(14) Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Litigation Contingencies

As a member of Visa, BOK Financial is obligated for a proportionate share of certain covered litigation losses incurred by Visa under a retrospective responsibility plan. A contingent liability was recognized for the Company’s share of Visa’s covered litigation liabilities. Visa funded an escrow account to cover litigation claims, including covered litigation losses under the retrospective responsibility plan, with proceeds from its initial public offering in 2008 and from available cash.

BOK Financial currently owns 251,837 Visa Class B shares which are convertible into 103,782 shares of Visa Class A shares after the final settlement of all covered litigation. Class B shares may be diluted in the future if the escrow fund is not adequate to cover future covered litigation costs. Therefore, no value has been currently assigned to the Class B shares and no value may be assigned until the Class B shares are converted into a known number of Class A shares.

In the ordinary course of business, BOK Financial and its subsidiaries are subject to legal actions and complaints. Management believes, based upon the opinion of counsel, that the actions and liability or loss, if any, resulting from the final outcomes of the proceedings, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Alternative Investment Commitments

The Company sponsors two private equity funds and invests in several tax credit entities and other funds as permitted by banking regulations. Consolidation of these investments is based on the variable interest model determined by the nature of the entity. Variable interest entities are generally defined as entities that either do not have sufficient equity to finance their activities without support from other parties or whose equity investors lack a controlling financial interest. Variable interest entities are consolidated based on the determination that the Company is the primary beneficiary including the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the variable interest's economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of the variable interest or the right to receive benefits of the variable interest that could be significant to the variable interest.

BOKF Equity, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, is the general partner of two consolidated private equity funds (“the Funds”). The Funds provide alternative investment opportunities to certain customers, some of which are related parties, through unaffiliated limited partnerships. These unaffiliated limited partnerships generally invest in distressed assets, asset buy-outs or venture capital companies. As general partner, BOKF Equity, LLC has the power to direct activities that most significantly affect the Funds' performance and contingent obligations to make additional investments totaling $5.6 million at December 31, 2014. Substantially all of the obligations are offset by limited partner commitments. The Company does not accrue its contingent liability to fund investments. The Volcker Rule in Title VI of the Dodd-Frank Act will limit both the amount and structure of these type of investments.

Consolidated tax credit entities represent the Company's interest in entities earning federal new market tax credits related to qualifying loans for which the Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the variable interest's economic performance of the entity including being the primary beneficiary of or the obligation to absorb losses of the variable interest that could be significant to the variable interest. The creditors underlying the other borrowings of consolidated tax credit entities do not have recourse to the general credit of BOKF.

The Company also has interests in various unrelated alternative investments generally consisting of unconsolidated limited partnership interests in or loans to entities for which investment return is in the form of tax credits or that invest in distressed real estate loans and properties, energy development, venture capital and other activities. The Company is prohibited by banking regulations from controlling or actively managing the activities of these investments and the Company's maximum exposure to loss is restricted to its investment balance. The Company's obligation to fund alternative investments is included in Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's ability to hold these investments will be curtailed by the Volcker Rule.

A summary of consolidated and unconsolidated alternative investments as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2014
	Loans		Other Assets		Other Liabilities		Other Borrowings		Non-controlling Interests
Consolidated:
Private equity funds	$	—	$	25,627	$	—	$	—	$	21,921
Tax credit entities	10,000		12,827		—		10,964		10,000
Other	—		5,996		—		—		2,106
Total consolidated	$	10,000	$	44,450	$	—	$	10,964	$	34,027

Unconsolidated:
Tax credit entities	$	18,192	$	96,721	$	28,920	$	—	$	—
Other	—		9,471		4,050		—		—
Total unconsolidated	$	18,192	$	106,192	$	32,970	$	—	$	—



	December 31, 2013
	Loans		Other Assets		Other Liabilities		Other Borrowings		Non-controlling Interests
Consolidated:
Private equity funds	$	—	$	27,341	$	—	$	—	$	23,036
Tax credit entities	10,000		13,448		—		10,964		9,869
Other	—		9,178		—		—		2,019
Total consolidated	$	10,000	$	49,967	$	—	$	10,964	$	34,924

Unconsolidated:
Tax credit entities	$	27,319	$	90,260	$	35,776	$	—	$	—
Other	—		9,257		1,681		—		—
Total unconsolidated	$	27,319	$	99,517	$	37,457	$	—	$	—

Other Commitments and Contingencies

At December 31, 2014, Cavanal Hill Funds’ assets included $1.1 billion of U.S. Treasury, $1.3 billion of cash management and $258 million of tax-free money market funds. Assets of these funds consist of highly-rated, short-term obligations of the U.S. Treasury, corporate issuers and U.S. states and municipalities. The net asset value of units in these funds was $1.00 at December 31, 2014. An investment in these funds is not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or guaranteed by BOK Financial or any of its subsidiaries. BOK Financial may, but is not obligated to purchase assets from these funds to maintain the net asset value at $1.00. No assets were purchased from the funds in 2014 or 2013.

Cottonwood Valley Ventures, Inc. (“CVV, Inc.”), an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary of BOK Financial, is being audited by the Oklahoma Tax Commission (“OTC”) for tax years 2007 through 2009. CVV, Inc. is a qualified venture capital company under the applicable Oklahoma statute. As authorized by the statute, CVV, Inc. guarantees transferable Oklahoma state income tax credits by providing direct debt financing to private companies which qualify as statutory business ventures. Due to certain statutory limitations on utilization of such credits, CVV, Inc. must sell the majority of the credits to provide the economic incentives provided for by the statute. During 2012, CVV, Inc. and credit purchasers settled the assessment related to the 2008 tax credits disallowed with no material adverse impact to the consolidated financial statements. Management does not anticipate that the remaining issue under audit will have a material adverse impact to the consolidated financial statements.

Total rent expense for BOK Financial was $25.0 million in 2014, $23.5 million in 2013 and $21.7 million in 2012. At December 31, 2014, future minimum lease payments for premises under operating leases were as follows: $26.0 million in 2015, $22.9 million in 2016, $19.3 million in 2017, $15.1 million in 2018, $13.0 million in 2019 and $104.8 million thereafter. The Bank is obligated under a long-term lease for its bank premises in downtown Tulsa. The lease term, which began November 1, 1976, is for fifty-seven years with an option to terminate in 2024 with a two-year prior written notice. Premises leases may include options to renew at then current market rates and may include escalation provisions based upon changes in consumer price index or similar benchmarks.

The Federal Reserve Bank requires member banks to maintain certain minimum average cash balances. Member banks may satisfy reserve balance requirements through it holdings of vault cash and balance maintained directly with a Federal Reserve Bank. The combined average balance of vault cash and balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank was $1.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2014 and $830 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

BOSC, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of BOK Financial, is an introducing broker to Pershing, LLC for retail equity investment transactions. As such, it has indemnified Pershing, LLC against losses due to a customer's failure to settle a transaction or to repay a margin loan. All unsettled transaction and margin loans are secured as required by applicable regulation. The amount of customer balances subject to indemnification totaled $72 thousand at December 31, 2014.

The Company agreed to guarantee rents totaling $28.7 million through September of 2017 to the City as owner of a building immediately adjacent to the Bank’s main office for space currently rented by third-party tenants in the building. All rent payments are current. Remaining guaranteed rents totaled $8.4 million at December 31, 2014. In return for this guarantee, the Company will receive 80% of net cash flow as defined in an agreement with the City through September 2017 from rental of space that was vacant at the inception of the agreement. The maximum amount that the Company may receive under this agreement is $4.5 million.