Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are comprised of the following significant classes (in thousands):



	August 31, 2018							November 30, 2017
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Purchased technology	$	154,301	$	(105,451	)	$	48,850	$	154,301	$	(88,224	)	$	66,077
Customer-related	67,802		(54,024		)	13,778		67,802		(46,230		)	21,572
Trademarks and trade names	17,740		(12,656		)	5,084		17,740		(10,495		)	7,245
Total	$	239,843	$	(172,131	)	$	67,712	$	239,843	$	(144,949	)	$	94,894

In the three and nine months ended August 31, 2018, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $8.8 million and $27.2 million, respectively. In the three and nine months ended August 31, 2017, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $9.1 million and $23.9 million, respectively.

Future amortization expense for intangible assets as of August 31, 2018, is as follows (in thousands):



Remainder of 2018	$	8,873
2019	34,932
2020	10,152
2021	10,033
2022	3,722
Total	$	67,712

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in the nine months ended August 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



Balance, November 30, 2017	$	315,041
Translation adjustments	(90		)
Balance, August 31, 2018	$	314,951

Changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment in the nine months ended August 31, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):



	November 30, 2017		Translation adjustments			August 31, 2018
OpenEdge	$	249,036	$	(90	)	$	248,946
Data Connectivity and Integration	19,040		—			19,040
Application Development and Deployment	46,965		—			46,965
Total goodwill	$	315,041	$	(90	)	$	314,951

During the quarter ending August 31, 2018, no triggering events occurred that would indicate that it is more likely than not that the carrying values of any of our reporting units exceeded their fair values.