
(in thousands)	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
CAG segment revenue:
CAG Diagnostics recurring revenue:	$	806,267	$	780,144
IDEXX VetLab consumables	344,779		316,929
Rapid assay products	84,034		86,315
Reference laboratory diagnostic and consulting services	344,406		344,338
CAG Diagnostics services and accessories	33,048		32,562

CAG Diagnostics capital - instruments	$	31,994	$	34,092

Veterinary software, services and diagnostic imaging systems:	$	81,575	$	75,049
Recurring revenue	65,793		59,700
Systems and hardware	15,782		15,349
CAG segment revenue	$	919,836	$	889,285

Water segment revenue	45,321		43,071
LPD segment revenue	28,596		28,205
Other segment revenue	4,674		3,534

Total revenue	$	998,427	$	964,095

We enter into arrangements with multiple performance obligations where customers purchase a combination of IDEXX products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately requires significant judgment. We determine the transaction price for a contract based on the total consideration we expect to receive in exchange for the transferred goods or services. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as volume rebates or expected price adjustments, we apply judgment in constraining the estimated variable consideration due to factors that may cause reversal of revenue recognized. We evaluate constraints based on our historical and projected experience with similar customer arrangements.

We allocate revenue to each performance obligation in proportion to the relative standalone selling prices, and recognize revenue when control of the related goods or services is transferred for each obligation. We utilize the observable standalone selling price when available, which represents the price charged for the promised product or service when sold separately. When standalone selling prices for our products or services are not directly observable, we determine the standalone selling prices using relevant information available and apply suitable estimation methods including, but not limited to, the cost plus a margin approach. We recognize revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied, either at a point in time or over time, as described in the revenue categories above. We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of arrangements with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Free or Discounted Instruments and Systems. Many of our customer commitment arrangements, such as our IDEXX 360 program, provide customers with free or discounted instruments or systems upon entering into multi-year arrangements to purchase annual minimum amounts of products and services. We allocate total consideration, including future committed purchases and expected price adjustments, based on relative standalone selling prices to identified performance obligations and recognize instrument revenue and cost at the time of installation and customer acceptance in advance of billing the customer, which is also when the customer obtains control of the instrument based on legal title transfer. Our right to future consideration related to instrument revenue is recorded as a contract asset within other current and long-term assets. The contract asset is transferred to accounts receivable when customers are billed for products and services over the term of the arrangement. We have determined that these arrangements do not include a significant financing component.

On December 31, 2024, our contract assets were $246.3 million, of which approximately $19.2 million was reclassified to accounts receivable when customers were billed for related products and services during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of new placements under commitment arrangements, net of subsequent amounts reclassified to accounts receivable and allowances established for credit losses, our contract assets were $252.8 million as of March 31, 2025. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their arrangement to assess the realizability of our contract assets and review estimates of variable consideration. Impairments and revenue adjustments that relate to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, including cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue arising from contract modifications, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not material.

Up-Front Consideration Paid to Customers. We provide customers with incentives in the form of IDEXX Points upon entering into multi-year arrangements to purchase annual minimum amounts of future products and services. If a customer breaches their agreement, they are required to refund all or a portion of the up-front consideration, or make other repayments, remedial actions, or both. Up-front incentives to customers in the form of IDEXX Points or, from time to time, cash, are not made in exchange for distinct goods or services and are capitalized as consideration paid to customers within other current and long-term assets, which are subsequently recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the customer arrangement. If these up-front incentives are subsequently utilized to purchase instruments, we allocate total consideration, including future committed purchases less up-front incentives and estimates of expected price adjustments, based on relative standalone selling prices, to identified performance obligations, and recognize instrument revenue and cost at the time of installation and customer acceptance. To the extent invoiced instrument revenue exceeds recognized instrument revenue, we record deferred revenue as a contract liability, which is subsequently recognized upon the purchase of products and services over the term of the contract. We have determined these arrangements do not include a significant financing component.

On December 31, 2024, our capitalized consideration paid to customers was $196.6 million, of which approximately $16.5 million was recognized as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of new payments to customers, net of subsequent recognition, our capitalized consideration paid to customers was $197.8 million as of March 31, 2025. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their arrangement to assess the realizability of our capitalized consideration paid to customers and review estimates of variable consideration. Impairments and revenue adjustments that relate to performance obligations satisfied in prior periods, including cumulative catch-up

Rebate Arrangements. Our rebate arrangements provide customers the opportunity to earn future rebates based on the volume of products and services they purchase over the term of the arrangement. Rebate incentives are typically offered in multi-year arrangements that include customer commitments to purchase annual minimum amounts of products and services, or, to a lesser extent, are sometimes offered without future purchase commitments. We account for the customer’s right to earn rebates on future purchases as a separate performance obligation and determine the standalone selling price based on an estimate of rebates the customer will earn over the term of the arrangement. Total consideration allocated to identified performance obligations is limited to goods and services that the customer is presently obligated to purchase and does not include estimates of future purchases that are optional. We allocate total consideration to identified performance obligations, including the customer’s right to earn rebates on future purchases, which is deferred and subsequently recognized upon the purchase of products and/or services.

On December 31, 2024, our deferred revenue related to rebate and up-front consideration arrangements was $30.0 million, of which approximately $2.8 million was recognized when customers purchased eligible products and services during the three ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of new customer purchases under rebate and up-front consideration arrangements, net of subsequent recognition, our deferred revenue was $30.0 million as of March 31, 2025, of which approximately 23%, 28%, 22%, 14%, and 13% are expected to be recognized during the remainder of 2025, the full years 2026, 2027, 2028, and thereafter, respectively.

For our customer commitment arrangements, we estimate future revenues related to multi-year arrangements to be approximately $4.7 billion, of which approximately 21%, 25%, 21%, 17%, and 16% are expected to be recognized during the remainder of 2025, the full years 2026, 2027, 2028, and thereafter, respectively. These future revenues relate to performance obligations not yet satisfied, for which customers have committed to future purchases, net of the expected revenue reductions from consideration paid to customers and expected price adjustments, and as a result, are lower than stated contractual commitments by our customers.

Instrument Rental Arrangements. Revenues from instrument rental and reagent rental arrangements are recognized either as operating leases on a ratable basis over the term of the arrangement or as sales-type leases at the time of installation and customer acceptance. Customers typically pay for the right to use instruments under rental arrangements in equal monthly amounts over the term of the rental arrangement. For some arrangements, customers are provided with the right to purchase the instrument at the end of the lease term. Our reagent rental arrangements provide customers the right to use our instruments upon entering into multi-year arrangements to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables. These types of arrangements include an embedded lease for the right to use our instrument, and we determine the amount of lease revenue allocated to the instrument based on relative standalone selling prices. Lease revenues are presented in product revenue on our consolidated income statement. Lease revenue was approximately $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, including both operating leases and sales-type leases.

Sales-type Reagent Rental Arrangements. Our reagent rental arrangements that effectively transfers control of instruments to our customers are classified as sales-type leases, and we recognize instrument revenue and cost in advance of billing the customer, at the time of installation and customer acceptance. Our right to future consideration related to instrument revenue is recorded as a lease receivable within other current and long-term assets, and is transferred to accounts receivable when customers are billed for products and services over the term of the arrangement. On December 31, 2024, our lease receivable assets were $19.0 million, of which approximately $1.3 million was reclassified to accounts receivable when customers were billed for related products and services during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of new placements under sales-type reagent rental arrangements, net of subsequent amounts reclassified to accounts receivable, and allowances established for credit losses, our lease receivable assets were $18.0 million as of March 31, 2025. The impacts of discounting and unearned income as of March 31, 2025, were not material. Profit and loss recognized at the commencement date and interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not material. We monitor customer purchases over the term of their arrangement to assess the realizability of our lease receivable assets. Impairments during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not material.

Operating-type Reagent Rental Arrangements. Our reagent rental arrangements that do not effectively transfer control of instruments to our customers are classified as operating leases, and we recognize instrument revenue and costs ratably over the term of the arrangement. The cost of the instrument is capitalized within property and equipment. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we transferred instruments of $3.3 million, compared to $3.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, from inventory to property and equipment.

We estimate future revenue to be recognized related to our reagent rental arrangements of approximately $69.1 million, of which approximately 20%, 25%, 21%, 17%, and 17% are expected to be recognized during the remainder of 2025, and the full years 2026, 2027, 2028, and thereafter, respectively. These future revenues relate to performance obligations not yet satisfied for which customers have committed to future purchases, net of expected price adjustments, and as a result, may be lower than stated contractual commitments by our customers.

On December 31, 2024, our deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support was $25.2 million, of which approximately $16.0 million was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of new arrangements, our deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support was $25.8 million at March 31, 2025. We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that are part of contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, and do not adjust for the effect of the financing components when the period between customer payment and revenue recognition is one year or less. Deferred revenue related to extended warranties and post-contract support with an original duration of more than one year was $8.8 million at March 31, 2025, of which approximately 32%, 34%, 19%, 9%, and 6% are expected to be recognized during the remainder of 2025, and the full years 2026, 2027, 2028, and thereafter, respectively. We have determined these arrangements do not include a significant financing component.

On December 31, 2024, our deferred commission costs, included within other current and long-term assets, were $22.0 million, of which approximately $1.8 million of commission expense was recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Furthermore, as a result of commissions related to new extended warranties and SaaS subscriptions, net of subsequent recognition, our deferred commission costs were $22.8 million at March 31, 2025. Impairments of deferred commission costs during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not material.