1. BACKGROUND AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION

Background:

Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (“Ambac” or the “Company”), headquartered in New York City, is a financial services holding company that was incorporated in the state of Delaware on April 29, 1991. On May 1, 2013 (the “Reorganization Effective Date”), Ambac emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection when the Second Modified Fifth Amended Plan of Reorganization of Ambac Financial Group, Inc. (the “Reorganization Plan”) became effective. On December 26, 2013, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the “Bankruptcy Court”) entered an order of final decree closing Ambac’s Chapter 11 case. Ambac filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code (the “Bankruptcy Code”) in the Bankruptcy Court on November 8, 2010 as a result of losses incurred since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007.

As provided for in the Reorganization Plan, Ambac’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and revised Bylaws became effective on the Reorganization Effective Date. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ambac, Ambac is authorized to issue 150,000,000 shares of capital stock, consisting of 130,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. Pursuant to the Reorganization Plan, Ambac distributed 45,000,000 shares of new common stock on May 1, 2013 and distributed warrants to holders of allowed general unsecured claims and subordinated debt securities, which as of the Reorganization Effective Date entitled such holders to acquire an additional 5,047,138 shares of new common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $16.67 per share at any time on or prior to April 30, 2023. The new common stock and warrants are listed on NASDAQ and trade under the symbols “AMBC” and “AMBCW,” respectively. All such common stock and warrants were issued without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or state securities laws, in reliance on Section 1145 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The common stock of the Company in existence prior to the Reorganization Effective Date was cancelled on the Reorganization Effective Date.

Ambac’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation limits voting and transfer rights of stockholders in significant ways. Article IV contains voting restrictions applicable to any person owning at least 10% of Ambac’s common stock so that such person (including any group consisting of such person and any other person with whom such person or any affiliate or associate of such person has any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with respect to acquiring, voting, holding or disposing of Ambac’s common stock) shall not be entitled to cast votes in excess of one vote less than 10% of the votes entitled to be cast by all common stock holders, except as otherwise approved by the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Wisconsin (“OCI” (which term shall be understood to refer to such office as regulator of Ambac Assurance and to refer to the Commissioner of Insurance for the State of Wisconsin as rehabilitator of the Segregated Account (the “Rehabilitator”), as the context requires)).

There are substantial restrictions on the ability to transfer Ambac’s common stock set forth in Article XII of Ambac’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. In order to preserve certain tax benefits, subject to limited exceptions, any attempted transfer of common stock shall be prohibited and void to the extent that, as a result of such transfer (or any series of transfers of which such transfer is a part), either (i) any person or group of persons shall become a holder of 5% or more of the Company’s common stock or (ii) the percentage stock ownership interest in Ambac of any holder of 5% or more of the Company’s common stock shall be increased (a “Prohibited Transfer”). These restrictions shall not apply to an attempted transfer if the transferor or the transferee obtains the written approval of Ambac’s Board of Directors to such transfer. A purported transferee of a Prohibited Transfer shall not be recognized as a stockholder of Ambac for any purpose whatsoever in respect of the securities which are the subject of the Prohibited Transfer (the “Excess Securities”). Until the Excess Securities are acquired by another person in a transfer that is not a Prohibited Transfer, the purported transferee of a Prohibited Transfer shall not be entitled with respect to such Excess Securities to any rights of stockholders of Ambac, including, without limitation, the right to vote such Excess Securities and to receive dividends or distributions, whether liquidating or otherwise, in respect thereof, if any. Once the Excess Securities have been acquired in a transfer that is not a Prohibited Transfer, the securities shall cease to be Excess Securities. If the Board determines that a transfer of securities constitutes a Prohibited Transfer then, upon written demand by Ambac, the purported transferee shall transfer or cause to be transferred any certificate or other evidence of ownership of the Excess Securities within the purported transferee’s possession or control, together with any distributions paid by Ambac with respect to such Excess Securities, to an agent designated by Ambac. Such agent shall thereafter sell such Excess Securities and the proceeds of such sale shall be distributed as set forth in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. If the purported transferee of a Prohibited Transfer has resold the Excess Securities before receiving such demand, such person shall be deemed to have sold the Excess Securities for Ambac’s agent and shall be required to transfer to such agent the proceeds of such sale, which shall be distributed as set forth in the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

As of the Reorganization Effective Date, the Company was generally discharged and released from all pre-Reorganization Effective Date debts, liabilities, claims, causes of action and interests in accordance with the provisions of the Reorganization Plan. Holders of claims and equity interests are also generally barred from commencing or continuing any action or proceeding relating to such claims, causes of action or interests. The Reorganization Plan also provides for broad exculpation and releases of the Company, Ambac Assurance, the Segregated Account (as defined below), OCI, the Rehabilitator, the board of directors and board committees of the Company and Ambac Assurance, all individual directors, officers and employees of the Company and Ambac Assurance, the Creditors’ Committee and the individual members thereof, and each of the respective representatives of such parties, for actions or omissions that occurred on or prior to the Reorganization Effective Date.

Business Description:

Ambac’s provides financial guarantee insurance policies through its principal operating subsidiary, Ambac Assurance Corporation (“Ambac Assurance” or "AAC") and its wholly owned subsidiary, Ambac Assurance UK Limited (“Ambac UK”), both of which have been in runoff since 2008. Insurance policies issued by Ambac Assurance and Ambac UK generally guarantee payment when due of the principal and interest on the obligations guaranteed. Ambac Assurance also has another wholly-owned subsidiary, Everspan Financial Guarantee Corp. (“Everspan”), which has been in runoff since its acquisition in 1997. Ambac Assurance’s ability to pay dividends and, as a result, Ambac’s liquidity, have been significantly restricted by the deterioration of Ambac Assurance's financial condition, by the rehabilitation of the Segregated Account (as defined below) and by the terms of the Settlement Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2010 (the "Settlement Agreement"), by and among Ambac Assurance, Ambac Credit Products LLC (“ACP”), Ambac and certain counterparties to credit default swaps with ACP that were guaranteed by Ambac Assurance. Ambac Assurance is also restricted in its ability to pay dividends pursuant to regulatory restrictions, the terms of its Auction Market Preferred Shares, and the terms of the Stipulation and Order (described below). It is highly unlikely that Ambac Assurance will be able to make dividend payments to Ambac for the foreseeable future.

Ambac also provides other financial products through subsidiaries of Ambac Assurance. These products consist of interest rate swaps, funding conduits and investment agreements (until the first quarter of 2017) that were provided principally to clients that were also provided financial guarantee policies. These financial products have been in active runoff since 2007.

Prior to the second quarter of 2017, Ambac had two reportable business segments: i) the financial guarantee segment, which consisted of financial guarantee insurance policies and credit derivative contracts and ii) the financial services segment which consisted of the other financial products discussed above. With respect to the financial services segment, there were significant swap commutations in June 2017. The remaining interest rate swaps, along with other interest rate derivatives, are managed to economically hedge interest rate risk in the financial guarantee and investment portfolios. The last remaining investment agreement matured in March 2017 and the remaining conduit transactions are not material. The significant wind-down of these financial products, along with the appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer effective January 1, 2017, has resulted in a change in how the Company manages its business. Management now reviews financial information, allocates resources and measures financial performance on a consolidated basis. As a result, beginning with the second quarter of 2017, the Company has a single reportable segment. All prior period amounts and disclosures have been adjusted to reflect the reportable segment change.

In February 2018, Ambac achieved one of its key strategic priorities, the exit from rehabilitation of the Segregated Account. Having accomplished this milestone, Ambac will continue to pursue and prioritize its remaining key strategic priorities, namely:


•	Active runoff of Ambac Assurance and its subsidiaries through transaction terminations, policy commutations, settlements and restructurings, with a focus on our watch list credits and known and potential future adversely classified credits, that we believe will improve our risk profile, and maximizing the risk-adjusted return on invested assets;


•	Ongoing rationalization of Ambac's and its subsidiaries' capital and liability structures;


•	Loss recovery through active litigation management and exercise of contractual and legal rights;


•	Ongoing review of organizational effectiveness and efficiency of the operating platform; and


•	Evaluation of opportunities in certain business sectors that meet acceptable criteria that will generate long-term stockholder value with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

With respect to our new business strategy, we have identified certain business sectors adjacent to Ambac's core business in which future opportunities will be evaluated. The evaluation will be conducted through a measured and disciplined approach to identify opportunities that are synergistic to Ambac, match Ambac's core competencies, are rapidly scalable or available through mergers and acquisitions and that may allow for the utilization of Ambac's net operating loss carry-forwards. Although we are exploring new business opportunities, no assurance can be given that we will be able to execute, or obtain the financial and other resources that may be required to finance, the acquisition or development of any new businesses or assets. Furthermore, the execution of Ambac’s strategy to increase the value of its investment in Ambac Assurance is subject to the rights of OCI under the Stipulation and Order, which requires OCI to approve certain actions taken by or in respect of Ambac Assurance. Opportunities for remediating losses on poorly performing insured transactions also depend on market conditions, including the perception of Ambac Assurance’s creditworthiness, the structure of the underlying risk and associated policy as well as other counterparty specific factors. Decisions by OCI could impair Ambac’s ability to execute certain of its strategies. Ambac Assurance's ability to commute policies or purchase certain investments may also be limited by available liquidity. Due to these factors, as well as uncertainties relating to the ability of Ambac Assurance to deliver value to Ambac, the value of our securities remains speculative.

The Segregated Account

In March 2010, Ambac Assurance established a Segregated Account pursuant to Wisc. Stat. §611.24 (2) (the “Segregated Account”) to segregate certain segments of Ambac Assurance’s liabilities, and OCI commenced rehabilitation proceedings in the Dane County, Wisconsin Circuit Court (the “Rehabilitation Court”) with respect to the Segregated Account (the “Segregated Account Rehabilitation Proceedings”) in order to permit OCI to facilitate an orderly run-off and/or settlement of the liabilities allocated to the Segregated Account pursuant to the provisions of the Wisconsin Insurers Rehabilitation and Liquidation Act. On October 8, 2010, OCI filed a plan of rehabilitation for the Segregated Account (the “Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan”) in the Rehabilitation Court. The Rehabilitation Court confirmed the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan on January 24, 2011. On June 11, 2014, the Rehabilitation Court approved amendments to the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan and the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan, as amended, became effective on June 12, 2014. Net par exposure as of December 31, 2017 for policies allocated to the Segregated Account was $9,246,357. Policy obligations not allocated to the Segregated Account remained in the General Account of Ambac Assurance, and such policies in the General Account were not subject to and, therefore, were not directly impacted by the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan.

Rehabilitation Exit Transactions

On July 19, 2017, Ambac Assurance and Ambac entered into an agreement (as amended as of September 21, 2017, the “Rehabilitation Exit Support Agreement”) with holders or beneficial owners (the “Supporting Holders”) of surplus notes issued by Ambac Assurance and beneficial interests in Deferred Amounts (as defined in the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan) of the Segregated Account with respect to a transaction which, subject to the conditions precedent set forth in the Rehabilitation Exit Support Agreement, and if consummated, would generally involve (i) the exchange of certain surplus notes held by holders of surplus notes that elect to participate in a voluntary exchange transaction and (ii) the satisfaction and discharge of all Deferred Amounts, in each case for an effective consideration package comprised of cash and new Secured Notes (as defined below) and certain existing surplus notes and (iii) the exit from rehabilitation of the Segregated Account and the merger of the Segregated Account with and into Ambac Assurance (the “Rehabilitation Exit Transactions”).

On September 25, 2017 the Rehabilitator filed a motion in the Rehabilitation Court seeking entry of an order approving an amendment to the Segregated Account Rehabilitation Plan (the "Second Amended Plan of Rehabilitation"). Following the conclusion of a Confirmation Hearing on January 22, 2018, the Rehabilitation Court entered an order granting the Rehabilitator's motion and confirming the Second Amended Plan of Rehabilitation. On February 12, 2018 (the "Effective Date"), the Second Amended Plan of Rehabilitation became effective and the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions were consummated.

The Rehabilitation Exit Transactions involved a series of transactions which provided holders of beneficial interests in Deferred Amounts (other than Ambac, but including Ambac Assurance) a total effective consideration package, in full satisfaction and discharge of each $1.00 of Deferred Amounts (including accretion), of (i) $0.40 in cash, (ii) $0.41 in principal amount of new Secured Notes (as defined below) and (iii) from certain holders of surplus notes, $0.125 currently outstanding surplus notes. Such consideration package thereby provided a discount of $0.065 (applied first against accretion of Deferred Amounts). Ambac received $0.91 in principal amount of Secured Notes for each $1.00 of Deferred Amounts (including accretion) that it held, and provided a $0.09 discount in full satisfaction and discharge of its Deferred Amount claims.

In accordance with the Rehabilitation Exit Support Agreement, the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions also involved a series of interrelated transactions involving the exchange of certain surplus notes (collectively, the “Exchange Offers”), pursuant to which, for each $1.00 of principal amount outstanding and accrued and unpaid interest thereon, holders effectively (i) received $0.40 in cash, (ii) received $0.41 in principal amount of Secured Notes, (iii) retained $0.125 in principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon of surplus notes and (iv) provided a discount of $0.065 in principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest thereon. Ambac did not participate in the Exchange Offers. An aggregate of 99.6% of the surplus notes held by the Supporting Holders and parties other than Ambac and Ambac Assurance participated both in the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions and in the Exchange Offers.

As part of the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions, Ambac and Ambac Assurance received consents from holders of surplus notes to a waiver and amendment (the “BSA Waiver and Amendment”) of certain provisions of the Settlement Agreement. The BSA Waiver and Amendment included a waiver of compliance with any and all restrictions, limitations and other provisions set forth in Section 3.04 of the Settlement Agreement that could have directly or indirectly prohibited, restricted or limited in any manner the consummation or effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions regardless of whether such a waiver was actually required in order to consummate or effect such transactions. Among other provisions, the BSA Waiver and Amendment also includes amendments to the Settlement Agreement that eliminate the requirement for Ambac Assurance to have Unaffiliated Qualified Directors on its Board of Directors; eliminate the prohibition on new business; modify the restrictions on the incurrence of indebtedness and other material obligations; modify the restrictions on liens securing permitted indebtedness; modify restrictions applicable to junior surplus notes; and modify restrictions on mergers or similar transactions. After giving effect to the BSA Waiver and Amendment, the Settlement Agreement continues to limit certain activities of Ambac Assurance and its subsidiaries, such as issuing indebtedness; engaging in mergers and similar transactions; disposing of assets; making restricted payments; creating or permitting liens; engaging in transactions with affiliates; modifying or creating tax sharing agreements; and taking certain actions with respect to surplus notes (among other restrictions and limitations). The Settlement Agreement includes certain allowances with respect to these activities and generally requires the approval of OCI and, in some cases, holders of surplus notes issued pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, for consents, waivers or amendments.

As contemplated by the Rehabilitation Exit Support Agreement and as a portion of the consideration received by holders of beneficial interests in Deferred Amounts (including Ambac Assurance) in satisfaction and discharge of their claims pursuant to the Second Amended Plan of Rehabilitation and by holders of surplus notes pursuant to the Exchange Offers (as specified above), a newly formed special purpose entity (Ambac LSNI, LLC) issued new secured notes (the “Secured Notes”), secured by all assets of the special purpose entity, which include a note issued by Ambac Assurance to the special purpose entity (the "Ambac Note"), which note is secured by a pledge of Ambac Assurance’s right, title and interest in up to the first $1,400,000 of proceeds (net of reinsurance) from certain litigations in which Ambac Assurance seeks redress for breaches of representations and warranties and/or fraud related to residential mortgage-backed securitizations (the “RMBS Litigations”). In addition, the Ambac Note is secured by securities having a market value of approximately $350,000. Ambac Assurance also pledged for the benefit of the holders of Secured Notes (other than Ambac Assurance) the proceeds of the Secured Notes held by Ambac Assurance from time to time, and issued a financial guaranty insurance policy to a trustee for the benefit of holders of Secured Notes irrevocably guarantying all principal and interest payments in respect of the Secured Notes as and when such payments become due and owing.

Until the earlier of (i) June 8, 2020 and (ii) the date on which at least 25% of the principal amount of surplus notes (other than junior surplus notes) are no longer outstanding, Ambac has agreed to hold and not sell surplus notes (other than junior surplus notes) which, as of June 30, 2017, have an aggregate of $60,000 of principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest outstanding.

In connection with the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions, certain documents and instruments relating to the operation of the Segregated Account or the rights of the Segregated Account and the Rehabilitator were terminated, including the Plan of Operation for the Segregated Account; the Secured Note issued by Ambac Assurance to the Segregated Account; the Aggregate Excess of Loss Reinsurance Agreement between Ambac Assurance, as reinsurer, and the Segregated Account; the Management Services Agreement between Ambac Assurance and the Segregated Account; the Cooperation Agreement among Ambac Assurance, Ambac, the Segregated Account and the Rehabilitator; and the Mediation Agreement dated September 21, 2011 among Ambac, Ambac Assurance, the Segregated Account, the Rehabilitator, OCI and the official committee of unsecured creditors of Ambac.

Surplus Note Interest Payment

In connection with the consummation of the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions, Ambac Assurance received the approval of the OCI to make a one-time current interest payment of $13,501 on the surplus notes (other than junior surplus notes) outstanding immediately following the Effective Date. On February 12, Ambac Assurance notified the fiscal agent for the surplus notes that the record date for such interest payment would be February 28, 2018 and the payment date would be March 1, 2018.

Tier 2 Financing

On the Effective Date, Ambac Assurance issued $240,000 of senior notes (the “Tier 2 Notes”) secured by Ambac Assurance’s rights, title and interest in the cash and non-cash proceeds (net of reinsurance) above $1,600,000 received in connection with the RMBS Litigations.

Following the consummation of the Rehabilitation Exit Transactions, Ambac Assurance will seek to further improve its financial condition by continuing to pursue asset monetizations; loss recoveries; restructurings, purchases, modifications or exchanges of certain outstanding obligations; extinguishment or modification of certain contractual restrictions; and/or commuting or reducing insured exposures. Separately from or in connection with the actions described above, we may seek to further optimize our capital and corporate structure to unlock shareholder value.

Stipulation and Order

A Stipulation and Order, the terms of which were agreed between OCI, Ambac and Ambac Assurance, became effective upon the Effective Date (the "Stipulation and Order") and provides as follows:

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Ambac Assurance shall maintain a level of surplus and contingency reserves as regards policyholders which provides reasonable security against contingencies affecting its financial position that are not otherwise fully covered by reserves or reinsurance, such that the Commissioner may continue to determine that Ambac Assurance’s surplus and contingency reserves are reasonably in excess of a level that would constitute a financially hazardous condition.


•	Statutory surplus may not reflect the benefit of any reserve discounting, except to the extent approved by the Commissioner.


•	Ambac Assurance may not enter any transactions with affiliates, including the payment of a dividend or other distribution, without the approval of the Commissioner, subject to limited exceptions.


•	Ambac Assurance may not change its business plan or that of Everspan, including but not limited to the writing of new business, unless approved by the Commissioner.


•	Ambac Assurance must obtain OCI approval with respect to the exercise of certain control rights in connection with policies that had been allocated to the Segregated Account.


•	Ambac Assurance must obtain OCI approval with respect to any transaction Ambac Assurance proposes to enter into other than in ordinary course of business with non-affiliated counterparties where the aggregate consideration to be paid by Ambac Assurance is equal to or greater than $100,000.


•	Ambac Assurance must obtain OCI approval for any change to its Investment Policy or Derivative Use Plan.


•	Ambac Assurance must provide OCI with a monthly report of financial information, the scope of which is to be determined.

•

Ambac Assurance shall provide, and Ambac shall also provide, notice to the Commissioner within ten (10) days of receipt of any communication from any governmental authority, government-sponsored enterprise, or lender to Ambac Assurance, Ambac, or any affiliates which pertains to a circumstance, event or issue which would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or operations of Ambac Assurance and its subsidiaries taken as whole.


•	Ambac Assurance shall provide notice as soon as practicable of any development in any litigation, including any delay in RMBS litigation, involving Ambac Assurance or any affiliate of Ambac Assurance which would or would be reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on Ambac Assurance.

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Ambac Assurance shall provide notice to the Commissioner of the occurrence, or failure to occur, of any event which would or would be reasonably likely to cause a material adverse effect to the business, assets, properties, operations, or condition, financial or otherwise, or, insofar as can reasonably be foreseen, prospects, financial or otherwise, of Ambac Assurance, an affiliate of Ambac Assurance, or Ambac Assurance and all affiliates taken as a whole. A material adverse effect shall be conclusively presumed if the effect results, or reasonably could result, in a reduction of more than 10% in Ambac Assurance’s surplus as regards policyholders.


•	Ambac Assurance shall disclose, and Ambac shall disclose, to the Commissioner any instance of fraud or any significant change to the internal control environment incurred by Ambac Assurance, any of its subsidiaries, or Ambac.

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If Ambac Assurance proposes to make any changes in the assumptions or vendors utilized in determining statutory loss reserves from the prior year’s statutory loss reserves which would cause the difference (whether positive or negative) between (a) Ambac Assurance’s statutory reserves determined with such proposed changes and (b) Ambac Assurance’s statutory reserves determined without such proposed changes to exceed the lesser of (i) $200,000 or (ii) 10% of Ambac Assurance’s statutory loss reserves without such proposed changes, Ambac Assurance shall notify the Commissioner.


•	Ambac shall use its best efforts to preserve use of net operating loss carry-forwards for the benefit of Ambac Assurance and its subsidiaries, including but not limited to, refraining from taking any action that would result in, and taking such affirmative steps as are appropriate to avoid, any deconsolidation event.


•	Ambac shall provide the Commissioner and Ambac Assurance its full cooperation in relation to any issues that Ambac Assurance or its subsidiaries may have relative to the United States Internal Revenue Service, including efforts to obtain a private letter ruling, pre-filing agreement, or other form of guidance or clarification.

The Commissioner reserves the right to modify or terminate the Stipulation and Order in a manner consistent with the interests of policyholders, creditors and the public generally, and recognizes that Ambac Assurance may request the Commissioner to do so periodically as conditions warrant.