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Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options
6 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options

Note 3 — Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options

Under the Company’s Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (formerly the Restated 1988 Executive Stock Option Plan) (“the Plan”) as in effect at September 30, 2020, options exercisable for up to 20,615,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted over the life of the Plan to key employees, non-employee directors, and consultants at exercise prices not less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Plan are non-statutory stock options and generally vest 25% one year from the date of grant with the remaining 75% vesting ratably each month for the next 36 months. The options granted to employees and the Company’s Board of Directors expire at the end of five years and ten years from the date of grant, respectively.  All options granted in the six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and are non-statutory stock options.

The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions included in the table below. The Company uses historical data, among other factors, to estimate the expected volatility, the expected dividend yield and the expected option life. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimating expected forfeitures.  The risk-free rate is based on the interest rate paid on a U.S. Treasury issue with a term similar to the estimated life of the option.  The following assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30, 2020

 

 

September 30, 2019

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

0.21%

 

 

1.54%

 

Expected volatility

 

34%

 

 

31%

 

Expected dividend yield

 

 

0.00%

 

 

 

0.00%

 

Expected weighted average life of option in years

 

4.4 years

 

 

4.4 years

 

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $1,238,000 and $1,198,000, respectively. For the six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded share-based compensation expenses of $2,233,000 and $2,423,000, respectively. The table below shows the amounts recognized in the unaudited consolidated financial statements for stock compensation expense for time-based options and performance-based options during the three and six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30, 2020

 

 

September 30, 2019

 

Cost of revenues

 

$

506,000

 

 

$

518,000

 

General and administrative

 

 

732,000

 

 

 

680,000

 

Total cost of stock-based compensation included in

   income before income tax provision

 

 

1,238,000

 

 

 

1,198,000

 

Amount of income tax benefit recognized

 

 

(255,000

)

 

 

(249,000

)

Amount charged against net income

 

$

983,000

 

 

$

949,000

 

Effect on basic earnings per share

 

$

(0.05

)

 

$

(0.05

)

Effect on diluted earnings per share

 

$

(0.05

)

 

$

(0.05

)

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

September 30, 2020

 

 

September 30, 2019

 

Cost of revenues

 

$

994,000

 

 

$

1,002,000

 

General and administrative

 

 

1,239,000

 

 

 

1,421,000

 

Total cost of stock-based compensation included in

   income before income tax provision

 

 

2,233,000

 

 

 

2,423,000

 

Amount of income tax benefit recognized

 

 

(492,000

)

 

 

(528,000

)

Amount charged against net income

 

$

1,741,000

 

 

$

1,895,000

 

Effect on basic earnings per share

 

$

(0.10

)

 

$

(0.10

)

Effect on diluted earnings per share

 

$

(0.10

)

 

$

(0.10

)

 

The following table summarizes information for all stock options for the three and six months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

Options outstanding, beginning

 

 

1,017,494

 

 

$

55.54

 

 

 

1,000,830

 

 

$

47.05

 

Options granted

 

 

41,650

 

 

 

79.49

 

 

 

50,450

 

 

 

87.49

 

Options exercised

 

 

(80,455

)

 

 

38.66

 

 

 

(55,993

)

 

 

33.72

 

Options cancelled/forfeited

 

 

(2,772

)

 

 

54.70

 

 

 

(5,223

)

 

 

51.52

 

Options outstanding, ending

 

 

975,917

 

 

$

57.97

 

 

 

990,064

 

 

$

49.84

 

 

 

 

Six Months Ended September 30, 2020

 

 

Six Months Ended September 30, 2019

 

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

 

Shares

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

Options outstanding, beginning

 

 

1,029,103

 

 

$

54.87

 

 

 

1,058,411

 

 

$

45.17

 

Options granted

 

 

86,825

 

 

 

65.55

 

 

 

97,475

 

 

 

79.17

 

Options exercised

 

 

(124,818

)

 

 

37.77

 

 

 

(156,948

)

 

 

36.48

 

Options cancelled/forfeited

 

 

(15,193

)

 

 

57.09

 

 

 

(8,874

)

 

 

51.24

 

Options outstanding, ending

 

 

975,917

 

 

$

57.97

 

 

 

990,064

 

 

$

49.84

 

 

The following table summarizes the status of stock options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2020:

 

Range of Exercise Price

 

Number of

Outstanding

Options

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Life

 

 

Outstanding

Options –

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

 

Exercisable

Options –

Number of

Exercisable

Options

 

 

Exercisable

Options –

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price

 

$21.87 to $48.35

 

 

285,745

 

 

 

2.28

 

 

$

37.55

 

 

 

256,481

 

 

$

36.58

 

$48.36 to $57.75

 

 

262,904

 

 

 

3.04

 

 

 

55.07

 

 

 

110,308

 

 

 

55.48

 

$57.76 to $77.93

 

 

309,586

 

 

 

3.60

 

 

 

69.07

 

 

 

46,812

 

 

 

63.03

 

$77.94 to $88.22

 

 

117,682

 

 

 

5.59

 

 

 

84.83

 

 

 

12,662

 

 

 

87.49

 

Total

 

 

975,917

 

 

 

3.30

 

 

$

57.97

 

 

 

426,263

 

 

$

45.88

 

 

The following table summarizes the status of all outstanding options at September 30, 2020, and changes during the three months then ended:

 

 

 

Number

of

Options

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

Per Share

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Life (Years)

 

 

Aggregate Intrinsic

Value as of September 30, 2020

 

Options outstanding at July 1, 2020

 

 

1,017,494

 

 

$

55.54

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

41,650

 

 

 

79.49

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(80,455

)

 

 

38.66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled – forfeited

 

 

(263

)

 

 

64.07

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled – expired

 

 

(2,509

)

 

 

47.92

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending outstanding

 

 

975,917

 

 

$

57.97

 

 

 

3.30

 

 

$

26,974,518

 

Ending vested and expected to vest

 

 

838,745

 

 

$

47.03

 

 

 

2.97

 

 

$

24,141,622

 

Ending exercisable at September 30, 2020

 

 

426,263

 

 

$

45.88

 

 

 

2.58

 

 

$

16,882,794

 

 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was $22.39 and $24.90, respectively.

Included in the above-noted stock option grants and stock compensation expense are performance-based stock options that vest only upon the Company’s achievement of certain earnings per share targets on a calendar year basis, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.  These options were valued in the same manner as the time-based options. However, the Company only recognizes stock compensation expense to the extent that the targets are determined to be probable of being achieved, which triggers the vesting of the performance options.  The Company recognized $510,000 and $470,000 of stock compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for performance-based stock options.