Business Segments and International Operations

Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer.

The changes made to our organization during fiscal years 2016 and 2017, as discussed in Note 13, did not change our determination of the three reportable segments as our organizational structure maintains the focus of the three business segments.

We do not manage our assets or capital expenditures by segment or assign other income (expense) and income taxes to segments. We manage and report such items on a consolidated company basis.

The following table provides revenue and contribution margin from our reportable segments and reconciles to the consolidated income from continuing operations before income taxes:



	Fiscal Year Ended
(In thousands)	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016			November 30, 2015
Segment revenue:
OpenEdge	$	276,172		$	276,267		$	295,934
Data Connectivity and Integration	40,955			48,009			37,926
Application Development and Deployment	80,445			81,065			43,694
Total revenue	397,572			405,341			377,554
Segment costs of revenue and operating expenses:
OpenEdge	72,497			72,938			77,085
Data Connectivity and Integration	9,329			12,760			13,819
Application Development and Deployment	26,645			40,180			39,386
Total costs of revenue and operating expenses	108,471			125,878			130,290
Segment contribution margin:
OpenEdge	203,675			203,329			218,849
Data Connectivity and Integration	31,626			35,249			24,107
Application Development and Deployment	53,800			40,885			4,308
Total contribution margin	289,101			279,463			247,264
Other unallocated expenses (1)	218,487			309,172			232,510
Income (loss) from operations	70,614			(29,709		)	14,754
Other expense, net	(5,027		)	(5,571		)	(2,400		)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	65,587		$	(35,280	)	$	12,354

(1) The following expenses are not allocated to our segments as we manage and report our business in these functional areas on a consolidated basis only: certain product development and corporate sales and marketing expenses, customer support, administration, amortization and impairment of acquired intangibles, impairment of goodwill, stock-based compensation, fees related to shareholder activist, restructuring, and acquisition-related expenses.

Our revenues are derived from licensing our products, and from related services, which consist of maintenance, hosting services, and consulting and education. Information relating to revenue from external customers by revenue type is as follows (in thousands):



	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2017		November 30, 2016		November 30, 2015
Software licenses	$	124,406	$	134,863	$	130,250
Maintenance	241,398		238,377		217,718
Professional services	31,768		32,101		29,586
Total	$	397,572	$	405,341	$	377,554

In the following table, revenue attributed to the United States includes sales to customers in the U.S. and sales to certain multinational organizations. Revenue from Canada, Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA), Latin America and the Asia Pacific region includes sales to customers in each region plus sales from the U.S. to distributors in these regions. Information relating to revenue from external customers from different geographical areas is as follows (in thousands):



	Fiscal Year Ended
	November 30, 2017		November 30, 2016		November 30, 2015
United States	$	206,450	$	212,312	$	193,665
Canada	17,492		16,891		13,901
EMEA	130,359		130,818		124,171
Latin America	21,158		21,156		17,594
Asia Pacific	22,113		24,164		28,223
Total	$	397,572	$	405,341	$	377,554

No country outside of the U.S. accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated revenue in any year presented. Long-lived assets totaled $39.5 million, $45.4 million and $50.3 million in the U.S. and $2.8 million, $4.7 million and $3.9 million outside of the U.S. at the end of fiscal years 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. No individual country outside of the U.S. accounted for more than 10% of our consolidated long-lived assets.