<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>
    <schemaVersion>X0101</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType><periodOfReport>2003-06-04</periodOfReport>
    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0000874501</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>AMBAC FINANCIAL GROUP INC</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>ABK</issuerTradingSymbol></issuer><reportingOwner><reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001175992</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>UNGER LAURA S</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>  </rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>  </rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>  </rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>  </rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>  </rptOwnerZipCode>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
            <reportingOwnerRelationship>
<isDirector>1</isDirector><isOfficer>0</isOfficer><isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner><isOther>0</isOther></reportingOwnerRelationship></reportingOwner><nonDerivativeSecurity><securityTitle><value>Common Stock</value></securityTitle><transactionDate><value>2003-06-04</value></transactionDate><transactionCoding><transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType><transactionCode>A</transactionCode><equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved></transactionCoding><transactionAmounts><transactionShares><value>5</value><footnoteId id="F1"/></transactionShares><transactionValue><value>66.48</value></transactionValue><transactionAcquiredDisposedCode><value>A</value></transactionAcquiredDisposedCode></transactionAmounts><postTransactionAmounts><sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction><value>3005</value></sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction></postTransactionAmounts><ownershipNature><directOrIndirectOwnership><value>D</value></directOrIndirectOwnership><natureOfOwnership><value></value></natureOfOwnership></ownershipNature></nonDerivativeSecurity><footnotes><footnote id="F1">Represents dividends on Restricted Stock Units (&amp;quot;RSUs&amp;quot;) granted to the Reporting Person under the Issuer's 1997 Non-Employee Directors Equity Plan, as amended, which dividends are paid in the form of additional RSUs.</footnote></footnotes><ownerSignature><signatureName>Anne G. Gill, Attorney-in-fact for Laura S. Unger</signatureName><signatureDate>2003-06-05</signatureDate></ownerSignature></ownershipDocument>

