<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?><InstanceReport xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><Version>2.2.0.25</Version><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios><ReportLongName>1010 - Disclosure - BASIS OF PRESENTATION</ReportLongName><DisplayLabelColumn>true</DisplayLabelColumn><ShowElementNames>false</ShowElementNames><RoundingOption /><HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports><Columns><Column><Id>1</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><LabelColumn>false</LabelColumn><CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode><FootnoteIndexer /><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios><MCU><KeyName>1/1/2011 - 3/31/2011
USD ($)

USD ($) / shares

</KeyName><CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol><contextRef><ContextID>D2011Q1</ContextID><EntitySchema>http://www.sec.gov/CIK</EntitySchema><EntityValue>0000873364</EntityValue><PeriodDisplayName /><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><PeriodStartDate>2011-01-01T00:00:00</PeriodStartDate><PeriodEndDate>2011-03-31T00:00:00</PeriodEndDate><Segments /><Scenarios /></contextRef><UPS><UnitProperty><UnitID>USD</UnitID><UnitType>Standard</UnitType><StandardMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace></StandardMeasure><Scale>0</Scale></UnitProperty><UnitProperty><UnitID>USDPerShare</UnitID><UnitType>Divide</UnitType><NumeratorMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace></NumeratorMeasure><DenominatorMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace></DenominatorMeasure><Scale>0</Scale></UnitProperty><UnitProperty><UnitID>Shares</UnitID><UnitType>Standard</UnitType><StandardMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace></StandardMeasure><Scale>0</Scale></UnitProperty></UPS><CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode><OriginalCurrencyCode>USD</OriginalCurrencyCode></MCU><CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol><Labels><Label Id="1" Label="3 Months Ended" /><Label Id="2" Label="Mar. 31, 2011" /></Labels></Column></Columns><Rows><Row><Id>2</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle><Level>0</Level><ElementName>ceph_BasisOfPresentationDisclosureAbstract</ElementName><ElementPrefix>ceph</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>false</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsTuple>false</IsTuple><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><PreferredLabelRole /><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText /><NonNumericTextHeader /><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios></Cell></Cells><OriginalInstanceReportColumns /><Unit>Other</Unit><ElementDataType>xbrli:stringItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><IsEPS>false</IsEPS><Label>BASIS OF PRESENTATION</Label></Row><Row><Id>3</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><Level>0</Level><ElementName>us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock</ElementName><ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsTuple>false</IsTuple><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><PreferredLabelRole>terselabel</PreferredLabelRole><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText>&lt;table style="font-size:10pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',times,serif;"&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold" size="2"&gt;1.&amp;nbsp; BASIS OF PRESENTATION&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (&amp;#147;U.S. GAAP&amp;#148;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form&amp;nbsp;10-Q and Article&amp;nbsp;10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnote disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form&amp;nbsp;10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &amp;#147;SEC&amp;#148;), which includes audited financial statements as of December&amp;nbsp;31, 2010 and 2009 and for each of the three years in the period ended December&amp;nbsp;31, 2010. The results of our operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of our operations for any other interim period or for a full year.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-WEIGHT: bold" size="2"&gt;Recent Accounting Pronouncements&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;In October&amp;nbsp;2009, the FASB issued revised accounting guidance for multiple-deliverable arrangements.&amp;nbsp; The amendment requires that arrangement considerations be allocated at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method and provides for expanded disclosures related to such arrangements.&amp;nbsp; It is effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June&amp;nbsp;15, 2010.&amp;nbsp; We adopted this guidance for agreements entered into or materially modified after January&amp;nbsp;1, 2011.&amp;nbsp; The adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements; however, this guidance may impact the timing of revenue recognition related to certain arrangements entered into prospectively.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;In March&amp;nbsp;2010, the FASB issued revised accounting guidance for milestone revenue recognition. The new guidance recognizes the milestone method as an acceptable revenue recognition method for substantive milestones in research or development transactions. It is effective on a prospective basis to milestones achieved in fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after June&amp;nbsp;15, 2010.&amp;nbsp; We adopted this guidance beginning with agreements entered into after January&amp;nbsp;1, 2011. The adoption did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"&gt;&lt;font style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; FONT-SIZE: 10pt" size="2"&gt;The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, imposes an annual fee on the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry for each calendar year beginning on or after January&amp;nbsp;1, 2011. In accordance with guidance issued by the FASB, we will estimate and record the liability for the fee in full upon the first qualifying sale each calendar year and will record a corresponding deferred cost to be amortized to operating expense using a straight-line method of allocation over the remaining calendar year.&amp;nbsp; We have recorded an estimated liability on our consolidated balance sheet of $10.4 million for the 2011 annual fee.&amp;nbsp; For the quarter ended March&amp;nbsp;31, 2011, we expensed&amp;nbsp; $2.6 million related to the 2011 annual fee.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</NonNumbericText><NonNumericTextHeader>1.&amp;nbsp; BASIS OF PRESENTATION
&amp;nbsp;
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles</NonNumericTextHeader><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios></Cell></Cells><OriginalInstanceReportColumns /><Unit>Other</Unit><ElementDataType>us-types:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>Description containing the entire organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows.  Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements.</ElementDefenition><ElementReferences>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name FASB Staff Position (FSP)
 -Number FAS140-4 and FIN46(R)-8
 -Paragraph 8, C1, C7

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher AICPA
 -Name Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB)
 -Number 51
 -Paragraph 2-6

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher AICPA
 -Name Statement of Position (SOP)
 -Number 94-6
 -Paragraph 10

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name FASB Interpretation (FIN)
 -Number 46R
 -Paragraph 4, 14, 15

</ElementReferences><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><IsEPS>false</IsEPS><Label>BASIS OF PRESENTATION</Label></Row></Rows><Footnotes /><NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols><NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows><ReportName>BASIS OF PRESENTATION</ReportName><MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel><SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel><PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel><ExchangeRateRoundingLevel>UnKnown</ExchangeRateRoundingLevel><HasCustomUnits>false</HasCustomUnits><SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded></InstanceReport>
