Organization and Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

Organization and Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

Organization and Basis of Presentation

1. Organization and Basis of Presentation

General– BioTime is a biotechnology company engaged in two areas of biomedical research and product development.  BioTime has historically developed blood plasma volume expanders and related technology for use in surgery, emergency trauma treatment and other applications.  BioTime's primary focus is in the field of regenerative medicine; specifically human embryonic stem ("hES") cell and induced pluripotent stem ("iPS") cell technology.  Regenerative medicine refers to therapies based on stem cell technology that are designed to rebuild cell and tissue function lost due to degenerative disease or injury.  hES and iPS cells provide a means of manufacturing every cell type in the human body and therefore show considerable promise for the development of a number of new therapeutic products.  BioTime plans to develop stem cell products for research and therapeutic use through its subsidiaries.  OncoCyte Corporation ("OncoCyte") is developing products and technologies to diagnose and treat cancer.  ES Cell International Pte., Ltd. ("ESI"), a Singapore private limited company, develops and sells hES products for research use.  BioTime Asia, Limited ("BioTime Asia"), a Hong Kong company, sells products for research use and may develop therapies to treat cancer, neurological, and orthopedic diseases.  OrthoCyte Corporation ("OrthoCyte") is developing therapies to treat orthopedic disorders, diseases and injuries.  ReCyte Therapeutics, Inc., formerly known as Embryome Sciences, Inc. ("ReCyte Therapeutics"), is developing therapies to treat vascular and blood diseases and disorders.  Cell Cure Neurosciences Ltd. ("Cell Cure Neurosciences"), is an Israel-based biotechnology company focused on developing stem cell-based therapies for retinal and neurological disorders, including the development of retinal pigment epithelial cells for the treatment of macular degeneration, and treatments for multiple sclerosis.  LifeMap Sciences, Inc. ("LifeMap Sciences") markets GeneCards®, the leading human gene database, and is developing an integrated database suite to complement GeneCards® that will also include the LifeMap™ database of embryonic development, stem cell research and regenerative medicine, and MalaCards, the human disease database.  LifeMap Sciences will also market BioTime research products and PanDaTox, a database that can be used to identify genes and intergenic regions that are unclonable in E. coli, to aid in the discovery of new antibiotics and biotechnologically beneficial functional genes.  LifeMap Sciences plans to commence research into the identification and development of novel cell lines for therapeutic products, including research on PureStem™ human embryonic progenitor cell lines ("hEPC") using the LifeMap Sciences proprietary discovery platform, with the goal of identifying those hEPC that have greatest potential for use in the development of cell-based therapies for degenerative diseases.  BioTime Acquisition Corporation ("BAC") was incorporated on September 24, 2012.  BAC was incorporated to explore opportunities to acquire assets and businesses in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine.

BioTime is focusing a portion of its efforts in the field of regenerative medicine on the development and sale of advanced human stem cell products and technology that can be used by researchers at universities and other institutions, at companies in the bioscience and biopharmaceutical industries, and at other companies that provide research products to companies in those industries.  Products for the research market generally can be sold without regulatory (FDA) approval, and are therefore relatively near-term business opportunities when compared to therapeutic products.

BioTime's operating revenues have been derived primarily from royalties and licensing fees related to the sale of its plasma volume expander product, Hextend®.  BioTime began to make its first stem cell research products available during 2008, but has not yet generated significant revenues from the sale of those products.  BioTime's ability to generate substantial operating revenue in the near term depends upon its success in developing and marketing or licensing its plasma volume expanders and stem cell products and technology for medical and research use.  On April 29, 2009, the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine ("CIRM") awarded BioTime a $4,721,706 grant for a stem cell research project related to its ACTCellerate™ technology.  The CIRM grant covered the period of September 1, 2009 through August 31, 2012 and waspaid in quarterly installments.  BioTime recognized grant revenues of $1,047,107 during 2012, of which $261,777 was collected in 2011, $392,665 during 2012 and $392,664 which remain uncollected as of December 31, 2012.  During 2011, BioTime received four quarterly payments totaling $1,570,663.  Grant revenues in 2012 also include $47,507, $18,145, and $1,109,699from other grants received by BioTime, LifeMap Sciences, and Cell Cure Neurosciences, respectively.  Grant revenues in 2011 also include $27,917, $44,544, $50,389 and $1,073,668 from other grants received by BioTime, OncoCyte, OrthoCyte, and Cell Cure Neurosciences, respectively.

The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, the consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 have been prepared by BioTime's management in accordance with instructions from Form 10-K.

Principles of consolidation – BioTime's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its subsidiaries.  The following table reflects BioTime's ownership of the outstanding shares of its subsidiaries.

Subsidiary	BioTime Ownership	Country
ReCyte Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly Embryome Sciences, Inc.)	95.2%	USA
OncoCyte Corporation	75.3%	USA
OrthoCyte Corporation	100%	USA
ES Cell International Pte., Ltd.	100%	Singapore
BioTime Asia, Limited	81%	Hong Kong
Cell Cure Neurosciences, Ltd.	53.6%(1)	Israel
LifeMap Sciences, Inc.	73.2%	USA
LifeMap Sciences, Ltd.	(2)	Israel
BioTime Acquisition Corporation	96.7%(3)	USA

(1)	In January 2013 Cell Cure Neurosciences issued additional ordinary shares to BioTime in exchange for BioTime common shares which increased BioTime's ownership, directly and through ESI, to approximately 62.6%.  See Note 23.
(2)	LifeMap Sciences, Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of LifeMap Sciences, Inc.
(3)	BioTime expectsthat its percentage ownership will be reduced to approximately 71.6% after BAC issues common stock to BioTime and Geron Corporation pursuant to an Asset Contribution Agreement and sells common stock and warrants to a private investor for cash in a related transaction.

All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.  The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. and with the accounting and reporting requirements of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").  As of December 31, 2012, BioTime consolidated ReCyte Therapeutics,OncoCyte,OrthoCyte, ESI, Cell Cure Neurosciences, BioTime Asia, LifeMap Sciences, Inc., LifeMap Sciences, Ltd., and BAC as BioTimehas the ability to control their operating and financial decisions and policies through itsownership, and the non-controlling interest is reflected as a separate element of equity on BioTime's consolidated balance sheet.

Certain significant risks and uncertainties - BioTime's operations are subject to a number of factors that can affect its operating results and financial condition.  Such factors include but are not limited to, the following: the results of clinical trials of BioTime's pharmaceutical products and medical devices; BioTime's ability to obtain FDA and foreign regulatory approval to market its pharmaceutical and medical device products; BioTime's ability to develop new stem cell research products and technologies; competition from products manufactured and sold or being developed by other companies; the price and demand for BioTime products; BioTime's ability to obtain additional financing and the terms of any such financing that may be obtained; BioTime's ability to negotiate favorable licensing or other manufacturing and marketing agreements for its products; the availability of ingredients used in BioTime's products; and the availability of reimbursement for the cost of BioTime's pharmaceutical products and medical devices (and related treatment) from government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers, and other organizations.