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Note 7 - Financial Instruments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Notes to Financial Statements  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]
7.
Financial Instruments
 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized into
one
of
three
different levels depending on the observability of the inputs employed in the measurement. The
three
levels are defined as follows:
 
 
Level
1
– inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
 
Level
2
- inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 
Level
3
- inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
 
A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. We are further required to assess the creditworthiness of the counter-party to the derivative contract. The results of the assessment of non-performance risk, based on the counter-party’s credit risk, could result in an adjustment of the carrying value of the derivative instrument. The following tables sets forth information about our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of
March 31, 2020
 and
December 31, 2019
, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by us to determine such fair value:
 
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
   
Balance as of March 31, 2020
 
Assets:
                               
NYMEX fixed price derivative contracts
  $
    $
69,533
    $
    $
69,533
 
NYMEX basis differential swap contracts    
     
     
1,275
     
1,275
 
Total Assets
  $
    $
69,533
    $
1,275
    $
70,808
 
                                 
Liabilities:                                
NYMEX fixed price derivative contracts
  $
    $
    $
    $
-
 
NYMEX basis differential swaps
   
     
     
800
     
800
 
Total Liabilities
  $
    $
-
    $
800
    $
800
 
 
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
   
Balance as of December 31, 2019
 
Assets:
                               
NYMEX fixed price derivative contracts
  $
    $
4,253
    $
    $
4,253
 
Total Assets
  $
    $
4,253
    $
    $
4,253
 
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
NYMEX fixed price derivative contracts
  $
    $
5,583
    $
    $
5,583
 
NYMEX basis differential swaps
   
     
     
6,104
     
6,104
 
Total Liabilities
  $
    $
5,583
    $
6,104
    $
11,687
 
 
As of 
March 31, 2020
and 
December 31, 2019
our derivative contracts consisted of NYMEX-based fixed price swaps and basis differential swaps. Under fixed price swaps, we receive a fixed price for our production and pay a variable market price to the contract counter-party. Under basis swaps, if the market price is above the fixed price, we pay the counter-party, if the market price is below the fixed price, the counter-party pays us. The NYMEX-based fixed price derivative swaps and basis differential swap contracts are indexed to NYMEX futures contracts, which are actively traded, for the underlying commodity and are commonly used in the energy industry. A number of financial institutions and large energy companies act as counter-parties to these types of derivative contracts. As the fair value of NYMEX-based fixed price swaps are based on a number of inputs, including contractual volumes and prices stated in each derivative contract, current and future NYMEX commodity prices, and quantitative models that are based upon readily observable market parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, we have characterized these derivative contracts as Level
2.
In order to verify the
third
party valuation, we enter the various inputs into a model and compare our results to the
third
party for reasonableness. The fair value of the basis differential swap instruments are based on inputs that are
not
as observable as the fixed price swaps. In addition to the actively quoted market price, variables such as time value, volatility and other unobservable inputs are used. Accordingly, these instruments have been classified as Level
3.
 
The following is additional information for our recurring fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level
3
inputs) for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2020
.
 
Unobservable inputs at January 1, 2020
  $
(6,104
)
Changes in market value
   
5,178
 
Settlements during the period
   
1,401
 
Unobservable inputs at March 31, 2020
  $
475
 
 
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
 
Non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis included certain non-financial assets and liabilities as
may
be acquired in a business combination and thereby measured at fair value and the initial recognition of asset retirement obligations for which fair value is used. Unproved oil and gas properties are assessed periodically, at least annually, to determine whether impairment has occurred. The assessment considers the following factors, among others: intent to drill, remaining lease term, geological and geophysical evaluations, drilling results and activity, the assignment of proved reserves, the economic viability of development if proved reserves were assigned and other current market conditions. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative drilling costs incurred to date for such property and all or a portion of the associated leasehold costs are transferred to the full cost pool and are then subject to amortization.
 
The asset retirement obligation estimates are derived from historical costs as well as management’s expectation of future cost environments. As there is
no
corroborating market activity to support the assumptions used, the Company has designated these liabilities as Level
3.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Company’s asset retirement obligation is presented in Note
1.
 
Other Financial Instruments
 
The carrying amounts of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturities and/or liquid nature of these assets and liabilities. The carrying value of our debt approximates fair value as the interest rates are market rates and this debt is considered Level
2.