Restructuring Charges

The following table provides a summary of activity for our restructuring actions, which are detailed further below (in thousands):



	Excess Facilities and Other Costs			Employee Severance and Related Benefits			Total
Balance, December 1, 2017	$	570		$	3,556		$	4,126
Costs incurred	1,132			1,250			2,382
Cash disbursements	(1,172		)	(4,752		)	(5,924		)
Translation adjustments and other	45			10			55
Balance, August 31, 2018	$	575		$	64		$	639

During fiscal year 2017, we undertook certain operational restructuring initiatives intended to significantly reduce annual costs. As part of this action, management committed to a new strategic plan highlighted by a new product strategy and a streamlined operating approach. To execute these operational restructuring initiatives, we reduced our global workforce by over 20%. These workforce reductions occurred in substantially all functional units and across all geographies in which we operate. We also consolidated offices in various locations during fiscal year 2017 and fiscal year 2018. We expect to incur additional expenses related to facility closures as part of this restructuring action through fiscal year 2019, but we do not expect these additional costs to be material.

Restructuring expenses are related to employee costs, including severance, health benefits and outplacement services (but excluding stock-based compensation), facilities costs, which include fees to terminate lease agreements and costs for unused space, net of sublease assumptions, and other costs, which include asset impairment charges.

As part of this fiscal year 2017 restructuring, for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2018, we incurred expenses of $0.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, which are recorded in restructuring expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Cash disbursements for expenses incurred to date under this restructuring are expected to be made through fiscal year 2019. The short-term portion of the restructuring reserve of $0.5 million is included in other accrued liabilities and the long-term portion of $0.1 million is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at August 31, 2018.