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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
(6) Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax expense at an effective rate of 44.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2013, as compared to an effective rate of 50.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2012. The 2013 rate was favorably impacted by the 2012 United States Federal Work Opportunity Credit ("WOTC") which was enacted in January of 2013, retroactive to January 1, 2012, and unfavorably impacted by the restructuring charges in the quarter (which have a relatively lower effective tax rate benefit) and the French business tax. Excluding these items, our tax rate for the first quarter of 2013 and 2012 would have been approximately 32% and 38%, respectively. The rate decreased for 2013 primarily due to the tax effects of repatriations from non-United States entities and a lower amount of non-United States taxes. The 44.3% effective tax rate in the quarter was higher than the United States Federal statutory rate of 35%, and we currently expect an annual effective tax rate of approximately 40%, due primarily to the impact of valuation allowances, other permanent items and the French business tax.

As of March 31, 2013, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $28.6. We had related tax benefits of $2.5, and the net amount of $26.1 would favorably affect the effective tax rate if recognized. As of December 31, 2012, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits related to various tax jurisdictions, including interest and penalties, of $28.5. We had related tax benefits of $2.5 for a net amount of $26.0. We do not expect our unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.
 
We conduct business globally and, as a result, we are routinely audited by the various tax jurisdictions in which we operate. Generally, the tax years that remain subject to tax examination are 2009 through 2011 for our major operations in Germany, Italy, France, Japan, United States and United Kingdom. As of March 31, 2013, we are subject to tax audits in France, Germany, Denmark, Austria, Italy, Norway and Spain. We believe that the resolution of these audits will not have a material impact on earnings.