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Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]  
Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

Note 3 — Stock Options and Stock-Based Compensation

Under the Company’s Restated Omnibus Incentive Plan (formerly the Restated 1988 Executive Stock Option Plan) (“the Plan”) as in effect at March 31, 2019, options exercisable for up to 19,865,000 shares of the Company’s common stock may be granted over the life of the Plan to key employees, non-employee directors, and consultants at exercise prices not less than the fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Options granted under the Plan are non-statutory stock options and generally vest 25% one year from the date of grant, with the remaining 75% vesting ratably each month for the next 36 months. The options granted to employees and the Company’s Board of Directors expire at the end of five years and ten years from date of grant, respectively.  All options granted in fiscal 2019 and 2018 were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and are non-statutory stock options.

The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions included in the table below. The Company uses historical data, among other factors, to estimate the expected volatility, the expected dividend yield, and the expected option life. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur, rather than estimate expected forfeitures.  As a result, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, we reclassified the fiscal 2017 excess tax benefit of $0.5 million from additional paid in capital into the income tax provision line.  The risk-free rate is based on the interest rate paid on a U.S. Treasury issue with a term similar to the estimated life of the option.      

The fair value of each grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Fiscal 2019

 

 

Fiscal 2018

 

 

Fiscal 2017

 

Expected volatility

 

 

34

%

 

 

40

%

 

 

41

%

Risk free interest rate

 

2.46% to 2.96%

 

 

1.88% to 2.56%

 

 

1.03% to 1.92%

 

Dividend yield

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

 

 

0.0

%

Weighted average option life

 

4.4 to 4.5 years

 

 

4.4 to 4.5 years

 

 

4.4 to 4.5 years

 

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $4,349,000, $3,164,000, and $2,432,000, respectively. The table below shows the amounts recognized in the financial statements for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

 

 

 

Fiscal 2019

 

 

Fiscal 2018

 

 

Fiscal 2017

 

Cost of revenue

 

$

1,896,000

 

 

$

1,749,000

 

 

$

1,507,000

 

General and administrative

 

 

2,453,000

 

 

 

1,415,000

 

 

 

925,000

 

Total cost of stock-based compensation

   included in income before income taxes

 

 

4,349,000

 

 

 

3,164,000

 

 

 

2,432,000

 

Amount of income tax benefit recognized

 

 

1,048,000

 

 

 

1,105,000

 

 

 

946,000

 

Amount charged to net income

 

$

3,301,000

 

 

$

2,059,000

 

 

$

1,486,000

 

Effect on basic earnings per share

 

$

0.18

 

 

$

0.11

 

 

$

0.08

 

Effect on diluted earnings per share

 

$

0.17

 

 

$

0.11

 

 

$

0.08

 

 

The following table summarizes information for all stock options for the fiscal years March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Fiscal 2019

 

 

Fiscal 2018

 

 

Fiscal 2017

 

Options outstanding – beginning of fiscal year

 

 

1,064,439

 

 

 

1,143,928

 

 

 

1,115,465

 

Options granted

 

 

290,300

 

 

 

334,200

 

 

 

267,950

 

Options exercised

 

 

(250,604

)

 

 

(314,846

)

 

 

(115,592

)

Options cancelled/forfeited

 

 

(45,724

)

 

 

(98,843

)

 

 

(123,895

)

Options outstanding – end of fiscal year

 

 

1,058,411

 

 

 

1,064,439

 

 

 

1,143,928

 

During the fiscal year, weighted average exercise

   price of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options granted

 

$

57.27

 

 

$

52.57

 

 

$

37.13

 

Options exercised

 

$

36.44

 

 

$

27.59

 

 

$

22.74

 

Options cancelled/forfeited

 

$

36.71

 

 

$

35.59

 

 

$

36.90

 

At the end of fiscal year:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Price  range  of outstanding options

 

$12.71-$62.31

 

 

$12.71-$57.75

 

 

$12.71-$45.73

 

Weighted average exercise price per share

 

$

45.17

 

 

$

39.45

 

 

$

32.02

 

Options available for future  grants

 

 

523,415

 

 

 

260,961

 

 

 

505,493

 

Exercisable options

 

 

440,386

 

 

 

445,387

 

 

 

585,424

 

 

The following table summarizes the status of stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2019:

 

Range of

Exercise Prices

 

Number of

Outstanding

Options

 

 

Weighted

Average

Remaining

Contractual

Life

 

 

Outstanding

Options –

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

 

Exercisable

Options –

Number of

Exercisable

Options

 

 

Exercisable

Options –

Weighted

Average

Exercise Price

 

$12.71 to $34.67

 

 

273,168

 

 

 

2.38

 

 

$

27.22

 

 

 

209,084

 

 

$

25.68

 

$34.68 to $48.35

 

 

326,046

 

 

 

3.19

 

 

 

43.26

 

 

 

185,392

 

 

 

41.77

 

$48.36 to $57.75

 

 

285,497

 

 

 

4.13

 

 

 

55.63

 

 

 

45,910

 

 

 

57.15

 

$57.76 to $62.31

 

 

173,700

 

 

 

4.63

 

 

 

59.81

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

1,058,411

 

 

 

3.47

 

 

$

45.17

 

 

 

440,386

 

 

$

35.73

 

 

The following table summarizes the status of all outstanding options at March 31, 2019, and changes during the fiscal year then ended:

 

 

 

Number of

Options

 

 

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price per

Share

 

 

Weighted Average

Remaining

Contractual Life

(Years)

 

 

Aggregate

Intrinsic Value

as of March 31, 2019

 

Options outstanding, March 31, 2018

 

 

1,064,439

 

 

$

39.45

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

290,300

 

 

 

57.27

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(250,604

)

 

 

36.44

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled – forfeited

 

 

(44,508

)

 

 

36.67

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cancelled – expired

 

 

(1,216

)

 

 

38.07

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options outstanding, March 31, 2019

 

 

1,058,411

 

 

$

45.17

 

 

 

3.47

 

 

$

21,239,346

 

Options vested and expected to vest

 

 

1,002,167

 

 

$

44.42

 

 

 

3.41

 

 

$

20,004,421

 

Ending exercisable

 

 

440,386

 

 

$

35.73

 

 

 

2.69

 

 

$

12,994,093

 

 

The weighted average fair value of options granted during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $19.83, $19.24, and $13.38, respectively.  The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $5,817,000, $7,780,000, and $2,620,000 respectively.

Included in the above-noted stock option grants and stock compensation expense are performance-based stock options which vest only upon the Company’s achievement of certain earnings per share targets on a calendar year basis, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. These options were valued in the same manner as the time-based options. However, the Company only recognizes stock compensation expense to the extent that the targets are determined to be probable of being achieved, which triggers the vesting of the performance options.   During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized stock compensation expense for performance-based options in the amount of $1,631,000, $649,000, and $49,000, respectively.

The Company received $7,241,000, $3,426,000, and $2,367,000 of cash receipts from the exercise of stock options during fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  As of March 31, 2019, $6,169,000 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3 years.