Business Segments and International Operations

Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer.

We operate as three distinct business segments: OpenEdge, Data Connectivity and Integration, and Application Development and Deployment.

We do not manage our assets or capital expenditures by segment or assign other income (expense) and income taxes to segments. We manage and report such items on a consolidated company basis.

The following table provides revenue and contribution margin from our reportable segments and reconciles to the consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes:



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28, 2018			February 28, 2017
Segment revenue:
OpenEdge	$	66,408		$	64,508
Data Connectivity and Integration	7,604			6,828
Application Development and Deployment	20,035			19,634
Total revenue	94,047			90,970
Segment costs of revenue and operating expenses:
OpenEdge	15,762			17,877
Data Connectivity and Integration	1,629			2,262
Application Development and Deployment	6,798			7,536
Total costs of revenue and operating expenses	24,189			27,675
Segment contribution:
OpenEdge	50,646			46,631
Data Connectivity and Integration	5,975			4,566
Application Development and Deployment	13,237			12,098
Total contribution	69,858			63,295
Other unallocated expenses (1)	52,090			62,073
Income from operations	17,768			1,222
Other (expense) income, net	(1,585		)	(1,347		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	16,183		$	(125	)

(1) The following expenses are not allocated to our segments as we manage and report our business in these functional areas on a consolidated basis only: certain product development and corporate sales and marketing expenses, customer support, administration, amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles, impairment of goodwill, stock-based compensation, fees related to shareholder activist, restructuring, and acquisition-related expenses.

Our revenues are derived from licensing our products, and from related services, which consist of maintenance, hosting services, and consulting and education. Information relating to revenue from external customers by revenue type is as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28, 2018		February 28, 2017
Software licenses	$	25,343	$	24,322
Maintenance	61,479		59,138
Services	7,225		7,510
Total	$	94,047	$	90,970

In the following table, revenue attributed to North America includes sales to customers in the U.S. and sales to certain multinational organizations. Revenue from Europe, the Middle East and Africa ("EMEA"), Latin America and the Asia Pacific region includes sales to customers in each region plus sales from the U.S. to distributors in these regions. Information relating to revenue from external customers from different geographical areas is as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	February 28, 2018		February 28, 2017
North America	$	51,641	$	50,305
EMEA	33,014		29,844
Latin America	4,461		5,023
Asia Pacific	4,931		5,798
Total	$	94,047	$	90,970