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Segment Reporting
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting SEGMENT REPORTING
    We operate primarily through three business segments: diagnostic and information technology-based products and services for the veterinary market, which we refer to as CAG; water quality products (“Water”); and diagnostic products and services for livestock and poultry health and to ensure the quality and safety of milk and improve producer efficiency, which we refer to as LPD. Our Other operating segment combines and presents products for the human medical diagnostics market with our out-licensing arrangements because they do not meet the quantitative or qualitative thresholds for reportable segments. 

    Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision-maker (the "CODM"), or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our Chief Executive Officer. Our reportable segments include: CAG, Water, LPD, and Other. Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting purposes.

    CAG develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes products and performs services for veterinarians and the biomedical analytics market, primarily related to diagnostics and information management. Water develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes a range of products used in the detection of various microbiological parameters in water. LPD develops, designs, manufactures, and distributes diagnostic tests and related instrumentation and performs services that are used to manage the health status of livestock and poultry, to improve producer efficiency, and to ensure the quality and safety of milk and improve producer efficiency. OPTI Medical manufactures and distributes diagnostic products and provide services for the human medical diagnostics market.

    Intersegment revenues, which are not included in the table below, were not material for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

    Effective January 1, 2020, we modified our management reporting to the Chief Operating Decision Maker to provide a more comprehensive view of the performance of our operating segments by including costs that previously were not allocated to our segments. Prior to January 1, 2020, certain costs were not allocated to our operating segments and were instead reported under the caption “Unallocated Amounts”. These costs primarily consist of our R&D function, regional or country expenses and unusual items. Corporate support function costs (such as information technology, facilities, human resources, finance and legal), health benefits and incentive compensation were charged to our business segments at pre-determined budgeted amounts or rates. Beginning January 1, 2020, the segments reflect these actual costs allocated to the segment based on various allocation methods, including revenue and headcount. Foreign exchange losses on settlements of foreign currency denominated transactions are not allocated to our operating segments and are instead reported within our Other reporting segment. These management reporting changes did not have a material impact to our segment results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
    
    The following tables reflect adjustments to previously reported costs in our Unallocated segment, that are now allocated to our CAG, Water, LPD and Other segments:

    For the year ended December 31, 2019:
(in thousands)
CAGWaterLPDOtherUnallocated
Cost of sales$(247)$(11)$(14)$(6)$278 
Gross profit247 11 14 6 (278)
Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing$(239)$(11)$(13)$— $263 
General and administrative13,004 501 625 1,363 (15,493)
Research and development16,479 33 41 — (16,553)
Total operating expenses29,244 523 653 1,363 (31,783)
Income from operations$(28,997)$(512)$(639)$(1,357)$31,505 

    For the year ended December 31, 2018:

(in thousands)
CAGWaterLPDOtherUnallocated
Cost of sales$(1,540)$(69)$(87)$(35)$1,731 
Gross profit1,540 69 87 35 (1,731)
Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing$(574)$(25)$(32)$— $631 
General and administrative3,316 66 81 1,145 (4,608)
Research and development15,658 (4)(4)— (15,650)
Total operating expenses18,400 37 45 1,145 (19,627)
Income from operations$(16,860)$32 $42 $(1,110)$17,896 
    The following tables reflect the impact to previously reported segment gross profit margin, operating income margin and operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, due to the allocation of these costs to our CAG, Water, LPD and Other segments:

    For the year ended December 31, 2019:
CAGWaterLPDOther
Cost of sales— %— %— %— %
Gross profit— %— %— %— %
Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing— %— %— %— %
General and administrative0.6 %0.4 %0.5 %6.1 %
Research and development0.8 %— %— %— %
Total operating expenses1.4 %0.4 %0.5 %6.1 %
Income from operations(1.4)%(0.4)%(0.5)%(6.1)%

    For the year ended December 31, 2018:

CAGWaterLPDOther
Cost of sales(0.1)%(0.1)%(0.1)%(0.2)%
Gross profit0.1 %0.1 %0.1 %0.2 %
Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing— %— %— %— %
General and administrative0.2 %0.1 %0.1 %5.2 %
Research and development0.8 %— %— %— %
Total operating expenses1.0 %— %— %5.2 %
Income from operations(0.9)%— %— %(5.0)%
    The following is a summary of segment performance:
(in thousands)For the Years Ended December 31,
CAGWaterLPDOtherConsolidated Total
2020     
Revenue$2,385,765 $128,625 $145,845 $46,420 $2,706,655 
Income from operations$574,887 $58,867 $40,008 $20,762 $694,524 
Interest expense, net(32,539)
Income before provision for income taxes661,985 
Provision for income taxes79,854 
Net income582,131 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest355 
Net income attributable to IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. stockholders$581,776 
Depreciation and amortization$84,697 $2,630 $4,070 $4,601 $95,998 
2019
Revenue$2,119,183 $132,850 $132,635 $22,240 $2,406,908 
Income from operations$462,605 $61,923 $24,735 $3,583 $552,846 
Interest expense, net(30,628)
Income before provision for income taxes522,218 
Provision for income taxes94,426 
Net income427,792 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest72 
Net income attributable to IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. stockholders$427,720 
Depreciation and amortization$77,620 $2,794 $4,007 $3,590 $88,011 
2018
Revenue$1,935,428 $125,198 $130,581 $22,035 $2,213,242 
Income from operations$412,623 $56,639 $19,454 $2,619 $491,335 
Interest expense, net(33,593)
Income before provision for income taxes457,742 
Provision for income taxes80,695 
Net income377,047 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest16 
Net income attributable to IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. stockholders$377,031 
Depreciation and amortization$72,789 $2,592 $4,094 $3,703 $83,178 

    
    See "Note 3. Revenue Recognition" for a summary of disaggregated revenue by reportable segment and by major product and service category for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.    
    Net long-lived assets, consisting of net property and equipment, are subject to geographic risks because they are generally difficult to move and to effectively utilize in another geographic area in a reasonable time period and because they are relatively illiquid. Net long-lived assets by principal geographic areas were as follows:
(in thousands)
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
Americas  
United States$412,700 $401,248 
Brazil20,797 22,274 
Canada4,993 7,784 
438,490 431,306 
Europe, the Middle East and Africa
Germany67,354 52,032 
United Kingdom10,191 12,114 
Netherlands15,267 13,586 
France2,062 2,061 
Switzerland3,743 3,508 
Other3,668 3,395 
102,285 86,696 
Asia Pacific Region
Japan4,503 5,409 
Australia3,304 4,088 
Other6,585 6,346 
14,392 15,843 
Total$555,167 $533,845