Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The components of income before income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2020		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2018
					As Adjusted(1)
U.S.	$	83,279	$	(11,778)	$	59,440
Foreign	13,356		40,273		1,356
Total	$	96,635	$	28,495	$	60,796
(1)The Company adopted the accounting standard related to revenue recognition ("ASC 606") effective December 1, 2018 using the full retrospective method. See Note 1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information.

The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2020		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2018
Current:
Federal	$	12,294	$	9,294	$	8,979
State	3,871		1,862		1,387
Foreign	3,370		5,808		3,088
Total current	19,535		16,964		13,454
Deferred, as adjusted(1):
Federal	(1,613)		(12,191)		(863)
State	(969)		(2,399)		(51)
Foreign	(40)		(279)		(1,414)
Total deferred	(2,622)		(14,869)		(2,328)
Total	$	16,913	$	2,095	$	11,126
(1)The Company adopted the accounting standard related to revenue recognition ("ASC 606") effective December 1, 2018 using the full retrospective method. See Note 1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information.

A reconciliation of the income taxes incurred at the U.S. Federal statutory rate compared to the effective tax rate is as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2020		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2018
					As Adjusted(1)
Tax at U.S. Federal statutory rate	$	20,293	$	5,984	$	13,513
Foreign rate differences	(200)		(2,619)		1,281
Effects of foreign operations included in U.S. Federal provision	(167)		451		550
State income taxes, net	2,087		(918)		1,180
Research credits	(905)		(1,086)		(302)
Domestic production activities deduction	—		(248)		(1,283)
Tax-exempt interest	(3)		(27)		(66)
Nondeductible stock-based compensation	422		1,043		502
Meals and entertainment	162		198		192
Compensation subject to 162(m)	324		422		227
Uncertain tax positions and tax settlements	245		(720)		(1,626)
Remeasurement of net deferred tax liabilities due to the Act	—		—		(1,660)
Net excess tax benefit or detriment from stock-based compensation plans	61		(103)		(861)
Global intangible low tax inclusion	(307)		2,100		—
Foreign derived intangible deduction	(5,297)		(2,300)		—
Other	198		(82)		(521)
Total	$	16,913	$	2,095	$	11,126
(1)The Company adopted the accounting standard related to revenue recognition ("ASC 606") effective December 1, 2018 using the full retrospective method. See Note 1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information.

The effective income tax rate is based on the income for the year, the composition of the income in different countries, changes related to valuation allowances and adjustments, if any, for the potential tax consequences or benefits of audits or other tax contingencies. Our aggregate income tax rate in foreign jurisdictions is lower than our effective income tax rate in the United States. The majority of our income before provision for income taxes from foreign operations has been earned by our subsidiary in Bulgaria that is taxed at a 10% tax rate.

Our United States income before provision for income taxes was at a deficit for fiscal year 2019 largely due to increased expense for amortization of acquired intangibles and due to an impairment expense of intangibles and long-lived assets.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Act") was enacted in the United States. The Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, moved to a territorial tax system and eliminated the domestic production activities deduction. The Act also provided for a one-time deemed repatriation transition tax on the post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through December 31, 2017. However, the Company concluded that it is not subject to the one-time transition tax due to the Company's foreign subsidiaries being in a net accumulated deficit position.

Other international provisions of the Act became effective in fiscal year 2019 for the Company. The global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax base foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return of the foreign subsidiary's tangible assets.

During fiscal year 2018, the Company recognized a $1.7 million income tax benefit due to the re-measurement of its net U.S. deferred tax liabilities due to the Act.

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	November 30, 2020		November 30, 2019
Deferred tax assets:
Accounts receivable	$	241	$	174
Accrued compensation	2,861		3,283
Accrued liabilities and other	4,430		2,690
Deferred revenue	9,032		3,995
Stock-based compensation	4,814		4,342
Depreciation and amortization	—		15,341
Tax credit and loss carryforwards	42,189		21,867
Operating lease liabilities	5,531		—
Gross deferred tax assets	69,098		51,692
Valuation allowance	(9,876)		(8,864)
Total deferred tax assets	59,222		42,828
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill	(20,624)		(18,879)
Right-of-use lease assets	(4,837)		—
Deferred revenue	(3,027)		(4,541)
Depreciation and amortization	(15,924)		—
Prepaid expenses	(334)		(810)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(44,746)		(24,230)
Total	$	14,476	$	18,598

The valuation allowance primarily applies to net operating loss carryforwards and unutilized tax credits in jurisdictions or under conditions where realization is not more likely than not. The $1.0 million increase in the valuation allowance during fiscal year 2020 primarily relates to the currency revaluation of foreign net operating losses which have a valuation allowance recorded against them. The $0.1 million increase in the valuation allowance during fiscal year 2019 primarily relates to acquired foreign net operating losses which have a valuation allowance recorded against them. The $7.3 million increase in the valuation allowance during fiscal year 2018 primarily relates to losses in a foreign subsidiary that are more likely than not going to expire prior to utilization.

At November 30, 2020, we have federal and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $208.4 million expiring on various dates through 2034. In addition, we have state net operating loss carryforwards of $26.9 million expiring on various dates through 2028. At November 30, 2020, we have state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.6 million expiring on various

dates through 2035 and $2.3 million that may be carried forward indefinitely. In addition, we have federal tax credit carryforwards of approximately $5.7 million expiring on various dates through 2038.

It is our intention to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries. We have not provided for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries, which totaled $97.2 million as of November 30, 2020, as these earnings have been indefinitely reinvested. It is not practicable to determine the amount of the unrecognized deferred tax liability if the undistributed earnings were to be repatriated due to the complexity of the income tax laws and regulations and the effects of the Tax Reform Act. These earnings could be subject to non-U.S. withholding taxes and other federal, state and/or foreign taxes if they were remitted to the U.S.

As of November 30, 2020, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $6.2 million, of which $2.6 million was recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and $3.6 million of deferred tax assets, principally related to U.S and foreign net operating loss carry-forwards and state research and development tax credits, have not been recorded.

A reconciliation of the balance of our unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2020		November 30, 2019		November 30, 2018
Balance, beginning of year	$	4,993	$	5,787	$	7,520
Tax positions related to a prior period	539		110		(15)
Tax positions acquired	1,596		—		—
Settlements with tax authorities	(12)		(181)		(39)
Lapses due to expiration of the statute of limitations	(897)		(723)		(1,679)
Balance, end of year	$	6,219	$	4,993	$	5,787

If recognized, all amounts of unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective tax rate.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of our provision for income taxes. The amount of interest and penalties accrued are not material in any of the periods presented. We do not expect any significant changes to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months.

Our Federal income tax returns have been examined or are closed by statute for all years prior to fiscal year 2017. Our state income tax returns have been examined or are closed by statute for all years prior to fiscal year 2016, and we are no longer subject to audit for those periods.

Tax authorities for certain non-U.S. jurisdictions are also examining tax returns and the Company does not expect the results of these examinations to be material to our consolidated balance sheets, cash flows or statements of income. With some exceptions, we are generally no longer subject to tax examinations in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal year 2014.