Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

May 31, 2020

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company determines the appropriate level in the fair value hierarchy for each fair value measurement of assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the Company’s financial statements. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs, which refer to assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, based upon the highest and best use, into three levels as follows:


•	Level 1 Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.


•	Level 2 Observable inputs other than unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities such as:


◦	Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets


◦	Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets


◦	Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability


◦	Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means


•	Level 3 Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data available, which are significant to the fair value measurement and require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value consisted of cash and cash equivalents, debt and foreign currency forward contracts. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of bank deposits and short-term investments, such as money market funds, the fair value of which is based on quoted market prices, a Level 1 fair value measure. The Company employs Level 2 fair value measurements for the disclosure of the fair value of its various lines of credit. The fair value of the Company's debt approximates the carrying value for all periods presented. For a more complete description of fair value measurements employed, see Note 5, “Debt.” The fair values of foreign currency forward contracts, used by the Company to manage the impact of foreign exchange rate changes to the financial statements, are based on quotations from financial institutions, a Level 2 fair value measure. See Note 19, “Derivatives and Hedging,” for a more complete description of fair value measurements employed.

Non-financial assets and liabilities for which the Company employs fair value measures on a non-recurring basis include:


•	Long-lived assets


•	Investments


•	Assets acquired in a business combination


•	Impairment assessment of goodwill and intangible assets


•	Long-lived assets held for sale

Level 2 and Level 3 inputs are employed by the Company in the fair value measurement of these assets and liabilities. For the fair value measurements employed by the Company for goodwill, see Note 10, “Goodwill and Other Intangibles." For the fair value measurements employed by the Company for acquisitions see Note 11, “Acquisitions." The Company employs fair value measurements for certain property, plant and equipment, production assets, investments and prepublication assets and the Company assessed future expected cash flows attributable to these assets.

The following tables present non-financial assets that were measured and recognized at fair value on a non-recurring basis and the total impairment losses and additions recognized on those assets:



	Net carrying value as of		Fair value measured and recognized using						Impairment losses for fiscal year ended		Additions due to acquisitions
	May 31, 2020		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		May 31, 2020		Additions due to acquisitions
Author advances	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1.6	$	1.6	$	—
Prepublication costs		—		—		—		0.8		0.8		—
Property, plant and equipment, net		—		—		—		0.6		0.6		—
Intangible assets		1.5		—		—		1.6		—		1.6



	Net carrying value as of		Fair value measured and recognized using						Impairment losses for fiscal year ended		Additions due to acquisitions
	May 31, 2019		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		May 31, 2019		Additions due to acquisitions
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	0.9	$	—
Investment acquired		6.0		—		—		6.0		—		6.0
Intangible assets		4.9		—		—		5.1		—		5.1



	Net carrying value as of		Fair value measured and recognized using						Impairment losses for fiscal year ended		Additions due to other investments and acquisitions
	May 31, 2018		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		May 31, 2018		Additions due to other investments and acquisitions
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11.2	$	—
Intangible assets		3.1		—		—		3.3		—		3.3

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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