Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	(7) Income Taxes We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 81.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to an effective rate of 28.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was unfavorably impacted by the relatively low level and mix of pre-tax earnings, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, including the recognition of a discrete valuation allowance in Germany, and the French business tax. The French business tax had a more significant unfavorable impact in the quarter due to French pre-tax earnings decreasing at a greater rate than revenues, which is the primary basis for the tax calculation. The effective tax rate of 81.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was significantly higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the factors noted above. We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 407.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to an effective rate of 34.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was unfavorably impacted by the relatively low level and mix of pre-tax earnings, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, including the recognition of a discrete valuation allowance in Germany, the non-deductible goodwill impairment charge in Germany, and the French business tax. The effective tax rate of 407.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was significantly higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the factors noted above. As of September 30, 2020, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $68.2 that would favorably impact the effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2019, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $69.5. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months. We conduct business globally in various countries and territories. We are routinely audited by the tax authorities of the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. Generally, the tax years that could be subject to examination are 2013 through 2020 for our major operations in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. As of September 30, 2020, we are subject to tax audits in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel and the United States. We believe that the resolution of these audits will not have a material impact on earnings.

Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2020

(7) Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 81.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to an effective rate of 28.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was unfavorably impacted by the relatively low level and mix of pre-tax earnings, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, including the recognition of a discrete valuation allowance in Germany, and the French business tax. The French business tax had a more significant unfavorable impact in the quarter due to French pre-tax earnings decreasing at a greater rate than revenues, which is the primary basis for the tax calculation. The effective tax rate of 81.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was significantly higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the factors noted above.

We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 407.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to an effective rate of 34.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The 2020 rate was unfavorably impacted by the relatively low level and mix of pre-tax earnings, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, including the recognition of a discrete valuation allowance in Germany, the non-deductible goodwill impairment charge in Germany, and the French business tax. The effective tax rate of 407.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was significantly higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the factors noted above.

As of September 30, 2020, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $68.2 that would favorably impact the effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2019, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $69.5. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.

We conduct business globally in various countries and territories. We are routinely audited by the tax authorities of the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. Generally, the tax years that could be subject to examination are 2013 through 2020 for our major operations in France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. As of September 30, 2020, we are subject to tax audits in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Israel and the United States. We believe that the resolution of these audits will not have a material impact on earnings.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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