In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for leases (“ASC 842”). The new guidance requires that lessees in a leasing arrangement recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a lease liability for most leases (other than leases that meet the definition of a short-term lease). The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification and not reassess whether any expired or existing contract is a lease or contains a lease. The most significant impact was the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while the accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of additional ROU assets for operating leases (net of previously recorded lease losses related to the consolidation of leased facilities of $42.2 million and deferred rent liability of $20.5 million under the old guidance) of approximately $194.5 million and operating lease liabilities of approximately $256.4 million, as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the additional ROU assets and lease liabilities, net of the deferred tax impact, was recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings of $0.8 million. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statements of income or its cash from or used in operating, financing, or investing activities in the Company’s consolidated cash flows statements. Adoption of this standard had no impact on the Company's debt covenant compliance under its current agreement or on liquidity. See Note 18 for additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

probable that a credit loss had been incurred. The new guidance changes the credit loss model from an incurred loss approach to an expected loss approach. It requires the application of a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model to financial assets measured at amortized cost (including trade accounts receivable) and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. Under the CECL model, lifetime expected credit losses on such financial assets are measured and recognized at each reporting date based on historical, current, and forecasted information. The standard also changes the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities, eliminating the concept of other than temporary impairment and requiring credit losses to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The amount of the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities is limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. A modified retrospective adoption method is required, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance in the period of adoption. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2020, using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for amortization of premium costs on purchased callable debt securities. The new guidance amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium, shortening such period to the earliest call date. The standard does not require any accounting change for debt securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The Company adopted the standard effective January 1, 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued an accounting standard update on the accounting for implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements that are service contracts. The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The Company early adopted this standard on a prospective basis effective January 1, 2019. Adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates made by management include the standalone selling price related to revenue recognition, the provision for doubtful accounts receivable, the provision to reduce obsolete or excess inventory to market, the provision for estimated returns, as well as sales allowances, the assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards, the assumptions used in the discounted cash flows to mark certain of its investments to market, the valuation of the

Short-term and long-term available for sale investments in debt securities at December 31, 2019 and 2018 primarily consist of agency securities, corporate securities, municipal securities and government securities. Investments classified as available-for-sale debt securities are stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. The Company classifies its available-for-sale investments as current and non-current based on their actual remaining time to maturity. The Company does not recognize changes in the fair value of its available-for-sale debt securities in income unless a decline in value is considered other-than-temporary in accordance with the authoritative guidance.

The Company’s investment policy is designed to limit exposure to any one issuer depending on credit quality. The Company uses information provided by third parties to adjust the carrying value of certain of its investments to fair value at the end of each period. Fair values are based on a variety of inputs and may include interest rates, known historical trades, yield curve information, benchmark data, prepayment speeds, credit quality and broker/dealer quotes. See Note 5 for additional information regarding the Company’s investments.

The Company’s accounts receivable are attributable primarily to direct sales to end customers via the Web and through VARs known as Citrix Solution Advisors, VADs, SIs, ISVs, OEMs and CSPs. Collateral is generally not required. The Company also maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company’s customers to make payments which includes both general and specific reserves. The Company periodically reviews these estimated allowances by conducting an analysis of the customer's payment history and credit worthiness, the age of the trade receivable balances and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to make payments. Based on this review, the Company specifically reserves for those accounts deemed uncollectible. When receivables are determined to be uncollectible, principal amounts of such receivables outstanding are deducted from the allowance. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $6.2 million and $3.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. If the financial condition of a significant customer were to deteriorate, the Company’s operating results could be adversely affected. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, one distributor, the Arrow Group, accounted for 14% and 17%, respectively, of gross accounts receivable.

The Company’s typical contracts include performance obligations related to product and licenses and support. In these contracts, incremental costs of obtaining a contract are allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices and then recognized on a basis that is consistent with the transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The commissions paid on annual renewals of support for product and licenses are not commensurate with the initial commission. The costs allocated to product and licenses are expensed at the time of sale, when revenue for the product and functional software licenses is recognized. The costs allocated to customer support for product and licenses are amortized ratably over a period of the greater of the contract term or the average customer life, the expected period of benefit of the asset capitalized. The Company currently estimates an average customer life of three years to five years, which it believes is appropriate based on consideration of the historical average customer life and the estimated useful life of the underlying product

and license sold as part of the transaction. Amortization of contract acquisition costs related to support is limited to the contractual period of the arrangement as the Company intends to pay a commensurate commission upon renewal of the related support. For contracts that contain multi-year services or subscriptions, the amortization period of the capitalized costs is the expected period of benefit, which is the greater of the contractual term or the expected customer life.

For the years ended on December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded amortization of capitalized contract acquisition costs of $44.8 million and $38.1 million, respectively, which are recorded in Sales, Marketing and Services expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company's short-term and long-term contract acquisition costs were $50.4 million and $81.0 million, and $41.0 million and $68.2 million respectively, and are included in Prepaid and other current assets and Other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. There was no impairment loss in relation to costs capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company records derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. For derivatives that are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified into earnings as operating expense, net, when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through earnings as Other income (expense), net, in the period during which changes in fair value occur. The application of the authoritative guidance could impact the volatility of earnings.

The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. This process includes attributing all derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions. The Company also formally assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether each derivative is highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. Fluctuations in the value of the derivative instruments are generally offset by changes in the hedged item; however, if it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or if a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively for the affected derivative.

Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer equipment and software; the lesser of the lease term or ten years for leasehold improvements, which is the estimated useful life; seven years for office equipment and furniture and the Company’s enterprise resource planning systems; and forty years for buildings.

The Company reviews for impairment of long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of the asset compared to its carrying value. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets are not amortized, but are subject to an annual impairment test. There was no impairment of goodwill or indefinite lived intangible assets as a result of the annual impairment analysis completed during the fourth quarters of 2019 and 2018. See Note 4 for more information regarding the Company's acquisitions and Note 12 for more information regarding the Company's segments.

The Company has intangible assets which were primarily acquired in conjunction with business combinations and technology purchases. Intangible assets with finite lives are recorded at cost, less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three years to seven years, except for patents, which are amortized over the lesser of their remaining life or seven years to ten years. In-process R&D is initially capitalized at fair value as an intangible asset with an indefinite life and assessed for impairment thereafter. When in-process R&D projects are completed, the corresponding amount is reclassified as an amortizable intangible asset and is amortized over the asset's estimated useful life.

Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets, which consists primarily of product-related technologies and patents, was $51.3 million and $47.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is classified as a component of Cost of net revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Amortization and impairment of other intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships, trade names and covenants not to compete was $15.9 million and $15.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is classified as a component of Operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Company monitors its intangible assets for indicators of impairment. If the Company determines that impairment has occurred, it writes-down the intangible asset to its fair value. For certain intangible assets where the unamortized balances exceed the undiscounted future net cash flow, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by calculating the amount by which the carrying values exceed the estimated fair values, which are based on projected discounted future net cash flows. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company tested certain intangible assets for recoverability and, as a result, identified certain definite-lived intangible assets, primarily Cedexis developed technology, that were impaired and recorded non-cash impairment charges of $13.2 million to write down the intangible assets to their estimated fair value of $4.1 million. The impairment charge is included in Amortization and impairment of product related intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. These non-recurring fair value measurements were categorized as Level 3, as significant unobservable inputs were used in the valuation analysis. Key assumptions used in the valuation include forecasts of revenue and expenses over an extended period of time, customer churn rates, rate of migration to future technology, tax rates, and estimated costs of debt and equity capital to discount the projected cash flows. Certain of these assumptions involve significant judgment, are based on management’s estimate of current and forecasted market conditions and are sensitive and susceptible to change; therefore, further disruptions in the business could potentially result in additional amounts becoming impaired.

In accordance with the authoritative guidance, the Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services and internal costs such as payroll and benefits of those employees directly associated with the development of new functionality in internal use software. The amount of costs capitalized during the years ended 2019 and 2018 relating to internal use software was $3.4 million and $14.8 million, respectively. These costs are being amortized over the estimated useful life of the software, which is generally three years to seven years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internal use software was approximately $19.7 million, $25.9 million and $27.3 million, during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company capitalized costs related to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service related to its Workspace offerings, incurred during the application development stage, of $10.6 million and $7.3 million, during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and is amortizing these costs over the expected lives of the related services, which is generally two years, and are included in property and equipment in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts charged to expense relating to internally developed computer software to be sold as a service was approximately $13.0 million, $14.4 million and $18.5 million, during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which are included in Cost of subscription, support and services.

The Company provides retirement benefits to certain employees who are not U.S. based. Generally, benefits under these programs are based on an employee’s length of service and level of compensation. The majority of these programs are commonly referred to as termination indemnities, which provide retirement benefits in accordance with programs mandated by the governments of the countries in which such employees work.

The Company generates all of its revenues from contracts with customers. At contract inception, the Company assesses the solutions or services, or bundles of solutions and services, obligated in the contract with a customer to identify each performance obligation within the contract, and then evaluates whether the performance obligations are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. Solutions and services that are not both capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract are combined and treated as a single performance obligation in determining the allocation and recognition of revenue.

The standalone selling price is the price at which the Company would sell a promised product or service separately to the customer. For the majority of the Company's software licenses and hardware, CSP and on-premise subscription software licenses, the Company uses the observable price in transactions with multiple performance obligations. For the majority of the Company’s support and services, and cloud-hosted subscription offerings, the Company uses the observable price when the Company sells that support and service and cloud-hosted subscription separately to similar customers. If the standalone selling price for a performance obligation is not directly observable, the Company estimates it. The Company estimates standalone selling price by taking into consideration market conditions, economics of the offering and customers’ behavior. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and applies estimation methods consistently in similar circumstances. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis.

The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from its Workspace solutions, which include its Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops solutions and related services, and anticipates that these solutions and future derivative solutions and product lines based upon this technology will continue to constitute a majority of its revenue. The Company could experience declines in demand for its Workspace solutions and other solutions, whether as a result of general economic conditions, the delay or reduction in technology purchases, new competitive product releases, price competition, and lack of success of its strategic partners, technological change or other factors. Additionally, the Company's Networking products generate revenues

Cost of product and license revenues consists primarily of hardware, royalties, product media and duplication, manuals, shipping expense, and packaging materials. In addition, the Company is a party to licensing agreements with various entities, which give the Company the right to use certain software code in its solutions or in the development of future solutions in exchange for the payment of fixed fees or amounts based upon the sales of the related product. The licensing agreements generally have terms ranging from one year to five years, and generally include renewal options. However, some agreements are perpetual unless expressly terminated. Royalties and other costs related to these agreements are also included in Cost of net revenues.

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. The Company has advertising agreements with, and purchases advertising from, online media providers to advertise its solutions. The Company also has strategic development funds and cooperative advertising agreements with certain distributors and resellers whereby the Company will reimburse distributors and resellers for qualified advertising of Company solutions. Reimbursement is made once the distributor, reseller or provider provides substantiation of qualified expenses. The Company estimates the impact of these expenses and recognizes them at the time of product sales as a reduction of net revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The total costs the Company recognized related to advertising were approximately $90.4 million, $99.1 million and $85.6 million, during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company and one or more of its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income taxes in the United States, as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is not currently under examination by the United States Internal Revenue Service. With few exceptions, the Company is generally not subject to examination for state and local income tax, or in non-U.S. jurisdictions by tax authorities for years prior to 2016.

In the ordinary course of global business, there are transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; thus, judgment is required in determining the worldwide provision for income taxes. The Company provides for income taxes on transactions based on its estimate of the probable liability. The Company adjusts its provision as appropriate for changes that impact its underlying judgments. Changes that impact provision estimates include such items as jurisdictional interpretations on tax filing positions based on the results of tax audits and general tax authority rulings. Due to the evolving nature of tax rules combined with the large number of jurisdictions in which the Company operates, estimates of its tax liability and the realizability of its deferred tax assets could change in the future, which may result in additional tax liabilities and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

The Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates as part of the process of preparing its consolidated financial statements. The authoritative guidance requires a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company reviews deferred tax assets periodically for recoverability and makes

The Company has various stock-based compensation plans for its employees and outside directors and accounts for stock-based compensation arrangements in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires the Company to measure and record compensation expense in its consolidated financial statements using a fair value method. See Note 8 for further information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing income available to stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Dilutive common share equivalents consist of shares issuable upon the exercise or settlement of stock awards and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan (calculated using the treasury stock method) during the period they were outstanding and potential dilutive common shares from the conversion spread on the Company’s 0.500% Convertible Notes due 2019 (the “Convertible Notes”) and the Company's warrants. The reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the earnings per share calculation is presented in Note 15.

The Company leases certain office space and equipment under various leases. In addition to rent, the leases require the Company to pay for taxes, insurance, maintenance and other operating expenses. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and operating lease liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases were not material to the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019.

ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the later of the adoption date of the new standard or the commencement date. The lease liability is based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term (or the remaining term in the case of existing leases at time the Company adopted ASC 842). The Company uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The operating lease ROU asset is based on the lease liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs, and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. For most operating leases, expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.