Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

(7) Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 34.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to an effective rate of 31.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The 2024 rate was unfavorably impacted by the lower level and overall mix of earnings and partially offset by the scheduled reduction in the French business tax rate from 0.38% to 0.28% effective January 1, 2024. The 34.9% effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2024 was higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the French business tax, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, and the overall mix of earnings.

We recorded income tax expense at an effective rate of 33.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to an effective rate of 30.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The 2024 rate was unfavorably impacted by the lower level and overall mix of earnings and partially offset by the scheduled reduction in the French business tax rate from 0.38% to 0.28% effective January 1, 2024. The 33.4% effective tax rate for the first half of 2024 was higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the French business tax, tax losses in certain countries for which we did not recognize a corresponding tax benefit due to valuation allowances, and the overall mix of earnings.

We had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $35.2 as of June 30, 2024. If recognized, the entire amount would favorably affect the effective tax rate except for $6.0. As of December 31, 2023, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $32.8.

We conduct business globally in various countries and territories. We are routinely audited by the tax authorities of the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. Generally, the tax years that could be subject to examination are 2017 through 2024 for our major operations in France, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States. As of June 30, 2024, we were subject to tax audits in Australia, Austria, France, Germany, India, Israel, Spain and the United States. We believe that the resolution of these audits will not have a material impact on earnings.