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Employee Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans
Note 14 — Employee Benefit Plans
 
Defined Contribution Plan
 
We sponsor a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan. Our discretionary contributions are in the form of cash and consist of a 50% match of each participant’s contribution up to 5% of the participant’s salary. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we made discretionary employer contributions of $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, to the 401(k) plan.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
 
On May 15, 2019, our shareholders approved an amendment to and restatement of the ESPP to: (i) increase the shares authorized for issuance by 1.5 million shares and (ii) delegate to an internal administrator the authority to establish the maximum shares purchasable during a purchase period. As of December 31, 2020, 1.8 million shares were available for issuance under the ESPP. Eligible employees who participate in the ESPP may purchase shares of our common stock through payroll deductions on an after-tax basis over a four-month period beginning on January 1, May 1, and September 1 of each year during the term of the ESPP, subject to certain restrictions and limitations established by the Compensation Committee of our Board and Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The per share price of common stock purchased under the ESPP is equal to 85% of the lesser of its fair market value on (i) the first trading day of the purchase period or (ii) the last trading day of the purchase period. The ESPP currently has a purchase limit of 260 shares per employee per purchase period.
 
Long-Term Incentive Plan
 
We currently have one active long-term incentive plan, the 2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “2005 Incentive Plan”). The 2005 Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of our Board. The Compensation Committee also determines the type of award to be made to each participant and, as set forth in the related award agreement, the terms, conditions and limitations applicable to each award. The Compensation Committee may grant stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), PSUs and cash awards. Awards that have been granted to employees under the 2005 Incentive Plan have a vesting period of three years (or 33% per year) with the exception of PSUs, which vest 100% on the third anniversary date of the grant.
 
On May 15, 2019, our shareholders approved an amendment to and restatement of the 2005 Incentive Plan to: (i) authorize 7.0 million additional shares for issuance pursuant to our equity incentive compensation strategy, (ii) establish a maximum award limit applicable to independent members of our Board under the 2005 Incentive Plan, (iii) require, subject to certain exceptions, that all awards under the 2005 Incentive Plan have a minimum vesting or restriction period of one year and (iv) remove certain requirements with respect to performance-based compensation under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code that were repealed by the 2017 Tax Act. The 2005 Incentive Plan currently has 17.3 million shares authorized for issuance, which includes a maximum of 2.0 million shares that may be granted as incentive stock options. As of December 31, 2020, there were 6.8 million shares available for issuance under the 2005 Incentive Plan and no incentive stock options are currently outstanding.
 
The following grants of share-based awards were made in 2020 under the 2005 Incentive Plan: 
Date of GrantShares/
Units		Grant Date
Fair Value
Per Share/Unit		Vesting Period
January 2, 2020 (1)
369,938 $9.63 33% per year over three years
January 2, 2020 (2)
369,938 $13.15 100% on January 2, 2023
January 2, 2020 (3)
5,679 $9.63 100% on January 1, 2022
April 1, 2020 (3)
43,351 $1.64 100% on January 1, 2022
July 1, 2020 (3)
19,407 $3.47 100% on January 1, 2022
October 1, 2020 (3)
24,831 $2.41 100% on January 1, 2022
December 10, 2020 (4)
204,546 $4.40 100% on December 10, 2021
(1)Reflects grants of restricted stock to our executive officers and select management employees.
(2)Reflects grants of PSUs to our executive officers and select management employees. These awards when vested can only be settled in shares of our common stock.
(3)Reflects grants of restricted stock to certain independent members of our Board who have elected to take their quarterly fees in stock in lieu of cash.
(4)Reflects annual equity grants to each independent member of our Board.
 
In January 2021, we granted our executive officers 452,381 RSUs and 452,381 PSUs under the 2005 Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of the RSUs was $4.20 per unit or $1.9 million. The grant date fair value of the PSUs was $5.33 per unit or $2.4 million. Also in January 2021, we granted $3.4 million of fixed value cash awards to select management employees under the 2005 Incentive Plan.
 
Restricted Stock Awards
 
We grant restricted stock to members of our Board, executive officers and select management employees. The following table summarizes information about our restricted stock: 
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Shares
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Shares
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Shares
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Awards outstanding at beginning of year1,173,045 $6.81 1,320,989 $7.40 1,579,218 $7.63 
Granted667,752 7.06 846,835 6.02 614,286 7.46 
Vested (2)
(631,498)7.52 (993,361)6.92 (823,310)7.88 
Forfeited(32,348)5.41 (1,418)8.82 (49,205)7.62 
Awards outstanding at end of year1,176,951 $6.61 1,173,045 $6.81 1,320,989 $7.40 
(1)Represents the weighted average grant date fair value, which is based on the quoted closing market price of our common stock on the trading day prior to the date of grant.
(2)Total fair value of restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $5.4 million, $6.5 million and $6.4 million, respectively.
 
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, $4.2 million, $6.2 million and $6.0 million, respectively, were recognized as share-based compensation related to restricted stock. Future compensation cost associated with unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $4.4 million. The weighted average vesting period related to unvested restricted stock at December 31, 2020 was approximately 1.2 years.
 
Performance Share Unit Awards
 
We grant PSUs to our executive officers and from time to time select management employees. PSUs granted in 2020, 2019 and 2018 are to be settled solely in shares of our common stock and therefore are accounted for as equity awards. The payout at vesting of these PSUs is based on the performance of our common stock over a three-year period compared to the performance of other companies in a peer group selected by the Compensation Committee of our Board, with the maximum amount of the award being 200% of the original awarded PSUs and the minimum amount being zero.
 
The following table summarizes information about our equity PSU awards: 
Year Ended December 31,
202020192018
Units
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Units
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Units
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Equity PSU awards outstanding at beginning of year1,565,044 $10.17 1,006,360 $11.76 613,665 $12.64 
Granted369,938 13.15 688,540 7.60 449,271 10.44 
Vested(589,335)12.64 — — — — 
Forfeited(48,521)7.60 (129,856)8.91 (56,576)10.83 
Equity PSU awards outstanding at end of year1,297,126 $9.99 1,565,044 $10.17 1,006,360 $11.76 
(1)Represents the weighted average grant date fair value, which is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.
 
For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, $4.0 million, $5.1 million and $3.8 million, respectively, were recognized as share-based compensation related to equity PSU awards. Future compensation cost associated with unvested equity PSU awards at December 31, 2020 totaled approximately $4.6 million. The weighted average vesting period related to unvested equity PSU awards at December 31, 2020 was approximately 1.0 year. In January 2021, 368,038 equity PSU awards granted in 2018 vested at 200%, representing 736,075 shares of our common stock with a total market value of $3.1 million. In January 2020, 589,335 equity PSU awards granted in 2017 vested at 200%, representing 1,178,670 shares of our common stock with a total market value of $11.4 million.
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018, $0.9 million were recognized as share-based compensation related to liability PSU awards. During 2019 and 2018, we cash settled liabilities of $11.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, related to PSU awards granted in 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
Cash Awards
 
In 2020, 2019 and 2018, we granted $4.7 million, $4.6 million and $5.2 million, respectively, of fixed value cash awards to select management employees under the 2005 Incentive Plan. The value of these cash awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over a vesting period of three years. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, we recognized compensation costs of $4.4 million and $3.2 million and $1.7 million, respectively, which reflected the cash payouts made in January 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.