Retirement and Deferred Compensation Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Changes in Benefit Obligations and the Statement of Funded Status of Plan

The reconciliation of the changes in the plans’ benefit obligations, the fair value of plan assets and the funded status of the plans are as follows:

	United States Plans						Non-United States Plans
Year Ended December 31		2023		2022				2023		2022
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning of year	$	20.5		$	26.0		$	632.3		$	897.9
Service cost		—			—			15.5			19.4
Interest cost		1.0			0.5			20.1			8.2
Settlements		—			—			(66.4	)		(57.4	)
Transfers		—			—			26.9			31.1
Actuarial (gain) loss		(0.1	)		(3.7	)		43.3			(218.7	)
Plan participant contributions		—			—			12.4			13.0
Benefits paid		(2.2	)		(2.3	)		(14.2	)		(11.4	)
Currency exchange rate changes		—			—			43.3			(49.8	)
Benefit obligation, end of year	$	19.2		$	20.5		$	713.2		$	632.3

	United States Plans						Non-United States Plans
Year Ended December 31		2023		2022				2023		2022
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets, beginning of year	$	—		$	—		$	547.8		$	762.5
Actual return on plan assets		—			—			30.3			(166.7	)
Settlements		—			—			(66.4	)		(57.4	)
Transfers		—			—			28.4			31.8
Plan participant contributions		—			—			12.4			13.0
Company contributions		2.2			2.3			17.6			17.1
Benefits paid		(2.2	)		(2.3	)		(14.2	)		(11.4	)
Currency exchange rate changes		—			—			40.4			(41.1	)
Fair value of plan assets, end of year	$	—		$	—		$	596.3		$	547.8
Funded Status at End of Year
Funded status, end of year	$	(19.2	)	$	(20.5	)	$	(117.0	)	$	(84.5	)
Amounts Recognized
Noncurrent assets	$	—		$	—		$	8.8		$	26.6
Current liabilities		(2.2	)		(2.4	)		(1.0	)		(1.2	)
Noncurrent liabilities		(17.0	)		(18.1	)		(124.8	)		(109.9	)
Net amount recognized	$	(19.2	)	$	(20.5	)	$	(117.0	)	$	(84.5	)

The reconciliation of the changes in the plan’s benefit obligation and the statement of the funded status of the plan were as follows:

Year Ended December 31	2023			2022
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation, beginning of year	$	11.5		$	14.1
Interest cost		0.5			0.3
Actuarial gain		(1.0	)		(2.1	)
Benefits paid		(0.8	)		(0.8	)
Benefit obligation, end of year	$	10.2		$	11.5
Funded Status at End of Year
Funded status, end of year	$	(10.2	)	$	(11.5	)
Amounts Recognized
Current liabilities	$	(1.1	)	$	(1.2	)
Noncurrent liabilities		(9.1	)		(10.3	)
Net amount recognized	$	(10.2	)	$	(11.5	)

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, consisted of:

	United States Plans				Non-United States Plans
Year Ended December 31		2023	2022			2023	2022
Net loss	$	4.0	$	4.5	$	26.9	$	4.6
Prior service cost		—		—		5.1		3.1
Total	$	4.0	$	4.5	$	32.0	$	7.7

Schedule of Plans With Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets

The accumulated benefit obligation for some of our plans exceeded the fair value of plan assets as follows:

December 31		2023	2022
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	129.9	$	113.4
Plan assets		89.0		76.8

Schedule of Plans With Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets

The projected benefit obligation (PBO) for all qualified defined benefit pension plans was $732.4 and $652.8 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The PBO for some of our plans exceeded the fair value of plan assets as follows:

December 31		2023	2022
Projected benefit obligation	$	137.8	$	117.4
Plan assets		92.6		76.8

Schedule of Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost and Other Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of the net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for all plans were as follows:

Year Ended December 31		2023		2022			2021
Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost	$	15.5		$	19.4		$	22.0
Interest cost		21.1			8.7			6.1
Expected return on assets		(19.0	)		(14.7	)		(12.2	)
Settlements		6.7			2.7			1.0
Net (gain) loss		(3.3	)		1.8			4.6
Prior service cost		0.7			0.7			0.7
Net periodic benefit cost		21.7			18.6			22.2
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligation Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income/Loss
Net loss (gain)		31.9			(40.9	)		(60.0	)
Prior service credit		(1.2	)		(0.2	)		—
Amortization of net loss		(3.7	)		(5.0	)		(5.6	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(0.7	)		(0.7	)		(0.7	)
Total recognized in other comprehensive income/loss		26.3			(46.8	)		(66.3	)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income/loss	$	48.0		$	(28.2	)	$	(44.1	)

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The components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss for this plan were as follows:

Year Ended December 31	2023			2022			2021
Net Periodic Benefit Credit
Interest cost	$	0.5		$	0.3		$	0.2
Net loss		—			0.2			0.2
Prior service credit		(0.8	)		(0.8	)		(0.8	)
Net periodic benefit credit	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.4	)
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income/Loss
Net (gain) loss	$	(1.0	)	$	(2.0	)	$	0.2
Amortization of net loss		—			(0.2	)		(0.2	)
Amortization of prior service credit		0.8			0.8			0.8
Total recognized in other comprehensive income/loss		(0.2	)		(1.4	)		0.8
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive income/loss	$	(0.5	)	$	(1.7	)	$	0.4

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions Used in Measurement of Benefit Obligation and Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the benefit obligation were as follows:

	United States Plans						Non-United States Plans
Year Ended December 31		2023		2022				2023		2022
Discount rate		5.2	%		5.4	%		2.7	%		3.2	%
Rate of compensation increase		1.4	%		1.3	%		1.9	%		1.9	%

The weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the net periodic benefit cost were as follows:

	United States Plans									Non-United States Plans
Year Ended December 31		2023		2022			2021				2023		2022			2021
Discount rate		5.4	%		2.6	%		2.1	%		3.2	%		1.0	%		0.6	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	N/A			N/A			N/A				3.5	%		2.2	%		1.8	%
Rate of compensation increase		1.3	%		1.3	%		—	%		1.9	%		1.7	%		1.7	%
Interest crediting rates for cash balance plans	N/A			N/A			N/A				2.6	%		0.5	%		1.9	%

Schedule of Fair Value of Plan Assets By Asset Category

The fair value of our pension plan assets by asset category was as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset Category
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6.9	$	6.9	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Mutual funds		137.6		137.6		—		—
Common stock		34.0		34.0		—		—
Fixed income instruments:
Fixed income funds		125.6		—		125.6		—
Annuity contract		35.4		—		—		35.4
Guaranteed insurance contracts		23.4		—		23.4		—
Other types of investments:
Real estate funds		99.6		—		98.2		1.4
Insurance contracts		82.6		—		—		82.6
Hedge funds		29.1		—		12.4		16.7
Other		22.1		—		3.9		18.2
	$	596.3	$	178.5	$	263.5	$	154.3

	Fair Value Measurements Using
	December 31, 2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Asset Category
Cash and cash equivalents	$	18.3	$	18.3	$	—	$	—
Equity securities:
Mutual funds		114.5		114.5		—		—
Common stock		29.0		29.0		—		—
Fixed income instruments:
Fixed income funds		73.7		—		73.7		—
Bonds		38.0		—		38.0		—
Annuity contract		33.5		—		—		33.5
Guaranteed insurance contracts		21.3		—		21.3		—
Other types of investments:
Real estate funds		95.3		—		94.0		1.3
Insurance contracts		76.7		—		—		76.7
Hedge funds		28.7		—		13.5		15.2
Other		18.8		—		3.3		15.5
	$	547.8	$	161.8	$	243.8	$	142.2

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Pension Assets Measured Using Level 3 Inputs

The following table summarizes the changes in fair value of the pension assets that are measured using Level 3 inputs. We determined that transfers between fair-value-measurement levels occurred on the date of the event that caused the transfer.

Year Ended December 31	2023			2022
Balance, beginning of year	$	142.2		$	206.5
Actual return on plan assets		5.6			(61.2	)
Purchases, sales and settlements, net		(0.7	)		7.4
Currency exchange rate changes		7.2			(10.5	)
Balance, end of year	$	154.3		$	142.2

Schedule of Projected Future Benefit Payments

During 2024, we plan to contribute approximately $16.4 to our pension plans and to fund our retiree health care payments as incurred. Projected benefit payments from the plans as of December 31, 2023 were estimated as follows:

Year	Pension Plans		Retiree Health Care Plan
2024	$	72.2	$	1.1
2025		46.5		1.1
2026		36.7		1.0
2027		31.5		1.0
2028		28.9		0.9
2029–2033		176.9		4.1
Total projected benefit payments	$	392.7	$	9.2