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Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Loans and Leases Receivable, Net Amount [Abstract]  
Loans [Text Block] Loans and Allowances for Credit Losses
The portfolio segments of the loan portfolio are as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Fixed
Rate
Variable
Rate
Non-accrualTotalFixed
Rate
Variable
Rate
Non-
accrual
Total
Commercial$3,450,238 $11,565,251 $14,647 $15,030,136 $3,558,563 $11,135,075 $110,131 $14,803,769 
Commercial real estate
668,532 4,380,015 9,905 5,058,452 791,757 4,538,570 7,320 5,337,647 
Loans to individuals2,620,936 1,383,027 22,173 4,026,136 2,282,914 1,452,620 28,018 3,763,552 
Total$6,739,706 $17,328,293 $46,725 $24,114,724 $6,633,234 $17,126,265 $145,469 $23,904,968 
Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans
$10,061 $7,863 

At December 31, 2024, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $7.8 billion or 32% of the total loan portfolio. Loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $3.7 billion or 15% of our total loan portfolio. Loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $2.9 billion or 12% of our total loan portfolio. Loans for which the collateral location is not relevant, such as unsecured loans and reserve-based energy loans, are distributed by the borrower’s primary operating location. These geographic concentrations subject the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within these areas.

At December 31, 2023, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $7.6 billion or 32% of the loan portfolio, loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $3.3 billion or 14% of the loan portfolio and loans to businesses and individuals with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $2.7 billion or 11% of the loan portfolio.
Commercial

Commercial loans represent loans for working capital, facilities acquisition or expansion, purchases of equipment and other needs of commercial customers primarily located within our geographical footprint. Commercial loans are underwritten individually and represent on-going relationships based on a thorough knowledge of the customer, the customer’s industry and market. While commercial loans are generally secured by the customer’s assets including real property, inventory, accounts receivable, operating equipment, interest in mineral rights and other property and may also include personal guarantees of the owners and related parties, the primary source of repayment of the loans is the on-going cash flow from operations of the customer’s business. Inherent lending risk is centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with commercial lending policies.

At December 31, 2024, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $5.0 billion or 34% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. Commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $2.3 billion or 15% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. Commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $1.7 billion or 12% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. The commercial loan portfolio segment is further divided into loan classes. The healthcare loan class totaled $4.0 billion or 16% of total loans. The healthcare loan class consists primarily of loans for the development and operation of senior housing and care facilities, including independent living, assisted living and skilled nursing. Healthcare also includes loans to hospitals and other medical service providers. The services loan class totaled $3.6 billion or 15% of total loans. Businesses included in the services class include Native American tribal and state and local municipal government entities, Native American tribal casino operations, foundations and not-for-profit organizations, educational services, and specialty trade contractors. The energy loan class totaled $3.3 billion or 13% of total loans, including $2.6 billion of outstanding loans to energy producers. Approximately 70% of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing oil and 30% of the committed production loans are secured by properties primarily producing natural gas. General business loans represent $4.2 billion or 17% of total loans. General business loans primarily consist of wholesale/retail loans and loans from other commercial industries.

At December 31, 2023, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Texas totaled $4.8 billion or 33% of the commercial loan portfolio segment, commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Oklahoma totaled $1.8 billion or 12% of the commercial loan portfolio segment, and commercial loans with collateral primarily located in Colorado totaled $1.8 billion or 12% of the commercial loan portfolio segment. The healthcare loan class totaled $4.1 billion or 17% of total loans. The services loan class totaled $3.6 billion or 15% of total loans. The energy loan class totaled $3.4 billion or 14% of total loans, including $2.7 billion of outstanding loans to energy producers. At December 31, 2023, approximately 69% of committed production loans were secured by properties primarily producing oil and 31% were secured by properties producing natural gas.

Commercial Real Estate

Commercial real estate loans are for the construction of buildings or other improvements to real estate and property held by borrowers for investment purposes primarily within our geographical footprint. We require collateral values in excess of the loan amounts, demonstrated cash flows in excess of expected debt service requirements, equity investment in the project and a portion of the project already sold, leased or permanent financing already secured. The expected cash flows from all significant new or renewed income producing property commitments are stress tested to reflect the risks in varying interest rates, vacancy rates and rental rates. As with commercial loans, inherent lending risks are centrally monitored on a continuous basis from underwriting throughout the life of the loan for compliance with applicable lending policies.

At December 31, 2024, 29% of commercial real estate loans were secured by properties primarily located in the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas of Texas, 11% of commercial real estate loans were secured by properties primarily located in the Denver metropolitan area of Colorado, while concentrations in all other states were less than 10%. At December 31, 2023, 31% of commercial real estate loans are secured by properties primarily located in the Dallas and Houston metropolitan areas of Texas while concentrations in all other states were less than 10%.
Loans to Individuals

Loans to individuals include residential mortgage and personal loans. Residential mortgage loans provide funds for our customers to purchase or refinance their primary residence or to borrow against the equity in their home. These loans are secured by a first or second mortgage on the customer's primary residence. Personal loans consist primarily of loans to Wealth Management clients secured by the cash surrender value of insurance policies and marketable securities. Personal loans also include direct loans secured by and for the purchase of automobiles, recreational and marine equipment as well as unsecured loans. These loans are made in accordance with underwriting policies we believe to be conservative and are fully documented. Loans may be individually underwritten or credit scored based on size and other criteria. Credit scoring is assessed based on significant credit characteristics including credit history, residential and employment stability.

In general, we sell the majority of our conforming fixed rate residential mortgage loan originations in the secondary market and retain the majority of our non-conforming and adjustable-rate mortgage loans. Our mortgage loan portfolio does not include payment option adjustable rate mortgage loans or adjustable rate mortgage loans with initial rates that are below market. Home equity loans are primarily first-lien and fully amortizing.

Residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies have limited credit exposure because of the agency guarantee. This amount includes residential mortgage loans previously sold into GNMA mortgage pools that the Company may repurchase when certain defined delinquency criteria are met. Because of this repurchase right, the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans and must include them on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Approximately 90% of the loans in this segment are secured by collateral located within our geographical footprint. Loans for which the collateral location is less relevant, such as unsecured loans, are categorized by the borrower’s primary location.

Credit Commitments
 
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of conditions established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. At December 31, 2024, outstanding commitments totaled $14.7 billion. Because some commitments are expected to expire before being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does loans.

The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based upon management’s credit evaluation of the borrower.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Because the credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan commitments, BOK Financial uses the same credit policies in evaluating the creditworthiness of the customer. Additionally, BOK Financial uses the same evaluation process in obtaining collateral on standby letters of credit as it does for loan commitments. The term of these standby letters of credit is defined in each commitment and typically corresponds with the underlying loan commitment. At December 31, 2024, outstanding standby letters of credit totaled $703 million. 

Allowances for Credit Losses and Accrual for Off-balance Sheet Credit Risk from Unfunded Loans Commitments

BOK Financial maintains an allowance for loan losses and accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded commitments. The allowance consists of specific allowances attributed to certain individual loans, generally nonaccruing loans, with dissimilar risk characteristics that have not yet been charged down to amounts we expect to recover and general allowances for estimated credit losses on pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics based on probability of default, loss given default and exposure at default for each loan class developed based on current and forecasted relevant economic loss drivers.

The accrual for off-balance sheet credit risk is maintained at a level that is appropriate to cover estimated losses associated with credit instruments that are not currently recognized as assets such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit or guarantees that are not unconditionally cancellable by the bank.
The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the year ended December 31, 2024 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 CommercialCommercial Real EstateLoans to
Individuals
Total
Allowance for loan losses:    
Beginning balance$141,232 $94,718 $41,173 $277,123 
Provision for loan losses12,614 (2,481)5,658 15,791 
Loans charged off(11,763)(1,455)(5,617)(18,835)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off3,070 290 2,596 5,956 
Ending balance$145,153 $91,072 $43,810 $280,035 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:    
Beginning balance$19,762 $27,439 $1,776 $48,977 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk
(1,716)4,520 (141)2,663 
Ending balance$18,046 $31,959 $1,635 $51,640 

An $18.0 million provision for credit losses was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2024. Improvement in the forecasted economic outlook during the year was offset by the impact of loan growth and some risk grade migration.

The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the year ended December 31, 2023 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

 CommercialCommercial Real EstateLoans to
Individuals
Total
Allowance for loan losses:    
Beginning balance$131,586 $57,648 $46,470 $235,704 
Provision for loan losses19,308 42,151 (1,941)59,518 
Loans charged off(12,898)(8,446)(5,972)(27,316)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off3,236 3,365 2,616 9,217 
Ending balance$141,232 $94,718 $41,173 $277,123 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:    
Beginning balance$18,246 $40,490 $2,183 $60,919 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit risk
1,516 (13,051)(407)(11,942)
Ending balance$19,762 $27,439 $1,776 $48,977 
The activity in the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for off-balance sheet credit losses related to loan commitments and standby letters of credit is for the year ended December 31, 2022 summarized as follows (in thousands):

 CommercialCommercial Real EstateLoans to IndividualsTotal
Allowance for loan losses:    
Beginning balance$162,056 $58,553 $35,812 $256,421 
Provision for loan losses(12,782)(813)14,023 428 
Loans charged off(22,382)(269)(6,095)(28,746)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off
4,694 177 2,730 7,601 
Ending balance$131,586 $57,648 $46,470 $235,704 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit risk from unfunded loan commitments:    
Beginning balance$13,812 $17,442 $1,723 $32,977 
Provision for off-balance sheet credit losses4,434 23,048 460 27,942 
Ending balance$18,246 $40,490 $2,183 $60,919 

The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

 Collectively Measured
for General Allowances
Individually Measured
for Specific Allowances
Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$15,015,489 $144,877 $14,647 $276 $15,030,136 $145,153 
Commercial real estate5,048,547 91,072 9,905  5,058,452 91,072 
Loans to individuals4,003,963 43,810 22,173  4,026,136 43,810 
Total$24,067,999 $279,759 $46,725 $276 $24,114,724 $280,035 


The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment of the related loans by portfolio segment for each impairment measurement method at December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

 Collectively Measured
for General Allowances
Individually Measured
for Specific Allowances
Total
 Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRelated
Allowance
Commercial$14,693,638 $138,540 $110,131 $2,692 $14,803,769 $141,232 
Commercial real estate5,330,327 94,718 7,320 — 5,337,647 94,718 
Loans to individuals3,735,534 41,173 28,018 — 3,763,552 41,173 
Total$23,759,499 $274,431 $145,469 $2,692 $23,904,968 $277,123 
Credit Quality Indicators

The Company utilizes risk grading as primary credit quality indicators as it influences the probability of default which is a key attribute in the expected credit losses calculation. Substantially all commercial as well as commercial real estate loans and certain loans to individuals are risk graded based on a quarterly evaluation of the borrowers’ ability to repay the loans. Certain commercial loans and most loans to individuals are small, homogeneous pools that are not risk-graded. The credit quality of these loans is based on past due days in accordance with regulatory guidelines.

We have included in the credit quality indicator "pass" loans that are in compliance with the original terms of the agreement and currently exhibit no factors that cause management to have doubts about the borrowers’ ability to remain in compliance with the original terms of the agreement, which is consistent with the regulatory guideline of "pass." This also includes past due residential mortgages that are guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. government that continue to accrue interest based on criteria of the guarantors’ programs.

Other loans especially mentioned ("Special Mention") are currently performing in compliance with the original terms of the agreement but may have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention, consistent with regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 30 to 59 days past due are categorized as Special Mention.

The risk grading process identifies certain loans that have a well-defined weakness (for example, inadequate debt service coverage or liquidity or marginal capitalization; repayment may depend on collateral or other risk mitigation) that may jeopardize liquidation of the debt and represent a greater risk due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. This is consistent with the regulatory guideline for "substandard." Because the borrowers are still performing in accordance with the original terms of the loan agreements, these loans remain on accruing status. Non-graded loans 60 to 89 days past due are categorized as Accruing Substandard.

Nonaccruing loans represent loans for which full collection of principal and interest is uncertain. This includes certain loans considered "substandard" and all loans considered "doubtful" by regulatory guidelines. Non-graded loans 90 or more days past due are categorized as Nonaccrual.

Probability of default is lowest for pass graded loans and increases for each credit quality indicator, Special Mention, and Accruing Substandard.

Vintage represents the year of origination, except for revolving loans which are considered in aggregate. Loans that were once revolving but have converted to term loans without additional underwriting appear in a separate vintage column.
The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2024 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands):

Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial:
Healthcare
Pass$539,305 $544,103 $896,042 $481,816 $344,609 $644,441 $249,793 $10 $3,700,119 
Special Mention 15,000 64,895 110  32,555 255  112,815 
Accruing Substandard 38,180 5,253 15,529 51,134 29,151 1,635  140,882 
Nonaccrual  96 463  13,158   13,717 
Total healthcare539,305 597,283 966,286 497,918 395,743 719,305 251,683 10 3,967,533 
Loans charged off, year-to-date
     7,240   7,240 
Energy
Pass148,972 46,094 39,050 2,621 6,488 16,989 2,985,161  3,245,375 
Accruing Substandard      9,300  9,300 
Nonaccrual     49   49 
Total energy148,972 46,094 39,050 2,621 6,488 17,038 2,994,461  3,254,724 
Loans charged off, year-to-date
      226  226 
Services
Pass629,978 625,969 422,015 404,949 187,324 570,775 745,853 379 3,587,242 
Special Mention 3,324 123 1,537  11,796 17,923  34,703 
Accruing Substandard 675 9,030 20 1,217 7,750 1,399 400 20,491 
Nonaccrual      767  767 
Total services629,978 629,968 431,168 406,506 188,541 590,321 765,942 779 3,643,203 
Loans charged off, year-to-date
    22 80 9  111 
General business
Pass740,440 571,897 267,528 176,468 117,755 319,986 1,862,643 1,938 4,058,655 
Special Mention4,399 5,749 4,285 7,002 224 1,736 3,037  26,432 
Accruing Substandard3,980 15,872 43,300 4,764 992 4,708 5,859  79,475 
Nonaccrual 32    23  59 114 
Total general business748,819 593,550 315,113 188,234 118,971 326,453 1,871,539 1,997 4,164,676 
Loans charged off, year-to-date
 27 1,465   166 2,425 103 4,186 
Total commercial2,067,074 1,866,895 1,751,617 1,095,279 709,743 1,653,117 5,883,625 2,786 15,030,136 
Commercial real estate:
Pass436,206 512,614 2,004,558 793,161 233,619 810,497 141,307  4,931,962 
Special Mention 313 14,907 32,131     47,351 
Accruing Substandard
  36,981   32,253   69,234 
Nonaccrual     9,905   9,905 
Total commercial real estate436,206 512,927 2,056,446 825,292 233,619 852,655 141,307  5,058,452 
Loans charged off, year-to-date     1,455   1,455 
Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass530,186 338,187 286,865 318,935 314,814 210,251 395,943 22,929 2,418,110 
Special Mention 167 148 219  113 1,767  2,414 
Accruing Substandard  163   45 898 67 1,173 
Nonaccrual245 1,758 990 522 583 7,420 3,221 522 15,261 
Total residential mortgage530,431 340,112 288,166 319,676 315,397 217,829 401,829 23,518 2,436,958 
Loans charged off, year-to-date
 43    18 10  71 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass462 4,337 6,618 2,432 3,506 112,491   129,846 
Nonaccrual    280 6,523   6,803 
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
462 4,337 6,618 2,432 3,786 119,014   136,649 
Personal
Pass245,737 149,572 167,272 115,710 107,291 151,030 510,147 2,619 1,449,378 
Special Mention18 17 30 825 8  8  906 
Accruing Substandard16    1 129 1,990  2,136 
Nonaccrual31 3 30 13 4 5 23  109 
Total personal245,802 149,592 167,332 116,548 107,304 151,164 512,168 2,619 1,452,529 
Loans charged off, year-to-date1
5,269 69 101 52 9  26 20 5,546 
Total loans to individuals776,695 494,041 462,116 438,656 426,487 488,007 913,997 26,137 4,026,136 
Total loans$3,279,975 $2,873,863 $4,270,179 $2,359,227 $1,369,849 $2,993,779 $6,938,929 $28,923 $24,114,724 
1    Includes charge-offs on deposit overdrafts, which are generally charged off at 60 days past due.
The following table summarizes the Company's loan portfolio at December 31, 2023 by the risk grade categories and vintage (in thousands):
Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial:
Healthcare
Pass$650,768 $895,602 $590,736 $409,001 $331,897 $809,858 $281,378 $15 $3,969,255 
Special Mention— — — 21,791 — 31,235 — 53,031 
Accruing Substandard— 2,128 18,508 6,911 — 10,896 975 — 39,418 
Nonaccrual— — — 30,290 23,129 28,110 — — 81,529 
Total healthcare650,768 897,730 609,244 467,993 355,026 880,099 282,358 15 4,143,233 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — — — 2,500 — — — 2,500 
Energy
Pass190,122 100,006 43,769 7,876 9,562 11,583 3,025,590 — 3,388,508 
Special Mention— — — — — — 13,950 — 13,950 
Accruing Substandard— — — — — — 16,800 — 16,800 
Nonaccrual— — — — — 99 17,744 — 17,843 
Total energy190,122 100,006 43,769 7,876 9,562 11,682 3,074,084 — 3,437,101 
Services
Pass900,090 526,776 401,872 228,818 106,112 643,477 730,729 595 3,538,469 
Special Mention— 1,085 1,520 1,341 534 4,522 81 — 9,083 
Accruing Substandard— 13,712 178 326 3,972 3,746 3,108 13 25,055 
Nonaccrual— — 1,635 338 — — 1,643 — 3,616 
Total services900,090 541,573 405,205 230,823 110,618 651,745 735,561 608 3,576,223 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — 3,060 — — — 2,642 — 5,702 
General business
Pass942,468 436,832 224,735 138,951 101,100 287,744 1,389,128 2,164 3,523,122 
Special Mention10,264 16,167 8,420 1,253 321 8,295 897 — 45,617 
Accruing Substandard4,401 33,194 1,716 27 — — 31,992 — 71,330 
Nonaccrual— 1,134 — — — 48 5,956 7,143 
Total general business957,133 487,327 234,871 140,231 101,421 296,087 1,427,973 2,169 3,647,212 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — 4,598 — 48 10 38 4,696 
Total commercial2,698,113 2,026,636 1,293,089 846,923 576,627 1,839,613 5,519,976 2,792 14,803,769 
Commercial real estate:
Pass396,891 1,941,913 1,194,759 416,647 513,555 705,092 136,095 — 5,304,952 
Special Mention— 476 — — — 19,171 — — 19,647 
Accruing Substandard2,992 — — — 2,733 — — 5,728 
Nonaccrual— — — — 7,170 150 — — 7,320 
Total commercial real estate399,883 1,942,389 1,194,762 416,647 520,725 727,146 136,095 — 5,337,647 
Loans charged off, year-to-date — — — — 8,446 — — 8,446 
Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term LoansTotal
Loans to individuals:
Residential mortgage
Pass426,089 320,733 342,927 349,742 54,801 243,356 375,739 23,895 2,137,282 
Special Mention157 140 131 1,361 18 134 2,982 93 5,016 
Accruing Substandard— 150 — — 37 49 50 — 286 
Nonaccrual79 1,419 237 544 344 12,381 2,387 665 18,056 
Total residential mortgage426,325 322,442 343,295 351,647 55,200 255,920 381,158 24,653 2,160,640 
Loans charged off, year-to-date— — 51 — 17 — 73 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
Pass633 1,788 2,220 4,297 6,441 124,719 — — 140,098 
Nonaccrual— — — 280 375 9,054 — — 9,709 
Total residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
633 1,788 2,220 4,577 6,816 133,773 — — 149,807 
Personal
Pass218,401 229,580 149,291 136,215 75,348 137,629 503,841 145 1,450,450 
Special Mention66 39 106 30 — 1,918 2,170 
Accruing Substandard— 64 12 144 — — 232 
Nonaccrual51 16 12 158 — 253 
Total personal218,471 229,734 149,418 136,270 75,503 137,641 505,920 148 1,453,105 
Loans charged off, year-to-date1
5,636 82 96 43 — 10 26 5,899 
Total loans to individuals645,429 553,964 494,933 492,494 137,519 527,334 887,078 24,801 3,763,552 
Total loans$3,743,425 $4,522,989 $2,982,784 $1,756,064 $1,234,871 $3,094,093 $6,543,149 $27,593 $23,904,968 
1    Includes charge-offs on deposit overdrafts, which are generally charged off at 60 days past due.
Nonaccruing Loans

A summary of nonaccruing loans as of December 31, 2024 follows (in thousands): 
 TotalWith No
Allowance
With AllowanceRelated Allowance
Commercial:    
Healthcare$13,717 $13,717 $ $ 
Energy49 49   
Services767 491 276 276 
General business114 114   
Total commercial14,647 14,371 276 276 
Commercial real estate9,905 9,905   
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage15,261 15,261   
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
6,803 6,803   
Personal109 109   
Total loans to individuals22,173 22,173   
Total$46,725 $46,449 $276 $276 
The majority of our nonaccruing loans are considered collateral dependent where repayment is expected to be provided through operation or sale of the collateral. Nonaccruing commercial and commercial real estate loans are primarily secured by commercial real estate and nonaccruing residential mortgage loans are secured by residential real estate.
A summary of nonaccruing loans as of December 31, 2023 follows (in thousands):
 TotalWith No
Allowance
With AllowanceRelated Allowance
Commercial:    
Healthcare$81,529 $40,372 $41,157 $1,478 
Energy
17,843 17,843 — — 
Services3,616 1,684 1,932 1,214 
General business7,143 7,143 — — 
Total commercial110,131 67,042 43,089 2,692 
Commercial real estate7,320 7,320 — — 
Loans to individuals:    
Residential mortgage18,056 18,056 — — 
Residential mortgage guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
9,709 9,709 — — 
Personal253 253 — — 
Total loans to individuals28,018 28,018 — — 
Total$145,469 $102,380 $43,089 $2,692 
Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company had $100 million of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including $72 million of healthcare loans, $9.3 million of energy loans, and $8.6 million of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Modifications generally consist of interest rate reductions, an other than insignificant payment delay, term extension, or a combination. Approximately $91 million of the modifications are term extensions of commercial loans and personal loans, and $8.6 million are combination modifications to residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. During the year ended December 31, 2024, $31 million of loans that were modified in the previous twelve months defaulted. Approximately $25 million of these defaults were related to term extensions of commercial loans, and $5.2 million of these defaults were related to combination modifications to residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. A payment default is defined as being 30 or more days past due after modification.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company had $130 million of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including $67 million of general business loans, $47 million of healthcare loans, and $13 million of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. Approximately $93 million of the modifications are term extensions of general business, healthcare, and services loans, and $36 million are combination modifications to healthcare loans and residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. During the year ended December 31, 2023, $4.8 million of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies were modified and subsequently defaulted.

Past Due Loans

Past due status for all loan classes is based on the actual number of days since the last payment was due according to the contractual terms of the loans, as modified for short-term payment deferral forbearance.

A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of December 31, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
  Past Due 
 Current30 to 59
Days
60 to 89
Days
90 Days
or More
TotalPast Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
Commercial:    
Healthcare$3,932,142 $25,778 $ $9,613 $3,967,533 $ 
Services3,642,436  767  3,643,203  
Energy3,254,724    3,254,724  
General business4,161,510 3,067 70 29 4,164,676  
Total commercial14,990,812 28,845 837 9,642 15,030,136  
Commercial real estate5,048,667   9,785 5,058,452  
Loans to individuals:    
Permanent mortgage2,416,633 10,930 5,622 3,773 2,436,958  
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
45,910 18,514 15,268 56,957 136,649 52,504 
Personal1,451,397 1,061 48 23 1,452,529  
Total loans to individuals3,913,940 30,505 20,938 60,753 4,026,136 52,504 
Total$23,953,419 $59,350 $21,775 $80,180 $24,114,724 $52,504 
A summary of loans currently performing and past due as of December 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

  Past Due 
 Current30 to 59
Days
60 to 89
Days
90 Days
or More
TotalPast Due 90 Days or More and Accruing
Commercial:    
Healthcare$4,071,336 $18,019 $30,290 $23,588 $4,143,233 $— 
Services3,575,787 — 434 3,576,223 — 
Energy3,437,101 — — — 3,437,101 — 
General business3,639,775 412 1,157 5,868 3,647,212 — 
Total commercial14,723,999 18,433 31,447 29,890 14,803,769 — 
Commercial real estate5,327,481 2,992 — 7,174 5,337,647 
Loans to individuals:    
Permanent mortgage2,149,927 6,340 1,494 2,879 2,160,640 36 
Permanent mortgages guaranteed by U.S. government agencies
54,122 25,085 17,053 53,547 149,807 48,201 
Personal1,450,302 2,561 88 154 1,453,105 131 
Total loans to individuals3,654,351 33,986 18,635 56,580 3,763,552 48,368 
Total$23,705,831 $55,411 $50,082 $93,644 $23,904,968 $48,371