485BPOS 1 formfmsit.htm
1933 Act File No. 33-36729
1940 Act File No. 811-6165

 

Form N-1A

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933  
       
  Pre-Effective Amendment No.    
       
  Post-Effective Amendment No.   69
 
and/or
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940  
       
  Amendment No.   68
         

 

 

 

FEDERATED MUNICIPAL SECURITIES INCOME TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

Federated Investors Funds

4000 Ericsson Drive

Warrendale, PA 15086-7561

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

 

(412) 288-1900

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

 

John W. McGonigle, Esquire

Federated Investors Tower

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
   
  immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
X On October 28, 2016, pursuant to paragraph (b)
  60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
  on   pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
  75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
  on   pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
 
If appropriate, check the following box:
   
  This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

Prospectus
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A FMOAX
B FMOBX
C FMNCX
F FHTFX
Institutional FMYIX
The information contained herein relates to all classes of the Fund's Shares, as listed above, unless otherwise noted.
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

A mutual fund seeking to provide a high level of current income by investing its assets so that, normally, at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax (except when investing for “defensive” purposes).
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee


Fund Summary Information
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund (the “Fund”)
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund's investment objective is to provide a high level of current income which is generally exempt from the federal regular income tax. The Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax, except when investing for “defensive” purposes.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold the Fund's Class A Shares (A), Class B Shares (B), Class C Shares (C), Class F Shares (F) and Institutional Shares (IS). You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future at least $100,000 or $1,000,000 in certain classes (e.g., A class and F class, respectively) of Federated funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the “What Do Shares Cost?” section of the Prospectus on page 17.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A B C F IS
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.50% None None 1.00% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, as applicable)

0.00% 5.50% 1.00% 1.00% None
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (and other Distributions) (as a percentage of offering price)

None None None None None
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)

None None None None None
Exchange Fee

None None None None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
         
Management Fee

0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60% 0.60%
Distribution (12b-1) Fee

0.00%1 0.75% 0.75% 0.00%1 0.00%
Other Expenses

0.43% 0.43% 0.43% 0.43% 0.18%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.03% 1.78% 1.78% 1.03% 0.78%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements2

(0.14)% (0.14)% (0.14)% (0.14)% (0.14)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements

0.89% 1.64% 1.64% 0.89% 0.64%
1 The Fund has adopted a Distribution (12b-1) Plan for its Class A shares and Class F shares pursuant to which the A class and F class of the Fund may incur or charge a Distribution (12b-1) fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%. No such fee is currently incurred or charged by the A class or the F class of the Fund. The A class and F class of the Fund will not incur or charge such a Distribution (12b-1) fee until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the “Trustees”).
2 The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, line of credit expenses, and proxy-related expenses paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund's A, B, C, F and IS classes (after the voluntary waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.89%, 1.64%, 1.64%, 0.89% and 0.64% (the “Fee Limit”), respectively, up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) November 1, 2017; or (b) the date of the Fund's next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Trustees.
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Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. Expenses assuming no redemption are also shown. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that operating expenses are as shown in the table above and remain the same. Although your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Share Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A:        
Expenses assuming redemption $550 $763 $993 $1,653
Expenses assuming no redemption $550 $763 $993 $1,653
B:        
Expenses assuming redemption $731 $960 $1,164 $1,897
Expenses assuming no redemption $181 $560 $964 $1,897
C:        
Expenses assuming redemption $281 $560 $964 $2,095
Expenses assuming no redemption $181 $560 $964 $2,095
F:        
Expenses assuming redemption $304 $525 $663 $1,347
Expenses assuming no redemption $204 $425 $663 $1,347
IS:        
Expenses assuming redemption $80 $249 $433 $966
Expenses assuming no redemption $80 $249 $433 $966
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 10% of the average value of its portfolio.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENTS, RISKS and PERFORMANCE
What are the Fund's Main Investment Strategies?
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax (except when investing for “defensive” purposes). Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax for individuals and corporations (AMT). The Fund invests at least a majority of the Fund's assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term, tax-exempt securities; and (2) medium-quality or noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities. Long-term, tax-exempt securities generally include tax-exempt securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more. The Fund also may invest in tax-exempt securities with stated maturities of less than 10 years. Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities.
Medium-quality securities generally include securities rated in the third or fourth highest rating category by an NRSRO and unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, tax-exempt securities rated A and BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, are rated in the third (A) and fourth (BBB) highest rating categories, respectively. Under relevant SEC guidance, the Fund is permitted to invest in medium-quality and other investment-grade, tax-exempt securities to a greater degree than a high-yield bond fund that does not invest primarily in tax-exempt municipal securities. The Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in medium-quality or noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities in an attempt to pursue a higher level of current income than a tax-exempt bond fund that invests purely in investment-grade securities.
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Although medium-quality securities are still considered investment-grade securities, lower credit ratings do correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Medium-quality, tax-exempt securities generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks as described in this Prospectus. Noninvestment-grade securities, which are also known as junk bonds, also generally are subject to these same risks, as well as the risks of investing in noninvestment-grade securities as described in this Prospectus. The securities in which the Fund may principally invest include tax-exempt securities, which may include, for example, general obligation bonds, special revenue bonds, private activity bonds, tax-increment financing bonds, municipal leases, zero-coupon securities, inverse floaters, municipal mortgage-backed securities and planned amortization classes. Certain of the tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement.
The Fund also may principally invest in derivative contracts (such as, for example, futures contracts, option contracts and swap contracts) and hybrid instruments to implement its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s), to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector, to increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio or to hedge against potential losses. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments also may be subject to the risks of investing in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments as described in this Prospectus.
The Fund also may invest in certain securities or other investments (such as market discount bonds, credit default swaps and other derivative transactions) that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes).
The Fund invests its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax, except when investing for “defensive” purposes. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
What are the Main Risks of Investing in the Fund?
All mutual funds take investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The primary factors that may reduce the Fund's returns include:
■  Tax-Exempt Securities Risk. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability.
■  Interest Rate Risk. Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates.
■  Issuer Credit Risk. It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
■  Counterparty Credit Risk. A party to a transaction involving the Fund may fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategies.
■  Liquidity Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund invests may be less readily marketable and may be subject to greater fluctuation in price than other securities. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. Over-the-counter derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts.
■  Tax Risk. In order to be tax-exempt, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other
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  permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
■  Leverage Risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
■  Call Risk. The Fund's performance may be adversely affected by the possibility that an issuer of a security held by the Fund may redeem the security prior to maturity at a price below or above its current market value.
■  Sector Risk. A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses, or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these entities.
■  Prepayment Risk. When homeowners prepay their mortgages in response to lower interest rates, the Fund will be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates available. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of municipal mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities.
■  Credit Enhancement Risk. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.
■  Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. This increases the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that any one issuer has on the Fund's Share price and performance.
■  Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that are below investment-grade quality (which are also known as junk bonds), which may be subject to greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
■  Risk Related to the Economy. The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market. Economic, political and financial conditions may, from time to time, cause the Fund to experience volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions or other potentially adverse effects. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
■  Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such contracts and instruments include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
■  Technology Risk. The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
The Shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
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Performance: Bar Chart and Table
Risk/Return Bar Chart
The Fund is a portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (the “Trust”), and is the successor to Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund, Inc. (“Predecessor Fund”) pursuant to a reorganization as of the close of business on November 10, 2006. Prior to the date of the reorganization, the Fund did not have any investment operations. Accordingly, the performance information and financial information, including information on fees and expenses, provided in this Prospectus for periods prior to the close of business on November 10, 2006, is historical information for the Predecessor Fund. On the date of the reorganization, November 10, 2006, the Predecessor Fund's assets (inclusive of liabilities recorded on the Predecessor Fund's records) were transferred into the Fund and the dissolution of the Predecessor Fund occurred within a short period of time after the date of the reorganization. As a result of the reorganization, the Fund does not have a different investment adviser than the Predecessor Fund, and the shareholders of A class, B class, C class and F class shares of the Predecessor Fund received A class, B class, C class or F class shares of the Fund, respectively. The bar chart and performance table below reflect historical performance data for the Fund and are intended to help you analyze the Fund's investment risks in light of its historical returns. The bar chart shows the variability of the Fund's F class total returns on a calendar year-by-year basis. The Average Annual Total Return Table shows returns averaged over the stated periods, and includes comparative performance information. The Fund's performance will fluctuate, and past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of future results. Updated performance information for the Fund is available under the “Products” section at FederatedInvestors.com or by calling 1-800-341-7400.
  
The total returns shown in the bar chart do not reflect the payment of any sales charges or recurring shareholder account fees. If these charges or fees had been included, the returns shown would have been lower.
The Fund's F class total return for the nine-month period from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016, was 5.90%.
Within the periods shown in the bar chart, the Fund's F class highest quarterly return was 14.61% (quarter ended September 30, 2009). Its lowest quarterly return was (16.00)% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
Average Annual Total Return Table
The Fund's IS class commenced operations on June 11, 2013. For the periods prior to commencement of operations of the IS class, the IS class information shown below is for the Fund's F class adjusted to reflect the expenses of the Fund's IS class for each year for which the expenses of the Fund's IS class would have exceeded the actual expenses paid by the Fund's F class. The performance information has also been adjusted to reflect any applicable differences in sales loads and charges imposed on the purchase and redemption of the Fund's IS class. In addition to Return Before Taxes, Return After Taxes is shown for the Fund's F class to illustrate the effect of federal taxes on Fund returns. After-tax returns are shown only for the F class and after-tax returns for A, B, C and IS classes will differ from those shown for F class. Actual after-tax returns depend on each investor's personal tax situation, and are likely to differ from those shown. After-tax returns are calculated using a standard set of assumptions. The stated returns assume the highest historical federal income and capital gains tax rates. The after-tax returns do not reflect the effect of any applicable state and local taxes. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors holding shares through a 401(k) plan, an Individual Retirement Account or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
5

(For the Period Ended December 31, 2015)
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
A:      
Return Before Taxes (0.05)% 6.46% 3.84%
B:      
Return Before Taxes (1.65)% 6.35% 3.71%
C:      
Return Before Taxes 2.84% 6.66% 3.54%
F:      
Return Before Taxes 2.60% 7.22% 4.21%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 2.60% 7.22% 4.21%
Return after Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 3.39% 6.76% 4.34%
IS:      
Return Before Taxes 4.89% 7.57% 4.31%
S&P Municipal Bond Index1
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
3.32% 5.51% 4.66%
S&P 25% A and Higher/25% BBB/50% High Yield, All 3-Year Plus Sub-Index2
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
3.05% 7.41% 4.86%
Morningstar High Yield Muni Funds Average3 4.09% 6.84% 3.85%
1 The S&P Municipal Bond Index (“Main Index”) is a broad, comprehensive, market value-weighted index composed of approximately 55,000 bond issues that are exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Main Index include, but are not limited to: the bond issuer must be a state (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and U.S. territories) or local government or a state or local government entity where interest on the bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the AMT; the bond must be held by a mutual fund for which Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations, Inc. provides prices; it must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a minimum par amount of $2 million; and the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. The Main Index is rebalanced monthly.
2 The S&P 25% A and Higher/25% BBB/50% High Yield, All 3-Year Plus Sub-Index is a custom blended index that represents, by market weighting, 25% of the A-rated and higher component of the Main Index, 25% of the BBB-rated component of the Main Index and 50% of the below investment-grade (bonds with ratings of less than BBB-/Baa3) component of the Main Index, all with remaining maturities of three years or more.
3 Morningstar figures represent the average of the total returns reported by all the mutual funds designated by Morningstar as falling into the respective category indicated.
FUND MANAGEMENT
The Fund's Investment Adviser is Federated Investment Management Company.
Lee R. Cunningham II, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since April 2009.
R.J. Gallo, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since April 2010.
purchase and sale of fund shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange Shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open. Shares may be purchased through a financial intermediary firm that has entered into a Fund selling and/or servicing agreement with the Distributor or an affiliate (“Financial Intermediary”) or directly from the Fund, by wire or by check. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply. Redeem or exchange Shares through a financial intermediary or directly from the Fund by telephone at 1-800-341-7400 or by mail.
A, B, C & F Classes
The minimum investment amount for the Fund's A, B, C and F classes is generally $1,500 for initial investments and $100 for subsequent investments. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
IS Class
The minimum initial investment amount for the Fund's IS class is generally $1,000,000 and there is no minimum subsequent investment amount. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
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Tax Information
It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be tax-exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes. Although the Fund does not seek to realize capital gains, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Any Fund distributions of capital gains are taxable at applicable capital gains rates. The Fund is generally not a suitable investment for retirement accounts.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed in this Prospectus), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax (except when investing for “defensive” purposes). Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
What are the Fund's Investment Strategies?
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the principal strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal strategies.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax (except when investing for “defensive” purposes). Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT. The Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term, tax-exempt securities; and (2) medium-quality or noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities. Long-term tax-exempt securities generally include tax-exempt securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more. The Fund also may invest in tax-exempt securities with stated maturities of less than 10 years. Medium-quality securities generally include securities rated in the third or fourth highest rating category by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) and unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, tax-exempt securities rated A and BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, are rated in the third (A) and fourth (BBB) highest rating categories, respectively. Under relevant SEC guidance, the Fund is permitted to invest in medium-quality and other investment-grade, tax-exempt securities to a greater degree than a high yield bond fund that does not invest primarily in tax-exempt municipal securities. The Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in medium-quality or noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities (without regard to the maturity of the securities) in an attempt to pursue a higher level of current income than a tax-exempt bond fund that invests purely in investment-grade securities. The amount of the Fund's assets invested in long-term or medium-quality or noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities will be determined at the time when tax-exempt securities are purchased. For example, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets or from a change in a security's rating/quality will not require the Fund to sell any tax-exempt security held in the Fund's portfolio. Although medium-quality securities are still considered investment-grade securities, lower credit ratings do correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Medium-quality, tax-exempt securities generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks, and the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests generally are subject to these risks, as well as the risks of investing in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments, all as described in this Prospectus. The noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities, in which the Fund invests, which are also known as junk bonds, also generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks, as well as the risks of investing in noninvestment-grade securities, all as described in this Prospectus.
The Fund's investment adviser (“Adviser”) actively manages the Fund's portfolio, seeking to manage credit risk assumed by the Fund and provide enhanced levels of income.
The Adviser manages credit risk by performing a fundamental credit analysis on all tax-exempt securities before the Fund purchases such securities. The Adviser considers various factors, including (among others) the economic feasibility of revenue bond financings and general purpose financings; the financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; and political developments that may affect credit quality. The Adviser monitors the credit risks of all tax-exempt securities on an ongoing basis by reviewing, as the Adviser considers necessary or appropriate in accordance with its procedures, periodic financial data and ratings of NRSROs.
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The Adviser generally performs a more intensive credit analysis on noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities. In addition to the review process described above, the Adviser may, for example and when appropriate, visit the site that the issuer is developing with the proceeds of the offering and may engage in discussions with the issuer regarding the offering.
The Adviser attempts to provide enhanced levels of income by investing in long-term, tax-exempt securities and managing the duration of the Fund. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The greater a portfolio's duration, the greater the potential change in the portfolio's value in response to a change in market interest rates. The Adviser will increase or reduce the Fund's portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Adviser expects interest rates to fall, it will maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Adviser expects interest rates to increase, it will shorten the portfolio duration. The Adviser uses hedging transactions for purposes of duration management. The Adviser considers a variety of factors in formulating its interest rate outlook, including (among others) the following:
■  Current and expected U.S. economic growth;
■  Current and expected interest rates and inflation;
■  The Federal Reserve's monetary policy; and
■  Supply and demand factors related to the municipal market and the effect they may have on the returns offered for various bond maturities.
Duration management is less important when a greater portion of the Fund is allocated to noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities, because such securities are less sensitive to interest rate changes.
The Adviser also attempts to provide enhanced levels of income by investing in noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities, which generally provide higher yields. The percentage that the Adviser allocates to noninvestment-grade securities will vary depending on the supply of noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities and the credit spread between investment-grade, tax-exempt securities and noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities. If the credit spread narrows, the Adviser may increase its allocation to investment-grade securities without limitation; if the credit spread broadens, the Adviser may increase its allocation to noninvestment-grade securities without limitation. The Adviser may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities.
The Fund also may invest in tax-exempt securities that are trading at a price less than the original issue price (or market discount bonds), enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may result in taxable distributions to shareholders. The ordinary income derived from these investment strategies generally will be limited to approximately 5% or less of the Fund's annual distributions.
The Fund may use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s) or to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector. Additionally, by way of example, the Fund may use derivative contracts in an attempt to:
■  increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio;
■  obtain premiums from the sale of derivative contracts;
■  realize gains from trading a derivative contract; or
■  hedge against potential losses.
  There can be no assurance that the Fund's use of derivative contracts or hybrid instruments will work as intended.
The Fund invests its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax, except when investing for “defensive” purposes. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
Temporary Investments
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in taxable securities or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate tax-exempt securities); to maintain liquidity to meet shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such temporary investments could affect the Fund's investment returns. If the Fund invests in taxable securities, it may receive and distribute taxable income to investors, and to that extent, fail to meet its investment objectives.
What are the Fund's Principal Investments?
The following provides general information on the Fund's principal investments. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund's principal investments.
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TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
Tax-exempt securities are fixed-income securities that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer or on the basis of another authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable, pay interest that is not subject to federal regular income taxes. Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Typically, states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities issue tax-exempt securities. The market categorizes tax-exempt securities by their source of repayment. Certain of these tax-exempt securities may be subject to credit enhancement.
The following describes the principal types of tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest:
General Obligation Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer's power to exact property or other taxes. The issuer must impose and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. However, the issuer's authority to impose additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.
Special Revenue Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Special revenue bonds are payable solely from specific revenues received by the issuer such as specific taxes, assessments, tolls or fees. Bondholders may not collect from the municipality's general taxes or revenues. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to build a toll road and pledge the tolls to repay the bonds. Therefore, a shortfall in the tolls normally would result in a default on the bonds, or in certain cases, may result in a reduction in payments received in respect of the bonds.
Private Activity Bonds (A Type of Special Revenue Bond)
Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private projects. A certain percentage of the proceeds from a private activity bond is used for a private business use or a certain percentage of the debt service regarding a private activity bond is paid directly or indirectly from a private business use. A private business use is a trade or business carried on by any person or entity other than a governmental unit. Private activity bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the private entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy. The municipality would lend the proceeds from its bonds to the company using the factory, and the company would agree to make loan payments sufficient to cover interest and principal payments on the bonds. The bonds would be payable from the company's loan payments, and generally not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default of the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds.
Types of private activity bonds include, for example: bonds issued to obtain funds to provide water, sewage and solid waste facilities, qualified residential rental projects, certain local electric, gas and other heating and cooling facilities, qualified hazardous waste facilities, high speed intercity rail facilities, certain airports, docks, wharves and mass transportation facilities and qualified mortgages; qualified student loan bonds; qualified redevelopment bonds; and bonds used for certain organizations exempt from federal income taxation (qualified 501(c)(3) bonds).
The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the AMT. The Fund may invest in bonds subject to AMT.
Tax Increment Financing Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax increment financing (TIF) bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to projects within the TIF district. For example, a municipality may issue TIF bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The TIF bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from the merchants in the area. The bonds could fail to pay principal or interest if merchants' sales, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.
Municipal Leases (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipalities may enter into leases for equipment or facilities. In order to comply with state public financing laws, these leases are typically subject to annual appropriation. In other words, a municipality may end a lease, without penalty, by not providing for the lease payments in its annual budget. After the lease ends, the lessor can resell the equipment or facility but may lose money on the sale.
The Fund may invest in securities supported by pools of municipal leases. The most common type of lease-backed securities is certificates of participation (COPs). However, the Fund may also invest directly in individual leases.
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Zero-Coupon Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity unlike debt securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors buy zero-coupon securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero-coupon security. Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero-coupon security. A zero-coupon, step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.
There are many forms of zero-coupon securities. Some are issued at a discount and are referred to as zero-coupon or capital appreciation bonds. In addition, some securities give the issuer the option to deliver additional securities in place of cash interest payments, thereby increasing the amount payable at maturity. These are referred to as pay-in-kind or PIK securities.
Inverse Floaters (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
An inverse floater has a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction of market interest rates. Inverse floaters are used to enhance the income from a bond investment by employing leverage. When short-term market interest rates go up, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes down; when short-term market interest rates go down, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes up. Inverse floaters generally respond more rapidly to market interest rate changes than fixed-rate, tax-exempt securities. Inverse floaters are subject to interest rate risks and leverage risks.
Municipal Mortgage-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal mortgage-backed securities are special revenue bonds, the proceeds of which may be used to provide mortgage loans for single family homes or to finance multifamily housing. Municipal mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages. The mortgages that comprise a pool normally have similar interest rates, maturities and other terms. Mortgages may have fixed or adjustable rates. Municipal mortgage-backed securities generally have fixed interest rates.
Municipal mortgage-backed securities come in a variety of forms. The simplest forms of municipal mortgage-backed securities are unstructured bonds backed by the net interest and principal payments and prepayments from the underlying mortgages. As a result, the holders assume all interest rate and prepayment risks of the underlying mortgages. Other municipal mortgage-backed securities may have more complicated financial structures.
PACs (A Type of Municipal Mortgage-Backed Security)
PACs (planned amortization classes) are a sophisticated form of municipal mortgage-backed security issued with a companion class(es). PACs receive principal payments and prepayments at a specified rate. The companion classes receive principal payments and prepayments in excess of the specified rate. In addition, PACs will receive the companion classes' share of principal payments, if necessary, to cover a shortfall in the prepayment rate. This helps PACs to control prepayment risks by increasing the risks to their companion classes.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
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The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
Payment obligations arising in connection with derivative contracts are frequently required to be secured with margin (which is commonly called “collateral”). To the extent necessary to meet such requirements, the Fund may purchase U.S. Treasury and/or government agency securities.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
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Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and caps and floors.
OTHER INVESTMENTS, TRANSACTIONS, TECHNIQUES
Credit Enhancement
The Fund may invest in securities that have credit enhancement. Credit enhancement consists of an arrangement in which a company agrees to pay amounts due on a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) if the issuer defaults. In some cases the company providing credit enhancement makes all payments directly to the security holders and receives reimbursement from the issuer. Normally, the credit enhancer has greater financial resources and liquidity than the issuer. For this reason, the Adviser may evaluate the credit risk of a fixed-income security based solely upon its credit enhancement.
Common types of credit enhancement include guarantees, letters of credit, bond insurance and surety bonds. Credit enhancement also includes arrangements where securities or other liquid assets secure payment of a fixed-income security. If a default occurs, these assets may be sold and the proceeds paid to the security's holders. Either form of credit enhancement reduces credit risks by providing another source of payment for a fixed-income security.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Delayed Delivery Transactions
Delayed delivery transactions, including when-issued transactions, are arrangements in which the Fund buys securities for a set price, with payment and delivery of the securities scheduled for a future time. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. The Fund records the transaction when it agrees to buy the securities and reflects their value in determining the price of its Shares. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these transactions so that the market values of the securities bought may vary from the purchase prices. Therefore, delayed delivery transactions create interest rate risks for the Fund. Delayed delivery transactions also involve credit risks in the event of a counterparty default. These transactions create leverage risks.
Asset Segregation
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
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What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund?
The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund's non-principal investments are described in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may include those issued by state or local governments, other political subdivisions or authorities, or directly or indirectly supported by taxes, assessments, tolls, fees or other revenue collected by or otherwise derived from or through such issuers. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Other factors include the general conditions of the tax-exempt securities market, the size of the particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. Like other issuers, there is no guarantee that the issuers of such securities will have sufficient revenues to satisfy their obligations (such as, for example, the payment of interest or principal when due). Legal, economic, political or other developments may raise impairments (such as, for example, limitations under applicable law on the issuer's authority to raise taxes, prolonged budgetary processes, declining real estate values or declining tax revenues) to such issuer's budgetary flexibility, liquidity and ability to satisfy its obligations. Such impairments may cause a downgrade in the credit ratings of such an issuer, or the securities issued or supported by it, and may cause such an issuer to defer payment of certain obligations, reduce or eliminate appropriations and/or default on its obligations.
Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of such issuers may continue or get worse. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability. As a result, in such situations, there would be heightened risk that there could be an interruption in payments to holders of tax-exempt securities in some cases. There also could be a reduction in the market value of the tax-exempt securities held by the Fund, which could adversely affect the Fund's net asset value or the distributions paid by the Fund.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates.
Certain factors, such as the presence of call features, may cause a particular fixed-income security, or the Fund as a whole, to exhibit less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Certain of the Fund's investments may also be valued, in part, by reference to the relative relationship between interest rates on tax-exempt securities and taxable securities, respectively. When the market for tax-exempt securities underperforms (or outperforms) the market for taxable securities, the value of these investments may be negatively affected (or positively affected).
ISSUER Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) receive credit ratings from NRSROs such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody's Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor's that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO's assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund's
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portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security's spread may also increase if the security's rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline.
COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK
Counterparty credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. Trading opportunities also are more limited for inverse floaters that have complex terms or that are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Tax Risk
In order to pay interest that is exempt from federal regular income tax, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable.
Changes or proposed changes in federal, state or local tax laws may cause the prices of tax-exempt securities to fall and/or may affect the tax-exempt status of the securities in which the Fund invests.
The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. Additionally, the Fund may not be able to close out certain derivative contracts when it wants to. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
Leverage Risk
The tax-exempt securities, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to leverage risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
CALL RISK
The tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to call risk. Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) before maturity (a “call”) at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security's price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
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SECTOR RISK
A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit-enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities. Developments affecting companies with similar characteristics might include changes in interest rates, changes in economic cycle affecting credit losses and regulatory changes.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Unlike traditional fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities), which pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity (when the entire principal amount is due), payments on municipal mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Partial payment of principal may be comprised of scheduled principal payments as well as unscheduled payments from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying loans. These unscheduled prepayments of principal create risks that can adversely affect a fund holding municipal mortgage-backed securities.
For example, when interest rates decline, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally rise. However, when interest rates decline, unscheduled prepayments can be expected to accelerate, and the Fund would be required to reinvest the proceeds of the prepayments at the lower interest rates then available. Unscheduled prepayments would also limit the potential for capital appreciation on municipal mortgage-backed securities.
Conversely, when interest rates rise, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally fall. Since rising interest rates typically result in decreased prepayments, this could lengthen the average lives of municipal mortgage-backed securities, and cause their value to decline more than traditional fixed-income securities.
Generally, municipal mortgage-backed securities compensate for the increased risk associated with prepayments by paying a higher yield. The additional interest paid for risk is measured by the difference between the yield of a municipal mortgage-backed security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”). An increase in the spread will cause the price of the municipal mortgage-backed security to decline. Spreads generally increase in response to adverse economic or market conditions. Spreads may also increase if the security is perceived to have an increased prepayment risk or is perceived to have less market demand.
Credit Enhancement Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security's value due to changes in market conditions. Securities subject to credit enhancement generally would be assigned a lower credit rating if the rating were based primarily on the credit quality of the issuer without regard to the credit enhancement. If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded.
A single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Fund's investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund, as the Fund may invest in securities credit enhanced by banks or by bond insurers without limit. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, including the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress.
RISK OF NON-DIVERSIFIED FUND
The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. In certain situations, being non-diversified may reduce the Fund's credit risk by enabling it to avoid investing in certain countries, regions or sectors that exhibit above average credit risk. However, being non-diversified may also increase the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that only one issuer has on the Fund's share price and performance.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities that are rated below investment-grade or unrated securities of comparable quality (i.e., noninvestment-grade securities), also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. The Adviser may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities.
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RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions may from time to time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other factors, which could negatively impact the Fund's performance. A general rise in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities, and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin, or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or in the Fund's SAI, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
16

What Do Shares Cost?
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
When the Fund receives your transaction request in proper form (as described in this Prospectus), it is processed at the next calculated net asset value of a Share (NAV) plus any applicable front-end sales charge (“public offering price”). A Share's NAV is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedInvestors.com, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
You can purchase, redeem or exchange Shares any day the NYSE is open.
When the Fund holds fixed-income securities that trade on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund's assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees (“Board”).
■  Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and asked quotations.
■  Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures. The Fund's SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee to assist the Board in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of such investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
The following table summarizes the minimum investment amount and the maximum sales charge, if any, that you will pay on an investment in the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
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  Minimum
Initial/Subsequent
Investment
Amounts1
Maximum Sales Charges
Shares Offered Front-End
Sales Charge2
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge3
A $1,500/$100 4.50% 0.00%
B $1,500/$100 None 5.50%
C $1,500/$100 None 1.00%
F $1,500/$100 1.00% 1.00%
1 Please see “By Systematic Investment Program” for applicable minimum investment. Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. To maximize your return and minimize the sales charges and marketing fees, purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000 and purchases of the C class are generally limited to $1,000,000. Purchases equal to or in excess of these limits may be made in the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund. See “Purchase Restrictions on B Class and C Class” below. After the B class Shares have been held for eight years from the date of purchase, they will automatically convert to the A class. This conversion is a non-taxable event.
2 Front-End Sales Charge is expressed as a percentage of public offering price. See “Sales Charge When You Purchase.”
3 See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
As shown in the table above, each class of Shares has a different sales charge structure. In addition, the ongoing annual operating expenses (“expense ratios”), as well as the compensation payable to financial intermediaries, also vary among the classes. Before you decide which class to purchase, you should review the different charges and expenses of each class carefully, in light of your personal circumstances, and consult with your financial intermediary.
Among the important factors to consider are the amount you plan to invest and the length of time you expect to hold your investment (for example, whether the investment is in connection with a long-term retirement program). You should also consider, for example, that it may be possible to reduce, or eliminate, the front-end sales charges imposed on purchases of the A class and F class. Among other ways, the A class and F class have a series of “breakpoints,” which means that the front-end sales charges decrease (and can be eliminated entirely) as the amount invested increases. (The breakpoint schedule is set out below, along with detailed information on ways to reduce, or eliminate, front-end sales charges.) On the other hand, the B class does not have front-end sales charges, but the deferred sales charges imposed on redemptions of the B class do not vary at all in relation to the amounts invested. Rather, these charges decrease with the passage of time (ultimately going to zero after shares have been held for six full years). Finally, the C class does not have front-end sales charges, but do impose a contingent deferred sales charge only if redeemed within one year after purchase; however, the asset-based 12b-1 fees charged to the C class are greater than those charged to the A class and F class and comparable to those charged to the B class.
You should also consider that the expense ratio for the A class will be lower than that for the B class or C class. Thus, the fact that no front-end charges are ever imposed on purchases of the B class and C class does not always make them preferable to the A class.
SALES CHARGE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
The following tables list the sales charges which will be applied to your Share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the tables and described below.
A:
Purchase Amount Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $100,000 4.50% 4.71%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.75% 3.90%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 2.00% 2.04%
$1 million or greater1 0.00% 0.00%
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) of 0.75% of the redemption amount applies to Shares originally purchased in an amount of $1 million or more and redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where a financial intermediary received an advance payment on the transaction. CDSC exceptions may apply. See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
    
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F:
Purchase Amount   Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
  Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $1 million   1.00%   1.01%
$1 million or greater   0.00%   0.00%
REDUCING THE SALES CHARGE WITH BREAKPOINT DISCOUNTS
Your investment may qualify for a reduction or elimination of the sales charge, also known as a breakpoint discount. The breakpoint discounts offered by the Fund are indicated in the tables above.
You or your financial intermediary must notify the Fund's Transfer Agent of eligibility for any applicable breakpoint discount at the time of purchase.
In order to receive the applicable breakpoint discount, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint (“Qualifying Accounts”). Qualifying Accounts mean those share accounts in the Federated funds held directly or through a financial intermediary or through a single-participant retirement account by you, your spouse, your parents (if you are under age 21) and/or your children under age 21, which can be linked using tax identification numbers (TINs), social security numbers (SSNs) or broker identification numbers (BINs). Accounts held through 401(k) plans and similar multi-participant retirement plans, or through “Section 529” college savings plans or those accounts which cannot be linked using TINs, SSNs or BINs, are not Qualifying Accounts.
In order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount, you will be required to provide to your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent certain information on your New Account Form and may be required to provide account statements regarding Qualifying Accounts. If you purchase through a financial intermediary, you may be asked to provide additional information and records as required by the financial intermediary. Failure to provide proper notification or verification of eligibility for a breakpoint discount may result in your not receiving a breakpoint discount to which you are otherwise entitled. Breakpoint discounts apply only to your current purchase and do not apply retroactively to previous purchases. The sales charges applicable to the Shares offered in this Prospectus, and the breakpoint discounts offered with respect to such Shares, are described in full in this Prospectus. Because the Prospectus is available on Federated's website free of charge, Federated does not disclose this information separately on the website.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge at purchase of the A class and F class only, may be reduced or eliminated by:
Larger Purchases
■  Purchasing A class or F class Shares in greater quantities to reduce the applicable sales charge;
Concurrent and Accumulated Purchases
■  Combining concurrent purchases of and/or current investments in the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class of any Federated fund made or held by Qualifying Accounts; the purchase amount used in determining the sales charge on your additional Share purchase will be calculated by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in Qualifying Accounts and adding the dollar amount of your current purchase; or
Letter of Intent
■  Signing a letter of intent to purchase a qualifying amount of A class or F class Shares within 13 months. (Call your financial intermediary or the Fund for more information.) The Fund's custodian will hold Shares in escrow equal to the maximum applicable sales charge. If you complete the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will release the Shares in escrow to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will redeem the appropriate amount from the Shares held in escrow to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
PURCHASE RESTRICTIONS ON b class AND c class
In order to maximize shareholder returns and minimize sales charges and marketing fees, an investor's purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000 and an investor's purchases of the C class are generally limited to $1,000,000 (except for employer-sponsored retirement plans held in omnibus accounts with respect to C Shares). In applying the limit, the dollar amount of the current purchase is added to the product obtained by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class Shares of any Federated fund currently held in linked Qualifying Accounts, as defined in the section entitled “Reducing the Sales Charge with Breakpoint
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Discounts.” If the sum of these two amounts would equal or exceed the limit, then the current purchase order will not be processed. Instead, the Distributor will attempt to contact the investor or the investor's financial intermediary to offer the opportunity to convert the order to the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund.
ELIMINATING The SALES CHARGE
Your investment may qualify for a sales charge waiver. Sales charge waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a sales charge waiver, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each purchase that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your investment is eligible for a sales charge waiver at the time of purchase, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge will be eliminated when you purchase or acquire Shares:
■  within 120 days of redeeming Shares of an equal or greater amount;
■  through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive a dealer reallowance on purchases under such program;
■  with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  issued in connection with the merger, consolidation or acquisition of the assets of another fund. Further, the sales charge will be eliminated on purchases of Shares made by a shareholder that originally became a shareholder of a Federated Fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits shareholders to acquire Shares at NAV, provided that such purchased Shares are held directly with the Fund's transfer agent. If the Shares are held through a financial intermediary, the sales charge waiver will not apply (A class only);
■  as a Federated Life Member (Federated shareholders who originally were issued shares through the “Liberty Account,” which was an account for the Liberty Family of Funds on February 28, 1987, or who invested through an affinity group prior to August 1, 1987, into the Liberty Account) (A class only);
■  as a Trustee, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, an employee of any financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals; or
■  pursuant to the exchange privilege.
  The sales charge will not be eliminated if you purchase Shares of the Fund through an exchange of shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund unless your Federated Government Reserves Fund shares were acquired through an exchange of shares on which the sales charge had previously been paid.
sales charge when you redeem
Your redemption proceeds may be reduced by a sales charge, commonly referred to as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC at the time of an exchange; however, the CDSC will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase. The CDSC schedule applicable to your original purchase will continue to apply to the shares you receive in an exchange.
To keep the sales charge as low as possible, the Fund redeems your Shares in this order:
■  Shares that are not subject to a CDSC; and
■  Shares held the longest. (To determine the number of years your Shares have been held, include the time you held shares of other Federated funds that have been exchanged for Shares of this Fund.)
The CDSC is then calculated using the Share price at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is lower.
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A:    
If you make a purchase of the A class in the amount of $1 million or more and your financial intermediary received an advance commission on the sale, you will pay a 0.75% CDSC on any such Shares redeemed within 24 months of the purchase.
B:    
Shares Held Up To:   CDSC
1 Year   5.50%
2 Years   4.75%
3 Years   4.00%
4 Years   3.00%
5 Years   2.00%
6 Years   1.00%
7 Years or More   0.00%
C:    
You will pay a 1.00% CDSC if you redeem Shares within 12 months of the purchase date.
F:    
Purchase Amount Shares Held CDSC
Up to $2 million 4 years or less 1.00%
$2 million but less than $5 million 2 years or less 0.50%
$5 million or more 1 year or less 0.25%
Your redemption may qualify for a waiver of the CDSC. The CDSC waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a waiver of the CDSC, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each redemption that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent in order to take advantage of the waiver. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your redemption is eligible for a CDSC waiver at the time of redemption, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, you will not be charged a CDSC when redeeming Shares:
■  following the death of the last surviving shareholder on the account or the post-purchase disability of all registered shareholders, as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the beneficiary on an account with a Transfer on Death registration is deemed the last surviving shareholder on the account);
■  due to the termination of a trust following the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, provided that the trust document specifically states that the trust is terminated upon the death;
■  representing minimum required distributions from an IRA or other retirement plan as required under the Internal Revenue Code;
■  purchased by Trustees, employees of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, by employees of a financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, by the immediate family members of the above persons and by trusts, pension or profit-sharing plans for the above persons;
■  purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive an advance commission on purchases under such program;
■  purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  redeemed by the Fund when it closes an account for not meeting the minimum balance requirements;
■  purchased pursuant to the exchange privilege, if the Shares were held for the applicable CDSC holding period (the holding period on the Shares purchased in the exchange will include the holding period of the Shares sold in the exchange);
A Class Only
■  purchased in the amount of $1 million or more and redeemed within 24 months of purchase if the Shares were originally purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the principal underwriter not to receive an advanced commission on purchases under such program;
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B Class Only
■  which are qualifying redemptions of the B class under a Systematic Withdrawal Program; or
F Class Only
■  representing a total or partial distribution from a qualified plan, which does not include account transfers, rollovers or redemptions for the purpose of reinvestment. For these purposes, qualified plan does not include an IRA, individual 401(k) or custodial account following retirement.
How is the Fund Sold?
The Fund offers the following Share classes: Class A Shares (A), Class B Shares (B), Class C Shares (C), Class F Shares (F) and Institutional Shares (IS), each representing interests in a single portfolio of securities. All Share classes have different sales charges and/or other expenses which affect their performance. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply.
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor, Federated Securities Corp., offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The Fund may not be a suitable investment for retirement plans.
A, B, C & F Classes
The Fund's Distributor markets the A, B, C and F classes to individuals, directly or through financial intermediaries.
A shareholder in the Fund's A class or a shareholder in the Fund's C class whose shares are not subject to a CDSC may convert their Shares into the IS class of the Fund if the shareholder meets the IS class eligibility criteria and investment minimum. Such conversion of classes should not result in a realization event for tax purposes. Contact your financial intermediary or call 1-800-341-7400 to convert your Shares.
IS Class
The Fund's Distributor markets the IS class to Eligible Investors, as described below. In connection with a request to purchase the IS class, you should provide documentation sufficient to verify your status as an Eligible Investor. As a general matter, the IS class is not available for direct investment by natural persons.
The following categories of Eligible Investors are not subject to any minimum initial investment amount for the purchase of the IS class (however, such accounts remain subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus):
■  An investor participating in a wrap program or other fee-based program sponsored by a financial intermediary;
■  An investor participating in a no-load network or platform sponsored by a financial intermediary where Federated has entered into an agreement with the intermediary;
■  A trustee/director, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates; an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals;
■  An employer-sponsored retirement plan;
■  A trust institution investing on behalf of its trust customers;
■  A Federated Fund;
■  An investor (including a natural person) who acquired IS class of a Federated fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits the investor to acquire such shares; and
■  In connection with an acquisition of an investment management or advisory business, or related investment services, products or assets, by Federated or its investment advisory subsidiaries, an investor (including a natural person) who: (1) becomes a client of an investment advisory subsidiary of Federated; or (2) is a shareholder or interest holder of a pooled investment vehicle or product that becomes advised or subadvised by a Federated investment advisory subsidiary as a result of such an acquisition other than as a result of a fund reorganization transaction pursuant to an agreement and plan of reorganization.
The following categories of Eligible Investors are subject to applicable minimum initial investment amounts for the purchase of the IS class (see “How to Purchase Shares” below):
■  An investor, other than a natural person, purchasing IS class directly from the Fund; and
■  In connection with an initial purchase of IS class through an exchange, an investor (including a natural person) who owned IS class of another Federated fund as of December 31, 2008.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliated service providers may pay fees as described below to financial intermediaries (such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers or third-party administrators) whose customers are shareholders of the Fund.
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FRONT-END SALES CHARGE REALLOWANCES
The Distributor receives a front-end sales charge on certain Share sales. The Distributor pays a portion of this charge to financial intermediaries that are eligible to receive it (the “Dealer Reallowance”) and retains any remaining portion of the front-end sales charge.
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive a Dealer Reallowance as follows:
A:  
Purchase Amount Dealer Reallowance
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $100,000 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.80%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
F:  
Less than $1 million 1.00%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
ADVANCE COMMISSIONS
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive an advance commission as follows:
A (for purchases over $1 million):  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
First $1 million - $5 million 0.75%
Next $5 million - $20 million 0.50%
Over $20 million 0.25%
Advance commissions are calculated on a year-by-year basis based on amounts invested during that year. Accordingly, with respect to additional purchase amounts, the advance commission breakpoint resets annually to the first breakpoint on the anniversary of the first purchase.
The A class purchases under this program may be made by Letter of Intent or by combining concurrent purchases. The above advance commission will be paid only on those purchases that were not previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer advance commission. Certain retirement accounts may not be eligible for this program.
B:  
  Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
All Purchase Amounts Up to 5.00%
    
C:  
  Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
All Purchase Amounts 1.00%
F:  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $2 million 1.00%
$2 million but less than $5 million 0.50%
$5 million or greater 0.25%
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RULE 12b-1 FEES
The Board has adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan, which allows payment of marketing fees of up to 0.05% (A class and F class) and 0.75% (B class and C class) of average net assets to the Distributor for the sale, distribution, administration and customer servicing of the Fund's A class, B class, C class and F class. When the Distributor receives Rule 12b-1 fees, it may pay some or all of them to financial intermediaries whose customers purchase Shares. The Fund's A class and F class have no present intention of paying, accruing or incurring any Rule 12b-1 fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. In addition, in connection with the sale of the B class and C class, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the B class and C class. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements. Because these Shares pay marketing fees on an ongoing basis, your investment cost may be higher over time than other shares with different sales charges and marketing fees.
service fees
A, B, C & F Classes
The Fund may pay Service Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to financial intermediaries or to Federated Shareholder Services Company (FSSC), a subsidiary of Federated, for providing services to shareholders and maintaining shareholder accounts. Intermediaries that receive Service Fees may include a company affiliated with management of Federated. If a financial intermediary receives Service Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees on that same account.
ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION FEES
The Fund may pay Account Administration Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to banks that are not registered as broker-dealers or investment advisers for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Account Administration Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Service Fees or Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
RECORDKEEPING FEES
The Fund may pay Recordkeeping Fees on an average-net-assets basis or on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing recordkeeping services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Recordkeeping Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees or Networking Fees on that same account.
networking fees
The Fund may reimburse Networking Fees on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders on certain non-omnibus accounts. If a financial intermediary receives Networking Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund's Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments, as described above, made by the Fund to the financial intermediary. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds, within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Fund and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
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How to Purchase Shares
You may purchase Shares of the Fund any day the NYSE is open. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. New investors must submit a completed New Account Form. All accounts, including those for which there is no minimum initial investment amount required, are subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus.
Where the Fund offers more than one Share class and you do not specify the class choice on your New Account Form or form of payment (e.g., Federal Reserve wire or check), you automatically will receive the A class.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
A, B, C & F Class
You may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund.
IS Class
Eligible investors may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund in the manner described above under “How is the Fund Sold?”
Where applicable, the required minimum initial investment for IS class is generally $1,000,000. There is no minimum subsequent investment amount.
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
■  Establish an account with the financial intermediary; and
■  Submit your purchase order to the financial intermediary before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time).
You will receive the next calculated NAV if the financial intermediary forwards the order on the same day, and forwards your payment by the prescribed trade settlement date (typically within one to three business days) to the Fund's transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“Transfer Agent”). You will become the owner of Shares and receive dividends when your payment is received in accordance with these time frames (provided that, if payment is received in the form of a check, the check clears). If your payment is not received in accordance with these time frames, or a check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses, fees or expenses incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
Financial intermediaries should send payments according to the instructions in the sections “By Wire” or “By Check.”
Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
■  Establish your account with the Fund by submitting a completed New Account Form; and
■  Send your payment to the Fund by Federal Reserve wire or check.
You will become the owner of Shares and your Shares will be priced at the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your wire or your check. If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
By Wire
To facilitate processing your order, please call the Fund before sending the wire. Send your wire to:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA
Dollar Amount of Wire
ABA Number 011000028
BNF: 23026552
Attention: Federated EDGEWIRE
Wire Order Number, Dealer Number or Group Number
Nominee/Institution Name
Fund Name and Number and Account Number
You cannot purchase Shares by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
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By Check
Make your check payable to The Federated Funds, note your account number on the check, and send it to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
If you send your check by a private courier or overnight delivery service that requires a street address, send it to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
Payment should be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request. For example, to protect against check fraud the Fund may reject any purchase request involving a check that is not made payable to The Federated Funds (including, but not limited to, requests to purchase Shares using third-party checks) or involving temporary checks or credit card checks.
By Direct Deposit
You may establish Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit arrangements for investments into the Fund by either calling a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400; or by completing the Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit Form, which is available on FederatedInvestors.com under Customer Service/Find a Form. You will receive a confirmation when this service is available.
THROUGH AN EXCHANGE
You may purchase Fund Shares through an exchange from another Federated fund. To do this you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
A, B, C & F Classes
You may purchase Shares through an exchange from the same share class of another Federated fund.
IS Class
You may purchase Shares through an exchange from any Federated fund or share class that does not have a stated sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge, except Shares of Federated Institutional Prime 60 Day Fund, Federated Institutional Money Market Management, Federated Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust, Federated Institutional Prime Obligations Fund, Federated Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund, Class A Shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund and Class R Shares of any Fund.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to purchase shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM (SIP)
Once you have opened an account, you may automatically purchase additional Shares on a regular basis by completing the SIP section of the New Account Form or by contacting the Fund or your financial intermediary. The minimum investment amount for SIPs is $50.
BY AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH)
Once you have opened an account, you may purchase additional Shares through a depository institution that is an ACH member. This purchase option can be established by completing the appropriate sections of the New Account Form.
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How to Redeem and Exchange Shares
You should redeem or exchange Shares:
■  through a financial intermediary if you purchased Shares through a financial intermediary; or
■  directly from the Fund if you purchased Shares directly from the Fund.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed for cash, or exchanged for shares of other Federated funds as described herein, on days on which the Fund computes its NAV. Redemption requests may be made by telephone or in writing.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Submit your redemption or exchange request to your financial intermediary by the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The redemption amount you will receive is based upon the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives the order from your financial intermediary.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
By Telephone
You may redeem or exchange Shares by simply calling the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
If you call before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), you will receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV.
By Mail
You may redeem or exchange Shares by sending a written request to the Fund.
You will receive a redemption amount based on the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your written request in proper form.
Send requests by mail to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Send requests by private courier or overnight delivery service to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
All requests must include:
■  Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration;
■  amount to be redeemed or exchanged;
■  signatures of all shareholders exactly as registered; and
■  if exchanging, the Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration into which you are exchanging.
Call your financial intermediary or the Fund if you need special instructions.
Signature Guarantees
Signatures must be guaranteed by a financial institution which is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program if:
■  your redemption will be sent to an address other than the address of record;
■  your redemption will be sent to an address of record that was changed within the last 30 days;
■  a redemption is payable to someone other than the shareholder(s) of record; or
■  transferring into another fund with a different shareholder registration.
A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect your account from fraud. Obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, savings association, credit union or broker, dealer or securities exchange member. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
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By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to redeem or exchange shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
PAYMENT METHODS FOR REDEMPTIONS
Your redemption proceeds will be mailed by check to your address of record. The following payment options are available if you complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form. These payment options require a signature guarantee if they were not established when the account was opened:
■  An electronic transfer to your account at a financial institution that is an ACH member; or
■  Wire payment to your account at a domestic commercial bank that is a Federal Reserve System member.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
LIMITATIONS ON REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
Redemption proceeds normally are wired or mailed within one business day after receiving a request in proper form. Payment may be delayed for up to seven days:
■  to allow your purchase to clear (as discussed below);
■  during periods of market volatility;
■  when a shareholder's trade activity or amount adversely impacts the Fund's ability to manage its assets; or
■  during any period when the Federal Reserve wire or applicable Federal Reserve banks are closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings.
If you request a redemption of Shares recently purchased by check (including a cashier's check or certified check), money order, bank draft or ACH, your redemption proceeds may not be made available for up to seven calendar days to allow the Fund to collect payment on the instrument used to purchase such Shares. If the purchase instrument does not clear, your purchase order will be canceled and you will be responsible for any losses incurred by the Fund as a result of your canceled order.
In addition, the right of redemption may be suspended, or the payment of proceeds may be delayed (including beyond seven days), during any period:
■  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
■  when trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC;
■  in which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or
■  as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Fund shareholders.
  You will not accrue interest or dividends on uncashed redemption checks from the Fund if those checks are undeliverable and returned to the Fund.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange Shares of the Fund. To do this, you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  In addition, the Fund may terminate your exchange privilege if your exchange activity is found to be excessive under the Fund's frequent trading policies. See “Account and Share InformationFrequent Trading Policies.”
A, B, C & F Classes
You may exchange Shares into shares of the same class of another Federated fund.
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IS Class
You may exchange Shares of the Fund for shares of any Federated fund or share class that does not have a stated sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge, except Shares of Federated Institutional Prime 60 Day Fund, Federated Institutional Money Market Management, Federated Institutional Tax-Free Cash Trust, Federated Institutional Prime Obligations Fund, Federated Institutional Prime Value Obligations Fund, Class A Shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund and Class R Shares of any Fund.
Systematic Withdrawal/Exchange Program
You may automatically redeem or exchange Shares. The minimum amount for all new or revised systematic redemptions or exchanges of Shares is $50 per transaction per fund. Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Payments should not be considered yield or income.
Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming Shares using this program.
Systematic Withdrawal Program (SWP) on B Class
You will not be charged a CDSC on SWP redemptions if:
■  you redeem 12% or less of your account value in a single year;
■  you reinvest all dividends and capital gains distributions;
■  your account has at least a $10,000 balance when you establish the SWP. (You cannot aggregate multiple B class accounts to meet this minimum balance.); and
■  for all B class accounts established on or after August 2, 2010, the minimum SWP redemption amount is $50 per transaction, per fund, including transactions that qualify for a CDSC waiver as outlined in this Prospectus.
You will be subject to a CDSC on redemption amounts that exceed the 12% annual limit. In measuring the redemption percentage, your account is valued when you establish the SWP and then annually at calendar year-end. You can redeem monthly, quarterly or semi-annually.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Telephone Transactions
The Fund will record your telephone instructions. If the Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.
Share Certificates
The Fund does not issue share certificates.
Security and Privacy Protection
ONLINE ACCOUNT and TELEPHONE ACCESS SECURITY
Federated Investors, Inc. will not be responsible for losses that result from unauthorized transactions, unless Federated does not follow procedures designed to verify your identity. When initiating a transaction by telephone or online, shareholders should be aware that any person with access to your account and other personal information including PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) may be able to submit instructions by telephone or online. Shareholders are responsible for protecting their identity by using strong usernames and complex passwords which utilize combinations of mixed case letters, numbers and symbols, and change passwords and PINs frequently.
Using Federated's Account Access website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services. The Transfer Agent has adopted security procedures to confirm that internet instructions are genuine. The Transfer Agent will also send you written confirmation of share transactions. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for losses or expenses that occur from fraudulent Internet instructions reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent or the Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone transaction requests are genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you written confirmation, or requiring other confirmation security procedures. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for relying on instructions submitted by telephone that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.
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ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each new customer who opens a Fund account and to determine whether such person's name appears on governmental lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. Pursuant to the requirements under the Patriot Act, the information obtained will be used for compliance with the Patriot Act or other applicable laws, regulations and rules in connection with money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Information required includes your name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), and other information that identifies you, including your social security number, tax identification number or other identifying number. The Fund cannot waive these requirements. The Fund is required by law to reject your Account Application if the required information is not provided. If, after reasonable effort, the Fund is unable to verify your identity or that of any other person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or believes it has identified potentially suspicious, fraudulent or criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account and redeem your shares at the next calculated NAV without your permission. Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) will be assessed upon redemption of your shares.
The Fund has a strict policy designed to protect the privacy of your personal information. A copy of Federated Investors' privacy policy notice was given to you at the time you opened your account. The Fund sends a copy of the privacy notice to you annually. You may also obtain the privacy notice by calling the Fund, or through Federated Investors' website.
Account and Share Information
CONFIRMATIONS AND ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
You will receive confirmation of purchases, redemptions and exchanges (except for systematic transactions). In addition, you will receive periodic statements reporting all account activity, including systematic transactions, dividends and capital gains paid.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS
The Fund declares and pays any dividends monthly to shareholders. Dividends are paid to all shareholders invested in the Fund on the record date. The record date is the date on which a shareholder must officially own Shares in order to earn a dividend.
In addition, the Fund pays any capital gains at least annually, and may make such special distributions of dividends and capital gains as may be necessary to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Your dividends and capital gains distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares without a sales charge, unless you elect cash payments. Dividends may also be reinvested without sales charges in shares of any class of any other Federated fund of which you are already a shareholder.
If you purchase Shares just before the record date for a capital gain distribution, you will pay the full price for the Shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution, whether or not you reinvest the distribution in Shares. Therefore, you should consider the tax implications of purchasing Shares shortly before the record date for a capital gain. Contact your financial intermediary or the Fund for information concerning when dividends and capital gains will be paid.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide a notice to shareholders regarding the source of distributions made by the Fund if such distributions are from sources other than ordinary investment income. In addition, important information regarding the Fund's distributions, if applicable, is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.Federatedinvestors.com/FundInformation.
Small Distributions and Uncashed Checks
Generally, dividend and/or capital gain distributions payable by check in an amount of less than $25 will be automatically reinvested in additional shares. This policy does not apply if you have elected to receive cash distributions that are directly deposited into your bank account via wire or ACH.
Additionally, if one or more dividend or capital gain distribution checks are returned as “undeliverable,” or remain uncashed for 180 days, all subsequent dividend and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. For questions on whether reinvestment applies to your distributions, please contact a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES
Federated reserves the right to close accounts if redemptions or exchanges cause the account balance to fall below:
■  $1,500 for the A, B, C and F classes (or in the case of IRAs, $250); and
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■  $25,000 for the IS class.
Before an account is closed, you will be notified and allowed at least 30 days to purchase additional Shares to meet the minimum.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund sends an IRS Form 1099 and an annual statement of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes. In addition, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your Shares. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Capital gains and non-exempt dividends are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund. Redemptions and exchanges are taxable sales. Please consult your tax adviser regarding your federal, state and local tax liability.
FREQUENT TRADING POLICIES
Frequent or short-term trading into and out of the Fund can have adverse consequences for the Fund and shareholders who use the Fund as a long-term investment vehicle. Such trading in significant amounts can disrupt the Fund's investment strategies (e.g., by requiring it to sell investments at inopportune times or maintain excessive short-term or cash positions to support redemptions), increase brokerage and administrative costs and affect the timing and amount of taxable gains distributed by the Fund. Investors engaged in such trading may also seek to profit by anticipating changes in the Fund's NAV in advance of the time as of which NAV is calculated or through an overall strategy to buy and sell Shares in response to incremental changes in the Fund's NAV.
The Fund's Board has approved policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive frequent or short-term trading of the Fund's Shares. The Fund monitors trading in Fund Shares in an effort to identify disruptive trading activity. The Fund monitors trades into and out of the Fund within a period of 30 days or less. The Fund may also monitor trades into and out of the Fund for potentially disruptive trading activity over periods longer than 30 days. The size of Share transactions subject to monitoring varies. Where it is determined that a shareholder has exceeded the detection amounts twice within a period of 12 months, the Fund will temporarily prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. If the shareholder continues to exceed the detection amounts for specified periods the Fund will impose lengthier trading restrictions on the shareholder, up to and including permanently prohibiting the shareholder from making any further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. Whether or not the specific monitoring limits are exceeded, the Fund's management or the Adviser may determine from the amount, frequency or pattern of purchases and redemptions or exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is or could be detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders and may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. No matter how the Fund defines its limits on frequent trading of Fund Shares, other purchases and sales of Fund Shares may have adverse effects on the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund's frequent trading restrictions, do not apply to purchases and sales of Fund Shares by other Federated funds. These funds impose the same frequent trading restrictions as the Fund at their shareholder level. In addition, allocation changes of the investing Federated fund are monitored, and the managers of the recipient fund must determine that there is no disruption to their management activity. The intent of this exception is to allow investing fund managers to accommodate cash flows and other activity that result from non-abusive trading in the investing fund, without being stopped from such trading because the aggregate of such trades exceeds the monitoring limits. Nonetheless, as with any trading in Fund Shares, purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares by other Federated funds could adversely affect the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund will not restrict transactions made on a non-discretionary basis by certain asset allocation programs, wrap programs, fund of funds, collective funds or other similar accounts that have been pre-approved by Federated (“Approved Accounts”). The Fund will continue to monitor transactions by the Approved Accounts and will seek to limit or restrict even non-discretionary transactions by Approved Accounts that are determined to be disruptive or harmful to the Fund.
The Fund's objective is that its restrictions on short-term trading should apply to all shareholders that are subject to the restrictions, regardless of the number or type of accounts in which Shares are held. However, the Fund anticipates that limitations on its ability to identify trading activity to specific shareholders, including where Shares are held through intermediaries in multiple or omnibus accounts, will mean that these restrictions may not be able to be applied uniformly in all cases.
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Other funds in the Federated family of funds may impose different monitoring policies or in some cases, may not monitor for frequent or short-term trading. Under normal market conditions such monitoring policies are designed to protect the funds being monitored and their shareholders and the operation of such policies and shareholder investments under such monitoring are not expected to have materially adverse impact on the Federated funds or their shareholders. If you plan to exchange your fund shares for shares of another Federated fund, please read the prospectus of that other Federated fund for more information.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, from time to time (for example, during periods of unusual market conditions), additional information regarding the Fund's portfolio holdings and/or composition may be posted to Federated's website. If and when such information is posted, its availability will be noted on, and the information will be accessible from, the home page of the website.
Who Manages the Fund?
The Board governs the Fund. The Board selects and oversees the Adviser, Federated Investment Management Company. The Adviser manages the Fund's assets, including buying and selling portfolio securities. Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
The Adviser and other subsidiaries of Federated advise approximately 122 equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds as well as a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds) which totaled approximately $361.1 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015. Federated was established in 1955 and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with approximately 1,445 employees. Federated provides investment products to approximately 8,400 investment professionals and institutions.
The Adviser advises approximately 89 fixed-income and money market mutual funds (including sub-advised funds) and private investment companies, which totaled approximately $237.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Lee R. Cunningham II is the lead Portfolio Manager responsible for managing the Fund. R.J. Gallo is a Portfolio Manager responsible for managing the Fund.
Lee R. Cunningham II
Lee R. Cunningham II, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since April 2009. He is Vice President of the Trust with respect to the Fund. Mr. Cunningham joined Federated in 1995 as an Investment Analyst and has been a Portfolio Manager since 1998. He was named an Assistant Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in January 1998 and became a Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in July 2000. From 1986 through 1994, Mr. Cunningham was a Project Engineer with Pennsylvania Power and Light Company. Mr. Cunningham received his M.B.A. with concentrations in Finance and Operations from the University of Pittsburgh.
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R.J. Gallo
R.J. Gallo, Senior Portfolio Manager and Head of the Municipal Bond Investment Group, has been the Fund's Portfolio Manager since April of 2010. Mr. Gallo joined Federated in 2000 as an Investment Analyst. He became a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2011. From 2005 to 2010 Mr. Gallo served as Vice President and from January 2002 through 2004 and as an Assistant Vice President of the Fund's Adviser. He has been a Portfolio Manager since December 2002. From 1996 to 2000, Mr. Gallo was a Financial Analyst and Trader at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Mr. Gallo has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and a Master's in Public Affairs with a concentration in Economics and Public Policy from Princeton University.
The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers' compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
ADVISORY FEES
The Fund's investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.60% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Risk/Return Summary: Fees and Expenses” table found in the “Fund Summary” section of the Prospectus.
A discussion of the Board's review of the Fund's investment advisory contract is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for the periods ended August 31 and February 28, respectively.
Financial Information
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund's financial performance for its past five fiscal years, or since inception, if the life of the Fund Share class is shorter. Some of the information presented is on a per Share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
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Financial HighlightsClass A Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $8.86 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95 $8.21
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.42
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.42 0.01 0.74 (0.84) 0.74
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.79 0.40 1.15 (0.44) 1.16
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.37) (0.39) (0.41) (0.40) (0.42)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $9.28 $8.86 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95
Total Return1 9.17% 4.63% 14.54% (5.17)% 14.58%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.89% 0.89% 0.89% 0.89% 0.89%
Net investment income 4.12% 4.42% 4.84% 4.53% 4.88%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.14% 0.15% 0.17% 0.15% 0.15%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $270,092 $230,664 $224,298 $215,101 $239,911
Portfolio turnover 10% 12% 19% 17% 14%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
34

Financial HighlightsClass B Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012  
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $8.85 $8.84 $8.11 $8.95 $8.21
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.31 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.36
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.42 (0.01) 0.71 (0.86) 0.74
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.73 0.34 1.07 (0.50) 1.10
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.31) (0.33) (0.34) (0.34) (0.36)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $9.27 $8.85 $8.84 $8.11 $8.95
Total Return1 8.35% 3.85% 13.56% (5.88)% 13.72%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 1.64% 1.64% 1.64% 1.64% 1.64%
Net investment income 3.38% 3.66% 4.09% 3.76% 4.15%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.14% 0.15% 0.17% 0.15% 0.15%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $12,241 $11,528 $13,424 $15,620 $22,783
Portfolio turnover 10% 12% 19% 17% 14%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
35

Financial HighlightsClass C Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012  
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $8.85 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95 $8.21
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.36
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.43 (0.00)1 0.74 (0.84) 0.74
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.74 0.33 1.09 (0.50) 1.10
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.31) (0.33) (0.35) (0.34) (0.36)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $9.28 $8.85 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95
Total Return2 8.47% 3.73% 13.69% (5.88)% 13.72%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 1.64% 1.64% 1.64% 1.64% 1.64%
Net investment income 3.37% 3.67% 4.09% 3.78% 4.13%
Expense waiver/reimbursement3 0.14% 0.15% 0.17% 0.15% 0.15%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $77,213 $61,093 $56,208 $53,002 $61,295
Portfolio turnover 10% 12% 19% 17% 14%
1 Represents less than $0.01.
2 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
3 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
36

Financial HighlightsClass F Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $8.86 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95 $8.21
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.40 0.42
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.42 0.01 0.74 (0.84) 0.74
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.79 0.40 1.15 (0.44) 1.16
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.37) (0.39) (0.41) (0.40) (0.42)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $9.28 $8.86 $8.85 $8.11 $8.95
Total Return1 9.17% 4.63% 14.54% (5.17)% 14.58%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.89% 0.89% 0.89% 0.89% 0.89%
Net investment income 4.12% 4.41% 4.84% 4.53% 4.89%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.14% 0.15% 0.17% 0.15% 0.15%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $213,796 $189,216 $187,704 $178,932 $203,396
Portfolio turnover 10% 12% 19% 17% 14%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
37

Financial HighlightsInstitutional Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
  Year Ended August 31, Period
Ended
08/31/20131
2016 2015 2014
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $8.85 $8.84 $8.11 $8.88
Income From Investment Operations:        
Net investment income 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.09
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.42 0.01 0.74 (0.78)
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.82 0.43 1.16 (0.69)
Less Distributions:        
Distributions from net investment income (0.40) (0.42) (0.43) (0.08)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $9.27 $8.85 $8.84 $8.11
Total Return2 9.45% 4.90% 14.71% (7.83)%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:        
Net expenses 0.64% 0.64% 0.64% 0.64%3
Net investment income 4.35% 4.67% 5.01% 6.05%3
Expense waiver/reimbursement4 0.14% 0.15% 0.16% 0.21%3
Supplemental Data:        
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $106,699 $63,857 $48,577 $2,426
Portfolio turnover 10% 12% 19% 17%5
1 Reflects operations for the period from June 11, 2013 (date of initial investment) to August 31, 2013.
2 Based on net asset value. Total returns for periods of less than one year are not annualized.
3 Computed on an annualized basis.
4 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
5 Portfolio turnover is calculated at the Fund level. Percentage indicated was calculated for the year ended August 31, 2013.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
38

Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following charts provide additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's assumed returns over a 10-year period. Each chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $10,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no redemption of Shares. Each chart also assumes that the Fund's annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period (except the B class, which converts to the A class after you have held them for eight years) and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratios used in each chart are the same as stated in the “Fees and Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus may not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). The maximum amount of any sales charge that might be imposed on the purchase of Shares (and deducted from the hypothetical initial investment of $10,000; the “Front-End Sales Charge”) is reflected in the “Hypothetical Expenses” column. The hypothetical investment information does not reflect the effect of charges (if any) normally applicable to redemptions of Shares (e.g., deferred sales charges, redemption fees). Mutual fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED MUNICIPAL HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND - A CLASS          
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.03%          
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 4.50%          
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $477.50 $10,027.50 $550.32 $9,929.14
2 $9,929.14 $496.46 $10,425.60 $104.30 $10,323.33
3 $10,323.33 $516.17 $10,839.50 $108.44 $10,733.17
4 $10,733.17 $536.66 $11,269.83 $112.75 $11,159.28
5 $11,159.28 $557.96 $11,717.24 $117.22 $11,602.30
6 $11,602.30 $580.12 $12,182.42 $121.88 $12,062.91
7 $12,062.91 $603.15 $12,666.06 $126.71 $12,541.81
8 $12,541.81 $627.09 $13,168.90 $131.74 $13,039.72
9 $13,039.72 $651.99 $13,691.71 $136.98 $13,557.40
10 $13,557.40 $677.87 $14,235.27 $142.41 $14,095.63
Cumulative   $5,724.97   $1,652.75  
39

FEDERATED MUNICIPAL HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND - B CLASS          
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.78%          
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE        
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $500.00 $10,500.00 $180.87 $10,322.00
2 $10,322.00 $516.10 $10,838.10 $186.69 $10,654.37
3 $10,654.37 $532.72 $11,187.09 $192.70 $10,997.44
4 $10,997.44 $549.87 $11,547.31 $198.91 $11,351.56
5 $11,351.56 $567.58 $11,919.14 $205.31 $11,717.08
6 $11,717.08 $585.85 $12,302.93 $211.92 $12,094.37
7 $12,094.37 $604.72 $12,699.09 $218.75 $12,483.81
8 $12,483.81 $624.19 $13,108.00 $225.79 $12,885.79
Converts from Class B to Class A     Annual Expense Ratio: 1.03%
9 $12,885.79 $644.29 $13,530.08 $135.36 $13,397.36
10 $13,397.36 $669.87 $14,067.23 $140.73 $13,929.24
Cumulative   $5,795.19   $1,897.03  
    
FEDERATED MUNICIPAL HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND - C CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.78%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $500.00 $10,500.00 $180.87 $10,322.00
2 $10,322.00 $516.10 $10,838.10 $186.69 $10,654.37
3 $10,654.37 $532.72 $11,187.09 $192.70 $10,997.44
4 $10,997.44 $549.87 $11,547.31 $198.91 $11,351.56
5 $11,351.56 $567.58 $11,919.14 $205.31 $11,717.08
6 $11,717.08 $585.85 $12,302.93 $211.92 $12,094.37
7 $12,094.37 $604.72 $12,699.09 $218.75 $12,483.81
8 $12,483.81 $624.19 $13,108.00 $225.79 $12,885.79
9 $12,885.79 $644.29 $13,530.08 $233.06 $13,300.71
10 $13,300.71 $665.04 $13,965.75 $240.56 $13,728.99
Cumulative   $5,790.36   $2,094.56  
40

FEDERATED MUNICIPAL HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND - F CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.03%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 1.00%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $495.00 $10,395.00 $203.99 $10,293.03
2 $10,293.03 $514.65 $10,807.68 $108.12 $10,701.66
3 $10,701.66 $535.08 $11,236.74 $112.42 $11,126.52
4 $11,126.52 $556.33 $11,682.85 $116.88 $11,568.24
5 $11,568.24 $578.41 $12,146.65 $121.52 $12,027.50
6 $12,027.50 $601.38 $12,628.88 $126.34 $12,504.99
7 $12,504.99 $625.25 $13,130.24 $131.36 $13,001.44
8 $13,001.44 $650.07 $13,651.51 $136.57 $13,517.60
9 $13,517.60 $675.88 $14,193.48 $142.00 $14,054.25
10 $14,054.25 $702.71 $14,756.96 $147.63 $14,612.20
Cumulative   $5,934.76   $1,346.83  
    
FEDERATED MUNICIPAL HIGH YIELD ADVANTAGE FUND - IS CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.78%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $500.00 $10,500.00 $79.65 $10,422.00
2 $10,422.00 $521.10 $10,943.10 $83.01 $10,861.81
3 $10,861.81 $543.09 $11,404.90 $86.51 $11,320.18
4 $11,320.18 $566.01 $11,886.19 $90.16 $11,797.89
5 $11,797.89 $589.89 $12,387.78 $93.97 $12,295.76
6 $12,295.76 $614.79 $12,910.55 $97.93 $12,814.64
7 $12,814.64 $640.73 $13,455.37 $102.06 $13,355.42
8 $13,355.42 $667.77 $14,023.19 $106.37 $13,919.02
9 $13,919.02 $695.95 $14,614.97 $110.86 $14,506.40
10 $14,506.40 $725.32 $15,231.72 $115.54 $15,118.57
Cumulative   $6,064.65   $966.06  
41

An SAI dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about the Fund and its investments is contained in the Fund's SAI and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders as they become available. The Annual Report's Management's Discussion of Fund Performance discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI contains a description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities. To obtain the SAI, Annual Report, Semi-Annual Report and other information without charge, and to make inquiries, call your financial intermediary or the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
These documents, as well as additional information about the Fund (including portfolio holdings, performance and distributions), are also available on Federated's website at FederatedInvestors.com.
You can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI) by writing to or visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. You may also access Fund information from the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You can purchase copies of this information by contacting the SEC by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the Public Reference Room's operations and copying fees.
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Investment Company Act File No. 811-6165
CUSIP 313923864
CUSIP 313923856
CUSIP 313923849
CUSIP 313923831
CUSIP 313923815
35400 (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Prospectus
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A MMIFX
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

A mutual fund seeking to provide current income by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally, distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities.
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee


Fund Summary Information
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust (the “Fund”)
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund's investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax and personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Class A Shares (A) of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in certain classes (e.g., A class) of Federated funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the “What Do Shares Cost?” section of the Prospectus on page 15.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

3.00%
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, as applicable)

0.00%
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (and other Distributions) (as a percentage of offering price)

None
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)

None
Exchange Fee

None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
 
Management Fee

0.40%
Distribution (12b-1) Fee

None
Other Expenses

0.51%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.91%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements1

(0.16)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements

0.75%
1 The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, line of credit expenses, and proxy-related expenses paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund's A class (after the voluntary waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.75% (the “Fee Limit”) up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) November 1, 2017; or (b) the date of the Fund's next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that operating expenses are as shown in the table above and remain the same. Although your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year $390
3 Years $581
5 Years $789
10 Years $1,386
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 12% of the average value of its portfolio.
1

RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENTS, RISKS and PERFORMANCE
What are the Fund's Main Investment Strategies?
The Fund pursues its objective by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT) for individuals and corporations.
The Fund's portfolio securities will be investment grade or of comparable quality. Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category, respectively.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund's dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity is between three and ten years, and its average-weighted duration is between three and seven years.
The securities in which the Fund may principally invest include tax-exempt securities, which may include, for example, general obligation bonds, special revenue bonds, private activity bonds, tax-increment financing bonds, municipal leases, zero-coupon securities, inverse floaters, municipal mortgage-backed securities and planned amortization classes. Certain of the tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement.
The Fund also may principally invest in derivative contracts (such as, for example, futures contracts, option contracts and swap contracts) and hybrid instruments to implement its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investments(s), to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector, to increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio or to hedge against potential losses.
The Fund also may invest in certain securities or other investments (such as market discount bonds, credit default swaps and other derivative transactions) that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes).
The Fund will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
What are the Main Risks of Investing in the Fund?
All mutual funds take investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The primary factors that may reduce the Fund's returns include:
■  Tax-Exempt Securities Risk. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability.
■  Interest Rate Risk. Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates.
■  Issuer Credit Risk. It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
■  Counterparty Credit Risk. A party to a transaction involving the Fund may fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategies.
■  Liquidity Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund invests may be less readily marketable and may be subject to greater fluctuation in price than other securities. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. Over-the-counter derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts.
2

■  Tax Risk. In order to be tax-exempt, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
■  Leverage Risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
■  Call Risk. The Fund's performance may be adversely affected by the possibility that an issuer of a security held by the Fund may redeem the security prior to maturity at a price below or above its current market value.
■  Sector Risk. Since the Fund invests in a portfolio of Michigan tax-exempt securities, the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states. Although it has diversified, Michigan's economy is still heavily dependent upon certain industries, especially automobile, manufacturing and related industries. Any downturns in these industries may adversely affect the economy of the state. A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses, or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these entities.
■  Prepayment Risk. When homeowners prepay their mortgages in response to lower interest rates, the Fund will be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates available. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of municipal mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities.
■  Credit Enhancement Risk. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.
■  Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. This increases the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that any one issuer has on the Fund's Share price and performance.
■  Risk Related to the Economy. The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market. Economic, political and financial conditions may, from time to time, cause the Fund to experience volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions or other potentially adverse effects. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
■  Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such contracts and instruments include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
■  Technology Risk. The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
The Shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
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Performance: Bar Chart and Table
Risk/Return Bar Chart
The bar chart and performance table below reflect historical performance data for the Fund and are intended to help you analyze the Fund's investment risks in light of its historical returns. The bar chart shows the variability of the Fund's A class total returns on a calendar year-by-year basis. The Average Annual Total Return Table shows returns averaged over the stated periods, and includes comparative performance information. The Fund's performance will fluctuate, and past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of future results. Updated performance information for the Fund is available under the “Products” section at FederatedInvestors.com or by calling 1-800-341-7400.
  
The total returns shown in the bar chart do not reflect payment of any sales charges or recurring shareholder account fees. If these charges or fees had been included, the returns shown would have been lower.
The Fund's A class total return for the nine-month period from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016, was 2.84%.
Within the periods shown in the bar chart, the Fund's A class highest quarterly return was 5.33% (quarter ended September 30, 2009). Its lowest quarterly return was (3.14)% (quarter ended December 31, 2010).
Average Annual Total Return Table
In addition to Return Before Taxes, Return After Taxes is shown for the Fund's A class to illustrate the effect of federal taxes on Fund returns. Actual after-tax returns depend on each investor's personal tax situation, and are likely to differ from those shown. After-tax returns are calculated using a standard set of assumptions. The stated returns assume the highest historical federal income and capital gains tax rates. These after-tax returns do not reflect the effect of any applicable state and local taxes. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors holding shares through tax-deferred programs, such as a 401(k) plan, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
(For the Periods Ended December 31, 2015)
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
A:      
Return Before Taxes (0.48)% 3.66% 3.55%
Return After Taxes on Distributions (0.55)% 3.63% 3.54%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 0.86% 3.52% 3.52%
S&P Municipal Bond Intermediate Index1
(reflects no deduction of fees, expenses or taxes)
6.44% 4.29% 4.99%
Morningstar Municipal Single State Intermediate Funds Average2 5.17% 3.45% 3.74%
1 The S&P Municipal Bond Intermediate Index consists of bonds in the S&P Municipal Bond Index with a minimum maturity of 3 years and a maximum maturity of 15 years. It is a subindex of the S&P Municipal Bond Index which tracks fixed-rate tax-free bonds and bonds subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). The index includes bonds of all quality—from “AAA” to non-rated, including defaulted bonds—from all sectors of the municipal bond market.
2 Morningstar figures represent the average of the total returns reported by all the mutual funds designed by Morningstar as falling into the respective category indicated.
FUND MANAGEMENT
The Fund's Investment Adviser is Federated Investment Management Company.
Lee R. Cunningham II, Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since May 1998.
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purchase and sale of fund shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange Shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open. Shares may be purchased through a financial intermediary firm that has entered into a Fund selling and/or servicing agreement with the Distributor or an affiliate (“Financial Intermediary”) or directly from the Fund, by wire or by check. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply. Redeem or exchange Shares through a financial intermediary or directly from the Fund by telephone at 1-800-341-7400 or by mail.
The minimum investment amount for the Fund's A class is generally $1,500 for initial investments and $100 for subsequent investments. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
TAX INFORMATION
It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be tax exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes (except for Michigan taxes, to the extent derived from Michigan tax-exempt investments and eligible for tax-exempt treatment under Michigan law). Although the Fund does not seek to realize capital gains, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Any Fund distributions of capital gains are taxable at applicable capital gains rates. The Fund is generally not a suitable investment for retirement accounts.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed in this Prospectus), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michi­gan municipalities. Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT) for individuals and corporations.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
What are the Fund's Investment Strategies?
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal strategies.
The Fund invests in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT.
The Fund's portfolio securities will be investment grade or of comparable quality. Investment -grade securities are securities that receive investment grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category, respectively.
The investment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks. The derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests generally are subject to these risks, as well as the risks of investment in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments, all as described in this Prospectus.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund's dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity is between three and ten years, and its average-weighted duration is between three and seven years.
The Fund's investment adviser (“Adviser”) actively manages the Fund's portfolio, seeking to manage the interest rate risk and credit risk assumed by the Fund and to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return.
The Adviser manages the Fund's interest rate risk by adjusting the duration of its portfolio. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The greater a portfolio's duration, the greater the potential change in the portfolio's value in response to a change in market interest rates.
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The Adviser will increase or reduce the Fund's portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Adviser expects interest rates to fall, it will maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Adviser expects interest rates to increase, it will shorten the portfolio duration. The Adviser uses hedging transactions for purposes of duration management. The Adviser considers a variety of factors in formulating its interest rate outlook, including (among others) the following:
■  Current and expected U.S. economic growth;
■  Current and expected interest rates and inflation;
■  The Federal Reserve's monetary policy; and
■  Supply and demand factors related to the municipal market and the effect they may have on the returns offered for various bond maturities.
The Adviser manages credit risk by performing a fundamental credit analysis on tax-exempt securities before the Fund purchases such securities. The Adviser considers various factors, including (among others) the following:
■  The economic feasibility of revenue bond financings and general purpose financings;
■  The financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; and
■  Political developments that may affect credit quality.
The Adviser monitors the credit risks of all portfolio securities on an ongoing basis by reviewing, as the Adviser considers necessary or appropriate in accordance with its procedures, periodic financial data and ratings of NRSROs. In addition to the review process described above, the Adviser may, for example and when appropriate, visit the site that the issuer is developing with the proceeds of the offering; and may engage in detailed discussions with the issuer regarding the offering.
The Adviser attempts to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return. Total return consists of two components: (1) income received from the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) changes in the market value of the Fund's portfolio securities and attendant increase or decrease in the net asset value (NAV) of Fund Shares. The Adviser seeks total return on an after-tax basis, so that it will try to maximize tax-exempt income distributions; make limited ordinary income distributions; and minimize or eliminate capital gains distributions.
In seeking to increase incremental after-tax total returns, the Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities that are trading at a price less than the original issue price (or market discount bonds), enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instruments in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s) or to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector. Additionally, by way of example, the Fund may use derivative contracts in an attempt to:
■  increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio;
■  obtain premiums from the sale of derivative contracts;
■  realize gains from trading a derivative contract; or
■  hedge against potential losses.
  There can be no assurance that the Fund's use of derivative contracts or hybrid instruments will work as intended.
Because the Fund refers to Michigan municipal investments in its name, it has an investment policy that it will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in taxable securities or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate tax-exempt securities); to maintain liquidity to meet shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such temporary investments could affect the Fund's investment returns. If the Fund invests in taxable securities, it may receive and distribute taxable income to investors and to that extent fail to meet its investment objectives.
What are the Fund's Principal Investments?
The following provides general information on the Fund's principal investments. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund's principal investments.
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TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
Tax-exempt securities are fixed-income securities that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer or on the basis of another authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable, pay interest that is not subject to federal regular income taxes. Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Typically, states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities issue tax-exempt securities. The market categorizes tax-exempt securities by their source of repayment. Certain of these tax-exempt securities may be subject to credit enhancement.
The following describes the principal types of tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest:
General Obligation Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer's power to exact property or other taxes. The issuer must impose and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. However, the issuer's authority to impose additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.
Special Revenue Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Special revenue bonds are payable solely from specific revenues received by the issuer such as specific taxes, assessments, tolls or fees. Bondholders may not collect from the municipality's general taxes or revenues. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to build a toll road and pledge the tolls to repay the bonds. Therefore, a shortfall in the tolls normally would result in a default on the bonds, or in certain cases, may result in a reduction in payments received in respect of the bonds.
Private Activity Bonds (A Type of Special Revenue Bond)
Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private projects. A certain percentage of the proceeds from a private activity bond is used for a private business use or a certain percentage of the debt service regarding a private activity bond is paid directly or indirectly from a private business use. A private business use is a trade or business carried on by any person or entity other than a governmental unit. Private activity bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the private entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy. The municipality would lend the proceeds from its bonds to the company using the factory, and the company would agree to make loan payments sufficient to cover interest and principal payments on the bonds. The bonds would be payable from the company's loan payments, and generally not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default of the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds.
Types of private activity bonds include, for example: bonds issued to obtain funds to provide water, sewage and solid waste facilities, qualified residential rental projects, certain local electric, gas and other heating and cooling facilities, qualified hazardous waste facilities, high speed intercity rail facilities, certain airports, docks, wharves and mass transportation facilities and qualified mortgages; qualified student loan bonds; qualified redevelopment bonds; and bonds used for certain organizations exempt from federal income taxation (qualified 501(c)(3) bonds).
The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the AMT. The Fund may invest in bonds subject to AMT.
Tax Increment Financing Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax increment financing (TIF) bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to projects within the TIF district. For example, a municipality may issue TIF bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The TIF bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from the merchants in the area. The bonds could fail to pay principal or interest if merchants' sales, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.
Municipal Leases (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipalities may enter into leases for equipment or facilities. In order to comply with state public financing laws, these leases are typically subject to annual appropriation. In other words, a municipality may end a lease, without penalty, by not providing for the lease payments in its annual budget. After the lease ends, the lessor can resell the equipment or facility but may lose money on the sale.
The Fund may invest in securities supported by pools of municipal leases. The most common type of lease-backed securities is certificates of participation (COPs). However, the Fund may also invest directly in individual leases.
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Zero-Coupon Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity unlike debt securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors buy zero-coupon securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero-coupon security. Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero-coupon security. A zero-coupon, step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.
There are many forms of zero-coupon securities. Some are issued at a discount and are referred to as zero-coupon or capital appreciation bonds. In addition, some securities give the issuer the option to deliver additional securities in place of cash interest payments, thereby increasing the amount payable at maturity. These are referred to as pay-in-kind or PIK securities.
Inverse Floaters (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
An inverse floater has a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction of market interest rates. Inverse floaters are used to enhance the income from a bond investment by employing leverage. When short-term market interest rates go up, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes down; when short-term market interest rates go down, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes up. Inverse floaters generally respond more rapidly to market interest rate changes than fixed-rate, tax-exempt securities. Inverse floaters are subject to interest rate risks and leverage risks.
Municipal Mortgage-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal mortgage-backed securities are special revenue bonds, the proceeds of which may be used to provide mortgage loans for single family homes or to finance multifamily housing. Municipal mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages. The mortgages that comprise a pool normally have similar interest rates, maturities and other terms. Mortgages may have fixed or adjustable rates. Municipal mortgage-backed securities generally have fixed interest rates.
Municipal mortgage-backed securities come in a variety of forms. The simplest forms of municipal mortgage-backed securities are unstructured bonds backed by the net interest and principal payments and prepayments from the underlying mortgages. As a result, the holders assume all interest rate and prepayment risks of the underlying mortgages. Other municipal mortgage-backed securities may have more complicated financial structures.
PACs (A Type of Municipal Mortgage-Backed Security)
PACs (planned amortization classes) are a sophisticated form of municipal mortgage-backed security issued with a companion class(es). PACs receive principal payments and prepayments at a specified rate. The companion classes receive principal payments and prepayments in excess of the specified rate. In addition, PACs will receive the companion classes' share of principal payments, if necessary, to cover a shortfall in the prepayment rate. This helps PACs to control prepayment risks by increasing the risks to their companion classes.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
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The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
Payment obligations arising in connection with derivative contracts are frequently required to be secured with margin (which is commonly called “collateral”). To the extent necessary to meet such requirements, the Fund may purchase U.S. Treasury and/or government agency securities.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
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Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps, and caps and floors.
OTHER INVESTMENTS, TRANSACTIONS, TECHNIQUES
Credit Enhancement
The Fund may invest in securities that have credit enhancement. Credit enhancement consists of an arrangement in which a company agrees to pay amounts due on a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) if the issuer defaults. In some cases the company providing credit enhancement makes all payments directly to the security holders and receives reimbursement from the issuer. Normally, the credit enhancer has greater financial resources and liquidity than the issuer. For this reason, the Adviser may evaluate the credit risk of a fixed-income security based solely upon its credit enhancement.
Common types of credit enhancement include guarantees, letters of credit, bond insurance and surety bonds. Credit enhancement also includes arrangements where securities or other liquid assets secure payment of a fixed-income security. If a default occurs, these assets may be sold and the proceeds paid to the security's holders. Either form of credit enhancement reduces credit risks by providing another source of payment for a fixed-income security.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Delayed Delivery Transactions
Delayed delivery transactions, including when-issued transactions, are arrangements in which the Fund buys securities for a set price, with payment and delivery of the securities scheduled for a future time. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. The Fund records the transaction when it agrees to buy the securities and reflects their value in determining the price of its Shares. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these transactions so that the market values of the securities bought may vary from the purchase prices. Therefore, delayed delivery transactions create interest rate risks for the Fund. Delayed delivery transactions also involve credit risks in the event of a counterparty default. These transactions create leverage risks.
Asset Segregation
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
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Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Adviser will determine whether a security is investment-grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more NRSROs. For example, Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer's inability to pay interest or principal (“default”) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade.
If a security is downgraded below any minimum-quality grade discussed above, the Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund?
The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund's non-principal investments are described in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may include those issued by state or local governments, other political subdivisions or authorities, or directly or indirectly supported by taxes, assessments, tolls, fees or other revenue collected by or otherwise derived from or through such issuers. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Other factors include the general conditions of the tax-exempt securities market, the size of the particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. Like other issuers, there is no guarantee that the issuers of such securities will have sufficient revenues to satisfy their obligations (such as, for example, the payment of interest or principal when due). Legal, economic, political or other developments may raise impairments (such as, for example, limitations under applicable law on the issuer's authority to raise taxes, prolonged budgetary processes, declining real estate values or declining tax revenues) to such issuer's budgetary flexibility, liquidity and ability to satisfy its obligations. Such impairments may cause a downgrade in the credit ratings of such an issuer, or the securities issued or supported by it, and may cause such an issuer to defer payment of certain obligations, reduce or eliminate appropriations and/or default on its obligations.
Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of such issuers may continue or get worse. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability. As a result, in such situations, there would be heightened risk that there could be an interruption in payments to holders of tax-exempt securities in some cases. There also could be a reduction in the market value of the tax-exempt securities held by the Fund, which could adversely affect the Fund's net asset value or the distributions paid by the Fund.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates.
Certain factors, such as the presence of call features, may cause a particular fixed-income security, or the Fund as a whole, to exhibit less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Certain of the Fund's investments may also be valued, in part, by reference to the relative relationship between interest rates on tax-exempt securities and taxable securities, respectively. When the market for tax-exempt securities underperforms (or outperforms) the market for taxable securities, the value of these investments may be negatively affected (or positively affected).
ISSUER Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
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Many fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) receive credit ratings from NRSROs such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody's Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor's that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO's assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security's spread may also increase if the security's rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline.
COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK
Counterparty credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. Trading opportunities also are more limited for inverse floaters that have complex terms or that are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Tax Risk
In order to pay interest that is exempt from federal, state or local income tax, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable.
Changes or proposed changes in federal, state or local tax laws may cause the prices of tax-exempt securities to fall and/or may affect the tax-exempt status of the securities in which the Fund invests.
The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. Additionally, the Fund may not be able to close out certain derivative contracts when it wants to. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
Leverage Risk
The tax-exempt securities, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to leverage risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
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CALL RISK
The tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to call risk. Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) before maturity (a “call”) at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security's price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
SECTOR RISK
A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics, or by issuers located in the same state (such as Michigan). As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities. Developments affecting companies with similar characteristics might include changes in interest rates, changes in economic cycle affecting credit losses and regulatory changes.
Although it has diversified, Michigan's economy is still heavily dependent upon certain industries, especially automobile, manufacturing and related industries. Any downturn in these industries may adversely affect the economy of the state.
Since the Fund invests in a portfolio of Michigan tax-exempt securities: (a) the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states; and (b) the Fund's performance also may be negatively affected by other local, state or regional factors, such as, for example, natural disasters, which may affect the creditworthiness of municipal issuers or otherwise disrupt the local, state or regional economy or certain sectors of the economy.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Unlike traditional fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities), which pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity (when the entire principal amount is due), payments on municipal mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Partial payment of principal may be comprised of scheduled principal payments as well as unscheduled payments from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying loans. These unscheduled prepayments of principal create risks that can adversely affect a fund holding municipal mortgage-backed securities.
For example, when interest rates decline, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally rise. However, when interest rates decline, unscheduled prepayments can be expected to accelerate, and the Fund would be required to reinvest the proceeds of the prepayments at the lower interest rates then available. Unscheduled prepayments would also limit the potential for capital appreciation on municipal mortgage-backed securities.
Conversely, when interest rates rise, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally fall. Since rising interest rates typically result in decreased prepayments, this could lengthen the average lives of municipal mortgage-backed securities, and cause their value to decline more than traditional fixed-income securities.
Generally, municipal mortgage-backed securities compensate for the increased risk associated with prepayments by paying a higher yield. The additional interest paid for risk is measured by the difference between the yield of a municipal mortgage-backed security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”). An increase in the spread will cause the price of the municipal mortgage-backed security to decline. Spreads generally increase in response to adverse economic or market conditions. Spreads may also increase if the security is perceived to have an increased prepayment risk or is perceived to have less market demand.
Credit Enhancement Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security's value due to changes in market conditions. Securities subject to credit enhancement generally would be assigned a lower credit rating if the rating were based primarily on the credit quality of the issuer without regard to the credit enhancement. If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded.
A single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Fund's investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund, as the Fund may invest in securities credit enhanced by banks or by bond insurers without limit. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, including the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress.
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RISK OF NON-DIVERSIFIED FUND
The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. In certain situations, being non-diversified may reduce the Fund's credit risk by enabling it to avoid investing in certain countries, regions or sectors that exhibit above average credit risk. However, being non-diversified may also increase the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that only one issuer has on the Fund's share price and performance.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions may from time to time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other factors, which could negatively impact the Fund's performance. A general rise in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities, and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin, or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or in the Fund's SAI, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
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technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
What Do Shares Cost?
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
When the Fund receives your transaction request in proper form (as described in this Prospectus), it is processed at the next calculated net asset value of a Share (NAV) plus any applicable front-end sales charge (public offering price). A Share's NAV is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV by valuing its assets, subtracting its liabilities and dividing the balance by the number of Shares outstanding. The Fund's current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedInvestors.com, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
You can purchase, redeem or exchange Shares any day the NYSE is open.
When the Fund holds fixed-income securities that trade on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund's assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees (“Board”).
■  Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and asked quotations.
■  Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures. The Fund's SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee to assist the Board in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of such investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
The following table summarizes the minimum investment amount and the maximum sales charge, if any, that you will pay on an investment in the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
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  Minimum
Initial/Subsequent
Investment
Amounts1
Maximum Sales Charges
Shares Offered Front-End
Sales Charge2
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge3
A $1,500/$100 3.00% 0.00%
1 Please see “By Systematic Investment Program” for applicable minimum investment. Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund.
2 Front-End Sales Charge is expressed as a percentage of public offering price. See “Sales Charge When You Purchase.”
3 See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
SALES CHARGE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
The following table lists the sales charges which will be applied to your Share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the table and described below.
Purchase Amount Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $50,000 3.00% 3.09%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 2.50% 2.56%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 2.00% 2.04%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 1.50% 1.52%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.00% 1.01%
$1 million or greater1 0.00% 0.00%
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) of 0.75% of the redemption amount applies to Shares originally purchased in an amount of $1 million or more and redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where a financial intermediary received an advance payment on the transaction. CDSC exceptions may apply, See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
REDUCING THE SALES CHARGE WITH BREAKPOINT DISCOUNTS
Your investment may qualify for a reduction or elimination of the sales charge, also known as a breakpoint discount. The breakpoint discounts offered by the Fund are indicated in the table above.
You or your financial intermediary must notify the Fund's Transfer Agent of eligibility for any applicable breakpoint discount at the time of purchase.
In order to receive the applicable breakpoint discount, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint (“Qualifying Accounts”). Qualifying Accounts mean those share accounts in the Federated funds held directly or through a financial intermediary or through a single-participant retirement account by you, your spouse, your parents (if you are under age 21) and/or your children under age 21, which can be linked using tax identification numbers (TINs), social security numbers (SSNs) or broker identification numbers (BINs). Accounts held through 401(k) plans and similar multi-participant retirement plans, or through “Section 529” college savings plans or those accounts which cannot be linked using TINs, SSNs or BINs, are not Qualifying Accounts.
In order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount, you will be required to provide to your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent certain information on your New Account Form and may be required to provide account statements regarding Qualifying Accounts. If you purchase through a financial intermediary, you may be asked to provide additional information and records as required by the financial intermediary. Failure to provide proper notification or verification of eligibility for a breakpoint discount may result in your not receiving a breakpoint discount to which you are otherwise entitled. Breakpoint discounts apply only to your current purchase and do not apply retroactively to previous purchases. The sales charges applicable to the Shares offered in this Prospectus, and the breakpoint discounts offered with respect to such Shares, are described in full in this Prospectus. Because the Prospectus is available on Federated's website free of charge, Federated does not disclose this information separately on the website.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge at purchase of the A class only, may be reduced or eliminated by:
Larger Purchases
■  Purchasing the A class in greater quantities to reduce the applicable sales charge;
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Concurrent and Accumulated Purchases
■  Combining concurrent purchases of and/or current investments in the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class of any Federated fund made or held by Qualifying Accounts; the purchase amount used in determining the sales charge on your additional Share purchase will be calculated by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in Qualifying Accounts and adding the dollar amount of your current purchase; or
Letter of Intent
■  Signing a letter of intent to purchase a qualifying amount of the A class within 13 months. (Call your financial intermediary or the Fund for more information.) The Fund's custodian will hold Shares in escrow equal to the maximum applicable sales charge. If you complete the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will release the Shares in escrow to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will redeem the appropriate amount from the Shares held in escrow to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
ELIMINATING The SALES CHARGE
Your investment may qualify for a sales charge waiver. Sales charge waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a sales charge waiver, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each purchase that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your investment is eligible for a sales charge waiver at the time of purchase, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge will be eliminated when you purchase or acquire Shares:
■  within 120 days of redeeming Shares of an equal or greater amount;
■  through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive a dealer reallowance on purchases under such program;
■  with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  issued in connection with the merger, consolidation or acquisition of the assets of another fund. Further, the sales charge will be eliminated on purchases of Shares made by a shareholder that originally became a shareholder of a Federated Fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits shareholders to acquire Shares at NAV, provided that such purchased Shares are held directly with the Fund's transfer agent. If the Shares are held through a financial intermediary, the sales charge waiver will not apply (A class only);
■  as a Federated Life Member (Federated shareholders who originally were issued shares through the “Liberty Account,” which was an account for the Liberty Family of Funds on February 28, 1987, or who invested through an affinity group prior to August 1, 1987, into the Liberty Account) (A class only);
■  as a Trustee, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, an employee of any financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals; or
■  pursuant to the exchange privilege.
  The sales charge will not be eliminated if you purchase Shares of the Fund through an exchange of shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund unless your Federated Government Reserves Fund shares were acquired through an exchange of shares on which the sales charge had previously been paid.
sales charge when you redeem
Your redemption proceeds may be reduced by a sales charge, commonly referred to as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC at the time of an exchange; however, the CDSC will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase. The CDSC schedule applicable to your original purchase will continue to apply to the shares you receive in an exchange.
To keep the sales charge as low as possible, the Fund redeems your Shares in this order:
■  Shares that are not subject to a CDSC; and
■  Shares held the longest. (To determine the number of years your Shares have been held, include the time you held shares of other Federated funds that have been exchanged for Shares of this Fund.)
The CDSC is then calculated using the Share price at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is lower.
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A:    
If you make a purchase of the A class in the amount of $1 million or more and your financial intermediary received an advance commission on the sale, you will pay a 0.75% CDSC on any such Shares redeemed within 24 months of the purchase.
Your redemption may qualify for a waiver of the CDSC. The CDSC waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a waiver of the CDSC, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each redemption that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent in order to take advantage of the waiver. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your redemption is eligible for a CDSC waiver at the time of redemption, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, you will not be charged a CDSC when redeeming Shares:
■  following the death of the last surviving shareholder on the account or the post-purchase disability of all registered shareholders, as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the beneficiary on an account with a Transfer on Death registration is deemed the last surviving shareholder on the account);
■  due to the termination of a trust following the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, provided that the trust document specifically states that the trust is terminated upon the death;
■  representing minimum required distributions from an IRA or other retirement plan as required under the Internal Revenue Code;
■  purchased by Trustees, employees of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, by employees of a financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, by the immediate family members of the above persons and by trusts, pension or profit-sharing plans for the above persons;
■  purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive an advance commission on purchases under such program;
■  purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  redeemed by the Fund when it closes an account for not meeting the minimum balance requirements;
■  purchased pursuant to the exchange privilege, if the Shares were held for the applicable CDSC holding period (the holding period on the Shares purchased in the exchange will include the holding period of the Shares sold in the exchange); or
■  purchased in the amount of $1 million or more and redeemed within 24 months of purchase if the Shares were originally purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement, or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the principal underwriter not to receive an advanced commission on purchases under such program;
How is the Fund Sold?
The Fund offers one Share class Class A Shares (A), representing interests in a single portfolio of securities. A share class has sales charges and expenses which affect its performance. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply.
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor, Federated Securities Corp., offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The Fund may not be a suitable investment for retirement plans or for non-Michigan taxpayers because it invests in Michigan tax-exempt securities.
The Fund's Distributor markets the A class described in this Prospectus to customers of financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, banks, fiduciaries and investment advisers, or to individuals, directly or through financial intermediaries.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliated service providers may pay fees as described below to financial intermediaries (such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers or third-party administrators) whose customers are shareholders of the Fund.
FRONT-END SALES CHARGE REALLOWANCES
The Distributor receives a front-end sales charge on certain Share sales. The Distributor pays a portion of this charge to financial intermediaries that are eligible to receive it (the “Dealer Reallowance”) and retains any remaining portion of the front-end sales charge.
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When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive a Dealer Reallowance as follows:
  Dealer Reallowance
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $50,000 3.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000 2.50%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 2.00%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 1.50%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.00%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
ADVANCE COMMISSIONS
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive an advance commission as follows:
A (for purchases over $1 million):  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
First $1 million - $5 million 0.75%
Next $5 million - $20 million 0.50%
Over $20 million 0.25%
Advance commissions are calculated on a year-by-year basis based on amounts invested during that year. Accordingly, with respect to additional purchase amounts, the advance commission breakpoint resets annually to the first breakpoint on the anniversary of the first purchase.
The A class purchases under this program may be made by Letter of Intent or by combining concurrent purchases. The above advance commission will be paid only on those purchases that were not previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer advance commission. Certain retirement accounts may not be eligible for this program.
service fees
The Fund may pay Service Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to financial intermediaries or to Federated Shareholder Services Company (FSSC), a subsidiary of Federated, for providing services to shareholders and maintaining shareholder accounts. Intermediaries that receive Service Fees may include a company affiliated with management of Federated. If a financial intermediary receives Service Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees on that same account.
ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION FEES
The Fund may pay Account Administration Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to banks that are not registered as broker-dealers or investment advisers for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Account Administration Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Service Fees or Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
RECORDKEEPING FEES
The Fund may pay Recordkeeping Fees on an average-net-assets basis or on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing recordkeeping services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Recordkeeping Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees or Networking Fees on that same account.
networking fees
The Fund may reimburse Networking Fees on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders on certain non-omnibus accounts. If a financial intermediary receives Networking Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
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ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund's Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments, as described above, made by the Fund to the financial intermediary. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds, within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Fund and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
How to Purchase Shares
You may purchase Shares of the Fund any day the NYSE is open. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. New investors must submit a completed New Account Form. All accounts, including those for which there is no minimum initial investment amount required, are subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
You may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund.
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Establish an account with the financial intermediary; and submit your purchase order to the financial intermediary before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). You will receive the next calculated NAV if the financial intermediary forwards the order on the same day, and forwards your payment by the prescribed trade settlement date (typically within one to three business days) to the Fund's transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“Transfer Agent”). You will become the owner of Shares and receive dividends when your payment is received in accordance with these time frames (provided that, if payment is received in the form of a check, the check clears). If your payment is not received in accordance with these time frames, or a check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses, fees or expenses incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
Financial intermediaries should send payments according to the instructions in the sections “By Wire” or “By Check.”
Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
■  Establish your account with the Fund by submitting a completed New Account Form; and
■  Send your payment to the Fund by Federal Reserve wire or check.
You will become the owner of Shares and your Shares will be priced at the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your wire or your check. If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
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By Wire
To facilitate processing your order, please call the Fund before sending the wire. Send your wire to:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA
Dollar Amount of Wire
ABA Number 011000028
BNF: 23026552
Attention: Federated EDGEWIRE
Wire Order Number, Dealer Number or Group Number
Nominee/Institution Name
Fund Name and Number and Account Number
You cannot purchase Shares by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
By Check
Make your check payable to The Federated Funds, note your account number on the check, and send it to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
If you send your check by a private courier or overnight delivery service that requires a street address, send it to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
Payment should be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request. For example, to protect against check fraud the Fund may reject any purchase request involving a check that is not made payable to The Federated Funds (including, but not limited to, requests to purchase Shares using third-party checks) or involving temporary checks or credit card checks.
By Direct Deposit
You may establish Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit arrangements for investments into the Fund by either calling a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400; or by completing the Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit Form, which is available on FederatedInvestors.com under Customer Service/Find a Form. You will receive a confirmation when this service is available.
THROUGH AN EXCHANGE
You may purchase Fund Shares through an exchange from another Federated fund. To do this you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  You may purchase Shares through an exchange from the same share class of another Federated fund.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to purchase shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM (SIP)
Once you have opened an account, you may automatically purchase additional Shares on a regular basis by completing the SIP section of the New Account Form or by contacting the Fund or your financial intermediary. The minimum investment amount for SIPs is $50.
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BY AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH)
Once you have opened an account, you may purchase additional Shares through a depository institution that is an ACH member. This purchase option can be established by completing the appropriate sections of the New Account Form.
How to Redeem and Exchange Shares
You should redeem or exchange Shares:
■  through a financial intermediary if you purchased Shares through a financial intermediary; or
■  directly from the Fund if you purchased Shares directly from the Fund.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed for cash, or exchanged for shares of other Federated funds as described herein, on days on which the Fund computes its NAV. Redemption requests may be made by telephone or in writing.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Submit your redemption or exchange request to your financial intermediary by the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The redemption amount you will receive is based upon the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives the order from your financial intermediary.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
By Telephone
You may redeem or exchange Shares by simply calling the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
If you call before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), you will receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV.
By Mail
You may redeem or exchange Shares by sending a written request to the Fund.
You will receive a redemption amount based on the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your written request in proper form.
Send requests by mail to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Send requests by private courier or overnight delivery service to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
All requests must include:
■  Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration;
■  amount to be redeemed or exchanged;
■  signatures of all shareholders exactly as registered; and
■  if exchanging, the Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration into which you are exchanging.
Call your financial intermediary or the Fund if you need special instructions.
Signature Guarantees
Signatures must be guaranteed by a financial institution which is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program if:
■  your redemption will be sent to an address other than the address of record;
■  your redemption will be sent to an address of record that was changed within the last 30 days;
■  a redemption is payable to someone other than the shareholder(s) of record; or
■  transferring into another fund with a different shareholder registration.
A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect your account from fraud. Obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, savings association, credit union or broker, dealer or securities exchange member. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
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By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to redeem or exchange shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
PAYMENT METHODS FOR REDEMPTIONS
Your redemption proceeds will be mailed by check to your address of record. The following payment options are available if you complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form. These payment options require a signature guarantee if they were not established when the account was opened:
■  An electronic transfer to your account at a financial institution that is an ACH member; or
■  Wire payment to your account at a domestic commercial bank that is a Federal Reserve System member.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
LIMITATIONS ON REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
Redemption proceeds normally are wired or mailed within one business day after receiving a request in proper form. Payment may be delayed for up to seven days:
■  to allow your purchase to clear (as discussed below);
■  during periods of market volatility;
■  when a shareholder's trade activity or amount adversely impacts the Fund's ability to manage its assets; or
■  during any period when the Federal Reserve wire or applicable Federal Reserve banks are closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings.
If you request a redemption of Shares recently purchased by check (including a cashier's check or certified check), money order, bank draft or ACH, your redemption proceeds may not be made available for up to seven calendar days to allow the Fund to collect payment on the instrument used to purchase such Shares. If the purchase instrument does not clear, your purchase order will be canceled and you will be responsible for any losses incurred by the Fund as a result of your canceled order.
In addition, the right of redemption may be suspended, or the payment of proceeds may be delayed (including beyond seven days), during any period:
■  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
■  when trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC;
■  in which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or
■  as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Fund shareholders.
  You will not accrue interest or dividends on uncashed redemption checks from the Fund if those checks are undeliverable and returned to the Fund.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange Shares of the Fund. To do this, you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  In addition, the Fund may terminate your exchange privilege if your exchange activity is found to be excessive under the Fund's frequent trading policies. See “Account and Share InformationFrequent Trading Policies.”
You may exchange Shares into shares of the same class of another Federated fund.
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Systematic Withdrawal/Exchange Program
You may automatically redeem or exchange Shares. The minimum amount for all new or revised systematic redemptions or exchanges of Shares is $50 per transaction per fund. Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Payments should not be considered yield or income.
Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming Shares using this program.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Telephone Transactions
The Fund will record your telephone instructions. If the Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.
Share Certificates
The Fund no longer issues share certificates. If you are redeeming or exchanging Shares represented by certificates previously issued by the Fund, you must return the certificates with your written redemption or exchange request. For your protection, send your certificates by registered or certified mail, but do not endorse them.
Security and Privacy Protection
ONLINE ACCOUNT and TELEPHONE ACCESS SECURITY
Federated Investors, Inc. will not be responsible for losses that result from unauthorized transactions, unless Federated does not follow procedures designed to verify your identity. When initiating a transaction by telephone or online, shareholders should be aware that any person with access to your account and other personal information including PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) may be able to submit instructions by telephone or online. Shareholders are responsible for protecting their identity by using strong usernames and complex passwords which utilize combinations of mixed case letters, numbers and symbols, and change passwords and PINs frequently.
Using Federated's Account Access website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services. The Transfer Agent has adopted security procedures to confirm that internet instructions are genuine. The Transfer Agent will also send you written confirmation of share transactions. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for losses or expenses that occur from fraudulent Internet instructions reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent or the Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone transaction requests are genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you written confirmation, or requiring other confirmation security procedures. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for relying on instructions submitted by telephone that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each new customer who opens a Fund account and to determine whether such person's name appears on governmental lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. Pursuant to the requirements under the Patriot Act, the information obtained will be used for compliance with the Patriot Act or other applicable laws, regulations and rules in connection with money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Information required includes your name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), and other information that identifies you, including your social security number, tax identification number or other identifying number. The Fund cannot waive these requirements. The Fund is required by law to reject your Account Application if the required information is not provided. If, after reasonable effort, the Fund is unable to verify your identity or that of any other person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or believes it has identified potentially suspicious, fraudulent or criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account and redeem your shares at the next calculated NAV without your permission. Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) will be assessed upon redemption of your shares.
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The Fund has a strict policy designed to protect the privacy of your personal information. A copy of Federated Investors' privacy policy notice was given to you at the time you opened your account. The Fund sends a copy of the privacy notice to you annually. You may also obtain the privacy notice by calling the Fund, or through Federated Investors' website.
Account and Share Information
CONFIRMATIONS AND ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
You will receive confirmation of purchases, redemptions and exchanges (except for systematic transactions). In addition, you will receive periodic statements reporting all account activity, including systematic transactions, dividends and capital gains paid.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS
The Fund declares any dividends daily and pays them monthly to shareholders. If you purchase Shares by wire, you begin earning dividends on the day your wire is received. If you purchase Shares by check, you begin earning dividends on the business day after the Fund receives your check. In either case, you earn dividends through the day your redemption request is received.
In addition, the Fund pays any capital gains at least annually, and may make such special distributions of dividends and capital gains as may be necessary to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Your dividends and capital gains distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares without a sales charge, unless you elect cash payments. Dividends may also be reinvested without sales charges in shares of any class of any other Federated fund of which you are already a shareholder.
If you purchase Shares just before the record date for a capital gain distribution, you will pay the full price for the Shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution, whether or not you reinvest the distribution in Shares. Therefore, you should consider the tax implications of purchasing Shares shortly before the record date for a capital gain. Contact your financial intermediary or the Fund for information concerning when dividends and capital gains will be paid.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide a notice to shareholders regarding the source of distributions made by the Fund if such distributions are from sources other than ordinary investment income. In addition, important information regarding the Fund's distributions, if applicable, is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.Federatedinvestors.com/FundInformation.
Small Distributions and Uncashed Checks
Generally, dividend and/or capital gain distributions payable by check in an amount of less than $25 will be automatically reinvested in additional shares. This policy does not apply if you have elected to receive cash distributions that are directly deposited into your bank account via wire or ACH.
Additionally, if one or more dividend or capital gain distribution checks are returned as “undeliverable,” or remain uncashed for 180 days, all subsequent dividend and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. For questions on whether reinvestment applies to your distributions, please contact a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES
Federated reserves the right to close accounts if redemptions or exchanges cause the account balance to fall below $1,500. Before an account is closed, you will be notified and allowed at least 30 days to purchase additional Shares to meet the minimum.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund sends an IRS Form 1099 and an annual statement of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes, although the Fund's dividends will be exempt from the Michigan taxes discussed above to the extent they are derived from interest on obligations exempt from such taxes. In addition, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net long- term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your Shares. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Capital gains and non-exempt dividends are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund. Redemptions and exchanges are taxable sales. Please consult your tax adviser regarding your federal, state and local tax liability.
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FREQUENT TRADING POLICIES
Frequent or short-term trading into and out of the Fund can have adverse consequences for the Fund and shareholders who use the Fund as a long-term investment vehicle. Such trading in significant amounts can disrupt the Fund's investment strategies (e.g., by requiring it to sell investments at inopportune times or maintain excessive short-term or cash positions to support redemptions), increase brokerage and administrative costs and affect the timing and amount of taxable gains distributed by the Fund. Investors engaged in such trading may also seek to profit by anticipating changes in the Fund's NAV in advance of the time as of which NAV is calculated.
The Fund's Board has approved policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive frequent or short-term trading of the Fund's Shares. The Fund monitors trading in Fund Shares in an effort to identify disruptive trading activity. The Fund monitors trades into and out of the Fund within a period of 30 days or less. The Fund may also monitor trades into and out of the Fund for potentially disruptive trading activity over periods longer than 30 days. The size of Share transactions subject to monitoring varies. Where it is determined that a shareholder has exceeded the detection amounts twice within a period of 12 months, the Fund will temporarily prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. If the shareholder continues to exceed the detection amounts for specified periods the Fund will impose lengthier trading restrictions on the shareholder, up to and including permanently prohibiting the shareholder from making any further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. Whether or not the specific monitoring limits are exceeded, the Fund's management or the Adviser may determine from the amount, frequency or pattern of purchases and redemptions or exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is or could be detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders and may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. No matter how the Fund defines its limits on frequent trading of Fund Shares, other purchases and sales of Fund Shares may have adverse effects on the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund's frequent trading restrictions do not apply to purchases and sales of Fund Shares by other Federated funds. These funds impose the same frequent trading restrictions as the Fund at their shareholder level. In addition, allocation changes of the investing Federated fund are monitored, and the managers of the recipient fund must determine that there is no disruption to their management activity. The intent of this exception is to allow investing fund managers to accommodate cash flows and other activity that result from non-abusive trading in the investing fund, without being stopped from such trading because the aggregate of such trades exceeds the monitoring limits. Nonetheless, as with any trading in Fund Shares, purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares by other Federated funds could adversely affect the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund will not restrict transactions made on a non-discretionary basis by certain asset allocation programs, wrap programs, fund of funds, collective funds or other similar accounts that have been pre-approved by Federated (“Approved Accounts”). The Fund will continue to monitor transactions by the Approved Accounts and will seek to limit or restrict even non-discretionary transactions by Approved Accounts that are determined to be disruptive or harmful to the Fund.
The Fund's objective is that its restrictions on short-term trading should apply to all shareholders that are subject to the restrictions, regardless of the number or type of accounts in which Shares are held. However, the Fund anticipates that limitations on its ability to identify trading activity to specific shareholders, including where Shares are held through intermediaries in multiple or omnibus accounts, will mean that these restrictions may not be able to be applied uniformly in all cases.
Other funds in the Federated family of funds may impose different monitoring policies or in some cases, may not monitor for frequent or short-term trading. Under normal market conditions such monitoring policies are designed to protect the funds being monitored and their shareholders and the operation of such policies and shareholder investments under such monitoring are not expected to have materially adverse impact on the Federated funds or their shareholders. If you plan to exchange your fund shares for shares of another Federated fund, please read the prospectus of that other Federated fund for more information.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
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You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, from time to time (for example, during periods of unusual market conditions), additional information regarding the Fund's portfolio holdings and/or composition may be posted to Federated's website. If and when such information is posted, its availability will be noted on, and the information will be accessible from, the home page of the website.
Who Manages the Fund?
The Board governs the Fund. The Board selects and oversees the Adviser, Federated Investment Management Company. The Adviser manages the Fund's assets, including buying and selling portfolio securities. Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
The Adviser and other subsidiaries of Federated advise approximately 122 equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds as well as a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds) which totaled approximately $361.1 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015. Federated was established in 1955 and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with approximately 1,445 employees. Federated provides investment products to approximately 8,400 investment professionals and institutions.
The Adviser advises approximately 89 fixed-income and money market mutual funds (including sub-advised funds) and private investment companies, which totaled approximately $237.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
Lee R. Cunningham II
Lee R. Cunningham II has been a Portfolio Manager of the Fund since May 1998. Mr. Cunningham joined Federated in 1995 as an Investment Analyst and has been a Portfolio Manager since 1998. He was named an Assistant Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in January 1998 and became a Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in July 2000. From 1986 through 1994, Mr. Cunningham was a Project Engineer with Pennsylvania Power and Light Company. Mr. Cunningham received his M.B.A. with concentrations in Finance and Operations from the University of Pittsburgh.
The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager's compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
ADVISORY FEES
The Fund's investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.40% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Risk/Return Summary: Fees and Expenses” table found in the “Fund Summary” section of the Prospectus.
A discussion of the Board's review of the Fund's investment advisory contract is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for the periods ended August 31 and February 28, respectively.
Financial Information
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund's financial performance for its past five fiscal years. Some of the information is presented on a per Share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
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Financial HighlightsClass A Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $11.31 $11.39 $10.90 $11.59 $11.17
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.28 0.29 0.33 0.34 0.36
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss)
on investments
0.26 (0.08) 0.49 (0.67) 0.42
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.54 0.21 0.82 (0.33) 0.78
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.28) (0.29) (0.33) (0.33) (0.36)
Distributions from net realized gain on investments (0.03) (0.03)
TOTAL DISTRIBUTIONS (0.31) (0.29) (0.33) (0.36) (0.36)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.54 $11.31 $11.39 $10.90 $11.59
Total Return1 4.82% 1.88% 7.60% (2.89)% 7.11%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.75% 0.75% 0.73% 0.63% 0.62%
Net investment income 2.40% 2.57% 2.94% 2.95% 3.16%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.16% 0.16% 0.20% 0.26% 0.35%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $130,516 $129,662 $123,083 $121,759 $131,357
Portfolio turnover 12% 25% 19% 8% 13%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
28

Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following chart provides additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's assumed returns over a 10-year period. The chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $10,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no redemption of Shares. The chart also assumes that the Fund's annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratio used in the chart is the same as stated in the “Fees and Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus may not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). The maximum amount of any sales charge that might be imposed on the purchase of Shares (and deducted from the hypothetical initial investment of $10,000; the “Front-End Sales Charge”) is reflected in the “Hypothetical Expenses” column. The hypothetical investment information does not reflect the effect of charges (if any) normally applicable to redemptions of Shares (e.g., deferred sales charges, redemption fees). Mutual fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED MICHIGAN INTERMEDIATE MUNICIPAL TRUST - A CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.91%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 3.00%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $485.00 $10,185.00 $390.08 $10,096.73
2 $10,096.73 $504.84 $10,601.57 $93.76 $10,509.69
3 $10,509.69 $525.48 $11,035.17 $97.59 $10,939.54
4 $10,939.54 $546.98 $11,486.52 $101.59 $11,386.97
5 $11,386.97 $569.35 $11,956.32 $105.74 $11,852.70
6 $11,852.70 $592.64 $12,445.34 $110.07 $12,337.48
7 $12,337.48 $616.87 $12,954.35 $114.57 $12,842.08
8 $12,842.08 $642.10 $13,484.18 $119.25 $13,367.32
9 $13,367.32 $668.37 $14,035.69 $124.13 $13,914.04
10 $13,914.04 $695.70 $14,609.74 $129.21 $14,483.12
Cumulative   $5,847.33   $1,385.99  
29

An SAI dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about the Fund and its investments is contained in the Fund's SAI and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders as they become available. The Annual Report's Management's Discussion of Fund Performance discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI contains a description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities. To obtain the SAI, Annual Report, Semi-Annual Report and other information without charge, and to make inquiries, call your financial intermediary or the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
These documents, as well as additional information about the Fund (including portfolio holdings, performance and distributions), are also available on Federated's website at FederatedInvestors.com.
You can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI) by writing to or visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. You may also access Fund information from the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You can purchase copies of this information by contacting the SEC by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the Public Reference Room's operations and copying fees.
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Investment Company Act File No. 811-6165
CUSIP 313923302
G01389-01 (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Prospectus
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A NYIFX
B NYIBX
The information contained herein relates to all classes of the Fund's Shares, as listed above, unless otherwise noted.
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

A mutual fund seeking to provide current income by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally, distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities.
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee


Fund Summary Information
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund (the “Fund”)
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund's investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Class A Shares (A) and Class B Shares (B) of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in certain classes (e.g., A class) of Federated funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the “What Do Shares Cost” section of the Prospectus on page 16.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A B
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.50% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, as applicable)

0.00% 5.50%
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (and other Distributions) (as a percentage of offering price)

None None
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)

None None
Exchange Fee

None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
   
Management Fee

0.40% 0.40%
Distribution (12b-1) Fee

0.00%1 0.75%
Other Expenses

0.95% 0.95%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

1.35% 2.10%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements2

(0.59)% (0.58)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements

0.76% 1.52%
1 The Fund has adopted a Distribution (12b-1) Plan for its Class A Shares pursuant to which the A class of the Fund may incur or charge a Distribution (12b-1) fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%. No such fee is currently incurred or charged by the A class of the Fund. The A class of the Fund will not incur or charge such a Distribution (12b-1) fee until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the “Trustees”).
2 The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, line of credit expenses, and proxy-related expenses, paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund's A class and B class (after the voluntary waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.76% and 1.52% (the “Fee Limit”), respectively, up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) November 1, 2017; or (b) the date of the Fund's next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Trustees.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. Expenses assuming no redemption are also shown. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that operating expenses are as shown in the table above and remain the same. Although your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Share Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A:        
Expenses assuming redemption $581 $858 $1,156 $2,001
Expenses assuming no redemption $581 $858 $1,156 $2,001
B:        
Expenses assuming redemption $763 $1,058 $1,329 $2,240
Expenses assuming no redemption $213 $658 $1,129 $2,240
1

Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 10% of the average value of its portfolio.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENTS, RISKS and PERFORMANCE
What are the Fund's Main Investment Strategies?
The Fund pursues its objective by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets. Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities. The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating.
The securities in which the Fund may principally invest include tax-exempt securities, which may include, for example, general obligation bonds, special revenue bonds, private activity bonds, tax-increment financing bonds, municipal leases, zero-coupon securities, inverse floaters, municipal mortgage-backed securities and planned amortization classes. Certain of the tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement.
The Fund also may principally invest in derivative contracts (such as, for example, futures contracts, option contracts and swap contracts) and hybrid instruments to implement its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying instrument(s), to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector, to increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio or to hedge against potential losses.
The Fund also may invest in certain securities or other investments (such as market discount bonds, credit default swaps and other derivative transactions) that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes).
The Fund has an investment policy that it will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
What are the Main Risks of Investing in the Fund?
All mutual funds take investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The primary factors that may reduce the Fund's returns include:
■  Tax-Exempt Securities Risk. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability.
2

■  Interest Rate Risk. Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates.
■  Issuer Credit Risk. It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
■  Counterparty Credit Risk. A party to a transaction involving the Fund may fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategies.
■  Liquidity Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund invests may be less readily marketable and may be subject to greater fluctuation in price than other securities. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. Over-the-counter derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts.
■  Tax Risk. In order to be tax-exempt, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
■  Leverage Risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
■  Call Risk. The Fund's performance may be adversely affected by the possibility that an issuer of a security held by the Fund may redeem the security prior to maturity at a price below or above its current market value.
■  Sector Risk. Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term New York tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade New York tax-exempt securities, the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states. New York's economy is relatively diversified across the manufacturing, agriculture and service sectors. New York City, however, is a major component of the state's economy and is heavily dependent on the historically volatile financial, real estate and insurance industries. A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio also may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities.
■  Prepayment Risk. When homeowners prepay their mortgages in response to lower interest rates, the Fund will be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates available. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of municipal mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities.
■  Credit Enhancement Risk. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.
■  Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. This increases the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that any one issuer has on the Fund's Share price and performance.
■  Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that are below investment-grade quality (which are also known as junk bonds), which may be subject to greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
3

■  Risk Related to the Economy. The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market. Economic, political and financial conditions may, from time to time, cause the Fund to experience volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions or other potentially adverse effects. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
■  Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such contracts and instruments include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
■  Technology Risk. The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
The Shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Performance: Bar Chart and Table
Risk/Return Bar Chart
The bar chart and performance table below reflect historical performance data for the Fund and are intended to help you analyze the Fund's investment risks in light of its historical returns. The bar chart shows the variability of the Fund's A class total returns on a calendar year-by-year basis. The Average Annual Total Return Table shows returns for each class averaged over the stated periods, and includes comparative performance information. The Fund's performance will fluctuate, and past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of future results. Updated performance information for the Fund is available under the “Products” section at FederatedInvestors.com or by calling 1-800-341-7400.
  
The total returns shown in the bar chart do not reflect the payment of any sales charges or recurring shareholder account fees. If these charges or fees had been included, the returns shown would have been lower.
The Fund's A class total return for the nine-month period from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016, was 3.99%.
Within the periods shown in the bar chart, the Fund's A class highest quarterly return was 8.10% (quarter ended September 30, 2009). Its lowest quarterly return was (5.77)% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
4

Average Annual Total Return Table
In addition to Return Before Taxes, Return After Taxes is shown for the Fund's A class to illustrate the effect of federal taxes on Fund returns. After-tax returns are shown only for the A class and after-tax returns for the B class will differ from those shown below for the A class. Actual after-tax returns depend on each investor's personal tax situation, and are likely to differ from those shown. After-tax returns are calculated using a standard set of assumptions. The stated returns assume the highest historical federal income and capital gains tax rates. These after-tax returns do not reflect the effect of any applicable state and local taxes. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors holding Shares through tax-deferred programs, such as a 401(k) plan, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
(For the Period Ended December 31, 2015)
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
A:      
Return Before Taxes (1.68)% 3.92% 3.02%
Return After Taxes on Distributions (1.68)% 3.92% 3.02%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 0.34% 3.80% 3.13%
B:      
Return Before Taxes (3.24)% 3.78% 2.88%
S&P Municipal Bond New York Index1
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
3.66% 5.24% 4.69%
S&P Municipal Bond NY, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index2
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
3.99% 5.76% 5.00%
Morningstar Muni New York Long Funds Average3 3.12% 5.10% 3.97%
1 The S&P Municipal Bond New York Index (NY Index) consists of bonds in the S&P Municipal Bond Index (Main Index) that have been issued by the state of New York or local governments or state or local government entities within New York. The Main Index is a broad, comprehensive, market value-weighted index composed of approximately 55,000 bond issues that are exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Main Index include, but are not limited to: the bond issuer must be a state (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and U.S. territories) or a local government or a state or local government entity where interest on the bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the AMT; the bond must be held by a mutual fund for which Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations, Inc. provides prices; it must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a minimum par amount of $2 million; and the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. The Main Index is rebalanced monthly.
2 The S&P Municipal Bond NY, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index (NYIG Index) represents the portion of the NY Index composed solely of bonds that are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher with remaining maturities of more than three years that are not subject to AMT.
3 Morningstar figures represent the average of the total returns reported by all the mutual funds designated by Morningstar as falling into the respective category indicated. Funds designated within the Morningstar Muni New York Long Funds Average include those that invest at least 80% of assets in New York Municipal debt and have durations of more than 7 years (or, if duration is unavailable, average maturities of more than 12 years).
FUND MANAGEMENT
The Fund's Investment Adviser is Federated Investment Management Company.
J. Scott Albrecht, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since March 1995.
purchase and sale of fund shares
Class B Shares are closed to new investments by new investors and existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains). Please disregard any further references to purchases of Class B Shares.
You may purchase, redeem or exchange Shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open. Shares may be purchased through a financial intermediary firm that has entered into a Fund selling and/or servicing agreement with the Distributor or an affiliate (“Financial Intermediary”) or directly from the Fund, by wire or by check. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply. Redeem or exchange Shares through a financial intermediary or directly from the Fund by telephone at 1-800-341-7400 or by mail.
The minimum investment amount for the Fund's A and B classes is generally $1,500 for initial investments and $100 for subsequent investments. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
5

TAX INFORMATION
It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be tax exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes (except for New York taxes, to the extent derived from New York tax-exempt investments and eligible for tax-exempt treatment under New York law). Although the Fund does not seek to realize capital gains, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Any Fund distributions of capital gains are taxable at applicable capital gains rates. The Fund is generally not a suitable investment for retirement accounts.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed in this Prospectus), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities. Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
What are the Fund's Investment Strategies?
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the principal strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal strategies.
The Fund invests in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) without regard to the maturity of the securities, and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets.
Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth highest ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities.
The amount of the Fund's assets invested in long-term or investment-grade, tax-exempt securities will be determined at the time when tax-exempt securities are purchased. For example, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets, or from a downgrade in a security's rating/quality, will not require the Fund to sell any tax-exempt security held in the Fund's portfolio.
The investment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, non-diversification risk, and risk related to the economy, and the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests generally are subject to these risks, as well as the risks of investing in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments, all as described in this Prospectus. The noninvestment-grade tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests, which are also known as junk bonds, also generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, non-diversification risk, risks associated with noninvestment-grade securities and risk related to the economy, all as described in this Prospectus.
The Fund's investment adviser (“Adviser”) actively manages the Fund's portfolio, seeking to manage the interest rate risk and credit risk assumed by the Fund and to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return.
6

The Adviser manages the Fund's interest rate risk by adjusting the duration of its portfolio. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The greater a portfolio's duration, the greater the potential change in the portfolio's value in response to a change in market interest rates. The Adviser will increase or reduce the Fund's portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Adviser expects interest rates to fall, it will maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Adviser expects interest rates to increase, it will shorten the portfolio duration. The Adviser uses hedging transactions for purposes of duration management. The Adviser considers a variety of factors in formulating its interest rate outlook, including (among others) the following:
■  Current and expected U.S. economic growth;
■  Current and expected interest rates and inflation;
■  The Federal Reserve's monetary policy; and
■  Supply and demand factors related to the municipal market and the effect they may have on the returns offered for various bond maturities.
The Adviser manages credit risk by performing a fundamental credit analysis on tax-exempt securities before the Fund purchases such securities. The Adviser considers various factors, including (among others) the following:
■  The economic feasibility of revenue bond financings and general purpose financings;
■  The financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; and
■  Political developments that may affect credit quality.
The Adviser monitors the credit risks of all portfolio securities on an ongoing basis by reviewing, as the Adviser considers necessary or appropriate in accordance with its procedures, periodic financial data and ratings of NRSROs. The Fund's investments in noninvestment-grade securities will be more dependent on the Adviser's credit analysis than would be investment-grade securities, because noninvestment-grade securities, while generally offering higher yields, also involve greater risks. Consequently, in addition to the review process described above, the Adviser may, for example and when appropriate, visit the site that the issuer is developing with the proceeds of the offering and may engage in detailed discussions with the issuer regarding the offering.
The Adviser attempts to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return. Total return consists of two components: (1) income received from the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) changes in the market value of the Fund's portfolio securities and attendant increase or decrease in the net asset value (NAV) of Fund Shares. The Adviser seeks total return on an after-tax basis, so that it will try to maximize tax-exempt income distributions; make limited ordinary income distributions; and minimize or eliminate capital gains distributions.
In seeking to increase incremental after-tax total returns, the Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities that are trading at a price less than the original issue price (or market discount bonds), enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s) or to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector. Additionally, by way of example, the Fund may use derivative contracts in an attempt to:
■  increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio;
■  obtain premiums from the sale of derivative contracts;
■  realize gains from trading a derivative contract; or
■  hedge against potential losses.
  There can be no assurance that the Fund's use of derivative contracts or hybrid instruments will work as intended.
Because the Fund refers to New York municipal investments in its name, it has an investment policy that it will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
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TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in taxable securities or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate tax-exempt securities); to maintain liquidity to meet shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such temporary investments could affect the Fund's investment returns. If the Fund invests in taxable securities, it may receive and distribute taxable income to investors and to that extent fail to meet its investment objectives.
What are the Fund's Principal Investments?
The following provides general information on the Fund's principal investments. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
Tax-exempt securities are fixed-income securities that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer or on the basis of another authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable, pay interest that is not subject to federal regular income taxes. Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Typically, states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities issue tax-exempt securities. The market categorizes tax-exempt securities by their source of repayment. Certain of these tax-exempt securities may be subject to credit enhancement.
The following describes the principal types of tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest:
General Obligation Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer's power to exact property or other taxes. The issuer must impose and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. However, the issuer's authority to impose additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.
Special Revenue Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Special revenue bonds are payable solely from specific revenues received by the issuer such as specific taxes, assessments, tolls or fees. Bondholders may not collect from the municipality's general taxes or revenues. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to build a toll road and pledge the tolls to repay the bonds. Therefore, a shortfall in the tolls normally would result in a default on the bonds, or in certain cases, may result in a reduction in payments received in respect of the bonds.
Private Activity Bonds (A Type of Special Revenue Bond)
Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private projects. A certain percentage of the proceeds from a private activity bond is used for a private business use or a certain percentage of the debt service regarding a private activity bond is paid directly or indirectly from a private business use. A private business use is a trade or business carried on by any person or entity other than a governmental unit. Private activity bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the private entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy. The municipality would lend the proceeds from its bonds to the company using the factory, and the company would agree to make loan payments sufficient to cover interest and principal payments on the bonds. The bonds would be payable from the company's loan payments, and generally not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default of the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds.
Types of private activity bonds include, for example: bonds issued to obtain funds to provide water, sewage and solid waste facilities, qualified residential rental projects, certain local electric, gas and other heating and cooling facilities, qualified hazardous waste facilities, high speed intercity rail facilities, certain airports, docks, wharves and mass transportation facilities and qualified mortgages; qualified student loan bonds; qualified redevelopment bonds; and bonds used for certain organizations exempt from federal income taxation (qualified 501(c)(3) bonds).
The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the AMT. The Fund may invest in bonds subject to AMT.
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Tax Increment Financing Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax increment financing (TIF) bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to projects within the TIF district. For example, a municipality may issue TIF bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The TIF bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from the merchants in the area. The bonds could fail to pay principal or interest if merchants' sales, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.
Municipal Leases (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipalities may enter into leases for equipment or facilities. In order to comply with state public financing laws, these leases are typically subject to annual appropriation. In other words, a municipality may end a lease, without penalty, by not providing for the lease payments in its annual budget. After the lease ends, the lessor can resell the equipment or facility but may lose money on the sale.
The Fund may invest in securities supported by pools of municipal leases. The most common type of lease-backed securities is certificates of participation (COPs). However, the Fund may also invest directly in individual leases.
Zero-Coupon Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity unlike debt securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors buy zero-coupon securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero-coupon security. Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero-coupon security. A zero-coupon, step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.
There are many forms of zero-coupon securities. Some are issued at a discount and are referred to as zero-coupon or capital appreciation bonds. In addition, some securities give the issuer the option to deliver additional securities in place of cash interest payments, thereby increasing the amount payable at maturity. These are referred to as pay-in-kind or PIK securities.
Inverse Floaters (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
An inverse floater has a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction of market interest rates. Inverse floaters are used to enhance the income from a bond investment by employing leverage. When short-term market interest rates go up, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes down; when short-term market interest rates go down, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes up. Inverse floaters generally respond more rapidly to market interest rate changes than fixed-rate, tax-exempt securities. Inverse floaters are subject to interest rate risks and leverage risks.
Municipal Mortgage-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal mortgage-backed securities are special revenue bonds, the proceeds of which may be used to provide mortgage loans for single family homes or to finance multifamily housing. Municipal mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages. The mortgages that comprise a pool normally have similar interest rates, maturities and other terms. Mortgages may have fixed or adjustable rates. Municipal mortgage-backed securities generally have fixed interest rates.
Municipal mortgage-backed securities come in a variety of forms. The simplest forms of municipal mortgage-backed securities are unstructured bonds backed by the net interest and principal payments and prepayments from the underlying mortgages. As a result, the holders assume all interest rate and prepayment risks of the underlying mortgages. Other municipal mortgage-backed securities may have more complicated financial structures.
PACs (A Type of Municipal Mortgage-Backed Security)
PACs (planned amortization classes) are a sophisticated form of municipal mortgage-backed security issued with a companion class(es). PACs receive principal payments and prepayments at a specified rate. The companion classes receive principal payments and prepayments in excess of the specified rate. In addition, PACs will receive the companion classes' share of principal payments, if necessary, to cover a shortfall in the prepayment rate. This helps PACs to control prepayment risks by increasing the risks to their companion classes.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
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Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
Payment obligations arising in connection with derivative contracts are frequently required to be secured with margin (which is commonly called “collateral”). To the extent necessary to meet such requirements, the Fund may purchase U.S. Treasury and/or government agency securities.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and caps and floors.
OTHER INVESTMENTS, TRANSACTIONS, TECHNIQUES
Credit Enhancement
The Fund may invest in securities that have credit enhancement. Credit enhancement consists of an arrangement in which a company agrees to pay amounts due on a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) if the issuer defaults. In some cases the company providing credit enhancement makes all payments directly to the security holders and receives reimbursement from the issuer. Normally, the credit enhancer has greater financial resources and liquidity than the issuer. For this reason, the Adviser may evaluate the credit risk of a fixed-income security based solely upon its credit enhancement.
Common types of credit enhancement include guarantees, letters of credit, bond insurance and surety bonds. Credit enhancement also includes arrangements where securities or other liquid assets secure payment of a fixed-income security. If a default occurs, these assets may be sold and the proceeds paid to the security's holders. Either form of credit enhancement reduces credit risks by providing another source of payment for a fixed-income security.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Delayed Delivery Transactions
Delayed delivery transactions, including when-issued transactions, are arrangements in which the Fund buys securities for a set price, with payment and delivery of the securities scheduled for a future time. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. The Fund records the transaction when it agrees to buy the securities and reflects their value in determining the price of its Shares. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these transactions so that the market values of the securities bought may vary from the purchase prices. Therefore, delayed delivery transactions create interest rate risks for the Fund. Delayed delivery transactions also involve credit risks in the event of a counterparty default. These transactions create leverage risks.
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Asset Segregation
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Adviser will determine whether a security is investment-grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more NRSROs. For example, Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer's inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade.
As disclosed in this Prospectus, the Fund may invest up to 49% of its assets in securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality). The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating requirement.
If a security is downgraded below any minimum quality grade discussed above, the Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund?
The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund's non-principal investments are described in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may include those issued by state or local governments, other political subdivisions or authorities, or directly or indirectly supported by taxes, assessments, tolls, fees or other revenue collected by or otherwise derived from or through such issuers. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Other factors include the general conditions of the tax-exempt securities market, the size of the particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. Like other issuers, there is no guarantee that the issuers of such securities will have sufficient revenues to satisfy their obligations (such as, for example, the payment of interest or principal when due). Legal, economic, political or other developments may raise impairments (such as, for example, limitations under applicable law on the issuer's authority to raise taxes, prolonged budgetary processes, declining real estate values or declining tax revenues) to such issuer's budgetary flexibility, liquidity and ability to satisfy its obligations. Such impairments may cause a downgrade in the credit ratings of such an issuer, or the securities issued or supported by it, and may cause such an issuer to defer payment of certain obligations, reduce or eliminate appropriations and/or default on its obligations.
Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of such issuers may continue or get worse. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability. As a result, in such situations, there would be heightened risk that there could be an interruption in payments to holders of tax-exempt securities in some cases. There also could be a reduction in the market value of the tax-exempt securities held by the Fund, which could adversely affect the Fund's net asset value or the distributions paid by the Fund.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates.
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Certain factors, such as the presence of call features, may cause a particular fixed-income security, or the Fund as a whole, to exhibit less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Certain of the Fund's investments may also be valued, in part, by reference to the relative relationship between interest rates on tax-exempt securities and taxable securities, respectively. When the market for tax-exempt securities underperforms (or outperforms) the market for taxable securities, the value of these investments may be negatively affected (or positively affected).
ISSUER Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) receive credit ratings from NRSROs such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody's Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor's that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO's assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security's spread may also increase if the security's rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline.
COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK
Counterparty credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. Trading opportunities also are more limited for inverse floaters that have complex terms or that are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Tax Risk
In order to pay interest that is exempt from federal or state/local regular income tax, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable.
Changes or proposed changes in federal, state or local tax laws may cause the prices of tax-exempt securities to fall and/or may affect the tax-exempt status of the securities in which the Fund invests.
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The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. Additionally, the Fund may not be able to close out certain derivative contracts when it wants to. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
Leverage Risk
The tax-exempt securities, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to leverage risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
CALL RISK
The tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to call risk. Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) before maturity (a “call”) at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security's price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
SECTOR RISK
A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics, or by issuers located in the same state (such as New York). As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities. Developments affecting companies with similar characteristics might include changes in interest rates, changes in economic cycle affecting credit losses and regulatory changes.
New York's economy is relatively diversified across the manufacturing, agriculture and service sectors. New York's budget is chronically late and requires special spending measures. This process can cause delays in state-aid funding to localities. New York City, however, is a major component of the state's economy and is heavily dependent on the historically volatile financial, real estate, and insurance industries. Additionally, New York City likely faces increased exposure to any potential terrorist actions. Although the economic and financial impact of terrorist actions in the past has been manageable, such terrorist actions could have a significant impact on the city and state.
Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term New York tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade New York tax-exempt securities: (a) the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states; and (b) the Fund's performance also may be negatively affected by other local, state or regional factors. For example, natural disasters may affect the creditworthiness of municipal issuers or otherwise disrupt the local, state or regional economy or certain sectors of the economy.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Unlike traditional fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities), which pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity (when the entire principal amount is due), payments on municipal mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Partial payment of principal may be comprised of scheduled principal payments as well as unscheduled payments from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying loans. These unscheduled prepayments of principal create risks that can adversely affect a fund holding municipal mortgage-backed securities.
For example, when interest rates decline, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally rise. However, when interest rates decline, unscheduled prepayments can be expected to accelerate, and the Fund would be required to reinvest the proceeds of the prepayments at the lower interest rates then available. Unscheduled prepayments would also limit the potential for capital appreciation on municipal mortgage-backed securities.
Conversely, when interest rates rise, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally fall. Since rising interest rates typically result in decreased prepayments, this could lengthen the average lives of municipal mortgage-backed securities, and cause their value to decline more than traditional fixed-income securities.
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Generally, municipal mortgage-backed securities compensate for the increased risk associated with prepayments by paying a higher yield. The additional interest paid for risk is measured by the difference between the yield of a municipal mortgage-backed security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”). An increase in the spread will cause the price of the municipal mortgage-backed security to decline. Spreads generally increase in response to adverse economic or market conditions. Spreads may also increase if the security is perceived to have an increased prepayment risk or is perceived to have less market demand.
Credit Enhancement Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security's value due to changes in market conditions. Securities subject to credit enhancement generally would be assigned a lower credit rating if the rating were based primarily on the credit quality of the issuer without regard to the credit enhancement. If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded.
A single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Fund's investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund, as the Fund may invest in securities credit enhanced by banks or by bond insurers without limit. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, including the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress.
RISK OF NON-DIVERSIFIED FUND
The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. In certain situations, being non-diversified may reduce the Fund's credit risk by enabling it to avoid investing in certain countries, regions or sectors that exhibit above average credit risk. However, being non-diversified may also increase the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that only one issuer has on the Fund's share price and performance.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities that are rated below investment grade or unrated securities of comparable quality (i.e., noninvestment-grade securities), also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. The Fund will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and may purchase securities rated below investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) up to 49% of its assets.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions may from time to time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other factors, which could negatively impact the Fund's performance. A general rise in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities, and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting
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favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin, or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or in the Fund's SAI, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
What Do Shares Cost?
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
When the Fund receives your transaction request in proper form (as described in this Prospectus), it is processed at the next calculated net asset value of a Share (NAV) plus any applicable front-end sales charge (“public offering price”). A Share's NAV is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedInvestors.com, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
You can purchase, redeem or exchange Shares any day the NYSE is open.
When the Fund holds fixed-income securities that trade on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund's assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees (“Board”).
■  Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and asked quotations.
■  Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
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If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures. The Fund's SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee to assist the Board in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of such investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
The following table summarizes the minimum investment amount and the maximum sales charge, if any, that you will pay on an investment in the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
  Minimum
Initial/Subsequent
Investment
Amounts1
Maximum Sales Charges
Shares Offered Front-End
Sales Charge2
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge3
A $1,500/$100 4.50% 0.00%
B $1,500/$100 None 5.50%
1 Please see “By Systematic Investment Program” for applicable minimum investment. Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. To maximize your return and minimize the sales charges and marketing fees, purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000. Purchases equal to or in excess of these limits may be made in the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund. See “Purchase Restrictions on the B class” below. After the B class has been held for eight years from the date of purchase, they will automatically convert to the A class. This conversion is a non-taxable event.
2 Front-End Sales Charge is expressed as a percentage of public offering price. See “Sales Charge When You Purchase.”
3 See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
As shown in the table above, each class of Shares has a different sales charge structure. In addition, the ongoing annual operating expenses (“expense ratios”), as well as the compensation payable to financial intermediaries, also vary among the classes. Before you decide which class to purchase, you should review the different charges and expenses of each class carefully, in light of your personal circumstances, and consult with your financial intermediary.
Among the important factors to consider are the amount you plan to invest and the length of time you expect to hold your investment (for example, whether the investment is in connection with a long-term retirement program). You should also consider, for example, that it may be possible to reduce, or eliminate, the front-end sales charges imposed on purchases of the A class. Among other ways, the A class has a series of “breakpoints,” which means that the front-end sales charges decrease (and can be eliminated entirely) as the amount invested increases. (The breakpoint schedule is set out below, along with detailed information on ways to reduce, or eliminate, front-end sales charges.) On the other hand, the B class does not have front-end sales charges, but the deferred sales charges imposed on redemptions of the B class do not vary at all in relation to the amounts invested. Rather, these charges decrease with the passage of time (ultimately going to zero after shares have been held for six full years).
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You should also consider that the expense ratio for the A class will be lower than that for the B class. Thus, the fact that no front-end charges are ever imposed on purchases of the B class does not always make them preferable to the A class.
SALES CHARGE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
The following table lists the sales charges which will be applied to your Share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the table and described below.
A:
Purchase Amount Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $100,000 4.50% 4.71%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.75% 3.90%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 2.00% 2.04%
$1 million or greater1 0.00% 0.00%
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) of 0.75% of the redemption amount applies to Shares originally purchased in an amount of $1 million or more and redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where a financial intermediary received an advance payment on the transaction. CDSC exceptions may apply. See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
REDUCING THE SALES CHARGE WITH BREAKPOINT DISCOUNTS
Your investment may qualify for a reduction or elimination of the sales charge, also known as a breakpoint discount. The breakpoint discounts offered by the Fund are indicated in the table above.
You or your financial intermediary must notify the Fund's Transfer Agent of eligibility for any applicable breakpoint discount at the time of purchase.
In order to receive the applicable breakpoint discount, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint (“Qualifying Accounts”). Qualifying Accounts mean those share accounts in the Federated funds held directly or through a financial intermediary or through a single-participant retirement account by you, your spouse, your parents (if you are under age 21) and/or your children under age 21, which can be linked using tax identification numbers (TINs), social security numbers (SSNs) or broker identification numbers (BINs). Accounts held through 401(k) plans and similar multi-participant retirement plans, or through “Section 529” college savings plans or those accounts which cannot be linked using TINs, SSNs or BINs, are not Qualifying Accounts.
In order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount, you will be required to provide to your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent certain information on your New Account Form and may be required to provide account statements regarding Qualifying Accounts. If you purchase through a financial intermediary, you may be asked to provide additional information and records as required by the financial intermediary. Failure to provide proper notification or verification of eligibility for a breakpoint discount may result in your not receiving a breakpoint discount to which you are otherwise entitled. Breakpoint discounts apply only to your current purchase and do not apply retroactively to previous purchases. The sales charges applicable to the Shares offered in this Prospectus, and the breakpoint discounts offered with respect to such Shares, are described in full in this Prospectus. Because the Prospectus is available on Federated's website free of charge, Federated does not disclose this information separately on the website.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge at purchase of the A class only, may be reduced or eliminated by:
Larger Purchases
■  Purchasing the A class in greater quantities to reduce the applicable sales charge;
Concurrent and Accumulated Purchases
■  Combining concurrent purchases of and/or current investments in the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class of any Federated fund made or held by Qualifying Accounts; the purchase amount used in determining the sales charge on your additional Share purchase will be calculated by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in Qualifying Accounts and adding the dollar amount of your current purchase; or
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Letter of Intent
■  Signing a letter of intent to purchase a qualifying amount of the A class within 13 months. (Call your financial intermediary or the Fund for more information.) The Fund's custodian will hold Shares in escrow equal to the maximum applicable sales charge. If you complete the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will release the Shares in escrow to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will redeem the appropriate amount from the Shares held in escrow to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
PURCHASE restrictions ON b class
In order to maximize shareholder returns and minimize sales charges and marketing fees, an investor's purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000. In applying the limit, the dollar amount of the current purchase is added to the product obtained by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in linked Qualifying Accounts, as defined in the section entitled “Reducing the Sales Charge with Breakpoint Discounts.” If the sum of these two amounts would equal or exceed the limit, then the current purchase order will not be processed. Instead, the Distributor will attempt to contact the investor or the investor's financial intermediary to offer the opportunity to convert the order to the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund.
ELIMINATING The SALES CHARGE
Your investment may qualify for a sales charge waiver. Sales charge waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a sales charge waiver, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each purchase that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your investment is eligible for a sales charge waiver at the time of purchase, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge will be eliminated when you purchase or acquire Shares:
■  within 120 days of redeeming Shares of an equal or greater amount;
■  through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive a dealer reallowance on purchases under such program;
■  with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  issued in connection with the merger, consolidation or acquisition of the assets of another fund. Further, the sales charge will be eliminated on purchases of Shares made by a shareholder that originally became a shareholder of a Federated Fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits shareholders to acquire Shares at NAV, provided that such purchased Shares are held directly with the Fund's transfer agent. If the Shares are held through a financial intermediary, the sales charge waiver will not apply (A class only);
■  as a Federated Life Member (Federated shareholders who originally were issued shares through the “Liberty Account,” which was an account for the Liberty Family of Funds on February 28, 1987, or who invested through an affinity group prior to August 1, 1987, into the Liberty Account) (A class only);
■  as a Trustee, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, an employee of any financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals; or
■  pursuant to the exchange privilege.
  The sales charge will not be eliminated if you purchase Shares of the Fund through an exchange of shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund unless your Federated Government Reserves Fund shares were acquired through an exchange of shares on which the sales charge had previously been paid.
sales charge when you redeem
Your redemption proceeds may be reduced by a sales charge, commonly referred to as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC at the time of an exchange; however, the CDSC will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase. The CDSC schedule applicable to your original purchase will continue to apply to the shares you receive in an exchange.
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To keep the sales charge as low as possible, the Fund redeems your Shares in this order:
■  Shares that are not subject to a CDSC; and
■  Shares held the longest. (To determine the number of years your Shares have been held, include the time you held shares of other Federated funds that have been exchanged for Shares of this Fund.)
The CDSC is then calculated using the Share price at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is lower.
A:    
If you make a purchase of the A class in the amount of $1 million or more and your financial intermediary received an advance commission on the sale, you will pay a 0.75% CDSC on any such Shares redeemed within 24 months of the purchase.
B:    
Shares Held Up To:   CDSC
1 Year   5.50%
2 Years   4.75%
3 Years   4.00%
4 Years   3.00%
5 Years   2.00%
6 Years   1.00%
7 Years or More   0.00%
Your redemption may qualify for a waiver of the CDSC. The CDSC waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a waiver of the CDSC, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each redemption that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent in order to take advantage of the waiver. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your redemption is eligible for a CDSC waiver at the time of redemption, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, you will not be charged a CDSC when redeeming Shares:
■  following the death of the last surviving shareholder on the account or the post-purchase disability of all registered shareholders, as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the beneficiary on an account with a Transfer on Death registration is deemed the last surviving shareholder on the account);
■  due to the termination of a trust following the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, provided that the trust document specifically states that the trust is terminated upon the death;
■  representing minimum required distributions from an IRA or other retirement plan as required under the Internal Revenue Code;
■  purchased by Trustees, employees of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, by employees of a financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, by the immediate family members of the above persons and by trusts, pension or profit-sharing plans for the above persons;
■  purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive an advance commission on purchases under such program;
■  purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  redeemed by the Fund when it closes an account for not meeting the minimum balance requirements; or
■  purchased pursuant to the exchange privilege, if the Shares were held for the applicable CDSC holding period (the holding period on the Shares purchased in the exchange will include the holding period of the Shares sold in the exchange);
A Class Only
■  purchased in the amount of $1 million or more and redeemed within 24 months of purchase if the Shares were originally purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the principal underwriter not to receive an advanced commission on purchases under such program; or
B Class Only
■  which are qualifying redemptions of the B class under a Systematic Withdrawal Program.
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How is the Fund Sold?
The Fund offers the following Share classes: Class A Shares (A) and Class B Shares (B), each representing interests in a single portfolio of securities. All Share classes have different sales charges and/or other expenses which affect their performance. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply.
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor, Federated Securities Corp., offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The Fund may not be a suitable investment for retirement plans or for non-New York taxpayers because it invests in New York tax-exempt securities.
The Fund's Distributor markets the A class and B class to customers of financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, banks, fiduciaries and investment advisors, or to individuals, directly or through financial intermediaries.
Class B Share Closure
Effective June 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new accounts and new investors. Effective August 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to exchanges from Class B Shares of other Federated Funds and to new purchases made by existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains).
Beginning on the effective dates referenced above, any purchase (including purchases pursuant to the Systematic Investment Program) or any exchange request to the Fund's Class B Shares were and will be rejected. After the effective dates, to continue automatic investments, the Fund's Class B shareholders must designate a different share class of the Fund or another Federated Fund, provided the shareholder meets the eligibility requirements for that share class.
A shareholder owning the Fund's Class B Shares may continue to hold those shares until such shares automatically convert to Class A Shares under the Fund's existing conversion schedule as described in the Fund's prospectus, or until the shareholder redeems such Class B Shares, subject to any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC).
A shareholder owning the Fund's Class B Shares may exchange such shares for those Class B Shares of Federated Funds which remain open to new investments. However, no exchanges into the Fund's Class B Shares will be allowed.
Reinvestment of dividends and capital gains will continue uninterrupted.
All other Class B Share features, including but not limited to distribution (12b-1) and service fees, CDSC, accumulation privileges and conversion features, will remain unchanged for Class B Shares held after the Effective Date.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliated service providers may pay fees as described below to financial intermediaries (such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers or third-party administrators) whose customers are shareholders of the Fund.
FRONT-END SALES CHARGE REALLOWANCES
The Distributor receives a front-end sales charge on certain Share sales. The Distributor pays a portion of this charge to financial intermediaries that are eligible to receive it (the “Dealer Reallowance”) and retains any remaining portion of the front-end sales charge.
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive a Dealer Reallowance as follows:
A:  
Purchase Amount Dealer Reallowance
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $100,000 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.80%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
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ADVANCE COMMISSIONS
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive an advance commission as follows:
A (for purchases over $1 million):  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
First $1 million - $5 million 0.75%
Next $5 million - $20 million 0.50%
Over $20 million 0.25%
Advance commissions are calculated on a year-by-year basis based on amounts invested during that year. Accordingly, with respect to additional purchase amounts, the advance commission breakpoint resets annually to the first breakpoint on the anniversary of the first purchase.
The A class purchases under this program may be made by Letter of Intent or by combining concurrent purchases. The above advance commission will be paid only on those purchases that were not previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer advance commission. Certain retirement accounts may not be eligible for this program.
B:  
  Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
All Purchase Amounts Up to 5.00%
rule 12b-1 fees
The Board has adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan, which allows payment of marketing fees of up to 0.05% for the A class, 0.75% for the B class of average net assets to the Distributor for the sale, distribution, administration and customer servicing of the Fund's A class and B class. When the Distributor receives Rule 12b-1 fees, it may pay some or all of them to financial intermediaries whose customers purchase Shares. The Fund's A class has no present intention of paying, accruing or incurring any Rule 12b-1 Fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. In addition, in connection with the sale of the B class, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the B class. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements. Because these Shares pay marketing fees on an ongoing basis, your investment cost may be higher over time than other shares with different sales charges and marketing fees.
service fees
The Fund may pay Service Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to financial intermediaries or to Federated Shareholder Services Company (FSSC), a subsidiary of Federated, for providing services to shareholders and maintaining shareholder accounts. Intermediaries that receive Service Fees may include a company affiliated with management of Federated. If a financial intermediary receives Service Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees on that same account.
ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION FEES
The Fund may pay Account Administration Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to banks that are not registered as broker-dealers or investment advisers for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Account Administration Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Service Fees or Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
RECORDKEEPING FEES
The Fund may pay Recordkeeping Fees on an average-net-assets basis or on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing recordkeeping services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Recordkeeping Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees or Networking Fees on that same account.
networking fees
The Fund may reimburse Networking Fees on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders on certain non-omnibus accounts. If a financial intermediary receives Networking Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
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ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund's Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments, as described above, made by the Fund to the financial intermediary. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds, within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Fund and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
How to Purchase Shares
As described in more detail in the section entitled “How is the Fund Sold?” under the subheading “Class B Share Closure,” the Fund's Class B Shares are closed to new investments by new investors and existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains). Please disregard any further references to purchases of Class B Shares.
You may purchase Shares of the Fund any day the NYSE is open. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. New investors must submit a completed New Account Form. All accounts, including those for which there is no minimum initial investment amount required, are subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus.
Where the Fund offers more than one Share class and you do not specify the class choice on your New Account Form or form of payment (e.g., Federal Reserve wire or check), you automatically will receive the A class.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
You may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund.
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
■  Establish an account with the financial intermediary; and
■  Submit your purchase order to the financial intermediary before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time).
You will receive the next calculated NAV if the financial intermediary forwards the order on the same day, and forwards your payment by the prescribed trade settlement date (typically within one to three business days) to the Fund's transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“Transfer Agent”). You will become the owner of Shares and receive dividends when your payment is received in accordance with these time frames (provided that, if payment is received in the form of a check, the check clears). If your payment is not received in accordance with these time frames, or a check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses, fees or expenses incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
Financial intermediaries should send payments according to the instructions in the sections “By Wire” or “By Check.”
Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
■  Establish your account with the Fund by submitting a completed New Account Form; and
■  Send your payment to the Fund by Federal Reserve wire or check.
You will become the owner of Shares and your Shares will be priced at the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your wire or your check. If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
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By Wire
To facilitate processing your order, please call the Fund before sending the wire. Send your wire to:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA
Dollar Amount of Wire
ABA Number 011000028
BNF: 23026552
Attention: Federated EDGEWIRE
Wire Order Number, Dealer Number or Group Number
Nominee/Institution Name
Fund Name and Number and Account Number
You cannot purchase Shares by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
By Check
Make your check payable to The Federated Funds, note your account number on the check, and send it to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
If you send your check by a private courier or overnight delivery service that requires a street address, send it to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
Payment should be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request. For example, to protect against check fraud the Fund may reject any purchase request involving a check that is not made payable to The Federated Funds (including, but not limited to, requests to purchase Shares using third-party checks) or involving temporary checks or credit card checks.
By Direct Deposit
You may establish Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit arrangements for investments into the Fund by either calling a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400; or by completing the Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit Form, which is available on FederatedInvestors.com under Customer Service/Find a Form. You will receive a confirmation when this service is available.
THROUGH AN EXCHANGE
You may purchase Fund Shares through an exchange from another Federated fund. To do this you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  You may purchase Shares through an exchange from the same share class of another Federated fund.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to purchase shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM (SIP)
Once you have opened an account, you may automatically purchase additional Shares on a regular basis by completing the SIP section of the New Account Form or by contacting the Fund or your financial intermediary. The minimum investment amount for SIPs is $50.
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BY AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH)
Once you have opened an account, you may purchase additional Shares through a depository institution that is an ACH member. This purchase option can be established by completing the appropriate sections of the New Account Form.
How to Redeem and Exchange Shares
You should redeem or exchange Shares:
■  through a financial intermediary if you purchased Shares through a financial intermediary; or
■  directly from the Fund if you purchased Shares directly from the Fund.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed for cash, or exchanged for shares of other Federated funds as described herein, on days on which the Fund computes its NAV. Redemption requests may be made by telephone or in writing.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Submit your redemption or exchange request to your financial intermediary by the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The redemption amount you will receive is based upon the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives the order from your financial intermediary.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
By Telephone
You may redeem or exchange Shares by simply calling the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
If you call before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), you will receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV.
By Mail
You may redeem or exchange Shares by sending a written request to the Fund.
You will receive a redemption amount based on the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your written request in proper form.
Send requests by mail to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Send requests by private courier or overnight delivery service to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
All requests must include:
■  Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration;
■  amount to be redeemed or exchanged;
■  signatures of all shareholders exactly as registered; and
■  if exchanging, the Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration into which you are exchanging.
Call your financial intermediary or the Fund if you need special instructions.
Signature Guarantees
Signatures must be guaranteed by a financial institution which is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program if:
■  your redemption will be sent to an address other than the address of record;
■  your redemption will be sent to an address of record that was changed within the last 30 days;
■  a redemption is payable to someone other than the shareholder(s) of record; or
■  transferring into another fund with a different shareholder registration.
A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect your account from fraud. Obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, savings association, credit union or broker, dealer or securities exchange member. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
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By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to redeem or exchange shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
PAYMENT METHODS FOR REDEMPTIONS
Your redemption proceeds will be mailed by check to your address of record. The following payment options are available if you complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form. These payment options require a signature guarantee if they were not established when the account was opened:
■  An electronic transfer to your account at a financial institution that is an ACH member; or
■  Wire payment to your account at a domestic commercial bank that is a Federal Reserve System member.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
LIMITATIONS ON REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
Redemption proceeds normally are wired or mailed within one business day after receiving a request in proper form. Payment may be delayed for up to seven days:
■  to allow your purchase to clear (as discussed below);
■  during periods of market volatility;
■  when a shareholder's trade activity or amount adversely impacts the Fund's ability to manage its assets; or
■  during any period when the Federal Reserve wire or applicable Federal Reserve banks are closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings.
If you request a redemption of Shares recently purchased by check (including a cashier's check or certified check), money order, bank draft or ACH, your redemption proceeds may not be made available for up to seven calendar days to allow the Fund to collect payment on the instrument used to purchase such Shares. If the purchase instrument does not clear, your purchase order will be canceled and you will be responsible for any losses incurred by the Fund as a result of your canceled order.
In addition, the right of redemption may be suspended, or the payment of proceeds may be delayed (including beyond seven days), during any period:
■  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
■  when trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC;
■  in which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or
■  as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Fund shareholders.
  You will not accrue interest or dividends on uncashed redemption checks from the Fund if those checks are undeliverable and returned to the Fund.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange Shares of the Fund. To do this, you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  In addition, the Fund may terminate your exchange privilege if your exchange activity is found to be excessive under the Fund's frequent trading policies. See “Account and Share InformationFrequent Trading Policies.”
You may exchange Shares into shares of the same class of another Federated fund.
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Systematic Withdrawal/Exchange Program
You may automatically redeem or exchange Shares. The minimum amount for all new or revised systematic redemptions or exchanges of Shares is $50 per transaction per fund. Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Payments should not be considered yield or income.
Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming Shares using this program.
Systematic Withdrawal Program (SWP) on B Class
You will not be charged a CDSC on SWP redemptions if:
■  you redeem 12% or less of your account value in a single year;
■  you reinvest all dividends and capital gains distributions;
■  your account has at least a $10,000 balance when you establish the SWP. (You cannot aggregate multiple B class accounts to meet this minimum balance.); and
■  for all B class accounts established on or after August 2, 2010, the minimum SWP redemption amount is $50 per transaction, per fund, including transactions that qualify for a CDSC waiver as outlined in this Prospectus.
You will be subject to a CDSC on redemption amounts that exceed the 12% annual limit. In measuring the redemption percentage, your account is valued when you establish the SWP and then annually at calendar year-end. You can redeem monthly, quarterly or semi-annually.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Telephone Transactions
The Fund will record your telephone instructions. If the Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.
Share Certificates
The Fund no longer issues share certificates. If you are redeeming or exchanging Shares represented by certificates previously issued by the Fund, you must return the certificates with your written redemption or exchange request. For your protection, send your certificates by registered or certified mail, but do not endorse them.
Security and Privacy Protection
ONLINE ACCOUNT and TELEPHONE ACCESS SECURITY
Federated Investors, Inc. will not be responsible for losses that result from unauthorized transactions, unless Federated does not follow procedures designed to verify your identity. When initiating a transaction by telephone or online, shareholders should be aware that any person with access to your account and other personal information including PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) may be able to submit instructions by telephone or online. Shareholders are responsible for protecting their identity by using strong usernames and complex passwords which utilize combinations of mixed case letters, numbers and symbols, and change passwords and PINs frequently.
Using Federated's Account Access website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services. The Transfer Agent has adopted security procedures to confirm that internet instructions are genuine. The Transfer Agent will also send you written confirmation of share transactions. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for losses or expenses that occur from fraudulent Internet instructions reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent or the Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone transaction requests are genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you written confirmation, or requiring other confirmation security procedures. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for relying on instructions submitted by telephone that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.
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ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each new customer who opens a Fund account and to determine whether such person's name appears on governmental lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. Pursuant to the requirements under the Patriot Act, the information obtained will be used for compliance with the Patriot Act or other applicable laws, regulations and rules in connection with money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Information required includes your name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), and other information that identifies you, including your social security number, tax identification number or other identifying number. The Fund cannot waive these requirements. The Fund is required by law to reject your Account Application if the required information is not provided. If, after reasonable effort, the Fund is unable to verify your identity or that of any other person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or believes it has identified potentially suspicious, fraudulent or criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account and redeem your shares at the next calculated NAV without your permission. Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) will be assessed upon redemption of your shares.
The Fund has a strict policy designed to protect the privacy of your personal information. A copy of Federated Investors' privacy policy notice was given to you at the time you opened your account. The Fund sends a copy of the privacy notice to you annually. You may also obtain the privacy notice by calling the Fund, or through Federated Investors' website.
Account and Share Information
CONFIRMATIONS AND ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
You will receive confirmation of purchases, redemptions and exchanges (except for systematic transactions). In addition, you will receive periodic statements reporting all account activity, including systematic transactions, dividends and capital gains paid.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS
The Fund declares any dividends daily and pays them monthly to shareholders. If you purchase Shares by wire, you begin earning dividends on the day your wire is received. If you purchase Shares by check, you begin earning dividends on the business day after the Fund receives your check. In either case, you earn dividends through the day your redemption request is received.
In addition, the Fund pays any capital gains at least annually, and may make such special distributions of dividends and capital gains as may be necessary to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Your dividends and capital gains distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares without a sales charge, unless you elect cash payments. Dividends may also be reinvested without sales charges in shares of any class of any other Federated fund of which you are already a shareholder.
If you purchase Shares just before the record date for a capital gain distribution, you will pay the full price for the Shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution, whether or not you reinvest the distribution in Shares. Therefore, you should consider the tax implications of purchasing Shares shortly before the record date for a capital gain. Contact your financial intermediary or the Fund for information concerning when dividends and capital gains will be paid.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide a notice to shareholders regarding the source of distributions made by the Fund if such distributions are from sources other than ordinary investment income. In addition, important information regarding the Fund's distributions, if applicable, is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.Federatedinvestors.com/FundInformation.
Small Distributions and Uncashed Checks
Generally, dividend and/or capital gain distributions payable by check in an amount of less than $25 will be automatically reinvested in additional shares. This policy does not apply if you have elected to receive cash distributions that are directly deposited into your bank account via wire or ACH.
Additionally, if one or more dividend or capital gain distribution checks are returned as “undeliverable,” or remain uncashed for 180 days, all subsequent dividend and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. For questions on whether reinvestment applies to your distributions, please contact a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400.
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ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES
Federated reserves the right to close accounts if redemptions or exchanges cause the account balance to fall below $1,500. Before an account is closed, you will be notified and allowed at least 30 days to purchase additional Shares to meet the minimum.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund sends an IRS Form 1099 and an annual statement of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes, although the Fund's dividends will be exempt from the New York taxes discussed above to the extent they are derived from interest on obligations exempt from such taxes. In addition, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your Shares. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Capital gains and non-exempt dividends are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund. Redemptions and exchanges are taxable sales. Please consult your tax adviser regarding your federal, state and local tax liability.
FREQUENT TRADING POLICIES
Frequent or short-term trading into and out of the Fund can have adverse consequences for the Fund and shareholders who use the Fund as a long-term investment vehicle. Such trading in significant amounts can disrupt the Fund's investment strategies (e.g., by requiring it to sell investments at inopportune times or maintain excessive short-term or cash positions to support redemptions), increase brokerage and administrative costs and affect the timing and amount of taxable gains distributed by the Fund. Investors engaged in such trading may also seek to profit by anticipating changes in the Fund's NAV in advance of the time as of which NAV is calculated.
The Fund's Board has approved policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive frequent or short-term trading of the Fund's Shares. The Fund monitors trading in Fund Shares in an effort to identify disruptive trading activity. The Fund monitors trades into and out of the Fund within a period of 30 days or less. The Fund may also monitor trades into and out of the Fund for potentially disruptive trading activity over periods longer than 30 days. The size of Share transactions subject to monitoring varies. Where it is determined that a shareholder has exceeded the detection amounts twice within a period of 12 months, the Fund will temporarily prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. If the shareholder continues to exceed the detection amounts for specified periods the Fund will impose lengthier trading restrictions on the shareholder, up to and including permanently prohibiting the shareholder from making any further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. Whether or not the specific monitoring limits are exceeded, the Fund's management or the Adviser may determine from the amount, frequency or pattern of purchases and redemptions or exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is or could be detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders and may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. No matter how the Fund defines its limits on frequent trading of Fund Shares, other purchases and sales of Fund Shares may have adverse effects on the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund's frequent trading restrictions do not apply to purchases and sales of Fund Shares by other Federated funds. These funds impose the same frequent trading restrictions as the Fund at their shareholder level. In addition, allocation changes of the investing Federated fund are monitored, and the managers of the recipient fund must determine that there is no disruption to their management activity. The intent of this exception is to allow investing fund managers to accommodate cash flows and other activity that result from non-abusive trading in the investing fund, without being stopped from such trading because the aggregate of such trades exceeds the monitoring limits. Nonetheless, as with any trading in Fund Shares, purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares by other Federated funds could adversely affect the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund will not restrict transactions made on a non-discretionary basis by certain asset allocation programs, wrap programs, fund of funds, collective funds or other similar accounts that have been pre-approved by Federated (“Approved Accounts”). The Fund will continue to monitor transactions by the Approved Accounts and will seek to limit or restrict even non-discretionary transactions by Approved Accounts that are determined to be disruptive or harmful to the Fund.
The Fund's objective is that its restrictions on short-term trading should apply to all shareholders that are subject to the restrictions, regardless of the number or type of accounts in which Shares are held. However, the Fund anticipates that limitations on its ability to identify trading activity to specific shareholders, including where Shares are held through intermediaries in multiple or omnibus accounts, will mean that these restrictions may not be able to be applied uniformly in all cases.
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Other funds in the Federated family of funds may impose different monitoring policies or in some cases, may not monitor for frequent or short-term trading. Under normal market conditions such monitoring policies are designed to protect the funds being monitored and their shareholders and the operation of such policies and shareholder investments under such monitoring are not expected to have materially adverse impact on the Federated funds or their shareholders. If you plan to exchange your fund shares for shares of another Federated fund, please read the prospectus of that other Federated fund for more information.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, from time to time (for example, during periods of unusual market conditions), additional information regarding the Fund's portfolio holdings and/or composition may be posted to Federated's website. If and when such information is posted, its availability will be noted on, and the information will be accessible from, the home page of the website.
Who Manages the Fund?
The Board governs the Fund. The Board selects and oversees the Adviser, Federated Investment Management Company. The Adviser manages the Fund's assets, including buying and selling portfolio securities. Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
The Adviser and other subsidiaries of Federated advise approximately 122 equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds as well as a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds) which totaled approximately $361.1 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015. Federated was established in 1955 and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with approximately 1,445 employees. Federated provides investment products to approximately 8,400 investment professionals and institutions.
The Adviser advises approximately 89 fixed-income and money market mutual funds (including sub-advised funds) and private investment companies, which totaled approximately $237.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
J. Scott Albrecht
J. Scott Albrecht has been the Fund's Portfolio Manager since March 1995. Mr. Albrecht joined Federated in 1989. He became a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in January 2005, and served as a Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1994 through 2004. He has been a Senior Portfolio Manager since 1997 and was a Portfolio Manager from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Albrecht has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and an M.S. in Public Management from Carnegie Mellon University.
The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager's compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
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ADVISORY FEES
The Fund's investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.40% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Risk/Return Summary: Fees and Expenses” table found in the “Fund Summary” section of the Prospectus.
A discussion of the Board's review of the Fund's investment advisory contract is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for the periods ended August 31 and February 28, respectively.
Financial Information
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund's financial performance for its past five fiscal years. Some of the information is presented on a per Share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
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Financial HighlightsClass A Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $10.33 $10.45 $9.86 $10.65 $10.13
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.36
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.38 (0.12) 0.59 (0.80) 0.52
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.68 0.20 0.92 (0.46) 0.88
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.30) (0.32) (0.33) (0.33) (0.36)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $10.71 $10.33 $10.45 $9.86 $10.65
Total Return1 6.72% 1.94% 9.46% (4.50)% 8.88%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.76% 0.76% 0.76% 0.76% 0.62%
Net investment income 2.89% 3.10% 3.26% 3.15% 3.49%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.59% 0.65% 0.70% 0.53% 1.18%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $31,472 $28,576 $28,022 $27,534 $33,073
Portfolio turnover 10% 17% 27% 7% 19%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
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Financial HighlightsClass B Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $10.33 $10.45 $9.86 $10.65 $10.13
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net Investment Income 0.23 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.28
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.38 (0.13) 0.59 (0.79) 0.53
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.61 0.12 0.84 (0.54) 0.81
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.23) (0.24) (0.25) (0.25) (0.29)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $10.71 $10.33 $10.45 $9.86 $10.65
Total Return1 5.92% 1.18% 8.65% (5.21)% 8.07%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 1.52% 1.52% 1.52% 1.52% 1.38%
Net investment income 2.14% 2.34% 2.50% 2.37% 2.72%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.58% 0.65% 0.69% 0.52% 1.17%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $1,869 $2,130 $2,562 $2,661 $3,022
Portfolio turnover 10% 17% 27% 7% 19%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
33

Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following charts provide additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's assumed returns over a 10-year period. Each chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $10,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no redemption of Shares. Each chart also assumes that the Fund's annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period (except the B class, which converts to the A class after you have held them for eight years) and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratios used in each chart are the same as stated in the “Fees and Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus may not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). The maximum amount of any sales charge that might be imposed on the purchase of Shares (and deducted from the hypothetical initial investment of $10,000; the “Front-End Sales Charge”) is reflected in the “Hypothetical Expenses” column. The hypothetical investment information does not reflect the effect of charges (if any) normally applicable to redemptions of Shares (e.g., deferred sales charges, redemption fees). Mutual fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED NEW YORK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - A CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.35%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 4.50%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $477.50 $10,027.50 $581.28 $9,898.58
2 $9,898.58 $494.93 $10,393.51 $136.07 $10,259.88
3 $10,259.88 $512.99 $10,772.87 $141.04 $10,634.37
4 $10,634.37 $531.72 $11,166.09 $146.18 $11,022.52
5 $11,022.52 $551.13 $11,573.65 $151.52 $11,424.84
6 $11,424.84 $571.24 $11,996.08 $157.05 $11,841.85
7 $11,841.85 $592.09 $12,433.94 $162.78 $12,274.08
8 $12,274.08 $613.70 $12,887.78 $168.72 $12,722.08
9 $12,722.08 $636.10 $13,358.18 $174.88 $13,186.44
10 $13,186.44 $659.32 $13,845.76 $181.27 $13,667.75
Cumulative   $5,640.72   $2,000.79  
    
FEDERATED NEW YORK MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - B CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 2.10%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $500.00 $10,500.00 $213.05 $10,290.00
2 $10,290.00 $514.50 $10,804.50 $219.22 $10,588.41
3 $10,588.41 $529.42 $11,117.83 $225.58 $10,895.47
4 $10,895.47 $544.77 $11,440.24 $232.12 $11,211.44
5 $11,211.44 $560.57 $11,772.01 $238.85 $11,536.57
6 $11,536.57 $576.83 $12,113.40 $245.78 $11,871.13
7 $11,871.13 $593.56 $12,464.69 $252.91 $12,215.39
8 $12,215.39 $610.77 $12,826.16 $260.24 $12,569.64
Converts from Class B to Class A       Annual Expense Ratio: 1.35%
9 $12,569.64 $628.48 $13,198.12 $172.79 $13,028.43
10 $13,028.43 $651.42 $13,679.85 $179.09 $13,503.97
Cumulative   $5,710.32   $2,239.63  
34

An SAI dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about the Fund and its investments is contained in the Fund's SAI and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders as they become available. The Annual Report's Management's Discussion of Fund Performance discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI contains a description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities. To obtain the SAI, Annual Report, Semi-Annual Report and other information without charge, and to make inquiries, call your financial intermediary or the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
These documents, as well as additional information about the Fund (including portfolio holdings, performance and distributions), are also available on Federated's website at FederatedInvestors.com.
You can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI) by writing to or visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. You may also access Fund information from the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You can purchase copies of this information by contacting the SEC by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the Public Reference Room's operations and copying fees.
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Investment Company Act File No. 811-6165
CUSIP 313923401
CUSIP 313923880
2092919A-FS (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Prospectus
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A OMIAX
F OMIFX
The information contained herein relates to all classes of the Fund's Shares, as listed above, unless otherwise noted.
Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

A mutual fund seeking to provide current income by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally, distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities.
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee


Fund Summary Information
Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund (the “Fund”)
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund's investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Class A Shares (A) and Class F Shares (F) of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 and $1,000,000 in certain classes (e.g., A class and F class, respectively) of Federated funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the “What Do Shares Cost?” section of the Prospectus on page 15.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A F
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.50% 1.00%
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, as applicable)

0.00% 1.00%
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (and other Distributions) (as a percentage of offering price)

None None
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)

None None
Exchange Fee

None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
   
Management Fee

0.40% 0.40%
Distribution (12b-1) Fee

0.00%1 0.40%
Other Expenses

0.50% 0.50%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.90% 1.30%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements2

(0.15)% (0.40)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements

0.75% 0.90%
1 The Fund has adopted a Distribution (12b-1) Plan for its Class A shares pursuant to which the A class of the Fund may incur or charge a Distribution (12b-1) fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%. No such fee is currently incurred or charged by the A class of the Fund. The A class of the Fund will not incur or charge such a Distribution (12b-1) fee until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the “Trustees”).
2 The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, line of credit expenses, and proxy-related expenses, paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund's A class and F class (after the voluntary waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.75% and 0.90% (the “Fee Limit”), respectively, up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) November 1, 2017; or (b) the date of the Fund's next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund's Board of Trustees
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. Expenses assuming no redemption are also shown. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that operating expenses are as shown in the table above and remain the same. Although your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Share Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A:        
Expenses assuming redemption $538 $724 $926 $1,508
Expenses assuming no redemption $538 $724 $926 $1,508
F:        
Expenses assuming redemption $331 $608 $806 $1,652
Expenses assuming no redemption $231 $508 $806 $1,652
1

Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 13% of the average value of its portfolio.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENTS, RISKS and PERFORMANCE
What are the Fund's Main Investment Strategies?
The Fund pursues its objective by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets. Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities. The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating.
The securities in which the Fund may principally invest include tax-exempt securities, which may include, for example, general obligation bonds, special revenue bonds, private activity bonds, tax-increment financing bonds, municipal leases, zero-coupon securities, inverse floaters, municipal mortgage-backed securities and planned amortization classes. Certain of the tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement.
The Fund also may principally invest in derivative contracts (such as, for example, futures contracts, option contracts and swap contracts) and hybrid instruments to implement its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s), to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector, to increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio or to hedge against potential losses.
The Fund also may invest in certain securities or other investments (such as market discount bonds, credit default swaps and other derivative transactions) that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes).
The Fund will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
What are the Main Risks of Investing in the Fund?
All mutual funds take investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The primary factors that may reduce the Fund's returns include:
■  Tax-Exempt Securities Risk. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability.
2

■  Interest Rate Risk. Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates.
■  Issuer Credit Risk. It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
■  Counterparty Credit Risk. A party to a transaction involving the Fund may fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategies.
■  Liquidity Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund invests may be less readily marketable and may be subject to greater fluctuation in price than other securities. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. Over-the-counter derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts.
■  Tax Risk. In order to be tax-exempt, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
■  Leverage Risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
■  Call Risk. The Fund's performance may be adversely affected by the possibility that an issuer of a security held by the Fund may redeem the security prior to maturity at a price below or above its current market value.
■  Sector Risk. Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term, Ohio tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade, Ohio tax-exempt securities, the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states. Ohio's economy is relatively diversified across the manufacturing, agriculture and service sectors. However, the manufacturing sector is the dominant sector within Ohio and exposes the state to the economic dislocations which occur within cyclical industries. A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities.
■  Prepayment Risk. When homeowners prepay their mortgages in response to lower interest rates, the Fund will be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates available. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of municipal mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities.
■  Credit Enhancement Risk. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.
■  Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. This increases the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that any one issuer has on the Fund's Share price and performance.
■  Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that are below investment-grade quality (which are also known as junk bonds), which may be subject to greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
3

■  Risk Related to the Economy. The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market. Economic, political and financial conditions may, from time to time, cause the Fund to experience volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions or other potentially adverse effects. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
■  Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such contracts and instruments include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
■  Technology Risk. The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
The Shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Performance: Bar Chart and Table
Risk/Return Bar Chart
The bar chart and performance table below reflect historical performance data for the Fund and are intended to help you analyze the Fund's investment risks in light of its historical returns. The bar chart shows the variability of the Fund's F class total returns on a calendar year-by-year basis. The Average Annual Total Return Table shows returns averaged over the stated periods, and includes comparative performance information. The Fund's performance will fluctuate, and past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of future results. Updated performance information for the Fund is available under the “Products” section at FederatedInvestors.com or by calling 1-800-341-7400.
  
The total returns shown in the bar chart do not reflect the payment of any sales charges or recurring shareholder account fees. If these charges or fees had been included, the returns shown would have been lower.
The Fund's F class total return for the nine-month period from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016, was 3.94%.
Within the periods shown in the bar chart, the Fund's F class highest quarterly return was 5.48% (quarter ended September 30, 2009). Its lowest quarterly return was (4.13)% (quarter ended September 30, 2008).
Average Annual Total Return Table
The Fund's A class commenced operation on November 18, 2008. Accordingly, for the period prior to the commencement of operations, the performance information shown in the Average Annual Total Return table is for the Fund's F class adjusted to reflect the sales charges and expenses of the A class. In addition to Return Before Taxes, Return After Taxes is shown for the Fund's F class to illustrate the effect of federal taxes on Fund returns. After-tax returns are shown only for the F class and after tax returns for the A class will differ from those shown below for the F class. Actual after-tax returns depend on each investor's personal tax situation and are likely to differ from those shown. After-tax returns are calculated using a standard set of assumptions. The stated returns assume the highest historical federal income and capital gains tax rates. These after-tax returns do not reflect the effect of any applicable state and local taxes. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors holding Shares through tax-deferred programs, such as a 401(k) Plan, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
4

(For the Periods Ended December 31, 2015)
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
A:      
Return Before Taxes (2.04)% 3.76% 2.99%
F:      
Return Before Taxes 0.42% 4.35% 3.34%
Return After Taxes on Distributions 0.42% 4.35% 3.34%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 1.49% 4.12% 3.37%
S&P Municipal Bond Ohio Index1
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
4.71% 6.38% 4.75%
S&P Municipal Bond OH, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Index2
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
4.26% 6.47% 4.89%
Morningstar Municipal Ohio Funds Average3 2.65% 4.58% 3.82%
1 The S&P Municipal Bond Ohio Index (OH Index) consists of bonds in the S&P Municipal Bond Index (Main Index) that have been issued by the state of Ohio or local governments or state or local government entities within Ohio. The Main Index is a broad, comprehensive, market value-weighted index composed of approximately 55,000 bond issues that are exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Main Index include, but are not limited to: the bond issuer must be a state (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and U.S. territories) or local government or a state or local government entity where interest on the bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the AMT; the bond must be held by a mutual fund for which Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations, Inc. provides prices; it must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a minimum par amount of $2 million; and the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. The Main Index is rebalanced monthly.
2 The S&P Municipal Bond OH Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Index represents the return of the portion of the OH Index composed solely of bonds that are rated BBB-/Baa3 or higher with remaining maturities of more than three years that are not subject to AMT.
3 Morningstar figures represent the average of the total returns reported by all the mutual funds designated by Morningstar as falling into the respective category indicated. Funds designated within the Morningstar Municipal Ohio Funds Category Average include those that invest at least 80% of assets in Ohio municipal debt and can include long-, intermediate- and short-duration portfolios.
FUND MANAGEMENT
The Fund's Investment Adviser is Federated Investment Management Company.
J. Scott Albrecht, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since March 1995.
purchase and sale of fund shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange Shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open. Shares may be purchased through a financial intermediary firm that has entered into a Fund selling and/or servicing agreement with the Distributor or an affiliate (“Financial Intermediary”) or directly from the Fund, by wire or by check. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply. Redeem or exchange Shares through a financial intermediary or directly from the Fund by telephone at 1-800-341-7400 or by mail.
The minimum investment amount for the Fund's A and F classes is generally $1,500 for initial investments and $100 for subsequent investments. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
TAX INFORMATION
It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be tax exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes (except for Ohio taxes, to the extent derived from Ohio tax-exempt investments and eligible for tax-exempt treatment under Ohio law). Although the Fund does not seek to realize capital gains, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Any Fund distributions of capital gains are taxable at applicable capital gains rates. The Fund is generally not a suitable investment for retirement accounts.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed in this Prospectus), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities. Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
5

What are the Fund's Investment Strategies?
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the principal strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal strategies.
The Fund invests in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) without regard to the maturity of the securities, and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets.
Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth highest ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities.
The amount of the Fund's assets invested in long-term or investment-grade, tax-exempt securities will be determined at the time when tax-exempt securities are purchased. For example, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets, or from a downgrade in a security's rating/quality, will not require the Fund to sell any tax-exempt security held in the Fund's portfolio.
The investment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks and the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests generally are subject to these risks, as well as the risks of investing in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments, all as described in this Prospectus. The noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests, which are also known as junk bonds, also generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks, as well as the risks of investing in noninvestment-grade securities, all as described in this Prospectus.
The Fund's investment adviser (“Adviser”) actively manages the Fund's portfolio, seeking to manage the interest rate risk and credit risk assumed by the Fund and to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return.
The Adviser manages the Fund's interest rate risk by adjusting the duration of its portfolio. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The greater a portfolio's duration, the greater the potential change in the portfolio's value in response to a change in market interest rates. The Adviser will increase or reduce the Fund's portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Adviser expects interest rates to fall, it will maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Adviser expects interest rates to increase, it will shorten the portfolio duration. The Adviser uses hedging transactions for purposes of duration management. The Adviser considers a variety of factors in formulating its interest rate outlook, including (among others) the following:
■  Current and expected U.S. economic growth;
■  Current and expected interest rates and inflation;
■  The Federal Reserve's monetary policy; and
■  Supply and demand factors related to the municipal market and the effect they may have on the returns offered for various bond maturities.
The Adviser manages credit risk by performing a fundamental credit analysis on tax-exempt securities before the Fund purchases such securities. The Adviser considers various factors, including (among others) the following:
■  The economic feasibility of revenue bond financings and general purpose financings;
■  The financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; and
■  Political developments that may affect credit quality.
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The Adviser monitors the credit risks of all portfolio securities on an ongoing basis by reviewing, as the Adviser considers necessary or appropriate in accordance with its procedures, periodic financial data and ratings of NRSROs. The Fund's investments in noninvestment-grade securities will be more dependent on the Adviser's credit analysis than would be investment-grade securities, because noninvestment-grade securities, while generally offering higher yields, also involve greater risks. Consequently, in addition to the review process described above, the Adviser may, for example and when appropriate, visit the site that the issuer is developing with the proceeds of the offering and may engage in detailed discussions with the issuer regarding the offering.
The Adviser attempts to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return. Total return consists of two components: (1) income received from the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) changes in the market value of the Fund's portfolio securities and attendant increase or decrease in the net asset value (NAV) of Fund Shares. The Adviser seeks total return on an after-tax basis, so that it will try to maximize tax-exempt income distributions; make limited ordinary income distributions; and minimize or eliminate capital gains distributions.
In seeking to increase incremental after-tax total returns, the Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities that are trading at a price less than the original issue price (or market discount bonds), enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s) or to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector. Additionally, by way of example, the Fund may use derivative contracts in an attempt to:
■  increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio;
■  obtain premiums from the sale of derivative contracts;
■  realize gains from trading a derivative contract; or
■  hedge against potential losses.
  There can be no assurance that the Fund's use of derivative contracts or hybrid instruments will work as intended.
The Fund will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in taxable securities or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate tax-exempt securities); to maintain liquidity to meet shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such temporary investments could affect the Fund's investment returns. If the Fund invests in taxable securities, it may receive and distribute taxable income to investors and to that extent fail to meet its investment objectives.
What are the Fund's Principal Investments?
The following provides general information on the Fund's principal investments. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
Tax-exempt securities are fixed-income securities that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer or on the basis of another authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable, pay interest that is not subject to federal regular income taxes. Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Typically, states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities issue tax-exempt securities. The market categorizes tax-exempt securities by their source of repayment. Certain of these tax-exempt securities may be subject to credit enhancement.
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The following describes the principal types of tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest:
General Obligation Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer's power to exact property or other taxes. The issuer must impose and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. However, the issuer's authority to impose additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.
Special Revenue Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Special revenue bonds are payable solely from specific revenues received by the issuer such as specific taxes, assessments, tolls or fees. Bondholders may not collect from the municipality's general taxes or revenues. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to build a toll road and pledge the tolls to repay the bonds. Therefore, a shortfall in the tolls normally would result in a default on the bonds, or in certain cases, may result in a reduction in payments received in respect of the bonds.
Private Activity Bonds (A Type of Special Revenue Bond)
Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private projects. A certain percentage of the proceeds from a private activity bond is used for a private business use or a certain percentage of the debt service regarding a private activity bond is paid directly or indirectly from a private business use. A private business use is a trade or business carried on by any person or entity other than a governmental unit. Private activity bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the private entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy. The municipality would lend the proceeds from its bonds to the company using the factory, and the company would agree to make loan payments sufficient to cover interest and principal payments on the bonds. The bonds would be payable from the company's loan payments, and generally not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default of the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds.
Types of private activity bonds include, for example: bonds issued to obtain funds to provide water, sewage and solid waste facilities, qualified residential rental projects, certain local electric, gas and other heating and cooling facilities, qualified hazardous waste facilities, high speed intercity rail facilities, certain airports, docks, wharves and mass transportation facilities and qualified mortgages; qualified student loan bonds; qualified redevelopment bonds; and bonds used for certain organizations exempt from federal income taxation (qualified 501(c)(3) bonds).
The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the AMT. The Fund may invest in bonds subject to AMT.
Tax Increment Financing Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax increment financing (TIF) bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to projects within the TIF district. For example, a municipality may issue TIF bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The TIF bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from the merchants in the area. The bonds could fail to pay principal or interest if merchants' sales, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.
Municipal Leases (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipalities may enter into leases for equipment or facilities. In order to comply with state public financing laws, these leases are typically subject to annual appropriation. In other words, a municipality may end a lease, without penalty, by not providing for the lease payments in its annual budget. After the lease ends, the lessor can resell the equipment or facility but may lose money on the sale.
The Fund may invest in securities supported by pools of municipal leases. The most common type of lease-backed securities is certificates of participation (COPs). However, the Fund may also invest directly in individual leases.
Zero-Coupon Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity unlike debt securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors buy zero-coupon securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero-coupon security. Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero-coupon security. A zero-coupon, step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.
There are many forms of zero-coupon securities. Some are issued at a discount and are referred to as zero-coupon or capital appreciation bonds. In addition, some securities give the issuer the option to deliver additional securities in place of cash interest payments, thereby increasing the amount payable at maturity. These are referred to as pay-in-kind or PIK securities.
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Inverse Floaters (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
An inverse floater has a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction of market interest rates. Inverse floaters are used to enhance the income from a bond investment by employing leverage. When short-term market interest rates go up, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes down; when short-term market interest rates go down, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes up. Inverse floaters generally respond more rapidly to market interest rate changes than fixed-rate, tax-exempt securities. Inverse floaters are subject to interest rate risks and leverage risks.
Municipal Mortgage-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal mortgage-backed securities are special revenue bonds, the proceeds of which may be used to provide mortgage loans for single family homes or to finance multifamily housing. Municipal mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages. The mortgages that comprise a pool normally have similar interest rates, maturities and other terms. Mortgages may have fixed or adjustable rates. Municipal mortgage-backed securities generally have fixed interest rates.
Municipal mortgage-backed securities come in a variety of forms. The simplest forms of municipal mortgage-backed securities are unstructured bonds backed by the net interest and principal payments and prepayments from the underlying mortgages. As a result, the holders assume all interest rate and prepayment risks of the underlying mortgages. Other municipal mortgage-backed securities may have more complicated financial structures.
PACs (A Type of Municipal Mortgage-Backed Security)
PACs (planned amortization classes) are a sophisticated form of municipal mortgage-backed security issued with a companion class(es). PACs receive principal payments and prepayments at a specified rate. The companion classes receive principal payments and prepayments in excess of the specified rate. In addition, PACs will receive the companion classes' share of principal payments, if necessary, to cover a shortfall in the prepayment rate. This helps PACs to control prepayment risks by increasing the risks to their companion classes.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
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The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
Payment obligations arising in connection with derivative contracts are frequently required to be secured with margin (which is commonly called “collateral”). To the extent necessary to meet such requirements, the Fund may purchase U.S. Treasury and/or government agency securities.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and caps and floors.
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OTHER INVESTMENTS, TRANSACTIONS, TECHNIQUES
Credit Enhancement
The Fund may invest in securities that have credit enhancement. Credit enhancement consists of an arrangement in which a company agrees to pay amounts due on a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) if the issuer defaults. In some cases the company providing credit enhancement makes all payments directly to the security holders and receives reimbursement from the issuer. Normally, the credit enhancer has greater financial resources and liquidity than the issuer. For this reason, the Adviser may evaluate the credit risk of a fixed-income security based solely upon its credit enhancement.
Common types of credit enhancement include guarantees, letters of credit, bond insurance and surety bonds. Credit enhancement also includes arrangements where securities or other liquid assets secure payment of a fixed-income security. If a default occurs, these assets may be sold and the proceeds paid to the security's holders. Either form of credit enhancement reduces credit risks by providing another source of payment for a fixed-income security.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Delayed Delivery Transactions
Delayed delivery transactions, including when-issued transactions, are arrangements in which the Fund buys securities for a set price, with payment and delivery of the securities scheduled for a future time. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. The Fund records the transaction when it agrees to buy the securities and reflects their value in determining the price of its Shares. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these transactions so that the market values of the securities bought may vary from the purchase prices. Therefore, delayed delivery transactions create interest rate risks for the Fund. Delayed delivery transactions also involve credit risks in the event of a counterparty default. These transactions create leverage risks.
Asset Segregation
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Adviser will determine whether a security is investment-grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more NRSROs. For example, Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer's inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade.
As disclosed in this Prospectus, the Fund may invest up to 49% of its assets in securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality). The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating requirement.
If a security is downgraded below any minimum quality grade discussed above, the Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
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What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund?
The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund's non-principal investments are described in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may include those issued by state or local governments, other political subdivisions or authorities, or directly or indirectly supported by taxes, assessments, tolls, fees or other revenue collected by or otherwise derived from or through such issuers. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Other factors include the general conditions of the tax-exempt securities market, the size of the particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. Like other issuers, there is no guarantee that the issuers of such securities will have sufficient revenues to satisfy their obligations (such as, for example, the payment of interest or principal when due). Legal, economic, political or other developments may raise impairments (such as, for example, limitations under applicable law on the issuer's authority to raise taxes, prolonged budgetary processes, declining real estate values or declining tax revenues) to such issuer's budgetary flexibility, liquidity and ability to satisfy its obligations. Such impairments may cause a downgrade in the credit ratings of such an issuer, or the securities issued or supported by it, and may cause such an issuer to defer payment of certain obligations, reduce or eliminate appropriations and/or default on its obligations.
Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of such issuers may continue or get worse. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability. As a result, in such situations, there would be heightened risk that there could be an interruption in payments to holders of tax-exempt securities in some cases. There also could be a reduction in the market value of the tax-exempt securities held by the Fund, which could adversely affect the Fund's net asset value or the distributions paid by the Fund.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates.
Certain factors, such as the presence of call features, may cause a particular fixed-income security, or the Fund as a whole, to exhibit less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Certain of the Fund's investments may also be valued, in part, by reference to the relative relationship between interest rates on tax-exempt securities and taxable securities, respectively. When the market for tax-exempt securities underperforms (or outperforms) the market for taxable securities, the value of these investments may be negatively affected (or positively affected).
ISSUER Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) receive credit ratings from NRSROs such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody's Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor's that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO's assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund's
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portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security's spread may also increase if the security's rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline.
COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK
Counterparty credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. Trading opportunities also are more limited for inverse floaters that have complex terms or that are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Tax Risk
In order to pay interest that is exempt from federal, state or local regular income tax, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable.
Changes or proposed changes in federal, state or local tax laws may cause the prices of tax-exempt securities to fall and/or may affect the tax-exempt status of the securities in which the Fund invests.
The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. Additionally, the Fund may not be able to close out certain derivative contracts when it wants to. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
Leverage Risk
The tax-exempt securities, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to leverage risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
CALL RISK
The tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to call risk. Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) before maturity (a “call”) at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security's price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
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SECTOR RISK
A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics or by issuers located in the same state (such as Ohio). As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities. Developments affecting companies with similar characteristics might include changes in interest rates, changes in economic cycle affecting credit losses and regulatory changes.
Ohio's economy is relatively diversified across the manufacturing, agriculture and service sectors. However, the manufacturing sector is the dominant sector within Ohio and exposes the state to the economic dislocations which occur within cyclical industries.
Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term, Ohio tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade, Ohio tax-exempt securities: (a) the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states; and (b) the Fund's performance also may be negatively affected by other local, state or regional factors. For example, natural disasters may affect the creditworthiness of municipal issuers or otherwise disrupt the local, state or regional economy or certain sectors of the economy.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Unlike traditional fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities), which pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity (when the entire principal amount is due), payments on municipal mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Partial payment of principal may be comprised of scheduled principal payments as well as unscheduled payments from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying loans. These unscheduled prepayments of principal create risks that can adversely affect a fund holding municipal mortgage-backed securities.
For example, when interest rates decline, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally rise. However, when interest rates decline, unscheduled prepayments can be expected to accelerate, and the Fund would be required to reinvest the proceeds of the prepayments at the lower interest rates then available. Unscheduled prepayments would also limit the potential for capital appreciation on municipal mortgage-backed securities.
Conversely, when interest rates rise, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally fall. Since rising interest rates typically result in decreased prepayments, this could lengthen the average lives of municipal mortgage-backed securities, and cause their value to decline more than traditional fixed-income securities.
Generally, municipal mortgage-backed securities compensate for the increased risk associated with prepayments by paying a higher yield. The additional interest paid for risk is measured by the difference between the yield of a municipal mortgage-backed security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”). An increase in the spread will cause the price of the municipal mortgage-backed security to decline. Spreads generally increase in response to adverse economic or market conditions. Spreads may also increase if the security is perceived to have an increased prepayment risk or is perceived to have less market demand.
Credit Enhancement Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security's value due to changes in market conditions. Securities subject to credit enhancement generally would be assigned a lower credit rating if the rating were based primarily on the credit quality of the issuer without regard to the credit enhancement. If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded.
A single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Fund's investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund, as the Fund may invest in securities credit enhanced by banks or by bond insurers without limit. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, including the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress.
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RISK OF NON-DIVERSIFIED FUND
The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. In certain situations, being non-diversified may reduce the Fund's credit risk by enabling it to avoid investing in certain countries, regions or sectors that exhibit above average credit risk. However, being non-diversified may also increase the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that only one issuer has on the Fund's share price and performance.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities that are rated below investment grade or unrated securities of comparable quality (i.e., noninvestment-grade securities), also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. The Fund will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and may purchase securities rated below investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) up to 49% of its assets.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions may from time to time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other factors, which could negatively impact the Fund's performance. A general rise in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities, and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing
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margin, or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or in the Fund's SAI, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
What Do Shares Cost?
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
When the Fund receives your transaction request in proper form (as described in this Prospectus), it is processed at the next calculated net asset value of a Share (NAV) plus any applicable front-end sales charge (“public offering price”). A Share's NAV is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedInvestors.com, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
You can purchase, redeem or exchange Shares any day the NYSE is open.
When the Fund holds fixed-income securities that trade on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund's assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees (“Board”).
■  Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and asked quotations.
■  Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures. The Fund's SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee to assist the Board in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of such investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
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SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
The following table summarizes the minimum investment amount and the maximum sales charge, if any, that you will pay on an investment in the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
  Minimum
Initial/Subsequent
Investment
Amounts1
Maximum Sales Charges
Shares Offered Front-End
Sales Charge2
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge3
A $1,500/$100 4.50% 0.00%
F $1,500/$100 1.00% 1.00%
1 Please see “By Systematic Investment Program” for applicable minimum investment. Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund.
2 Front-End Sales Charge is expressed as a percentage of public offering price. See “Sales Charge When You Purchase.”
3 See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
As shown in the table above, each class of Shares has a different sales charge structure. In addition, the ongoing annual operating expenses (expense ratios), as well as the compensation payable to financial intermediaries, also vary among the classes. Before you decide which class to purchase, you should review the different charges and expenses of each class carefully, in light of your personal circumstances, and consult with your financial intermediary.
Among the important factors to consider are the amount you plan to invest and the length of time you expect to hold your investment (for example, whether the investment is in connection with a long-term retirement program). You should also consider, for example, that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate, the front-end sales charges imposed on purchases of the A class and the F class. Among other ways, the A class and the F class have a series of “breakpoints,” which means that the front-end sales charges decrease (and can be eliminated entirely) as the amount invested increases. (The breakpoint schedule is set out below, along with detailed information on ways to reduce, or eliminate, front-end sales charges.)
SALES CHARGE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
The following tables list the sales charges which will be applied to your Share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the tables and described below.
A:
Purchase Amount Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $100,000 4.50% 4.71%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.75% 3.90%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 2.00% 2.04%
$1 million or greater1 0.00% 0.00%
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) of 0.75% of the redemption amount applies to Shares originally purchased in an amount of $1 million or more and redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where a financial intermediary received an advance payment on the transaction. CDSC exceptions may apply. See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
    
F:
Purchase Amount   Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
  Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $1 million   1.00%   1.01%
$1 million or greater   0.00%   0.00%
REDUCING THE SALES CHARGE WITH BREAKPOINT DISCOUNTS
Your investment may qualify for a reduction or elimination of the sales charge, also known as a breakpoint discount. The breakpoint discounts offered by the Fund are indicated in the tables above.
You or your financial intermediary must notify the Fund's Transfer Agent of eligibility for any applicable breakpoint discount at the time of purchase.
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In order to receive the applicable breakpoint discount, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint (“Qualifying Accounts”). Qualifying Accounts mean those share accounts in the Federated funds held directly or through a financial intermediary or through a single-participant retirement account by you, your spouse, your parents (if you are under age 21) and/or your children under age 21, which can be linked using tax identification numbers (TINs), social security numbers (SSNs) or broker identification numbers (BINs). Accounts held through 401(k) plans and similar multi-participant retirement plans, or through “Section 529” college savings plans or those accounts which cannot be linked using TINs, SSNs or BINs, are not Qualifying Accounts.
In order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount, you will be required to provide to your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent certain information on your New Account Form and may be required to provide account statements regarding Qualifying Accounts. If you purchase through a financial intermediary, you may be asked to provide additional information and records as required by the financial intermediary. Failure to provide proper notification or verification of eligibility for a breakpoint discount may result in your not receiving a breakpoint discount to which you are otherwise entitled. Breakpoint discounts apply only to your current purchase and do not apply retroactively to previous purchases. The sales charges applicable to the Shares offered in this Prospectus, and the breakpoint discounts offered with respect to such Shares, are described in full in this Prospectus. Because the Prospectus is available on Federated's website free of charge, Federated does not disclose this information separately on the website.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge at purchase of the A class and F class only, may be reduced or eliminated by:
Larger Purchases
■  Purchasing A class or F class Shares in greater quantities to reduce the applicable sales charge;
Concurrent and Accumulated Purchases
■  Combining concurrent purchases of and/or current investments in the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class of any Federated fund made or held by Qualifying Accounts; the purchase amount used in determining the sales charge on your additional Share purchase will be calculated by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in Qualifying Accounts and adding the dollar amount of your current purchase; or
Letter of Intent
■  Signing a letter of intent to purchase a qualifying amount of A class or F class Shares within 13 months. (Call your financial intermediary or the Fund for more information.) The Fund's custodian will hold Shares in escrow equal to the maximum applicable sales charge. If you complete the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will release the Shares in escrow to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will redeem the appropriate amount from the Shares held in escrow to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
ELIMINATING The SALES CHARGE
Your investment may qualify for a sales charge waiver. Sales charge waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a sales charge waiver, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each purchase that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your investment is eligible for a sales charge waiver at the time of purchase, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge will be eliminated when you purchase or acquire Shares:
■  within 120 days of redeeming Shares of an equal or greater amount;
■  through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive a dealer reallowance on purchases under such program;
■  with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
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■  issued in connection with the merger, consolidation or acquisition of the assets of another fund. Further, the sales charge will be eliminated on purchases of Shares made by a shareholder that originally became a shareholder of a Federated Fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits shareholders to acquire Shares at NAV, provided that such purchased Shares are held directly with the Fund's transfer agent. If the Shares are held through a financial intermediary, the sales charge waiver will not apply (A class only);
■  as a Federated Life Member (Federated shareholders who originally were issued shares through the “Liberty Account,” which was an account for the Liberty Family of Funds on February 28, 1987, or who invested through an affinity group prior to August 1, 1987, into the Liberty Account) (A class only);
■  as a Trustee, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, an employee of any financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals; or
■  pursuant to the exchange privilege.
  The sales charge will not be eliminated if you purchase Shares of the Fund through an exchange of shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund unless your Federated Government Reserves Fund shares were acquired through an exchange of shares on which the sales charge had previously been paid.
sales charge when you redeem
Your redemption proceeds may be reduced by a sales charge, commonly referred to as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC at the time of an exchange; however, the CDSC will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase. The CDSC schedule applicable to your original purchase will continue to apply to the shares you receive in an exchange.
To keep the sales charge as low as possible, the Fund redeems your Shares in this order:
■  Shares that are not subject to a CDSC; and
■  Shares held the longest. (To determine the number of years your Shares have been held, include the time you held shares of other Federated funds that have been exchanged for Shares of this Fund.)
The CDSC is then calculated using the Share price at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is lower.
A:    
If you make a purchase of the A class in the amount of $1 million or more and your financial intermediary received an advance commission on the sale, you will pay a 0.75% CDSC on any such Shares redeemed within 24 months of the purchase.
F:    
Purchase Amount Shares Held CDSC
Up to $2 million 4 years or less 1.00%
$2 million but less than $5 million 2 years or less 0.50%
$5 million or more 1 year or less 0.25%
Your redemption may qualify for a waiver of the CDSC. The CDSC waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a waiver of the CDSC, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each redemption that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent in order to take advantage of the waiver. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your redemption is eligible for a CDSC waiver at the time of redemption, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, you will not be charged a CDSC when redeeming Shares:
■  following the death of the last surviving shareholder on the account or the post-purchase disability of all registered shareholders, as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the beneficiary on an account with a Transfer on Death registration is deemed the last surviving shareholder on the account);
■  due to the termination of a trust following the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, provided that the trust document specifically states that the trust is terminated upon the death;
■  representing minimum required distributions from an IRA or other retirement plan as required under the Internal Revenue Code;
■  purchased by Trustees, employees of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, by employees of a financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, by the immediate family members of the above persons and by trusts, pension or profit-sharing plans for the above persons;
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■  purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive an advance commission on purchases under such program;
■  purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  redeemed by the Fund when it closes an account for not meeting the minimum balance requirements; or
■  purchased pursuant to the exchange privilege, if the Shares were held for the applicable CDSC holding period (the holding period on the Shares purchased in the exchange will include the holding period of the Shares sold in the exchange);
A Class Only
■  purchased in the amount of $1 million or more and redeemed within 24 months of purchase if the Shares were originally purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the principal underwriter not to receive an advanced commission on purchases under such program;
F Class Only
■  representing a total or partial distribution from a qualified plan, which does not include account transfers, rollovers or redemptions for the purpose of reinvestment. For these purposes, qualified plan does not include an IRA, individual 401(k) or custodial account following retirement.
How is the Fund Sold?
The Fund offers the following Share classes: Class A Shares (A) and Class F Shares (F), each representing interests in a single portfolio of securities. All Share classes have different sales charges and/or other expenses which affect their performance. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply.
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor, Federated Securities Corp., offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The Fund may not be a suitable investment for retirement plans or for non-Ohio taxpayers because it invests in Ohio tax-exempt securities.
The Fund's Distributor markets the A and F classes to customers of financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, banks, fiduciaries and investment advisors, or to individuals, directly or through financial intermediaries.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliated service providers may pay fees as described below to financial intermediaries (such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers or third-party administrators) whose customers are shareholders of the Fund.
FRONT-END SALES CHARGE REALLOWANCES
The Distributor receives a front-end sales charge on certain Share sales. The Distributor pays a portion of this charge to financial intermediaries that are eligible to receive it (the “Dealer Reallowance”) and retains any remaining portion of the front-end sales charge.
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive a Dealer Reallowance as follows:
A:  
Purchase Amount Dealer Reallowance
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $100,000 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.80%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
F:  
Less than $1 million 1.00%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
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ADVANCE COMMISSIONS
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive an advance commission as follows:
A (for purchases over $1 million):  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
First $1 million - $5 million 0.75%
Next $5 million - $20 million 0.50%
Over $20 million 0.25%
Advance commissions are calculated on a year-by-year basis based on amounts invested during that year. Accordingly, with respect to additional purchase amounts, the advance commission breakpoint resets annually to the first breakpoint on the anniversary of the first purchase.
The A class purchases under this program may be made by Letter of Intent or by combining concurrent purchases. The above advance commission will be paid only on those purchases that were not previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer advance commission. Certain retirement accounts may not be eligible for this program.
F:  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $2 million 1.00%
$2 million but less than $5 million 0.50%
$5 million or greater 0.25%
RULE 12b-1 FEES
The Board has adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan, which allows payment of marketing fees of up to 0.05% for A class and 0.40% for F class of average net assets to the Distributor for the sale, distribution, administration and customer servicing of the Fund's A and F classes. When the Distributor receives Rule 12b-1 Fees, it may pay some or all of them to financial intermediaries whose customers purchase Shares. The Fund's A class has no present intention of paying, accruing or incurring any Rule 12b-1 fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. Because these Shares pay marketing fees on an ongoing basis, your investment cost may be higher over time than other shares with different sales charges and marketing fees.
service fees
The Fund may pay Service Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to financial intermediaries or to Federated Shareholder Services Company (FSSC), a subsidiary of Federated, for providing services to shareholders and maintaining shareholder accounts. Intermediaries that receive Service Fees may include a company affiliated with management of Federated. If a financial intermediary receives Service Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees on that same account.
ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION FEES
The Fund may pay Account Administration Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to banks that are not registered as broker-dealers or investment advisers for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Account Administration Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Service Fees or Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
RECORDKEEPING FEES
The Fund may pay Recordkeeping Fees on an average-net-assets basis or on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing recordkeeping services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Recordkeeping Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees or Networking Fees on that same account.
networking fees
The Fund may reimburse Networking Fees on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders on certain non-omnibus accounts. If a financial intermediary receives Networking Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
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ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund's Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments, as described above, made by the Fund to the financial intermediary. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds, within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Fund and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
How to Purchase Shares
You may purchase Shares of the Fund any day the NYSE is open. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. New investors must submit a completed New Account Form. All accounts, including those for which there is no minimum initial investment amount required, are subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus.
Where the Fund offers more than one Share class and you do not specify the class choice on your New Account Form or form of payment (e.g., Federal Reserve wire or check), you automatically will receive the A class.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
You may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund.
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Establish an account with the financial intermediary; and submit your purchase order to the financial intermediary before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). You will receive the next calculated NAV if the financial intermediary forwards the order on the same day, and forwards your payment by the prescribed trade settlement date (typically within one to three business days) to the Fund's transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“Transfer Agent”). You will become the owner of Shares and receive dividends when your payment is received in accordance with these time frames (provided that, if payment is received in the form of a check, the check clears). If your payment is not received in accordance with these time frames, or a check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses, fees or expenses incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
Financial intermediaries should send payments according to the instructions in the sections “By Wire” or “By Check.”
Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
■  Establish your account with the Fund by submitting a completed New Account Form; and
■  Send your payment to the Fund by Federal Reserve wire or check.
You will become the owner of Shares and your Shares will be priced at the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your wire or your check. If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
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By Wire
To facilitate processing your order, please call the Fund before sending the wire. Send your wire to:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA
Dollar Amount of Wire
ABA Number 011000028
BNF: 23026552
Attention: Federated EDGEWIRE
Wire Order Number, Dealer Number or Group Number
Nominee/Institution Name
Fund Name and Number and Account Number
You cannot purchase Shares by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
By Check
Make your check payable to The Federated Funds, note your account number on the check, and send it to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
If you send your check by a private courier or overnight delivery service that requires a street address, send it to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
Payment should be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request. For example, to protect against check fraud the Fund may reject any purchase request involving a check that is not made payable to The Federated Funds (including, but not limited to, requests to purchase Shares using third-party checks) or involving temporary checks or credit card checks.
By Direct Deposit
You may establish Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit arrangements for investments into the Fund by either calling a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400; or by completing the Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit Form, which is available on FederatedInvestors.com under Customer Service/Find a Form. You will receive a confirmation when this service is available.
THROUGH AN EXCHANGE
You may purchase Fund Shares through an exchange from another Federated fund. To do this you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  You may purchase Shares through an exchange from the same share class of another Federated fund.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to purchase shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM (SIP)
Once you have opened an account, you may automatically purchase additional Shares on a regular basis by completing the SIP section of the New Account Form or by contacting the Fund or your financial intermediary. The minimum investment amount for SIPs is $50.
23

BY AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH)
Once you have opened an account, you may purchase additional Shares through a depository institution that is an ACH member. This purchase option can be established by completing the appropriate sections of the New Account Form.
How to Redeem and Exchange Shares
You should redeem or exchange Shares:
■  through a financial intermediary if you purchased Shares through a financial intermediary; or
■  directly from the Fund if you purchased Shares directly from the Fund.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed for cash, or exchanged for shares of other Federated funds as described herein, on days on which the Fund computes its NAV. Redemption requests may be made by telephone or in writing.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Submit your redemption or exchange request to your financial intermediary by the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The redemption amount you will receive is based upon the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives the order from your financial intermediary.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
By Telephone
You may redeem or exchange Shares by simply calling the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
If you call before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), you will receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV.
By Mail
You may redeem or exchange Shares by sending a written request to the Fund.
You will receive a redemption amount based on the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your written request in proper form.
Send requests by mail to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Send requests by private courier or overnight delivery service to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
All requests must include:
■  Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration;
■  amount to be redeemed or exchanged;
■  signatures of all shareholders exactly as registered; and
■  if exchanging, the Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration into which you are exchanging.
Call your financial intermediary or the Fund if you need special instructions.
Signature Guarantees
Signatures must be guaranteed by a financial institution which is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program if:
■  your redemption will be sent to an address other than the address of record;
■  your redemption will be sent to an address of record that was changed within the last 30 days;
■  a redemption is payable to someone other than the shareholder(s) of record; or
■  transferring into another fund with a different shareholder registration.
A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect your account from fraud. Obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, savings association, credit union or broker, dealer or securities exchange member. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
24

By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to redeem or exchange shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
PAYMENT METHODS FOR REDEMPTIONS
Your redemption proceeds will be mailed by check to your address of record. The following payment options are available if you complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form. These payment options require a signature guarantee if they were not established when the account was opened:
■  An electronic transfer to your account at a financial institution that is an ACH member; or
■  Wire payment to your account at a domestic commercial bank that is a Federal Reserve System member.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
LIMITATIONS ON REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
Redemption proceeds normally are wired or mailed within one business day after receiving a request in proper form. Payment may be delayed for up to seven days:
■  to allow your purchase to clear (as discussed below);
■  during periods of market volatility;
■  when a shareholder's trade activity or amount adversely impacts the Fund's ability to manage its assets; or
■  during any period when the Federal Reserve wire or applicable Federal Reserve banks are closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings.
If you request a redemption of Shares recently purchased by check (including a cashier's check or certified check), money order, bank draft or ACH, your redemption proceeds may not be made available for up to seven calendar days to allow the Fund to collect payment on the instrument used to purchase such Shares. If the purchase instrument does not clear, your purchase order will be canceled and you will be responsible for any losses incurred by the Fund as a result of your canceled order.
In addition, the right of redemption may be suspended, or the payment of proceeds may be delayed (including beyond seven days), during any period:
■  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
■  when trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC;
■  in which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or
■  as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Fund shareholders.
  You will not accrue interest or dividends on uncashed redemption checks from the Fund if those checks are undeliverable and returned to the Fund.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange Shares of the Fund. To do this, you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  In addition, the Fund may terminate your exchange privilege if your exchange activity is found to be excessive under the Fund's frequent trading policies. See “Account and Share InformationFrequent Trading Policies.”
You may exchange Shares into shares of the same class of another Federated fund.
25

Systematic Withdrawal/Exchange Program
You may automatically redeem or exchange Shares. The minimum amount for all new or revised systematic redemptions or exchanges of Shares is $50 per transaction per fund. Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Payments should not be considered yield or income.
Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming Shares using this program.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Telephone Transactions
The Fund will record your telephone instructions. If the Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.
Share Certificates
The Fund does not issue share certificates.
Security and Privacy Protection
ONLINE ACCOUNT and TELEPHONE ACCESS SECURITY
Federated Investors, Inc. will not be responsible for losses that result from unauthorized transactions, unless Federated does not follow procedures designed to verify your identity. When initiating a transaction by telephone or online, shareholders should be aware that any person with access to your account and other personal information including PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) may be able to submit instructions by telephone or online. Shareholders are responsible for protecting their identity by using strong usernames and complex passwords which utilize combinations of mixed case letters, numbers and symbols, and change passwords and PINs frequently.
Using Federated's Account Access website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services. The Transfer Agent has adopted security procedures to confirm that internet instructions are genuine. The Transfer Agent will also send you written confirmation of share transactions. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for losses or expenses that occur from fraudulent Internet instructions reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent or the Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone transaction requests are genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you written confirmation, or requiring other confirmation security procedures. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for relying on instructions submitted by telephone that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each new customer who opens a Fund account and to determine whether such person's name appears on governmental lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. Pursuant to the requirements under the Patriot Act, the information obtained will be used for compliance with the Patriot Act or other applicable laws, regulations and rules in connection with money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Information required includes your name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), and other information that identifies you, including your social security number, tax identification number or other identifying number. The Fund cannot waive these requirements. The Fund is required by law to reject your Account Application if the required information is not provided. If, after reasonable effort, the Fund is unable to verify your identity or that of any other person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or believes it has identified potentially suspicious, fraudulent or criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account and redeem your shares at the next calculated NAV without your permission. Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) will be assessed upon redemption of your shares.
The Fund has a strict policy designed to protect the privacy of your personal information. A copy of Federated Investors' privacy policy notice was given to you at the time you opened your account. The Fund sends a copy of the privacy notice to you annually. You may also obtain the privacy notice by calling the Fund, or through Federated Investors' website.
26

Account and Share Information
CONFIRMATIONS AND ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
You will receive confirmation of purchases, redemptions and exchanges (except for systematic transactions). In addition, you will receive periodic statements reporting all account activity, including systematic transactions, dividends and capital gains paid.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS
The Fund declares and pays any dividends monthly to shareholders. Dividends are paid to all shareholders invested in the Fund on the record date. The record date is the date on which a shareholder must officially own Shares in order to earn a dividend.
In addition, the Fund pays any capital gains at least annually, and may make such special distributions of dividends and capital gains as may be necessary to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Your dividends and capital gains distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares without a sales charge, unless you elect cash payments. Dividends may also be reinvested without sales charges in shares of any class of any other Federated fund of which you are already a shareholder.
If you purchase Shares just before the record date for a capital gain distribution, you will pay the full price for the Shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution, whether or not you reinvest the distribution in Shares. Therefore, you should consider the tax implications of purchasing Shares shortly before the record date for a capital gain. Contact your financial intermediary or the Fund for information concerning when dividends and capital gains will be paid.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide a notice to shareholders regarding the source of distributions made by the Fund if such distributions are from sources other than ordinary investment income. In addition, important information regarding the Fund's distributions, if applicable, is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.Federatedinvestors.com/FundInformation.
Small Distributions and Uncashed Checks
Generally, dividend and/or capital gain distributions payable by check in an amount of less than $25 will be automatically reinvested in additional shares. This policy does not apply if you have elected to receive cash distributions that are directly deposited into your bank account via wire or ACH.
Additionally, if one or more dividend or capital gain distribution checks are returned as “undeliverable,” or remain uncashed for 180 days, all subsequent dividend and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. For questions on whether reinvestment applies to your distributions, please contact a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES
Federated reserves the right to close accounts if redemptions or exchanges cause the account balance to fall below $1,500. Before an account is closed, you will be notified and allowed at least 30 days to purchase additional Shares to meet the minimum.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund sends an IRS Form 1099 and an annual statement of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes, although the Fund's dividends will be exempt from the Ohio taxes discussed above to the extent they are derived from interest on obligations exempt from such taxes. In addition, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your Shares. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Capital gains and non-exempt dividends are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund. Redemptions and exchanges are taxable sales. Please consult your tax adviser regarding your federal, state and local tax liability.
27

FREQUENT TRADING POLICIES
Frequent or short-term trading into and out of the Fund can have adverse consequences for the Fund and shareholders who use the Fund as a long-term investment vehicle. Such trading in significant amounts can disrupt the Fund's investment strategies (e.g., by requiring it to sell investments at inopportune times or maintain excessive short-term or cash positions to support redemptions), increase brokerage and administrative costs and affect the timing and amount of taxable gains distributed by the Fund. Investors engaged in such trading may also seek to profit by anticipating changes in the Fund's NAV in advance of the time as of which NAV is calculated.
The Fund's Board has approved policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive frequent or short-term trading of the Fund's Shares. The Fund monitors trading in Fund Shares in an effort to identify disruptive trading activity. The Fund monitors trades into and out of the Fund within a period of 30 days or less. The Fund may also monitor trades into and out of the Fund for potentially disruptive trading activity over periods longer than 30 days. The size of Share transactions subject to monitoring varies. Where it is determined that a shareholder has exceeded the detection amounts twice within a period of 12 months, the Fund will temporarily prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. If the shareholder continues to exceed the detection amounts for specified periods the Fund will impose lengthier trading restrictions on the shareholder, up to and including permanently prohibiting the shareholder from making any further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. Whether or not the specific monitoring limits are exceeded, the Fund's management or the Adviser may determine from the amount, frequency or pattern of purchases and redemptions or exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is or could be detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders and may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. No matter how the Fund defines its limits on frequent trading of Fund Shares, other purchases and sales of Fund Shares may have adverse effects on the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund's frequent trading restrictions do not apply to purchases and sales of Fund Shares by other Federated funds. These funds impose the same frequent trading restrictions as the Fund at their shareholder level. In addition, allocation changes of the investing Federated fund are monitored, and the managers of the recipient fund must determine that there is no disruption to their management activity. The intent of this exception is to allow investing fund managers to accommodate cash flows and other activity that result from non-abusive trading in the investing fund, without being stopped from such trading because the aggregate of such trades exceeds the monitoring limits. Nonetheless, as with any trading in Fund Shares, purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares by other Federated funds could adversely affect the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund will not restrict transactions made on a non-discretionary basis by certain asset allocation programs, wrap programs, fund of funds, collective funds or other similar accounts that have been pre-approved by Federated (“Approved Accounts”). The Fund will continue to monitor transactions by the Approved Accounts and will seek to limit or restrict even non-discretionary transactions by Approved Accounts that are determined to be disruptive or harmful to the Fund.
The Fund's objective is that its restrictions on short-term trading should apply to all shareholders that are subject to the restrictions, regardless of the number or type of accounts in which Shares are held. However, the Fund anticipates that limitations on its ability to identify trading activity to specific shareholders, including where Shares are held through intermediaries in multiple or omnibus accounts, will mean that these restrictions may not be able to be applied uniformly in all cases.
Other funds in the Federated family of funds may impose different monitoring policies or in some cases, may not monitor for frequent or short-term trading. Under normal market conditions such monitoring policies are designed to protect the funds being monitored and their shareholders and the operation of such policies and shareholder investments under such monitoring are not expected to have materially adverse impact on the Federated funds or their shareholders. If you plan to exchange your fund shares for shares of another Federated fund, please read the prospectus of that other Federated fund for more information.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
28

You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, from time to time (for example, during periods of unusual market conditions), additional information regarding the Fund's portfolio holdings and/or composition may be posted to Federated's website. If and when such information is posted, its availability will be noted on, and the information will be accessible from, the home page of the website.
Who Manages the Fund?
The Board governs the Fund. The Board selects and oversees the Adviser, Federated Investment Management Company. The Adviser manages the Fund's assets, including buying and selling portfolio securities. Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
The Adviser and other subsidiaries of Federated advise approximately 122 equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds as well as a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds) which totaled approximately $361.1 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015. Federated was established in 1955 and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with approximately 1,445 employees. Federated provides investment products to approximately 8,400 investment professionals and institutions.
The Adviser advises approximately 89 fixed-income and money market mutual funds (including sub-advised funds) and private investment companies, which totaled approximately $237.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
J. Scott Albrecht
J. Scott Albrecht has been the Fund's Portfolio Manager since March 1995. He is Vice President of the Trust with respect to the Fund. Mr. Albrecht joined Federated in 1989. He became a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in January 2005 and served as a Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1994 through 2004. He has been a Senior Portfolio Manager since 1997 and was a Portfolio Manager from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Albrecht has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and an M.S. in Public Management from Carnegie Mellon University.
The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager's compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
ADVISORY FEES
The Fund's investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.40% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Risk/Return Summary: Fees and Expenses” table found in the “Fund Summary” section of the Prospectus.
A discussion of the Board's review of the Fund's investment advisory contract is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for the periods ended August 31 and February 28, respectively.
Financial Information
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund's financial performance for its past five fiscal years. Some of the information is presented on a per Share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
29

Financial HighlightsClass A Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $11.16 $11.28 $10.70 $11.47 $10.93
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.38
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on
investments and futures contracts
0.39 (0.14) 0.59 (0.79) 0.56
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.73 (0.22) 0.95 (0.41) 0.94
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.33) (0.34) (0.37) (0.36) (0.40)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.56 $11.16 $11.28 $10.70 $11.47
Total Return1 6.65% 2.00% 9.00% (3.73)% 8.72%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
Net investment income 2.96% 3.16% 3.32% 3.28% 3.40%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.15% 0.14% 0.16% 0.14% 0.18%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $66,884 $67,469 $69,461 $45,131 $53,165
Portfolio turnover 13% 25% 8% 15% 17%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
30

Financial HighlightsClass F Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $11.16 $11.28 $10.70 $11.47 $10.93
Income from Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.36
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments and futures contracts 0.40 (0.13) 0.58 (0.79) 0.56
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.72 0.21 0.93 (0.43) 0.92
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.31) (0.33) (0.35) (0.34) (0.38)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.57 $11.16 $11.28 $10.70 $11.47
Total Return1 6.58% 1.84% 8.84% (3.87)% 8.56%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% 0.90% 0.90%
Net investment income 2.81% 3.01% 3.19% 3.13% 3.25%
Expense waiver/reimbursement2 0.40% 0.39% 0.41% 0.39% 0.43%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $111,156 $107,450 $109,583 $118,639 $128,005
Portfolio turnover 13% 25% 8% 15% 17%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
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Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following charts provide additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's assumed returns over a 10-year period. Each chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $10,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no redemption of Shares. Each chart also assumes that the Fund's annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratios used in each chart are the same as stated in the “Fees and Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus may not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). The maximum amount of any sales charge that might be imposed on the purchase of Shares (and deducted from the hypothetical initial investment of $10,000; the “Front-End Sales Charge”) is reflected in the “Hypothetical Expenses” column. The hypothetical investment information does not reflect the effect of charges (if any) normally applicable to redemptions of Shares (e.g., deferred sales charges, redemption fees). Mutual fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED OHIO MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - A CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.90%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 4.50%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $477.50 $10,027.50 $537.71 $9,941.55
2 $9,941.55 $497.08 $10,438.63 $91.31 $10,349.15
3 $10,349.15 $517.46 $10,866.61 $95.05 $10,773.47
4 $10,773.47 $538.67 $11,312.14 $98.95 $11,215.18
5 $11,215.18 $560.76 $11,775.94 $103.01 $11,675.00
6 $11,675.00 $583.75 $12,258.75 $107.23 $12,153.68
7 $12,153.68 $607.68 $12,761.36 $111.63 $12,651.98
8 $12,651.98 $632.60 $13,284.58 $116.20 $13,170.71
9 $13,170.71 $658.54 $13,829.25 $120.97 $13,710.71
10 $13,710.71 $685.54 $14,396.25 $125.93 $14,272.85
Cumulative   $5,759.58   $1,507.99  
    
FEDERATED OHIO MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - F CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.30%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 1.00%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $495.00 $10,395.00 $231.08 $10,266.30
2 $10,266.30 $513.32 $10,779.62 $135.93 $10,646.15
3 $10,646.15 $532.31 $11,178.46 $140.96 $11,040.06
4 $11,040.06 $552.00 $11,592.06 $146.18 $11,448.54
5 $11,448.54 $572.43 $12,020.97 $151.58 $11,872.14
6 $11,872.14 $593.61 $12,465.75 $157.19 $12,311.41
7 $12,311.41 $615.57 $12,926.98 $163.01 $12,766.93
8 $12,766.93 $638.35 $13,405.28 $169.04 $13,239.31
9 $13,239.31 $661.97 $13,901.28 $175.30 $13,729.16
10 $13,729.16 $686.46 $14,415.62 $181.78 $14,237.14
Cumulative   $5,861.02   $1,652.05  
32

An SAI dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about the Fund and its investments is contained in the Fund's SAI and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders as they become available. The Annual Report's Management's Discussion of Fund Performance discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI contains a description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities. To obtain the SAI, Annual Report, Semi-Annual Report and other information without charge, and to make inquiries, call your financial intermediary or the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
These documents, as well as additional information about the Fund (including portfolio holdings, performance and distributions), are also available on Federated's website at FederatedInvestors.com.
You can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI) by writing to or visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. You may also access Fund information from the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You can purchase copies of this information by contacting the SEC by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the Public Reference Room's operations and copying fees.
Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Investment Company Act File No. 811-6165
CUSIP 313923823
CUSIP 313923609
0090702A-F (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Prospectus
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A PAMFX
B FPABX
The information contained herein relates to all classes of the Fund's Shares, as listed above, unless otherwise noted.
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

A mutual fund seeking to provide current income by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally, distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania municipalities.
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Not FDIC Insured • May Lose Value • No Bank Guarantee


Fund Summary Information
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund (the “Fund”)
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Fund's investment objective is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania municipalities.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Class A Shares (A) and Class B Shares (B) of the Fund. You may qualify for certain sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in certain classes (e.g., A class) of Federated funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional and in the “What Do Shares Cost?” section of the Prospectus on page 16.
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
A B
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases (as a percentage of offering price)

4.50% None
Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (Load) (as a percentage of original purchase price or redemption proceeds, as applicable)

0.00% 5.50%
Maximum Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends (and other Distributions)

(as a percentage of offering price)

None None
Redemption Fee (as a percentage of amount redeemed, if applicable)

None None
Exchange Fee

None None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
   
Management Fee

0.40% 0.40%
Distribution (12b-1) Fee

0.00%1 0.75%
Other Expenses

0.48% 0.48%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

0.88% 1.63%
Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements2

(0.13)% (0.11)%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waivers and/or Expense Reimbursements

0.75% 1.52%
1 The Fund has adopted a Distribution (12b-1) Plan for its Class A shares pursuant to which the A class of the Fund may incur or charge a Distribution (12b-1) fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%. No such fee is currently incurred or charged by the A class of the Fund. The A class of the Fund will not incur or charge such a Distribution (12b-1) fee until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees (the “Trustees”).
2 The Adviser and certain of its affiliates on their own initiative have agreed to waive certain amounts of their respective fees and/or reimburse expenses. Total annual fund operating expenses (excluding acquired fund fees and expenses, interest expense, extraordinary expenses, line of credit expenses, and proxy-related expenses, paid by the Fund, if any) paid by the Fund's A class and B class (after the voluntary waivers and/or reimbursements) will not exceed 0.75% and 1.52% (the “Fee Limit”), respectively, up to but not including the later of (the “Termination Date”): (a) November 1, 2017; or (b) the date of the Fund's next effective Prospectus. While the Adviser and its affiliates currently do not anticipate terminating or increasing these arrangements prior to the Termination Date, these arrangements may only be terminated or the Fee Limit increased prior to the Termination Date with the agreement of the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.
The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your Shares at the end of those periods. Expenses assuming no redemption are also shown. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that operating expenses are as shown in the table above and remain the same. Although your actual costs and returns may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
Share Class 1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
A:        
Expenses assuming redemption $536 $718 $916 $1,486
Expenses assuming no redemption $536 $718 $916 $1,486
B:        
Expenses assuming redemption $716 $914 $1,087 $1,732
Expenses assuming no redemption $166 $514 $887 $1,732
1

Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund Shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 14% of the average value of its portfolio.
RISK/RETURN SUMMARY: INVESTMENTS, RISKS and PERFORMANCE
What are the Fund's Main Investment Strategies?
The Fund pursues its objective by investing in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets. Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated AAA, AA, A or BBB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated B or BB by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities. The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating.
The securities in which the Fund may principally invest include tax-exempt securities, which may include, for example, general obligation bonds, special revenue bonds, private activity bonds, tax-increment financing bonds, municipal leases, zero-coupon securities, inverse floaters, municipal mortgage-backed securities and planned amortization classes. Certain of the tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement.
The Fund also may principally invest in derivative contracts (such as, for example, futures contracts, option contracts and swap contracts) and hybrid instruments to implement its investment strategies. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s), to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector, to increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio or hedge against potential losses.
The Fund also may invest in certain securities or other investments (such as market discount bonds, credit default swaps and other derivative transactions) that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes).
Because the Fund refers to Pennsylvania municipal investments in its name, it has an investment policy that it will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
What are the Main Risks of Investing in the Fund?
All mutual funds take investment risks. Therefore, it is possible to lose money by investing in the Fund. The primary factors that may reduce the Fund's returns include:
■  Tax-Exempt Securities Risk. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability.
2

■  Interest Rate Risk. Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) generally fall when interest rates rise. The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates.
■  Issuer Credit Risk. It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
■  Counterparty Credit Risk. A party to a transaction involving the Fund may fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategies.
■  Liquidity Risk. Certain securities in which the Fund invests may be less readily marketable and may be subject to greater fluctuation in price than other securities. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities. Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. Over-the-counter derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts.
■  Tax Risk. In order to be tax-exempt, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable. The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
■  Leverage Risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
■  Call Risk. The Fund's performance may be adversely affected by the possibility that an issuer of a security held by the Fund may redeem the security prior to maturity at a price below or above its current market value.
■  Sector Risk. Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term Pennsylvania tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade Pennsylvania tax-exempt securities, the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states. Pennsylvania's economy has diversified away from the concentration in heavy industry and manufacturing, which existed prior to the downsizing of the steel industry, and improved its mixture of technology-based businesses, health care services and education services. Despite the improvements in its employment base, Pennsylvania is still subject to the cyclical impact which an economic downturn has on the manufacturing sector. A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio also may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics. As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities.
■  Prepayment Risk. When homeowners prepay their mortgages in response to lower interest rates, the Fund will be required to reinvest the proceeds at the lower interest rates available. Also, when interest rates fall, the price of municipal mortgage-backed securities may not rise to as great an extent as that of other fixed-income securities.
■  Credit Enhancement Risk. The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund.
■  Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. This increases the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that any one issuer has on the Fund's Share price and performance.
■  Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that are below investment-grade quality (which are also known as junk bonds), which may be subject to greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities.
3

■  Risk Related to the Economy. The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market. Economic, political and financial conditions may, from time to time, cause the Fund to experience volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions or other potentially adverse effects. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
■  Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Specific risk issues related to the use of such contracts and instruments include valuation and tax issues, increased potential for losses and/or costs to the Fund, and a potential reduction in gains to the Fund. Each of these issues is described in greater detail in this Prospectus. Derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI), such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
■  Technology Risk. The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
The Shares offered by this Prospectus are not deposits or obligations of any bank, are not endorsed or guaranteed by any bank and are not insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Performance: Bar Chart and Table
Risk/Return Bar Chart
The bar chart and performance table below reflect historical performance data for the Fund and are intended to help you analyze the Fund's investment risks in light of its historical returns. The bar chart shows the variability of the Fund's A class total returns on a calendar year-by-year basis. The Average Annual Total Return Table shows returns averaged over the stated periods and includes comparative performance information. The Fund's performance will fluctuate, and past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of future results. Updated performance information for the Fund is available under the “Products” section at FederatedInvestors.com or by calling 1-800-341-7400.
  
The total returns shown in the bar chart do not reflect the payment of any sales charges or recurring shareholder account fees. If these charges or fees had been included, the returns shown would have been lower.
The Fund's A class total return for the nine-month period from January 1, 2016 to September 30, 2016, was 4.30%.
Within the periods shown in the bar chart, the Fund's A class highest quarterly return was 7.17% (quarter ended September 30, 2009). Its lowest quarterly return was (4.85)% (quarter ended December 31, 2008).
Average Annual Total Return Table
In addition to Return Before Taxes, Return After Taxes is shown for the Fund's A class to illustrate the effect of federal taxes on Fund returns. After-tax returns are shown only for the A class and after-tax returns for the B class will differ from those shown below for the A class. Actual after-tax returns depend on each investor's personal tax situation, and are likely to differ from those shown. After-tax returns are calculated using a standard set of assumptions. The stated returns assume the highest historical federal income and capital gains tax rates. These after-tax returns do not reflect the effect of any applicable state and local taxes. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors holding Shares through tax-deferred programs, such as a 401(k) plan, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) or other tax-advantaged investment plan.
4

(For the Period Ended December 31, 2015)
  1 Year 5 Years 10 Years
A:      
Return Before Taxes (1.93)% 3.97% 2.89%
Return After Taxes on Distributions (1.93)% 3.97% 2.89%
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares 0.21% 3.89% 3.07%
B:      
Return Before Taxes (3.56)% 3.79% 2.72%
S&P Municipal Bond Pennsylvania Index1
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
3.52% 5.65% 4.80%
S&P Municipal Bond PA, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index2
(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)
4.08% 6.30% 5.27%
Morningstar Muni Pennsylvania Funds Average3 3.07% 5.15% 3.94%
1 The S&P Municipal Bond Pennsylvania Index (PA Index) consists of bonds in the S&P Municipal Bond Index (Main Index) that have been issued by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or local governments or state or local government entities within Pennsylvania. The Main Index is a broad, comprehensive, market value-weighted index composed of approximately 55,000 bond issues that are exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT). Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the Main Index include, but are not limited to: the bond issuer must be a state (including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and U.S. territories) or a local government or a state or local entity where interest on the bond is exempt from U.S. federal income taxes or subject to the AMT; the bond must be held by a mutual fund for which Standard & Poor's Securities Evaluations, Inc. provides prices; it must be denominated in U.S. dollars and have a minimum par amount of $2 million; and the bond must have a minimum term to maturity and/or call date greater than or equal to one calendar month. The Main Index is rebalanced monthly.
2 The S&P Municipal Bond PA, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index represents the return of the portion of the PA Index composed solely of bonds that are rated at least BBB with remaining maturities of more than three years that are not subject to AMT.
3 Morningstar figures represent the average of the total returns reported by all the mutual funds designated by Morningstar as falling into the respective category indicated. Funds designated within the Morningstar Muni Pennsylvania Funds Average include those that invest at least 80% of assets in Pennsylvania municipal debt and can include long-, intermediate- and short-duration portfolios.
FUND MANAGEMENT
The Fund's Investment Adviser is Federated Investment Management Company.
J. Scott Albrecht, Senior Portfolio Manager, has been the Fund's portfolio manager since March 1995.
purchase and sale of fund shares
Class B Shares are closed to new investments by new investors and existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains). Please disregard any further references to purchases of Class B Shares.
You may purchase, redeem or exchange Shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open. Shares may be purchased through a financial intermediary firm that has entered into a Fund selling and/or servicing agreement with the Distributor or an affiliate (“Financial Intermediary”) or directly from the Fund, by wire or by check. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply. Redeem or exchange Shares through a financial intermediary or directly from the Fund by telephone at 1-800-341-7400 or by mail.
The minimum investment amount for the Fund's A and B classes is generally $1,500 for initial investments and $100 for subsequent investments. Certain types of accounts are eligible for lower minimum investments. The minimum investment for Systematic Investment Programs is $50.
TAX INFORMATION
It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be tax exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes (except for Pennsylvania taxes, to the extent derived from Pennsylvania tax-exempt investments and eligible for tax-exempt treatment under Pennsylvania law). Although the Fund does not seek to realize capital gains, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Any Fund distributions of capital gains are taxable at applicable capital gains rates. The Fund is generally not a suitable investment for retirement accounts.
The Fund pursues its objective by investing its assets so that, normally (except as discussed in this Prospectus), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax. Interest from the Fund's investments may be subject to the federal AMT for individuals and corporations.
5

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and/or its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund Shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary's website for more information.
What are the Fund's Investment Strategies?
While there is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective, it endeavors to do so by following the principal strategies and policies described in this Prospectus. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal strategies.
The Fund invests in a portfolio of tax-exempt securities so that, normally (except as discussed herein), distributions of annual interest income are exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax. Interest income from the Fund's investments may be subject to the AMT.
The Fund does not limit itself to securities of a particular maturity range. Currently, at least a majority of the Fund's assets will be invested in long-term securities (i.e., securities with stated maturities of 10 years or more).
The Fund also will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) without regard to the maturity of the securities and may purchase securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), which are also known as junk bonds, up to 49% of its assets.
Investment-grade securities are securities that receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings in the first, second, third or fourth highest rating category) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated “AAA,” “AA,” “A” or “BBB” by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be rated in the first, second, third or fourth highest ratings category, respectively. Securities rated below investment-grade (or noninvestment-grade securities) are securities that do not receive investment-grade ratings (i.e., generally ratings below one of the four highest rating categories) by an NRSRO or unrated securities of comparable quality. For example, securities rated “B” or “BB” by Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, would be noninvestment-grade securities.
The amount of the Fund's assets invested in long-term or investment-grade, tax-exempt securities will be determined at the time when tax-exempt securities are purchased. For example, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets, or from a downgrade in a security's rating/quality, will not require the Fund to sell any tax-exempt security held in the Fund's portfolio.
The investment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks and the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests generally are subject to these risks, as well as the risks of investing in derivative contracts and hybrid instruments, all as described in this Prospectus. The noninvestment-grade, tax-exempt securities in which the Fund invests, which are also known as junk bonds, also generally are subject to tax-exempt securities risk, interest rate, issuer credit, counterparty credit, liquidity, tax, leverage, call, sector, prepayment, credit enhancement, economic and non-diversification risks, as well as the risks of investing in noninvestment-grade securities, all as described in this Prospectus.
The Fund's investment adviser (“Adviser”) actively manages the Fund's portfolio, seeking to manage the interest rate risk and credit risk assumed by the Fund and to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return.
The Adviser manages the Fund's interest rate risk by adjusting the duration of its portfolio. “Duration” measures the sensitivity of a security's price to changes in interest rates. The greater a portfolio's duration, the greater the potential change in the portfolio's value in response to a change in market interest rates. The Adviser will increase or reduce the Fund's portfolio duration based on its interest rate outlook. When the Adviser expects interest rates to fall, it will maintain a longer portfolio duration. When the Adviser expects interest rates to increase, it will shorten the portfolio duration. The Adviser uses hedging transactions for purposes of duration management. The Adviser considers a variety of factors in formulating its interest rate outlook, including (among others) the following:
■  Current and expected U.S. economic growth;
■  Current and expected interest rates and inflation;
■  The Federal Reserve's monetary policy; and
■  Supply and demand factors related to the municipal market and the effect they may have on the returns offered for various bond maturities.
The Adviser manages credit risk by performing a fundamental credit analysis on tax-exempt securities before the Fund purchases such securities. The Adviser considers various factors, including (among others) the following:
■  The economic feasibility of revenue bond financings and general purpose financings;
6

■  The financial condition of the issuer or guarantor; and
■  Political developments that may affect credit quality.
The Adviser monitors the credit risks of all portfolio securities on an ongoing basis by reviewing, as the Adviser considers necessary or appropriate in accordance with its procedures, periodic financial data and ratings of NRSROs. The Fund's investments in noninvestment-grade securities will be more dependent on the Adviser's credit analysis than would be investment-grade securities, because noninvestment-grade securities, while generally offering higher yields, also involve greater risks. Consequently, in addition to the review process described above, the Adviser may, for example and when appropriate, visit the site that the issuer is developing with the proceeds of the offering and may engage in detailed discussions with the issuer regarding the offering.
The Adviser attempts to provide enhanced levels of after-tax total return. Total return consists of two components: (1) income received from the Fund's portfolio securities; and (2) changes in the market value of the Fund's portfolio securities and attendant increase or decrease in the net asset value (NAV) of Fund Shares. The Adviser seeks total return on an after-tax basis, so that it will try to maximize tax-exempt income distributions; make limited ordinary income distributions; and minimize or eliminate capital gains distributions.
In seeking to increase incremental after-tax total returns, the Fund may invest in tax-exempt securities that are trading at a price less than the original issue price (or market discount bonds), enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may result in taxable distributions to shareholders.
The Fund may use derivative contracts and/or hybrid instruments to implement elements of its investment strategy. For example, the Fund may use derivative contracts or hybrid instruments to increase or decrease the portfolio's exposure to the investment(s) underlying the derivative or hybrid instrument in an attempt to benefit from changes in the value of the underlying investment(s) or to gain exposure to the municipal bond sector. Additionally, by way of example, the Fund may use derivative contracts in an attempt to:
■  increase or decrease the effective duration of the Fund portfolio;
■  obtain premiums from the sale of derivative contracts;
■  realize gains from trading a derivative contract; or
■  hedge against potential losses.
  There can be no assurance that the Fund's use of derivative contracts or hybrid instruments will work as intended.
Because the Fund refers to Pennsylvania municipal investments in its name, it has an investment policy that it will normally invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax. This policy may not be changed without shareholder approval.
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by investing its assets in taxable securities or holding cash. It may do this in response to unusual circumstances, such as: adverse market, economic or other conditions (for example, to help avoid potential losses, or during periods when there is a shortage of appropriate tax-exempt securities); to maintain liquidity to meet shareholder redemptions; or to accommodate cash inflows. It is possible that such temporary investments could affect the Fund's investment returns. If the Fund invests in taxable securities, it may receive and distribute taxable income to investors and to that extent fail to meet its investment objectives.
What are the Fund's Principal Investments?
The following provides general information on the Fund's principal investments. The Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides information about the Fund's non-principal investments and may provide additional information about the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES
Tax-exempt securities are fixed-income securities that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer or on the basis of another authority believed by the Adviser to be reliable, pay interest that is not subject to federal regular income taxes. Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Typically, states, counties, cities and other political subdivisions and authorities issue tax-exempt securities. The market categorizes tax-exempt securities by their source of repayment. Certain of these tax-exempt securities may be subject to credit enhancement.
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The following describes the principal types of tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest:
General Obligation Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
General obligation bonds are supported by the issuer's power to exact property or other taxes. The issuer must impose and collect taxes sufficient to pay principal and interest on the bonds. However, the issuer's authority to impose additional taxes may be limited by its charter or state law.
Special Revenue Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Special revenue bonds are payable solely from specific revenues received by the issuer such as specific taxes, assessments, tolls or fees. Bondholders may not collect from the municipality's general taxes or revenues. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to build a toll road and pledge the tolls to repay the bonds. Therefore, a shortfall in the tolls normally would result in a default on the bonds, or in certain cases, may result in a reduction in payments received in respect of the bonds.
Private Activity Bonds (A Type of Special Revenue Bond)
Private activity bonds are special revenue bonds used to finance private projects. A certain percentage of the proceeds from a private activity bond is used for a private business use or a certain percentage of the debt service regarding a private activity bond is paid directly or indirectly from a private business use. A private business use is a trade or business carried on by any person or entity other than a governmental unit. Private activity bonds are secured primarily by revenues derived from loan repayments or lease payments due from the private entity, which may or may not be guaranteed by a parent company or otherwise secured. Private activity bonds generally are not secured by a pledge of the taxing power of the issuer of such bonds. For example, a municipality may issue bonds to finance a new factory to improve its local economy. The municipality would lend the proceeds from its bonds to the company using the factory, and the company would agree to make loan payments sufficient to cover interest and principal payments on the bonds. The bonds would be payable from the company's loan payments, and generally not from any other revenues of the municipality. Therefore, any default of the loan normally would result in a default on the bonds.
Types of private activity bonds include, for example: bonds issued to obtain funds to provide water, sewage and solid waste facilities, qualified residential rental projects, certain local electric, gas and other heating and cooling facilities, qualified hazardous waste facilities, high speed intercity rail facilities, certain airports, docks, wharves and mass transportation facilities and qualified mortgages; qualified student loan bonds; qualified redevelopment bonds; and bonds used for certain organizations exempt from federal income taxation (qualified 501(c)(3) bonds).
The interest on many types of private activity bonds is subject to the AMT. The Fund may invest in bonds subject to AMT.
Tax Increment Financing Bonds (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax increment financing (TIF) bonds are payable from increases in taxes or other revenues attributable to projects within the TIF district. For example, a municipality may issue TIF bonds to redevelop a commercial area. The TIF bonds would be payable solely from any increase in sales taxes collected from the merchants in the area. The bonds could fail to pay principal or interest if merchants' sales, and related tax collections, failed to increase as anticipated.
Municipal Leases (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipalities may enter into leases for equipment or facilities. In order to comply with state public financing laws, these leases are typically subject to annual appropriation. In other words, a municipality may end a lease, without penalty, by not providing for the lease payments in its annual budget. After the lease ends, the lessor can resell the equipment or facility but may lose money on the sale.
The Fund may invest in securities supported by pools of municipal leases. The most common type of lease-backed securities is certificates of participation (COPs). However, the Fund may also invest directly in individual leases.
Zero-Coupon Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Zero-coupon securities do not pay interest or principal until final maturity unlike debt securities that provide periodic payments of interest (referred to as a coupon payment). Investors buy zero-coupon securities at a price below the amount payable at maturity. The difference between the purchase price and the amount paid at maturity represents interest on the zero-coupon security. Investors must wait until maturity to receive interest and principal, which increases the interest rate and credit risks of a zero-coupon security. A zero-coupon, step-up security converts to a coupon security before final maturity.
There are many forms of zero-coupon securities. Some are issued at a discount and are referred to as zero-coupon or capital appreciation bonds. In addition, some securities give the issuer the option to deliver additional securities in place of cash interest payments, thereby increasing the amount payable at maturity. These are referred to as pay-in-kind or PIK securities.
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Inverse Floaters (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
An inverse floater has a floating or variable interest rate that moves in the opposite direction of market interest rates. Inverse floaters are used to enhance the income from a bond investment by employing leverage. When short-term market interest rates go up, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes down; when short-term market interest rates go down, the interest rate paid on the inverse floater goes up. Inverse floaters generally respond more rapidly to market interest rate changes than fixed-rate, tax-exempt securities. Inverse floaters are subject to interest rate risks and leverage risks.
Municipal Mortgage-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal mortgage-backed securities are special revenue bonds, the proceeds of which may be used to provide mortgage loans for single family homes or to finance multifamily housing. Municipal mortgage-backed securities represent interests in pools of mortgages. The mortgages that comprise a pool normally have similar interest rates, maturities and other terms. Mortgages may have fixed or adjustable rates. Municipal mortgage-backed securities generally have fixed interest rates.
Municipal mortgage-backed securities come in a variety of forms. The simplest forms of municipal mortgage-backed securities are unstructured bonds backed by the net interest and principal payments and prepayments from the underlying mortgages. As a result, the holders assume all interest rate and prepayment risks of the underlying mortgages. Other municipal mortgage-backed securities may have more complicated financial structures.
PACs (A Type of Municipal Mortgage-Backed Security)
PACs (planned amortization classes) are a sophisticated form of municipal mortgage-backed security issued with a companion class(es). PACs receive principal payments and prepayments at a specified rate. The companion classes receive principal payments and prepayments in excess of the specified rate. In addition, PACs will receive the companion classes' share of principal payments, if necessary, to cover a shortfall in the prepayment rate. This helps PACs to control prepayment risks by increasing the risks to their companion classes.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash-settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
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The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the Fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
Payment obligations arising in connection with derivative contracts are frequently required to be secured with margin (which is commonly called “collateral”). To the extent necessary to meet such requirements, the Fund may purchase U.S. Treasury and/or government agency securities.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Swaps do not always involve the delivery of the Reference Instruments by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments underlying the swap. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Common types of swaps in which the Fund may invest include interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and caps and floors.
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Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Credit Enhancement
The Fund may invest in securities that have credit enhancement. Credit enhancement consists of an arrangement in which a company agrees to pay amounts due on a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) if the issuer defaults. In some cases the company providing credit enhancement makes all payments directly to the security holders and receives reimbursement from the issuer. Normally, the credit enhancer has greater financial resources and liquidity than the issuer. For this reason, the Adviser may evaluate the credit risk of a fixed-income security based solely upon its credit enhancement.
Common types of credit enhancement include guarantees, letters of credit, bond insurance and surety bonds. Credit enhancement also includes arrangements where securities or other liquid assets secure payment of a fixed-income security. If a default occurs, these assets may be sold and the proceeds paid to the security's holders. Either form of credit enhancement reduces credit risks by providing another source of payment for a fixed-income security.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). The Fund may use hybrid instruments only in connection with permissible investment activities. Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional investments or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Delayed Delivery Transactions
Delayed delivery transactions, including when-issued transactions, are arrangements in which the Fund buys securities for a set price, with payment and delivery of the securities scheduled for a future time. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. The Fund records the transaction when it agrees to buy the securities and reflects their value in determining the price of its Shares. Settlement dates may be a month or more after entering into these transactions so that the market values of the securities bought may vary from the purchase prices. Therefore, delayed delivery transactions create interest rate risks for the Fund. Delayed delivery transactions also involve credit risks in the event of a counterparty default. These transactions create leverage risks.
Asset Segregation
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, the Fund will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may also cause the Fund to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
Investment Ratings for Investment-Grade Securities
The Adviser will determine whether a security is investment-grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more NRSROs. For example, Standard & Poor's, an NRSRO, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer's inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade.
As disclosed in this Prospectus, the Fund may invest up to 49% of its assets in securities rated below investment-grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality). The Fund does not have a specific minimum quality rating requirement.
If a security is downgraded below any minimum quality grade discussed above, the Adviser will reevaluate the security, but will not be required to sell it.
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What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund?
The following provides general information on the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments. Any additional risks associated with the Fund's non-principal investments are described in the Fund's SAI. The Fund's SAI also may provide additional information about the risks associated with the Fund's principal investments.
TAX-EXEMPT SECURITIES Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may include those issued by state or local governments, other political subdivisions or authorities, or directly or indirectly supported by taxes, assessments, tolls, fees or other revenue collected by or otherwise derived from or through such issuers. The amount of public information available about tax-exempt securities is generally less than for corporate equities or bonds. The secondary market for tax-exempt securities also tends to be less well-developed and less liquid than many other securities markets, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell its tax-exempt securities at attractive prices. Special factors, such as legislative changes, and state and local economic and business developments, may adversely affect the yield and/or value of the Fund's investments in tax-exempt securities. Other factors include the general conditions of the tax-exempt securities market, the size of the particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. Like other issuers, there is no guarantee that the issuers of such securities will have sufficient revenues to satisfy their obligations (such as, for example, the payment of interest or principal when due). Legal, economic, political or other developments may raise impairments (such as, for example, limitations under applicable law on the issuer's authority to raise taxes, prolonged budgetary processes, declining real estate values or declining tax revenues) to such issuer's budgetary flexibility, liquidity and ability to satisfy its obligations. Such impairments may cause a downgrade in the credit ratings of such an issuer, or the securities issued or supported by it, and may cause such an issuer to defer payment of certain obligations, reduce or eliminate appropriations and/or default on its obligations.
Tax-exempt issuers can and have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of such issuers may continue or get worse. Like other issuers and securities, the likelihood that the credit risk associated with such issuers and such securities will increase is greater during times of economic stress and financial instability. As a result, in such situations, there would be heightened risk that there could be an interruption in payments to holders of tax-exempt securities in some cases. There also could be a reduction in the market value of the tax-exempt securities held by the Fund, which could adversely affect the Fund's net asset value or the distributions paid by the Fund.
INTEREST RATE RISK
Prices of fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) rise and fall in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, when interest rates rise, prices of fixed-income securities fall. However, market factors, such as the demand for particular fixed-income securities, may cause the price of certain fixed-income securities to fall while the prices of other securities rise or remain unchanged.
The longer the duration of a fixed-income security, the more susceptible it is to interest rate risk. Recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or their governments are likely to affect the level of interest rates. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a fixed-income security given a change in interest rates.
Certain factors, such as the presence of call features, may cause a particular fixed-income security, or the Fund as a whole, to exhibit less sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Certain of the Fund's investments may also be valued, in part, by reference to the relative relationship between interest rates on tax-exempt securities and taxable securities, respectively. When the market for tax-exempt securities underperforms (or outperforms) the market for taxable securities, the value of these investments may be negatively affected (or positively affected).
ISSUER Credit Risk
It is possible that interest or principal on securities will not be paid when due. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have a higher default risk than investment-grade securities. Such non-payment or default may reduce the value of the Fund's portfolio holdings, its share price and its performance.
Many fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) receive credit ratings from NRSROs such as Fitch Rating Service, Moody's Investor Services, Inc. and Standard & Poor's that assign ratings to securities by assessing the likelihood of an issuer and/or guarantor default. Higher credit ratings correspond to lower perceived credit risk and lower credit ratings correspond to higher perceived credit risk. Credit ratings may be upgraded or downgraded from time to time as an NRSRO's assessment of the financial condition of a party obligated to make payments with respect to such securities and credit risk changes. The impact of any credit rating downgrade can be uncertain. Credit rating downgrades may lead to increased interest rates and volatility in financial markets, which in turn could negatively affect the value of the Fund's
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portfolio holdings, its share price and its investment performance. Credit ratings are not a guarantee of quality. Credit ratings may lag behind the current financial conditions of the issuer and/or guarantor and do not provide assurance against default or other loss of money. Credit ratings do not protect against a decline in the value of a security. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment.
Fixed-income securities generally compensate for greater credit risk by paying interest at a higher rate. The difference between the yield of a security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”) measures the additional interest paid for risk. Spreads may increase generally in response to adverse economic or market conditions. A security's spread may also increase if the security's rating is lowered, or the security is perceived to have an increased credit risk. An increase in the spread will cause the price of the security to decline.
COUNTERPARTY CREDIT RISK
Counterparty credit risk includes the possibility that a party to a transaction involving the Fund will fail to meet its obligations. This could cause the Fund to lose money or to lose the benefit of the transaction or prevent the Fund from selling or buying other securities to implement its investment strategy.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Trading opportunities are more limited for fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities) that have not received any credit ratings, have received any credit ratings below investment grade or are not widely held. Trading opportunities also are more limited for inverse floaters that have complex terms or that are not widely held. These features may make it more difficult to sell or buy a security at a favorable price or time. Consequently, the Fund may have to accept a lower price to sell a security, sell other securities to raise cash or give up an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on the Fund's performance. Infrequent trading of securities may also lead to an increase in their price volatility. Noninvestment-grade securities generally have less liquidity than investment-grade securities.
Liquidity risk also refers to the possibility that the Fund may not be able to sell a security or close out a derivative contract when it wants to. If this happens, the Fund will be required to continue to hold the security or keep the position open, and the Fund could incur losses.
OTC derivative contracts generally carry greater liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts. This risk may be increased in times of financial stress, if the trading market for OTC derivative contracts becomes restricted.
Tax Risk
In order to pay interest that is exempt from federal, state or local income tax, tax-exempt securities must meet certain legal requirements. Failure to meet such requirements may cause the interest received and distributed by the Fund to shareholders to be taxable.
Changes or proposed changes in federal, state or local tax laws may cause the prices of tax-exempt securities to fall and/or may affect the tax-exempt status of the securities in which the Fund invests.
The federal income tax treatment of payments in respect of certain derivative contracts is unclear. Additionally, the Fund may not be able to close out certain derivative contracts when it wants to. The Fund also may invest in market discount bonds, enter into credit default swap arrangements and other derivative transactions, and engage in other permissible activities that will likely cause the Fund to realize a limited amount of ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes). Consequently, for each of these reasons, the Fund may receive payments, and make distributions, that are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes. Income from the Fund also may be subject to AMT.
Leverage Risk
The tax-exempt securities, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to leverage risk. Leverage risk is created when an investment, which includes, for example, an investment in a derivative contract, exposes the Fund to a level of risk that exceeds the amount invested. Changes in the value of such an investment magnify the Fund's risk of loss and potential for gain. Investments can have these same results if their returns are based on a multiple of a specified index, security or other benchmark.
CALL RISK
The tax-exempt securities in which the Fund may invest can be principal investment strategies for the Fund and may be subject to call risk. Call risk is the possibility that an issuer may redeem a fixed-income security (including a tax-exempt security) before maturity (a “call”) at a price below or above its current market price. An increase in the likelihood of a call may reduce the security's price. If a fixed-income security is called, the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in other fixed-income securities with lower interest rates, higher credit risks or other less favorable characteristics.
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SECTOR RISK
A substantial part of the Fund's portfolio may be comprised of securities issued or credit enhanced by companies in similar businesses or with other similar characteristics or by issuers located in the same state (such as Pennsylvania). As a result, the Fund will be more susceptible to any economic, business, political or other developments which generally affect these issuers or entities. Developments affecting companies with similar characteristics might include changes in interest rates, changes in economic cycle affecting credit losses and regulatory changes.
Pennsylvania's credit strength is based on its good fiscal management, moderate debt position and diversifying economic base. Pennsylvania's economy has diversified away from the concentration in heavy industry and manufacturing which existed prior to the downsizing of the steel industry and improved its mixture of technology-based businesses, health care services and education services. Despite the improvements in its employment base, Pennsylvania is still subject to the cyclical impact which an economic downturn has on the manufacturing sector.
Since the Fund invests at least a majority of its assets in a portfolio of: (1) long-term Pennsylvania tax-exempt securities; and (2) investment-grade Pennsylvania tax-exempt securities: (a) the Fund may be subject to additional risks compared to funds that invest in multiple states; and (b) the Fund's performance also may be negatively affected by other local, state or regional factors. For example, natural disasters may affect the creditworthiness of municipal issuers or otherwise disrupt the local, state or regional economy or certain sectors of the economy.
PREPAYMENT RISK
Unlike traditional fixed-income securities (including tax-exempt securities), which pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity (when the entire principal amount is due), payments on municipal mortgage-backed securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. Partial payment of principal may be comprised of scheduled principal payments as well as unscheduled payments from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying loans. These unscheduled prepayments of principal create risks that can adversely affect a fund holding municipal mortgage-backed securities.
For example, when interest rates decline, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally rise. However, when interest rates decline, unscheduled prepayments can be expected to accelerate, and the Fund would be required to reinvest the proceeds of the prepayments at the lower interest rates then available. Unscheduled prepayments would also limit the potential for capital appreciation on municipal mortgage-backed securities.
Conversely, when interest rates rise, the values of municipal mortgage-backed securities generally fall. Since rising interest rates typically result in decreased prepayments, this could lengthen the average lives of municipal mortgage-backed securities, and cause their value to decline more than traditional fixed-income securities.
Generally, municipal mortgage-backed securities compensate for the increased risk associated with prepayments by paying a higher yield. The additional interest paid for risk is measured by the difference between the yield of a municipal mortgage-backed security and the yield of a U.S. Treasury security or other appropriate benchmark with a comparable maturity (the “spread”). An increase in the spread will cause the price of the municipal mortgage-backed security to decline. Spreads generally increase in response to adverse economic or market conditions. Spreads may also increase if the security is perceived to have an increased prepayment risk or is perceived to have less market demand.
Credit Enhancement Risk
The securities in which the Fund invests may be subject to credit enhancement (for example, guarantees, letters of credit or bond insurance). Credit enhancement is designed to help assure timely payment of the security; it does not protect the Fund against losses caused by declines in a security's value due to changes in market conditions. Securities subject to credit enhancement generally would be assigned a lower credit rating if the rating were based primarily on the credit quality of the issuer without regard to the credit enhancement. If the credit quality of the credit enhancement provider (for example, a bank or bond insurer) is downgraded, the rating on a security credit enhanced by such credit enhancement provider also may be downgraded.
A single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of the Fund's investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on the Fund that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect the Fund, as the Fund may invest in securities credit enhanced by banks or by bond insurers without limit. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, including the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar periods of economic stress.
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RISK OF NON-DIVERSIFIED FUND
The Fund is non-diversified. Compared to diversified mutual funds, it may invest a higher percentage of its assets among fewer issuers of portfolio securities. In certain situations, being non-diversified may reduce the Fund's credit risk by enabling it to avoid investing in certain countries, regions or sectors that exhibit above average credit risk. However, being non-diversified may also increase the Fund's risk by magnifying the impact (positively or negatively) that only one issuer has on the Fund's share price and performance.
Risk Associated with Noninvestment-Grade Securities
Securities that are rated below investment grade or unrated securities of comparable quality (i.e., noninvestment-grade securities), also known as junk bonds, generally entail greater economic, credit and liquidity risks than investment-grade securities. For example, their prices are more volatile, economic downturns and financial setbacks may affect their prices more negatively, and their trading market may be more limited. The Fund will invest at least a majority of its assets in securities rated investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality), and may purchase securities rated below investment grade (or unrated securities of comparable quality) up to 49% of its assets.
RISK RELATED TO THE ECONOMY
The value of the Fund's portfolio may decline in tandem with a drop in the overall value of the markets in which the fund invests and/or the stock market based on negative developments in the U.S. and global economies. Economic, political and financial conditions may from time to time, cause volatility, illiquidity or other potentially adverse effects in the financial markets, including the fixed-income market. The commencement, continuation or ending of government policies and economic stimulus programs, changes in monetary policy, increases or decreases in interest rates, or other factors or events that affect the financial markets, including the fixed-income markets, may contribute to the development of or increase in volatility, illiquidity, shareholder redemptions and other factors, which could negatively impact the Fund's performance. A general rise in interest rates, which could result from a change in government policies, has the potential to cause investors to move out of fixed-income securities on a large scale, which may increase redemptions from funds that hold large amounts of fixed-income securities, and may result in decreased liquidity and increased volatility in the fixed income markets. Among other investments, lower-grade bonds may be particularly sensitive to changes in the economy.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing
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margin, or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described in this Prospectus or in the Fund's SAI, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
technology Risk
The Adviser uses various technologies in managing the Fund, consistent with its investment objective(s) and strategy described in this Prospectus. For example, proprietary and third-party data and systems are utilized to support decision-making for the Fund. Data imprecision, software or other technology malfunctions, programming inaccuracies and similar circumstances may impair the performance of these systems, which may negatively affect Fund performance.
What Do Shares Cost?
CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
When the Fund receives your transaction request in proper form (as described in this Prospectus), it is processed at the next calculated net asset value of a Share (NAV) plus any applicable front-end sales charge (“public offering price”). A Share's NAV is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The Fund's current NAV and/or public offering price may be found at FederatedInvestors.com, via online news sources and in certain newspapers.
You can purchase, redeem or exchange Shares any day the NYSE is open.
When the Fund holds fixed-income securities that trade on days the NYSE is closed, the value of the Fund's assets may change on days you cannot purchase or redeem Shares.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees (“Board”).
■  Derivative contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement or closing price, except that options are valued at the mean of closing bid and asked quotations.
■  Over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund uses the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures generally described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Shares of other mutual funds are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
Fair Valuation
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV. In the event that market quotations and price evaluations are not available for an investment, the Valuation Committee determines the fair value of the investment in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures. The Fund's SAI discusses the methods used by pricing services and the Valuation Committee to assist the Board in valuing investments.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of such investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
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SALES CHARGE INFORMATION
The following table summarizes the minimum investment amount and the maximum sales charge, if any, that you will pay on an investment in the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
  Minimum
Initial/Subsequent
Investment
Amounts1
Maximum Sales Charges
Shares Offered Front-End
Sales Charge2
Contingent
Deferred
Sales Charge3
A $1,500/$100 4.50% 0.00%
B $1,500/$100 None 5.50%
1 Please see “By Systematic Investment Program” for applicable minimum investment. Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. To maximize your return and minimize the sales charges and marketing fees, purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000. Purchases equal to or in excess of these limits may be made in the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund. See “Purchase Restrictions on B Class” below. After the B class has been held for eight years from the date of purchase, they will automatically convert to the A class. This conversion is a non-taxable event.
2 Front-End Sales Charge is expressed as a percentage of public offering price. See “Sales Charge When You Purchase.”
3 See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
As shown in the table above, each class of Shares has a different sales charge structure. In addition, the ongoing annual operating expenses (“expense ratios”), as well as the compensation payable to financial intermediaries, also vary among the classes. Before you decide which class to purchase, you should review the different charges and expenses of each class carefully, in light of your personal circumstances, and consult with your financial intermediary.
Among the important factors to consider are the amount you plan to invest and the length of time you expect to hold your investment (for example, whether the investment is in connection with a long-term retirement program). You should also consider, for example, that it may be possible to reduce or eliminate the front-end sales charges imposed on purchases of the A class. Among other ways, the A class has a series of “breakpoints,” which means that the front-end sales charges decrease (and can be eliminated entirely) as the amount invested increases. (The breakpoint schedule is set out below, along with detailed information on ways to reduce, or eliminate, front-end sales charges.) On the other hand, the B class does not have front-end sales charges, but the deferred sales charges imposed on redemptions of the B class do not vary at all in relation to the amounts invested. Rather, these charges decrease with the passage of time (ultimately going to zero after shares have been held for six full years).
You should also consider that the expense ratio for the A class will be lower than that for the B class. Thus, the fact that no front-end charges are ever imposed on purchases of the B class does not always make them preferable to the A class.
SALES CHARGE WHEN YOU PURCHASE
The following table lists the sales charges which will be applied to your Share purchase, subject to the breakpoint discounts indicated in the table and described below.
A:
Purchase Amount Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of Public
Offering Price
Sales Charge
as a Percentage
of NAV
Less than $100,000 4.50% 4.71%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.75% 3.90%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.50% 2.56%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 2.00% 2.04%
$1 million or greater1 0.00% 0.00%
1 A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) of 0.75% of the redemption amount applies to Shares originally purchased in an amount of $1 million or more and redeemed up to 24 months after purchase under certain investment programs where a financial intermediary received an advance payment on the transaction. CDSC exceptions may apply. See “Sales Charge When You Redeem.”
REDUCING THE SALES CHARGE WITH BREAKPOINT DISCOUNTS
Your investment may qualify for a reduction or elimination of the sales charge, also known as a breakpoint discount. The breakpoint discounts offered by the Fund are indicated in the table above.
You or your financial intermediary must notify the Fund's Transfer Agent of eligibility for any applicable breakpoint discount at the time of purchase.
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In order to receive the applicable breakpoint discount, it may be necessary at the time of purchase for you to inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent of the existence of other accounts in which there are holdings eligible to be aggregated to meet a sales charge breakpoint (“Qualifying Accounts”). Qualifying Accounts mean those share accounts in the Federated funds held directly or through a financial intermediary or through a single-participant retirement account by you, your spouse, your parents (if you are under age 21) and/or your children under age 21, which can be linked using tax identification numbers (TINs), social security numbers (SSNs) or broker identification numbers (BINs). Accounts held through 401(k) plans and similar multi-participant retirement plans, or through “Section 529” college savings plans or those accounts which cannot be linked using TINs, SSNs or BINs, are not Qualifying Accounts.
In order to verify your eligibility for a breakpoint discount, you will be required to provide to your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent certain information on your New Account Form and may be required to provide account statements regarding Qualifying Accounts. If you purchase through a financial intermediary, you may be asked to provide additional information and records as required by the financial intermediary. Failure to provide proper notification or verification of eligibility for a breakpoint discount may result in your not receiving a breakpoint discount to which you are otherwise entitled. Breakpoint discounts apply only to your current purchase and do not apply retroactively to previous purchases. The sales charges applicable to the Shares offered in this Prospectus, and the breakpoint discounts offered with respect to such Shares, are described in full in this Prospectus. Because the Prospectus is available on Federated's website free of charge, Federated does not disclose this information separately on the website.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge at purchase of the A class only, may be reduced or eliminated by:
Larger Purchases
■  Purchasing the A class in greater quantities to reduce the applicable sales charge;
Concurrent and Accumulated Purchases
■  Combining concurrent purchases of and/or current investments in the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class of any Federated fund made or held by Qualifying Accounts; the purchase amount used in determining the sales charge on your additional Share purchase will be calculated by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in Qualifying Accounts and adding the dollar amount of your current purchase; or
Letter of Intent
■  Signing a letter of intent to purchase a qualifying amount of the A class within 13 months. (Call your financial intermediary or the Fund for more information.) The Fund's custodian will hold Shares in escrow equal to the maximum applicable sales charge. If you complete the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will release the Shares in escrow to your account. If you do not fulfill the Letter of Intent, the Custodian will redeem the appropriate amount from the Shares held in escrow to pay the sales charges that were not applied to your purchases.
PURCHASE restrictions ON b class
In order to maximize shareholder returns and minimize sales charges and marketing fees, an investor's purchases of the B class are generally limited to $100,000. In applying the limit, the dollar amount of the current purchase is added to the product obtained by multiplying the respective maximum public offering price times the number of the A class, B class, C class, F class and R class shares of any Federated fund currently held in linked Qualifying Accounts, as defined in the section entitled “Reducing the Sales Charge with Breakpoint Discounts.” If the sum of these two amounts would equal or exceed the limit, then the current purchase order will not be processed. Instead, the Distributor will attempt to contact the investor or the investor's financial intermediary to offer the opportunity to convert the order to the A class. If your Shares are held on the books of the Fund in the name of a financial intermediary, you may be subject to rules of your financial intermediary that differ from those of the Fund.
ELIMINATING The SALES CHARGE
Your investment may qualify for a sales charge waiver. Sales charge waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a sales charge waiver, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each purchase that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your investment is eligible for a sales charge waiver at the time of purchase, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, the sales charge will be eliminated when you purchase or acquire Shares:
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■  within 120 days of redeeming Shares of an equal or greater amount;
■  through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive a dealer reallowance on purchases under such program;
■  with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  issued in connection with the merger, consolidation or acquisition of the assets of another fund. Further, the sales charge will be eliminated on purchases of Shares made by a shareholder that originally became a shareholder of a Federated Fund pursuant to the terms of an agreement and plan of reorganization which permits shareholders to acquire Shares at NAV, provided that such purchased Shares are held directly with the Fund's transfer agent. If the Shares are held through a financial intermediary, the sales charge waiver will not apply (A class only);
■  as a Federated Life Member (Federated shareholders who originally were issued shares through the “Liberty Account,” which was an account for the Liberty Family of Funds on February 28, 1987, or who invested through an affinity group prior to August 1, 1987, into the Liberty Account) (A class only);
■  as a Trustee, employee or former employee of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, an employee of any financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, an immediate family member of these individuals or a trust, pension or profit-sharing plan for these individuals; or
■  pursuant to the exchange privilege.
  The sales charge will not be eliminated if you purchase Shares of the Fund through an exchange of shares of Federated Government Reserves Fund unless your Federated Government Reserves Fund shares were acquired through an exchange of shares on which the sales charge had previously been paid.
sales charge when you redeem
Your redemption proceeds may be reduced by a sales charge, commonly referred to as a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC). Shares otherwise subject to a CDSC will not be charged a CDSC at the time of an exchange; however, the CDSC will continue to be measured from the date of your original purchase. The CDSC schedule applicable to your original purchase will continue to apply to the shares you receive in an exchange.
To keep the sales charge as low as possible, the Fund redeems your Shares in this order:
■  Shares that are not subject to a CDSC; and
■  Shares held the longest. (To determine the number of years your Shares have been held, include the time you held shares of other Federated funds that have been exchanged for Shares of this Fund.)
The CDSC is then calculated using the Share price at the time of purchase or redemption, whichever is lower.
A:    
If you make a purchase of the A class in the amount of $1 million or more and your financial intermediary received an advance commission on the sale, you will pay a 0.75% CDSC on any such Shares redeemed within 24 months of the purchase.
B:    
Shares Held Up To:   CDSC
1 Year   5.50%
2 Years   4.75%
3 Years   4.00%
4 Years   3.00%
5 Years   2.00%
6 Years   1.00%
7 Years or More   0.00%
Your redemption may qualify for a waiver of the CDSC. The CDSC waivers offered by the Fund are listed below. In order to receive a waiver of the CDSC, you must inform your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent at the time of each redemption that your investment is eligible for a waiver. It is possible that your financial intermediary may not, in accordance with its policies, procedures and system limitations, be able to ensure your receipt of one or more of these waiver categories. In this situation, you would need to invest directly through the Fund's Transfer Agent in order to take advantage of the waiver. If you do not let your financial intermediary or the Transfer Agent know that your redemption is eligible for a CDSC waiver at the time of redemption, you may not receive the waiver to which you may otherwise be entitled.
Contingent upon notification to the Transfer Agent, you will not be charged a CDSC when redeeming Shares:
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■  following the death of the last surviving shareholder on the account or the post-purchase disability of all registered shareholders, as defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the beneficiary on an account with a Transfer on Death registration is deemed the last surviving shareholder on the account);
■  due to the termination of a trust following the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, provided that the trust document specifically states that the trust is terminated upon the death;
■  representing minimum required distributions from an IRA or other retirement plan as required under the Internal Revenue Code;
■  purchased by Trustees, employees of the Fund, the Adviser, the Distributor and their affiliates, by employees of a financial intermediary that sells Shares according to a sales agreement with the Distributor, by the immediate family members of the above persons and by trusts, pension or profit-sharing plans for the above persons;
■  purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the Distributor not to receive an advance commission on purchases under such program;
■  purchased with reinvested dividends or capital gains;
■  redeemed by the Fund when it closes an account for not meeting the minimum balance requirements; or
■  purchased pursuant to the exchange privilege, if the Shares were held for the applicable CDSC holding period (the holding period on the Shares purchased in the exchange will include the holding period of the Shares sold in the exchange);
A Class Only
■  purchased in the amount of $1 million or more and redeemed within 24 months of purchase if the Shares were originally purchased through a program offered by a Financial Intermediary that provides for the purchase of Shares without imposition of a sales charge (for example, a wrap account, self-directed brokerage account, retirement or other fee-based program offered by the Financial Intermediary) and where the Financial Intermediary has agreed with the principal underwriter not to receive an advanced commission on purchases under such program;
B Class Only
■  which are qualifying redemptions of the B class under a Systematic Withdrawal Program.
How is the Fund Sold?
The Fund offers the following Share classes: Class A Shares (A) and Class B Shares (B), each representing interests in a single portfolio of securities. All Share classes have different sales charges and/or other expenses which affect their performance. Please note that certain purchase restrictions may apply.
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor, Federated Securities Corp., offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis. The Distributor is a subsidiary of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The Fund may not be a suitable investment for retirement plans or for non-Pennsylvania taxpayers because it invests in Pennsylvania tax-exempt securities.
The Fund's Distributor markets the A class and B class to customers of financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, banks, fiduciaries and investment advisors, or to individuals, directly or through financial intermediaries.
Class B Share Closure
Effective June 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new accounts and new investors. Effective August 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to exchanges from Class B Shares of other Federated Funds and to new purchases made by existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains).
Beginning on the effective dates referenced above, any purchase (including purchases pursuant to the Systematic Investment Program) or any exchange request to the Fund's Class B Shares were and will be rejected. After the effective dates, to continue automatic investments, the Fund's Class B shareholders must designate a different share class of the Fund or another Federated Fund, provided the shareholder meets the eligibility requirements for that share class.
A shareholder owning the Fund's Class B Shares may continue to hold those shares until such shares automatically convert to Class A Shares under the Fund's existing conversion schedule as described in the Fund's prospectus, or until the shareholder redeems such Class B Shares, subject to any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC).
A shareholder owning the Fund's Class B Shares may exchange such shares for those Class B Shares of Federated Funds which remain open to new investments. However, no exchanges into the Fund's Class B Shares will be allowed.
Reinvestment of dividends and capital gains will continue uninterrupted.
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All other Class B Share features, including but not limited to distribution (12b-1) and service fees, CDSC, accumulation privileges and conversion features, will remain unchanged for Class B Shares held after the Effective Date.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Fund and its affiliated service providers may pay fees as described below to financial intermediaries (such as broker-dealers, banks, investment advisers or third-party administrators) whose customers are shareholders of the Fund.
FRONT-END SALES CHARGE REALLOWANCES
The Distributor receives a front-end sales charge on certain Share sales. The Distributor pays a portion of this charge to financial intermediaries that are eligible to receive it (the “Dealer Reallowance”) and retains any remaining portion of the front-end sales charge.
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive a Dealer Reallowance as follows:
A:  
Purchase Amount Dealer Reallowance
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
Less than $100,000 4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000 3.25%
$250,000 but less than $500,000 2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million 1.80%
$1 million or greater 0.00%
ADVANCE COMMISSIONS
When a financial intermediary's customer purchases Shares, the financial intermediary may receive an advance commission as follows:
A (for purchases over $1 million):  
Purchase Amount Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
First $1 million - $5 million 0.75%
Next $5 million - $20 million 0.50%
Over $20 million 0.25%
Advance commissions are calculated on a year-by-year basis based on amounts invested during that year. Accordingly, with respect to additional purchase amounts, the advance commission breakpoint resets annually to the first breakpoint on the anniversary of the first purchase.
The A class purchases under this program may be made by Letter of Intent or by combining concurrent purchases. The above advance commission will be paid only on those purchases that were not previously subject to a front-end sales charge or dealer advance commission. Certain retirement accounts may not be eligible for this program.
B:  
  Advance Commission
as a Percentage of
Public Offering Price
All Purchase Amounts Up to 5.00%
rule 12b-1 fees
The Board has adopted a Rule 12b-1 Plan, which allows payment of marketing fees of up to 0.05% for the A class and 0.75% for the B class of average net assets to the Distributor for the sale, distribution, administration and customer servicing of the Fund's A class and B class. When the Distributor receives Rule 12b-1 fees, it may pay some or all of them to financial intermediaries whose customers purchase Shares. The Fund's A class has no present intention of paying, accruing or incurring any Rule 12b-1 Fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees. In addition, in connection with
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the sale of the B class, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the B class. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements. Because these Shares pay marketing fees on an ongoing basis, your investment cost may be higher over time than other shares with different sales charges and marketing fees.
service fees
The Fund may pay Service Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to financial intermediaries or to Federated Shareholder Services Company (FSSC), a subsidiary of Federated, for providing services to shareholders and maintaining shareholder accounts. Intermediaries that receive Service Fees may include a company affiliated with management of Federated. If a financial intermediary receives Service Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees on that same account.
ACCOUNT ADMINISTRATION FEES
The Fund may pay Account Administration Fees of up to 0.25% of average net assets to banks that are not registered as broker-dealers or investment advisers for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Account Administration Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Service Fees or Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
RECORDKEEPING FEES
The Fund may pay Recordkeeping Fees on an average-net-assets basis or on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing recordkeeping services to the Fund and its shareholders. If a financial intermediary receives Recordkeeping Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Account Administration Fees or Networking Fees on that same account.
networking fees
The Fund may reimburse Networking Fees on a per-account-per-year basis to financial intermediaries for providing administrative services to the Fund and its shareholders on certain non-omnibus accounts. If a financial intermediary receives Networking Fees on an account, it is not eligible to also receive Recordkeeping Fees on that same account.
ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators, that support the sale of Shares or provide services to Fund shareholders. The amounts of these payments could be significant, and may create an incentive for the financial intermediary or its employees or associated persons to recommend or sell Shares of the Fund to you. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments, and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. In some cases, such payments may be made by or funded from the resources of companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). These payments are not reflected in the fees and expenses listed in the fee table section of the Fund's Prospectus and described above because they are not paid by the Fund.
These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. These payments may be in addition to payments, as described above, made by the Fund to the financial intermediary. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds, within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. You can ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Fund and any services provided, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
How to Purchase Shares
As described in more detail in the section entitled “How is the Fund Sold?” under the subheading “Class B Share Closure,” the Fund's Class B Shares are closed to new investments by new investors and existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains). Please disregard any further references to purchases of Class B Shares.
You may purchase Shares of the Fund any day the NYSE is open. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. New investors must submit a completed New Account Form. All accounts, including those for which there is no minimum initial investment amount required, are subject to the Fund's policy on “Accounts with Low Balances” as discussed later in this Prospectus.
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Where the Fund offers more than one Share class and you do not specify the class choice on your New Account Form or form of payment (e.g., Federal Reserve wire or check), you automatically will receive the A class.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
You may purchase Shares through a financial intermediary, directly from the Fund or through an exchange from another Federated fund.
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Establish an account with the financial intermediary; and submit your purchase order to the financial intermediary before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). You will receive the next calculated NAV if the financial intermediary forwards the order on the same day, and forwards your payment by the prescribed trade settlement date (typically within one to three business days) to the Fund's transfer agent, State Street Bank and Trust Company (“Transfer Agent”). You will become the owner of Shares and receive dividends when your payment is received in accordance with these time frames (provided that, if payment is received in the form of a check, the check clears). If your payment is not received in accordance with these time frames, or a check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses, fees or expenses incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
Financial intermediaries should send payments according to the instructions in the sections “By Wire” or “By Check.”
Financial intermediaries may impose higher or lower minimum investment requirements on their customers than those imposed by the Fund. Keep in mind that financial intermediaries may charge you fees for their services in connection with your Share transactions.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
■  Establish your account with the Fund by submitting a completed New Account Form; and
■  Send your payment to the Fund by Federal Reserve wire or check.
You will become the owner of Shares and your Shares will be priced at the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your wire or your check. If your check does not clear, your purchase will be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees incurred by the Fund or the Fund's Transfer Agent.
By Wire
To facilitate processing your order, please call the Fund before sending the wire. Send your wire to:
State Street Bank and Trust Company
Boston, MA
Dollar Amount of Wire
ABA Number 011000028
BNF: 23026552
Attention: Federated EDGEWIRE
Wire Order Number, Dealer Number or Group Number
Nominee/Institution Name
Fund Name and Number and Account Number
You cannot purchase Shares by wire on holidays when wire transfers are restricted.
By Check
Make your check payable to The Federated Funds, note your account number on the check, and send it to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
If you send your check by a private courier or overnight delivery service that requires a street address, send it to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
Payment should be made in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. The Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request. For example, to protect against check fraud the Fund may reject any purchase request involving a check that is not made payable to The Federated Funds (including, but not limited to, requests to purchase Shares using third-party checks) or involving temporary checks or credit card checks.
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By Direct Deposit
You may establish Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit arrangements for investments into the Fund by either calling a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400; or by completing the Payroll Deduction/Direct Deposit Form, which is available on FederatedInvestors.com under Customer Service/Find a Form. You will receive a confirmation when this service is available.
THROUGH AN EXCHANGE
You may purchase Fund Shares through an exchange from another Federated fund. To do this you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  You may purchase Shares through an exchange from the same share class of another Federated fund.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to purchase shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
BY SYSTEMATIC INVESTMENT PROGRAM (SIP)
Once you have opened an account, you may automatically purchase additional Shares on a regular basis by completing the SIP section of the New Account Form or by contacting the Fund or your financial intermediary. The minimum investment amount for SIPs is $50.
BY AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH)
Once you have opened an account, you may purchase additional Shares through a depository institution that is an ACH member. This purchase option can be established by completing the appropriate sections of the New Account Form.
How to Redeem and Exchange Shares
You should redeem or exchange Shares:
■  through a financial intermediary if you purchased Shares through a financial intermediary; or
■  directly from the Fund if you purchased Shares directly from the Fund.
Shares of the Fund may be redeemed for cash, or exchanged for shares of other Federated funds as described herein, on days on which the Fund computes its NAV. Redemption requests may be made by telephone or in writing.
For important account information, see the section “Security and Privacy Protection.”
THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
Submit your redemption or exchange request to your financial intermediary by the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). The redemption amount you will receive is based upon the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives the order from your financial intermediary.
DIRECTLY FROM THE FUND
By Telephone
You may redeem or exchange Shares by simply calling the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
If you call before the end of regular trading on the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time), you will receive a redemption amount based on that day's NAV.
By Mail
You may redeem or exchange Shares by sending a written request to the Fund.
You will receive a redemption amount based on the next calculated NAV after the Fund receives your written request in proper form.
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Send requests by mail to:
The Federated Funds
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Send requests by private courier or overnight delivery service to:
The Federated Funds
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021-2809
All requests must include:
■  Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration;
■  amount to be redeemed or exchanged;
■  signatures of all shareholders exactly as registered; and
■  if exchanging, the Fund name and Share class, account number and account registration into which you are exchanging.
Call your financial intermediary or the Fund if you need special instructions.
Signature Guarantees
Signatures must be guaranteed by a financial institution which is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program if:
■  your redemption will be sent to an address other than the address of record;
■  your redemption will be sent to an address of record that was changed within the last 30 days;
■  a redemption is payable to someone other than the shareholder(s) of record; or
■  transferring into another fund with a different shareholder registration.
A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect your account from fraud. Obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from a bank or trust company, savings association, credit union or broker, dealer or securities exchange member. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee.
By Online Account Services
You may access your accounts online to redeem or exchange shares through Federated's Shareholder Account Access system once you have registered for access. Online transactions may be subject to certain limitations including limitations as to the amount of the transaction. For more information about the services available through Shareholder Account Access, please visit www.FederatedInvestors.com and select “My Investments,” or call (800) 245-4770 to speak with a Client Service Representative.
PAYMENT METHODS FOR REDEMPTIONS
Your redemption proceeds will be mailed by check to your address of record. The following payment options are available if you complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form. These payment options require a signature guarantee if they were not established when the account was opened:
■  An electronic transfer to your account at a financial institution that is an ACH member; or
■  Wire payment to your account at a domestic commercial bank that is a Federal Reserve System member.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
LIMITATIONS ON REDEMPTION PROCEEDS
Redemption proceeds normally are wired or mailed within one business day after receiving a request in proper form. Payment may be delayed for up to seven days:
■  to allow your purchase to clear (as discussed below);
■  during periods of market volatility;
■  when a shareholder's trade activity or amount adversely impacts the Fund's ability to manage its assets; or
■  during any period when the Federal Reserve wire or applicable Federal Reserve banks are closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings.
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If you request a redemption of Shares recently purchased by check (including a cashier's check or certified check), money order, bank draft or ACH, your redemption proceeds may not be made available for up to seven calendar days to allow the Fund to collect payment on the instrument used to purchase such Shares. If the purchase instrument does not clear, your purchase order will be canceled and you will be responsible for any losses incurred by the Fund as a result of your canceled order.
In addition, the right of redemption may be suspended, or the payment of proceeds may be delayed (including beyond seven days), during any period:
■  when the NYSE is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings;
■  when trading on the NYSE is restricted, as determined by the SEC;
■  in which an emergency exists, as determined by the SEC, so that disposal of the Fund's investments or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable; or
■  as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of Fund shareholders.
  You will not accrue interest or dividends on uncashed redemption checks from the Fund if those checks are undeliverable and returned to the Fund.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
You may exchange Shares of the Fund. To do this, you must:
■  meet any applicable shareholder eligibility requirements;
■  ensure that the account registrations are identical;
■  meet any applicable minimum initial investment requirements; and
■  receive a prospectus for the fund into which you wish to exchange.
  An exchange is treated as a redemption and a subsequent purchase, and is a taxable transaction. The Fund reserves the right to reject any request to purchase or exchange Shares. The Fund may modify or terminate the exchange privilege at any time.
  In addition, the Fund may terminate your exchange privilege if your exchange activity is found to be excessive under the Fund's frequent trading policies. See “Account and Share InformationFrequent Trading Policies.”
You may exchange Shares into shares of the same class of another Federated fund.
Systematic Withdrawal/Exchange Program
You may automatically redeem or exchange Shares. The minimum amount for all new or revised systematic redemptions or exchanges of Shares is $50 per transaction per fund. Complete the appropriate section of the New Account Form or an Account Service Options Form or contact your financial intermediary or the Fund. Your account value must meet the minimum initial investment amount at the time the program is established. This program may reduce, and eventually deplete, your account. Payments should not be considered yield or income.
Generally, it is not advisable to continue to purchase Shares subject to a sales charge while redeeming Shares using this program.
Systematic Withdrawal Program (SWP) on B Class
You will not be charged a CDSC on SWP redemptions if:
■  you redeem 12% or less of your account value in a single year;
■  you reinvest all dividends and capital gains distributions;
■  your account has at least a $10,000 balance when you establish the SWP. (You cannot aggregate multiple B class accounts to meet this minimum balance.); and
■  for all B class accounts established on or after August 2, 2010, the minimum SWP redemption amount is $50 per transaction, per fund, including transactions that qualify for a CDSC waiver as outlined in this Prospectus.
You will be subject to a CDSC on redemption amounts that exceed the 12% annual limit. In measuring the redemption percentage, your account is valued when you establish the SWP and then annually at calendar year-end. You can redeem monthly, quarterly or semi-annually.
ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS
Telephone Transactions
The Fund will record your telephone instructions. If the Fund does not follow reasonable procedures, it may be liable for losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent telephone instructions.
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Share Certificates
The Fund no longer issues share certificates. If you are redeeming or exchanging Shares represented by certificates previously issued by the Fund, you must return the certificates with your written redemption or exchange request. For your protection, send your certificates by registered or certified mail, but do not endorse them.
Security and Privacy Protection
ONLINE ACCOUNT and TELEPHONE ACCESS SECURITY
Federated Investors, Inc. will not be responsible for losses that result from unauthorized transactions, unless Federated does not follow procedures designed to verify your identity. When initiating a transaction by telephone or online, shareholders should be aware that any person with access to your account and other personal information including PINs (Personal Identification Numbers) may be able to submit instructions by telephone or online. Shareholders are responsible for protecting their identity by using strong usernames and complex passwords which utilize combinations of mixed case letters, numbers and symbols, and change passwords and PINs frequently.
Using Federated's Account Access website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks. You will be required to accept the terms of an online agreement and to establish and utilize a password in order to access online account services. The Transfer Agent has adopted security procedures to confirm that internet instructions are genuine. The Transfer Agent will also send you written confirmation of share transactions. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for losses or expenses that occur from fraudulent Internet instructions reasonably believed to be genuine.
The Transfer Agent or the Fund will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone transaction requests are genuine, which may include recording calls, asking the caller to provide certain personal identification information, sending you written confirmation, or requiring other confirmation security procedures. The Transfer Agent, the Fund and any of its affiliates will not be liable for relying on instructions submitted by telephone that the Fund reasonably believes to be genuine.
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE
To help the government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each new customer who opens a Fund account and to determine whether such person's name appears on governmental lists of known or suspected terrorists or terrorist organizations. Pursuant to the requirements under the Patriot Act, the information obtained will be used for compliance with the Patriot Act or other applicable laws, regulations and rules in connection with money laundering, terrorism or other illicit activities.
Information required includes your name, residential or business address, date of birth (for an individual), and other information that identifies you, including your social security number, tax identification number or other identifying number. The Fund cannot waive these requirements. The Fund is required by law to reject your Account Application if the required information is not provided. If, after reasonable effort, the Fund is unable to verify your identity or that of any other person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or believes it has identified potentially suspicious, fraudulent or criminal activity, the Fund reserves the right to close your account and redeem your shares at the next calculated NAV without your permission. Any applicable contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) will be assessed upon redemption of your shares.
The Fund has a strict policy designed to protect the privacy of your personal information. A copy of Federated Investors' privacy policy notice was given to you at the time you opened your account. The Fund sends a copy of the privacy notice to you annually. You may also obtain the privacy notice by calling the Fund, or through Federated Investors' website.
Account and Share Information
CONFIRMATIONS AND ACCOUNT STATEMENTS
You will receive confirmation of purchases, redemptions and exchanges (except for systematic transactions). In addition, you will receive periodic statements reporting all account activity, including systematic transactions, dividends and capital gains paid.
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAINS
The Fund declares and pays any dividends monthly to shareholders. Dividends are paid to all shareholders invested in the Fund on the record date. The record date is the date on which a shareholder must officially own Shares in order to earn a dividend.
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In addition, the Fund pays any capital gains at least annually, and may make such special distributions of dividends and capital gains as may be necessary to meet applicable regulatory requirements. Your dividends and capital gains distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares without a sales charge, unless you elect cash payments. Dividends may also be reinvested without sales charges in shares of any class of any other Federated fund of which you are already a shareholder.
If you purchase Shares just before the record date for a capital gain distribution, you will pay the full price for the Shares and then receive a portion of the price back in the form of a taxable distribution, whether or not you reinvest the distribution in Shares. Therefore, you should consider the tax implications of purchasing Shares shortly before the record date for a capital gain. Contact your financial intermediary or the Fund for information concerning when dividends and capital gains will be paid.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide a notice to shareholders regarding the source of distributions made by the Fund if such distributions are from sources other than ordinary investment income. In addition, important information regarding the Fund's distributions, if applicable, is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.Federatedinvestors.com/FundInformation.
Small Distributions and Uncashed Checks
Generally, dividend and/or capital gain distributions payable by check in an amount of less than $25 will be automatically reinvested in additional shares. This policy does not apply if you have elected to receive cash distributions that are directly deposited into your bank account via wire or ACH.
Additionally, if one or more dividend or capital gain distribution checks are returned as “undeliverable,” or remain uncashed for 180 days, all subsequent dividend and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distribution checks. For questions on whether reinvestment applies to your distributions, please contact a Client Service Representative at 1-800-341-7400.
ACCOUNTS WITH LOW BALANCES
Federated reserves the right to close accounts if redemptions or exchanges cause the account balance to fall below $1,500. Before an account is closed, you will be notified and allowed at least 30 days to purchase additional Shares to meet the minimum.
TAX INFORMATION
The Fund sends an IRS Form 1099 and an annual statement of your account activity to assist you in completing your federal, state and local tax returns. It is anticipated that Fund distributions will be primarily dividends that are exempt from federal regular income tax, although a portion of the Fund's dividends may not be exempt. Dividends may be subject to state and local taxes, although the Fund's dividends will be exempt from the Pennsylvania taxes discussed above to the extent they are derived from interest on obligations exempt from such taxes. In addition, the Fund may realize and distribute capital gains from time to time as a result of the Fund's normal investment activities. Distributions of net short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of net long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned your Shares. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities that generate income that is not exempt from federal or state income tax. Capital gains and non-exempt dividends are taxable whether paid in cash or reinvested in the Fund. Redemptions and exchanges are taxable sales. Please consult your tax adviser regarding your federal, state and local tax liability.
FREQUENT TRADING POLICIES
Frequent or short-term trading into and out of the Fund can have adverse consequences for the Fund and shareholders who use the Fund as a long-term investment vehicle. Such trading in significant amounts can disrupt the Fund's investment strategies (e.g., by requiring it to sell investments at inopportune times or maintain excessive short-term or cash positions to support redemptions), increase brokerage and administrative costs and affect the timing and amount of taxable gains distributed by the Fund. Investors engaged in such trading may also seek to profit by anticipating changes in the Fund's NAV in advance of the time as of which NAV is calculated.
The Fund's Board has approved policies and procedures intended to discourage excessive frequent or short-term trading of the Fund's Shares. The Fund monitors trading in Fund Shares in an effort to identify disruptive trading activity. The Fund monitors trades into and out of the Fund within a period of 30 days or less. The Fund may also monitor trades into and out of the Fund for potentially disruptive trading activity over periods longer than 30 days. The size of Share transactions subject to monitoring varies. Where it is determined that a shareholder has exceeded the detection amounts twice within a period of 12 months, the Fund will temporarily prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. If the shareholder continues to exceed the detection amounts for specified periods the Fund will impose lengthier trading restrictions on the shareholder, up to and including permanently prohibiting the shareholder from making any
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further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. Whether or not the specific monitoring limits are exceeded, the Fund's management or the Adviser may determine from the amount, frequency or pattern of purchases and redemptions or exchanges that a shareholder is engaged in excessive trading that is or could be detrimental to the Fund and other shareholders and may prohibit the shareholder from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund Shares. No matter how the Fund defines its limits on frequent trading of Fund Shares, other purchases and sales of Fund Shares may have adverse effects on the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund's frequent trading restrictions do not apply to purchases and sales of Fund Shares by other Federated funds. These funds impose the same frequent trading restrictions as the Fund at their shareholder level. In addition, allocation changes of the investing Federated fund are monitored, and the managers of the recipient fund must determine that there is no disruption to their management activity. The intent of this exception is to allow investing fund managers to accommodate cash flows and other activity that result from non-abusive trading in the investing fund, without being stopped from such trading because the aggregate of such trades exceeds the monitoring limits. Nonetheless, as with any trading in Fund Shares, purchases and redemptions of Fund Shares by other Federated funds could adversely affect the management of the Fund's portfolio and its performance.
The Fund will not restrict transactions made on a non-discretionary basis by certain asset allocation programs, wrap programs, fund of funds, collective funds or other similar accounts that have been pre-approved by Federated (“Approved Accounts”). The Fund will continue to monitor transactions by the Approved Accounts and will seek to limit or restrict even non-discretionary transactions by Approved Accounts that are determined to be disruptive or harmful to the Fund.
The Fund's objective is that its restrictions on short-term trading should apply to all shareholders that are subject to the restrictions, regardless of the number or type of accounts in which Shares are held. However, the Fund anticipates that limitations on its ability to identify trading activity to specific shareholders, including where Shares are held through intermediaries in multiple or omnibus accounts, will mean that these restrictions may not be able to be applied uniformly in all cases.
Other funds in the Federated family of funds may impose different monitoring policies or in some cases, may not monitor for frequent or short-term trading. Under normal market conditions such monitoring policies are designed to protect the funds being monitored and their shareholders and the operation of such policies and shareholder investments under such monitoring are not expected to have materially adverse impact on the Federated funds or their shareholders. If you plan to exchange your fund shares for shares of another Federated fund, please read the prospectus of that other Federated fund for more information.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual and Semi-Annual Shareholder Reports contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
In addition, from time to time (for example, during periods of unusual market conditions), additional information regarding the Fund's portfolio holdings and/or composition may be posted to Federated's website. If and when such information is posted, its availability will be noted on, and the information will be accessible from, the home page of the website.
Who Manages the Fund?
The Board governs the Fund. The Board selects and oversees the Adviser, Federated Investment Management Company. The Adviser manages the Fund's assets, including buying and selling portfolio securities. Federated Advisory Services Company (FASC), an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund. The address of the Adviser and FASC is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779.
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The Adviser and other subsidiaries of Federated advise approximately 122 equity, fixed-income and money market mutual funds as well as a variety of other pooled investment vehicles, private investment companies and customized separately managed accounts (including non-U.S./offshore funds) which totaled approximately $361.1 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015. Federated was established in 1955 and is one of the largest investment managers in the United States with approximately 1,445 employees. Federated provides investment products to approximately 8,400 investment professionals and institutions.
The Adviser advises approximately 89 fixed-income and money market mutual funds (including sub-advised funds) and private investment companies, which totaled approximately $237.7 billion in assets as of December 31, 2015.
PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT INFORMATION
J. Scott Albrecht
J. Scott Albrecht has been the Fund's Portfolio Manager since March 1995. Mr. Albrecht joined Federated in 1989. He became a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in January 2005, and served as a Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1994 through 2004. He has been a Senior Portfolio Manager since 1997 and was a Portfolio Manager from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Albrecht has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation and an M.S. in Public Management from Carnegie Mellon University.
The Fund's SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Manager's compensation, management of other accounts and ownership of securities in the Fund.
ADVISORY FEES
The Fund's investment advisory contract provides for payment to the Adviser of an annual investment advisory fee of 0.40% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Adviser may voluntarily waive a portion of its fee or reimburse the Fund for certain operating expenses. The Adviser and its affiliates have also agreed to certain “Fee Limits” as described in the footnote to the “Risk/Return Summary: Fees and Expenses” table found in the “Fund Summary” section of the Prospectus.
A discussion of the Board's review of the Fund's investment advisory contract is available in the Fund's annual and semi-annual shareholder reports for the periods ended August 31 and February 28, respectively.
Financial Information
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Financial Highlights will help you understand the Fund's financial performance for its past five fiscal years. Some of the information is presented on a per Share basis. Total returns represent the rate an investor would have earned (or lost) on an investment in the Fund, assuming reinvestment of any dividends and capital gains.
This information has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Fund's audited financial statements, is included in the Annual Report.
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Financial HighlightsClass A Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $10.88 $10.94 $10.34 $11.20 $10.68
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.40
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, futures contracts and swap contracts 0.40 (0.07) 0.61 (0.87) 0.52
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.73 0.29 0.99 (0.48) 0.92
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.33) (0.35) (0.39) (0.38) (0.40)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.28 $10.88 $10.94 $10.34 $11.20
Total Return1 6.85% 2.65% 9.68% (4.41)% 8.80%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 0.75%2 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
Net investment income 3.01% 3.25% 3.60% 3.50% 3.63%
Expense waiver/reimbursement3 0.13% 0.12% 0.13% 0.10% 0.10%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $199,403 $202,057 $219,307 $231,890 $275,974
Portfolio turnover 14% 29% 5% 7% 15%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 The Net expense ratio is calculated without reduction for expense offset arrangements. The net expense ratio is 0.75% for the year ended August 31, 2016, after taking into account this expense reduction.
3 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
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Financial HighlightsClass B Shares
(For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period)
Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period $10.89 $10.95 $10.34 $11.20 $10.68
Income From Investment Operations:          
Net investment income 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments, futures contracts and swap contracts 0.34 (0.09) 0.61 (0.87) 0.52
TOTAL FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS 0.64 0.20 0.91 (0.56) 0.84
Less Distributions:          
Distributions from net investment income (0.25) (0.26) (0.30) (0.30) (0.32)
Net Asset Value, End of Period $11.28 $10.89 $10.95 $10.34 $11.20
Total Return1 5.93% 1.87% 8.93% (5.15)% 7.96%
Ratios to Average Net Assets:          
Net expenses 1.52%2 1.52% 1.52% 1.52% 1.52%
Net investment income 2.25% 2.48% 2.84% 2.73% 2.87%
Expense waiver/reimbursement3 0.11% 0.10% 0.11% 0.08% 0.08%
Supplemental Data:          
Net assets, end of period (000 omitted) $1,955 $2,429 $2,815 $3,824 $5,137
Portfolio turnover 14% 29% 5% 7% 15%
1 Based on net asset value, which does not reflect the sales charge, redemption fee or contingent deferred sales charge, if applicable.
2 The Net expense ratio is calculated without reduction for expense offset arrangements. The net expense ratio is 1.52% for the year ended August 31, 2016, after taking into account this expense reduction.
3 This expense decrease is reflected in both the net expense and net investment income ratios shown above.
Further information about the Fund's performance is contained in the Fund's Annual Report, dated August 31, 2016, which can be obtained free of charge.
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Appendix A: Hypothetical Investment and Expense Information
The following charts provide additional hypothetical information about the effect of the Fund's expenses, including investment advisory fees and other Fund costs, on the Fund's assumed returns over a 10-year period. Each chart shows the estimated expenses that would be incurred in respect of a hypothetical investment of $10,000, assuming a 5% return each year, and no redemption of Shares. Each chart also assumes that the Fund's annual expense ratio stays the same throughout the 10-year period and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested. The annual expense ratios used in each chart are the same as stated in the “Fees and Expenses” table of this Prospectus (and thus may not reflect any fee waiver or expense reimbursement currently in effect). The maximum amount of any sales charge that might be imposed on the purchase of Shares (and deducted from the hypothetical initial investment of $10,000; the “Front-End Sales Charge”) is reflected in the “Hypothetical Expenses” column. The hypothetical investment information does not reflect the effect of charges (if any) normally applicable to redemptions of Shares (e.g., deferred sales charges, redemption fees). Mutual fund returns, as well as fees and expenses, may fluctuate over time, and your actual investment returns and total expenses may be higher or lower than those shown below.
FEDERATED PENNSYLVANIA MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - A CLASS
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 0.88%
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: 4.50%
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $477.50 $10,027.50 $535.77 $9,943.46
2 $9,943.46 $497.17 $10,440.63 $89.30 $10,353.13
3 $10,353.13 $517.66 $10,870.79 $92.98 $10,779.68
4 $10,779.68 $538.98 $11,318.66 $96.82 $11,223.80
5 $11,223.80 $561.19 $11,784.99 $100.80 $11,686.22
6 $11,686.22 $584.31 $12,270.53 $104.96 $12,167.69
7 $12,167.69 $608.38 $12,776.07 $109.28 $12,669.00
8 $12,669.00 $633.45 $13,302.45 $113.78 $13,190.96
9 $13,190.96 $659.55 $13,850.51 $118.47 $13,734.43
10 $13,734.43 $686.72 $14,421.15 $123.35 $14,300.29
Cumulative   $5,764.91   $1,485.51  
    
FEDERATED PENNSYLVANIA MUNICIPAL INCOME FUND - B CLASS    
ANNUAL EXPENSE RATIO: 1.63%          
MAXIMUM FRONT-END SALES CHARGE: NONE        
Year Hypothetical
Beginning
Investment
Hypothetical
Performance
Earnings
Investment
After
Returns
Hypothetical
Expenses
Hypothetical
Ending
Investment
1 $10,000.00 $500.00 $10,500.00 $165.75 $10,337.00
2 $10,337.00 $516.85 $10,853.85 $171.33 $10,685.36
3 $10,685.36 $534.27 $11,219.63 $177.11 $11,045.46
4 $11,045.46 $552.27 $11,597.73 $183.07 $11,417.69
5 $11,417.69 $570.88 $11,988.57 $189.24 $11,802.47
6 $11,802.47 $590.12 $12,392.59 $195.62 $12,200.21
7 $12,200.21 $610.01 $12,810.22 $202.21 $12,611.36
8 $12,611.36 $630.57 $13,241.93 $209.03 $13,036.36
Converts from Class B to Class A       Annual Expense Ratio 0.88%
9 $13,036.36 $651.82 $13,688.18 $117.08 $13,573.46
10 $13,573.46 $678.67 $14,252.13 $121.91 $14,132.69
Cumulative   $5,835.46   $1,732.35  
33

An SAI dated October 31, 2016, is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. Additional information about the Fund and its investments is contained in the Fund's SAI and Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders as they become available. The Annual Report's Management's Discussion of Fund Performance discusses market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund's performance during its last fiscal year. The SAI contains a description of the Fund's policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of its portfolio securities. To obtain the SAI, Annual Report, Semi-Annual Report and other information without charge, and to make inquiries, call your financial intermediary or the Fund at 1-800-341-7400.
These documents, as well as additional information about the Fund (including portfolio holdings, performance and distributions), are also available on Federated's website at FederatedInvestors.com.
You can obtain information about the Fund (including the SAI) by writing to or visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. You may also access Fund information from the EDGAR Database on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. You can purchase copies of this information by contacting the SEC by email at publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549. Call 1-202-551-8090 for information on the Public Reference Room's operations and copying fees.
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
Investment Company Act File No. 811-6165
CUSIP 313923708
CUSIP 313923807
G00577-02 (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Statement of Additional Information
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A FMOAX
B FMOBX
C FMNCX
F FHTFX
Institutional FMYIX
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
35401 (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark
of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus. Read this SAI in conjunction with the Prospectus for Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares, Class F Shares and Institutional Shares (“Fund”), dated October 31, 2016.
This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund's Annual Report. Obtain the Prospectus or the Annual Report without charge by calling 1-800-341-7400.


How is the Fund Organized?
The Fund is a non-diversified portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (“Trust”). The Trust is an open-end, management investment company that was established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on August 6, 1990. The Trust may offer separate series of shares representing interests in separate portfolios of securities.
The Fund is the successor to the Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund, Inc. (the “Predecessor Fund”). The Fund was established on August 7, 2006. The Predecessor Fund was established on November 26, 1986, and was reorganized into the Fund as of the close of business on November 10, 2006. Prior to the date of the reorganization, the Fund did not have any investment operations. On the date of the reorganization, November 10, 2006, the Predecessor Fund's assets (inclusive of liabilities recorded on the Predecessor Fund's records) were transferred into the Fund and the dissolution of the Predecessor Fund occurred within a short period of time, after the date of the reorganization. As a result of the reorganization, the Fund's investment adviser did not change from that of the Predecessor Fund. As a result of the reorganization, shareholders of the Predecessor Fund holding Class A, Class B, Class C or Class F shares received Class A, Class B, Class C or Class F shares of the Fund, respectively.
The Board of Trustees (the “Board”) has established five classes of shares of the Fund, known as Class A, Class B, Class C, Class F and Institutional shares (“Shares”).
This SAI relates to all classes of the Fund. The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (“Adviser”).
Securities in Which the Fund Invests
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Securities Descriptions And Techniques
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer's earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security's yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security's yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following further describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest.
Municipal Notes (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal notes are short-term, tax-exempt securities. Many municipalities issue such notes to fund their current operations before collecting taxes or other municipal revenues. Municipalities may also issue notes to fund capital projects prior to issuing long-term bonds. The issuers typically repay the notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with taxes, other revenues or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds.
Municipal Auction Rate Securities (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal auction rate securities are tax-exempt securities that are issued (without a demand feature) generally for a specified term, during which the interest rate may be reset at specified intervals (such as, for example, every 7, 28, 35 or 49 days) by means of a “Dutch Auction” or similar competitive process. These securities may be referred to as “municipal auction rate notes.” In the auction, holders of such securities, and investors who seek to acquire such securities, indicate their interest in continuing to hold, or to purchase, the securities at rates that they specify to broker-dealers that serve as auction agents for the auction. If the auction is successful, a holder of such securities will be able to sell them at par value through the auction process. A “failed auction” occurs when, for example, the auction agent does not receive enough bids to cover the aggregate amount of securities that have been put up for sale at the auction, or the lowest interest rate at which all of the securities that have been put up for sale at the auction would be above the “maximum interest rate” set forth in the documentation for the securities, or some other reason. When a failed auction occurs, a holder of the securities may not be able to sell all or a portion of the securities it desired to sell at the
1

auction, in which case the affected securities would pay the maximum interest rate set forth in their documentation until the next successful auction. The maximum interest rate may be a multiple of a specified index or a fixed rate, and may be dependent on other factors, such as the credit rating of the securities at the time of the auction. Municipal auction rate securities may be subject to interest rate, credit, credit enhancement, prepayment, liquidity and economic risks.
Variable Rate Demand Instruments (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Variable rate demand instruments are tax-exempt securities that require the issuer or a third party, such as a dealer or bank (the “Demand Provider”), to repurchase the security for its face value upon demand. The securities also pay interest at a variable rate intended to cause the securities to trade at their face value. Some variable rate demand instruments are “conditional,” so that the occurrence of certain conditions discharges the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security. Other variable rate demand instruments are “unconditional,” so that there are no conditions under which the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security can terminate. The Fund treats variable rate demand instruments as short-term securities even though their maturity may extend beyond 397 days because, within 397 days, their variable interest rate adjusts in response to changes in market rates and the repayment of their principal amount can be demanded. Certain variable rate demand instruments that may be invested in by the Fund, referred to as “synthetic” variable rate demand instruments, have certain features, such as call features, that make it possible that the Fund will realize capital gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates or other similar securities. Asset-backed securities have prepayment risks.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax-exempt commercial paper is an obligation issued by a tax-exempt issuer with a maturity of generally less than nine months. Tax-exempt issuers may issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures or other permissible activities. Tax-exempt issuers may constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or other sources) to repay maturing paper. If the tax-exempt issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, and if there is not another available source of liquidity, its commercial paper may default or there may be a reduction in payments received in repayment of the tax-exempt commercial paper.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices, or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts, (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close-out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
2

The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Interest Rate Futures
An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing, fixed-income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments. An index is usually computed by a sum product of a list of the designated Reference Instruments' current prices and a list of weights assigned to these Reference Instruments.
3

Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future, security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy the following types of options:
Call Options
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
■  Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
■  Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names.
Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
4

Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Buyer”) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Seller”) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Caps and Floors (A Type of Swap Contract)
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies and/or managing its uninvested cash. These other investment companies are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of this approach should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund's portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund's ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
5

Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case, all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Notes (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund's return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund's custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Reverse repurchase agreements (which are considered a type of special transaction for asset segregation purposes) are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Third-Party Lending Arrangements
Inter-Fund Borrowing
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has granted an exemption that permits the Fund and all other funds advised by subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated funds”) to lend and borrow money for certain temporary purposes directly to and from other Federated funds. Participation in this inter-fund lending program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending Federated funds, and an inter-fund loan is only made if it benefits each participating Federated fund. Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”) administers the program according to procedures approved by the Fund's Board, and the Board monitors the operation of the program. Any inter-fund loan must comply with certain conditions set out in the exemption, which are designed to assure fairness and protect all participating Federated funds.
6

For example, inter-fund lending is permitted only: (a) to meet shareholder redemption requests; (b) to meet commitments arising from “failed” trades; and (c) for other temporary purposes. All inter-fund loans must be repaid in seven days or less. The Fund's participation in this program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations, and must meet certain percentage tests. Inter-fund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more attractive to the lending Federated fund than market-competitive rates on overnight repurchase agreements (“Repo Rate”) and more attractive to the borrowing Federated fund than the rate of interest that would be charged by an unaffiliated bank for short-term borrowings (“Bank Loan Rate”), as determined by the Board. The interest rate imposed on inter-fund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
Third-Party Line of Credit
The Fund participates with certain other Federated Funds, on a several basis, in an up to $500,000,000 unsecured, 364-day, committed, revolving line of credit (LOC) agreement. The LOC was made available to finance temporarily the repurchase or redemption of shares of the Fund, failed trades, payment of dividends, settlement of trades and for other short-term, temporary or emergency general business purposes. The Fund cannot borrow under the LOC if an inter-fund loan is outstanding. The Fund's ability to borrow under the LOC also is subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and various conditions precedent that must be satisfied before the Fund can borrow. Loans under the LOC are charged interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest, on any day, of: (a) (i) the federal funds effective rate; (ii) the one month London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR); and (iii) 0.0%; plus (b) a margin. The LOC also requires the Fund to pay, quarterly in arrears and at maturity, its pro rata share of a commitment fee based on the amount of the lenders' commitment that has not been utilized. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there were no outstanding loans. During the most recently ended fiscal year the Fund did not utilize the LOC.
Asset Segregation
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and SEC staff positions regarding the interpretation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), with respect to derivatives that create a future payment obligation of the Fund, the Fund must “set aside” (referred to sometimes as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures, while the derivative contracts are open. For example, with respect to forwards and futures contracts that are not contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund must cover its open positions by setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the contracts' full, notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside cash or readily marketable securities in an amount equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market (“net”) obligations, if any (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the notional value.
The Fund will employ another approach to segregating assets to cover options that it sells. If the Fund sells a call option, the Fund will set aside either the Reference Instrument subject to the option, cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the current market value of the Reference Instrument. In no event, will the value of the cash or readily marketable securities set aside by the Fund be less than the exercise price of the call option. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the exercise price of the put option.
The Fund's asset segregation approach for swap agreements varies among different types of swaps. For example, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Buyer, then it will set aside cash or readily marketable securities necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations under the swap. By comparison, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Seller, then the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional amount of the swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a Credit Event. For some other types of swaps, such as interest rate swaps, the Fund will calculate the obligations of the counterparties to the swap on a net basis. Consequently, the Fund's current obligation (or rights) under this type of swap will equal only the net amount to be paid or received based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap (the “net amount”). The net amount currently owed by or to the Fund will be accrued daily and the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to any accrued but unpaid net amount owed by the Fund under the swap.
The Fund may reduce the liquid assets segregated to cover obligations under a derivative contract by entering into an offsetting derivative contract. For example, if the Fund sells a put option for the same Reference Instrument as a call option the Fund has sold, and the exercise price of the call option is the same as or higher than the exercise price of the put option, then the Fund may net its obligations under the options and set aside cash or readily marketable securities (including any margin deposited for the options) with a value equal to the greater of: (a) the current market value of the Reference Instrument deliverable under the call option; or (b) the exercise price of the put option.
By setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to only its net obligations under swaps and certain cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional value of such contracts. The use of leverage involves certain risks. See “Investment Risks.” Unless the Fund has other cash or readily marketable securities to set aside, it cannot trade assets set
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aside in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions without entering into an offsetting derivative contract or terminating a special transaction. This may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities or to realize losses on derivative contracts or special transactions. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions articulated from time to time by the SEC and its staff.
Generally, special transactions do not cash-settle on a net basis. Consequently, with respect to special transactions, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the Fund's obligations.
Temporary Investments
The Fund may make temporary investments in taxable, fixed-income securities and the following other taxable securities (in addition to taxable repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement investments):
Treasury Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Bank Instruments (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Bank instruments are unsecured interest-bearing deposits with banks. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, bank accounts, time deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances. Yankee instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by non-U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks.
Government Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Tennessee Valley Authority in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
Investors regard government securities as having minimal credit risks, but not as low as Treasury securities.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee helps protect against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Additional Information Related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets beginning in 2008 led to market concerns regarding the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator's appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the Treasury has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The senior preferred stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Although the SPAs are subject to amendment from time to time, currently the Treasury is obligated to provide such financial contributions up to an aggregate maximum amount determined by a formula set forth in the SPAs, and until such aggregate maximum amount is reached, there is not a specific end date to the Treasury's obligations.
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The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's operations and activities under the SPAs, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, downgrades or upgrades in the credit ratings assigned to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or ratings services, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
In addition, the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and other U.S. government-sponsored enterprises that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (GSEs), remains in question as the U.S. government continues to consider options ranging from structural reform, nationalization, privatization or consolidation, to outright elimination. The issues that have led to significant U.S. government support for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have sparked serious debate regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing mortgage loan liquidity.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The credit risk of corporate debt securities vary widely across issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Commercial Paper (A Type of Corporate Debt Security)
Commercial paper is an issuer's obligation with a maturity of less than nine months. Companies typically issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures. Most issuers constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or bank loans) to repay maturing paper. If the issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, its commercial paper may default. The short maturity of commercial paper generally reduces both the market and credit risks as compared to other debt securities of the same issuer.
INVESTMENT RATINGS FOR INVESTMENT-GRADE SECURITIES
The Adviser will determine whether a security is investment-grade based upon the credit ratings given by one or more nationally recognized rating services. For example, Standard & Poor's, a rating service, assigns ratings to investment-grade securities (AAA, AA, A and BBB) based on their assessment of the likelihood of the issuer's inability to pay interest or principal (default) when due on each security. Lower credit ratings correspond to higher credit risk. If a security has not received a rating, the Fund must rely entirely upon the Adviser's credit assessment that the security is comparable to investment grade.
Investment Risks
There are many risk factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund's principal risks are described in its Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Credit Risk
The tobacco settlement bonds in which the Fund invests also may present greater risk due to their source of payment (i.e., the issuing state's proportionate share in payments made by U.S. tobacco manufacturers into an escrow account established pursuant to a master settlement agreement (MSA) entered into between 46 states and nearly all of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers). The source of the payments used to pay principal and interest on tobacco settlement bonds can be delayed, reduced or otherwise adversely affected by various factors that impact the risk associated with tobacco settlement bonds, such as the strength of the tobacco industry, the financial condition of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers and litigation related to the MSA.
Prepayment Risk
Like municipal mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (including fixed-income or tax-exempt securities that are pooled or collateralized) may be subject to prepayment risks and the possibility that interest and other payments may not be made. Such investments also may be subject to interest rate, credit and the other risks described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI.
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Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund's Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund's shareholders, and the Fund's service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), infection from or spread of malware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, and attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website or internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events consistently. Cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund's business operations or performance. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. A cyber-event may cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate the Fund's NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments to lose value. The Fund's Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events, however, there is no guarantee that the efforts of the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially. Among other reasons, the nature of malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund's Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
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Risk Associated with the Investment Activities of Other Accounts
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions and/or the Fund's ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
Investment Objective (and Policies) and Investment Limitations
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide a high level of current income which is generally exempt from the federal regular income tax.
The Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax, except when investing for “defensive” purposes.
The fundamental investment objective and policy may not be changed by the Fund's Board without shareholder approval.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), any rule or order thereunder, or any SEC staff interpretation thereof.
Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Investing in Commodities
The Fund may invest in commodities to the maximum extent permitted under the 1940 Act.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.
Lending
The Fund may not make loans, except it may make loans to affiliated investment companies in accordance with SEC exemptive relief. This restriction does not prevent the Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements and/or derivatives contracts, lending its assets to broker/dealers or institutional investors and investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.
Concentration
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. For purposes of this limitation, the term concentration has the meaning set forth in the 1940 Act, any rule or order thereunder, or any SEC staff interpretation thereof. Government securities and municipal securities will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not purchase securities for which there is no readily available market, or enter into repurchase agreements or purchase time deposits that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, if immediately after and as a result, the value of such securities would exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund's net assets.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may purchase securities subject to restrictions on resale under the federal securities laws.
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Purchases on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits and/or collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Additional Information
The Fund considers certificates of deposit and demand and time deposits issued by a U.S. branch of a domestic bank or savings and loan having capital, surplus, and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 at the time of investment to be “cash items.” In applying the Fund's concentration limitation, investments in certain industrial development bonds funded by activities in a single industry will be deemed to constitute investment in an industry. The Fund's concentration limitation will not restrict the Fund's investment in economic sectors. The Fund will consider concentration to be the investment of more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
The Fund will not invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in securities insured by the same single bond insurer. Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of the investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation. The preceding limitations regarding buying on margin, borrowing money and pledging assets do not apply to intra-day cash advances made by the Fund's custodian, or the grant of a security interest in securities by the Fund to its custodian to collateralize such intra-day cash advances, in order to enable the Fund to settle securities purchases or to redeem Shares of the Fund. The preceding limitations regarding buying on margin, borrowing money, lending and pledging assets do not apply to the Fund's use of derivative contracts, including, without limitation, the Fund's granting of a security interest in connection with such permissible activities.
What Do Shares Cost?
Determining Market Value of Securities
A Share's net asset value (NAV) is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The NAV for each class of Shares may differ due to the variance in daily net income realized by each class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the Shareholders of a particular class are entitled. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such fixed-income securities are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers.
■  Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
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■  OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
■  Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund's NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from one or more currency dealers.
The Fund follows procedures that are common in the mutual fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share or errors that did not result in net dilution to the Fund.
Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
Pricing Service Valuations. Based on the recommendations of the Valuation Committee, the Board has authorized the Fund, subject to Board oversight, to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer's operations or liquidation.
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the prices bid and asked for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment's “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment's fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer's financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment's value.
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The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to Board oversight. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of an investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Significant Events. The Board has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment's value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
■  With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
■  Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
■  Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer's operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer's industry.
The Board has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to determine the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets when the Adviser determines that there has been a significant trend in the U.S. equity markets or in index futures trading. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board has ultimate responsibility for any fair valuations made in response to a significant event.
How is the Fund Sold?
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor (Federated Securities Corp.) offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis.
Rule 12b-1 Plan (CLASS A SHARES, CLASS B SHARES, CLASS C SHARES AND CLASS F SHARES)
As a compensation-type plan, the Rule 12b-1 Plan is designed to pay the Distributor for activities principally intended to result in the sale of Shares such as advertising and marketing of Shares (including printing and distributing prospectuses and sales literature to prospective shareholders and financial intermediaries) and providing incentives to financial intermediaries to sell Shares. The Plan is also designed to cover the cost of administrative services performed in conjunction with the sale of Shares, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services and educational services, as well as the costs of implementing and operating the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan allows the Distributor to contract with financial intermediaries to perform activities covered by the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan is expected to benefit the Fund in a number of ways. For example, it is anticipated that the Plan will help the Fund attract and retain assets, thus providing cash for orderly portfolio management and Share redemptions and possibly helping to stabilize or reduce other operating expenses.
In addition, the Plan is integral to the multiple class structure of the Fund, which promotes the sale of Shares by providing a range of options to investors. The Fund's service providers that receive asset-based fees also benefit from stable or increasing Fund assets.
The Fund may compensate the Distributor more or less than its actual marketing expenses. In no event will the Fund pay for any expenses of the Distributor that exceed the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee.
14

For some classes of shares, the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee that can be paid in any one year may not be sufficient to cover the marketing-related expenses the Distributor has incurred. Therefore, it may take the Distributor a number of years to recoup these expenses.
In addition, in connection with the sale of Class B Shares and Class C Shares, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the Class B Shares and Class C Shares. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements.
Regarding the Fund's Class A Shares and Class F Shares, the Class A Shares and Class F Shares of the Fund currently do not accrue, pay or incur any Rule 12b-1 Plan fee, although the Board of Trustees has adopted a Plan that permits the Class A Shares and Class F Shares of the Fund to accrue, pay and incur a Rule 12b-1 Plan fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%, or some lesser amount as the Board of Trustees shall approve from time to time. The Class A Shares and Class F Shares of the Fund will not incur or charge such Rule 12b-1 Plan fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Additional Payments To Financial Intermediaries
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators. In some cases, such payments may be made by, or funded from the resources of, companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). While Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) regulations limit the sales charges that you may bear, there are no limits with regard to the amounts that the Distributor may pay out of its own resources. In addition to the payments which are generally described herein and in the Prospectus, the financial intermediary also may receive payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan and/or Service Fees. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. The same financial intermediaries may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments assist in the Distributor's efforts to support the sale of Shares. These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Federated funds and any services it provides, as well as the fees and/or commissions it charges.
The categories of additional payments are described below.
Supplemental Payments
The Distributor may make supplemental payments to certain financial intermediaries that are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Federated funds. These payments may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary.
Processing Support Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries that sell Federated fund shares to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement processing and transaction processing. The types of payments that the Distributor may make under this category include: payment of ticket charges on a per-transaction basis; payment of networking fees; and payment for ancillary services such as setting up funds on the financial intermediary's mutual fund trading system.
Retirement Plan Program Servicing Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries who sell Federated fund shares through retirement plan programs. A financial intermediary may perform retirement plan program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform retirement plan program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting or transaction processing, retirement plan program services may include: services rendered to a plan in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring; employee enrollment and education; plan balance rollover or separation; or other similar services.
Marketing Support Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of Shares. Such compensation, provided by the Distributor, may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client entertainment, client and investor events and other financial intermediary-sponsored events.
15

The Distributor also may hold or sponsor, at its expense, sales events, conferences and programs for employees or associated persons of financial intermediaries and may pay the travel and lodging expenses of attendees. The Distributor also may provide, at its expense, meals and entertainment in conjunction with meetings with financial intermediaries. Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state law or regulations, or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. These payments may vary depending on the nature of the event or the relationship.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the following is a list of FINRA member firms that received additional payments from the Distributor or an affiliate. Additional payments may also be made to certain other financial intermediaries that are not FINRA member firms that sell Federated fund shares or provide services to the Federated funds and shareholders. These firms are not included in this list. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the member firms identified in this list that have occurred since December 31, 2015, are not reflected. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any additional payments it receives from the Distributor.
Academy Securities, Inc.
ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.
Amegy Investments Inc.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services Inc.
Apex Clearing Corporation
AssetMark Trust Company
AXA Advisors, LLC
B.C. Ziegler And Company
Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.
Barclays Capital Inc.
BB&T Securities, LLC
BCG Securities, Inc.
BMO Harris Financial Advisors, Inc.
BNP Paribas Securities Corporation
Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.
Broadridge Business Process Outsourcing, LLC
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc.
Capital Financial Services, Inc.
Capital Guardian, LLC
Capital One Investing, LLC
Cary Street Partners, LLC
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Cetera Advisors LLC
Cetera Investment Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Company, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Comerica Securities, Inc.
Commonwealth Financial Network
COR Clearing LLC
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Cuso Financial Services, L.P.
D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davenport & Company LLC
David Lerner Associates, Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
DST Market Services, LLC
Edward D. Jones & Co., LP
FBL Marketing Services, LLC
Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc.
Fifth Third Securities, Inc.
First Allied Securities, Inc.
First Southwest Company
Fort Pitt Capital Group Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation
Goldman, Sachs, & Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.
Hand Securities, Inc.
H. Beck, Inc.
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc.
HefrenTillotson, Inc.
Henderson Global Investors Limited
HighTower Securities LLC
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Independent Financial Group, LLC
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC
INTL FCStone Securities, Inc.
Intrust Brokerage Inc.
Invest Financial Corporation
Investment Professionals, Inc.
JHS Capital Advisors, LLC
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC
JPMorgan Securities LLC
JP Turner & Company, LLC
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
Jefferies, LLC
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc.
KMS Financial Services, Inc.
Kovack Securities Inc.
Legend Equities Corporation
Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation
Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.
Lockton Financial Advisors LLC
LPL Financial LLC
M&T Securities Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated
Mesirow Financial, Inc.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Mid Atlantic Capital Corp.
Midwestern Securities Trading Company, LLC
MML Investors Services, Inc.
Moors & Cabot, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
Multi-Bank Securities
National Financial Services LLC
 
 
16

National Planning Corporation
Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Newport Coast Securities, Inc.
NFP Securities, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC
NYLIFE Distributors LLC
Ohio National Equities, Inc.
Oneamerica Securities, Inc.
Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.
PCBB Capital Markets, LLC
People's Securities, Inc.
Pershing LLC
Piper Jaffray & Co.
Planmember Securities Corporation
Planned Investment Co., Inc.
PNC Investments LLC
Princor Financial Services Corporation
Prospera Financial Services, Inc.
Prudential Insurance Company of America The
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc.
Royal Alliance Associates Inc.
SagePoint Financial, Inc.
Securian Financial Services, Inc.
Securities America, Inc.
Securities Service Network, Inc.
Security Distributors Inc.
SG Americas Securities, LLC
Sigma Financial Corporation
SII Investments, Inc.
State Street Global Markets, LLC
Stephens Inc.
Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.
SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
SunGard Brokerage & Securities Services, LLC
Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
Synovus Securities, Inc.
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
The Huntington Investment Company
Thrivent Investment Management, Inc.
Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.
Treasury Curve, LLC
U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.
UBS Financial Services Inc.
UBS Securities LLC
UMB Financial Services, Inc.
USI Securities Inc.
Valor Financial Securities LLC
Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Vining-Sparks IBG, Limited Partnership
Vision Financial Markets, LLC
Voya Financial Partners, LLC
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wayne Hummer Investments LLC
Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC
Westport Resources Investment Services, Inc.
Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
UNDERWRITING COMMISSIONS
The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges and/or contingent deferred sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class F Shares and the amount retained by the Distributor for the last three fiscal years ended August 31:
  2016 2015 2014
  Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Class A Shares $487,638 $75,499 $498,351 $57,799 $382,460 $57,864
Class B Shares $19,137 $19,048 $19,389 $18,547 $29,817 $26,163
Class C Shares $7,307 $7,307 $7,312 $7,312 $2,423 $2,423
Class F Shares $225,862 $15,062 $135,193 $19,472 $164,106 $40,354
Purchases In-Kind
You may contact the Distributor to request a purchase of Shares using securities you own. The Fund reserves the right to determine whether to accept your securities and the minimum market value to accept. The Fund will value your securities in the same manner as it values its assets. An in-kind purchase may be treated as a sale of your securities for federal tax purposes; please consult your tax adviser regarding potential tax liability.
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Subaccounting Services
Certain financial intermediaries may wish to use the transfer agent's subaccounting system to minimize their internal recordkeeping requirements. The transfer agent may charge a fee based on the level of subaccounting services rendered. Financial intermediaries holding Shares in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity may charge or pass through subaccounting fees as part of or in addition to normal trust or agency account fees. They may also charge fees for other services that may be related to the ownership of Shares. This information should, therefore, be read together with any agreement between the customer and the financial intermediary about the services provided, the fees charged for those services and any restrictions and limitations imposed.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund generally intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right, on its own initiative or in response to a shareholder request, to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Because the Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund is obligated to pay Share redemptions to any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets represented by such Share class during any 90-day period.
Any Share redemption payment greater than this amount will also be in cash unless the Fund elects to pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio securities, valued in the same way as the Fund determines its NAV.
Redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. Shareholders receiving the portfolio securities could have difficulty selling them, may incur related transaction costs and would be subject to risks of fluctuations in the securities' values prior to sale.
Massachusetts Partnership Law
Under certain circumstances, shareholders may be held personally liable as partners under Massachusetts law for obligations of the Trust. To protect its shareholders, the Trust has filed legal documents with Massachusetts that expressly disclaim the liability of its shareholders for acts or obligations of the Trust.
In the unlikely event a shareholder is held personally liable for the Trust's obligations, the Trust is required by the Declaration of Trust to use its property to protect or compensate the shareholder. On request, the Trust will defend any claim made and pay any judgment against a shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust. Therefore, financial loss resulting from liability as a shareholder will occur only if the Trust itself cannot meet its obligations to indemnify shareholders and pay judgments against them.
Account and Share Information
Voting Rights
Each Share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Trustee elections and other matters submitted to shareholders for vote.
All Shares of the Trust have equal voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular Fund or class, only shares of that Fund or class are entitled to vote.
Trustees may be removed by the Board or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders will be called by the Board upon the written request of shareholders who own at least 10% of the Trust's outstanding Shares of all series entitled to vote.
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class A Shares: Edward Jones & Co., St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 5,479,462 Shares (19.04%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 2,810,538 Shares (9.76%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 2,724,637 Shares (9.46%); First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 2,632,632 Shares (9.14%); American Enterprise Inv. Svc., Minneapolis, MN, owned approximately 2,069,966 Shares (7.19%); and Raymond James, St. Petersburg, FL, owned approximately 1,564,643 Shares (5.43%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class B Shares: First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 291,376 Shares (22.35%); Edward Jones & Co., St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 232,926 Shares (17.87%); Raymond James, St. Petersburg, FL, owned approximately 134,435 Shares (10.31%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 131,478 Shares (10.08%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 126,197 Shares (9.68%); and MLPF&S, Jacksonville, FL, owned approximately 90,382 Shares (6.93%).
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As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class C Shares: First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 1,659,960 Shares (19.86%); Raymond James, St. Petersburg, FL, owned approximately 1,229,810 Shares (14.71%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 1,176,788 Shares (14.08%); MLPF&S, Jacksonville, FL, owned approximately 1,167,024 Shares (13.96%); Edward Jones & Co., St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 522,511 Shares (6.25%); Charles Schwab & Co., San Francisco, CA, owned approximately 507,133 Shares (6.06%); Morgan Stanley & Co., Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 466,005 Shares (5.57%); and Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 423,213 Shares (5.06%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class F Shares: Edward D. Jones & Co., St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 6,920,192 Shares (30.01%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 6,446,722 Shares (27.96%); MLPF&S, Jacksonville, FL, owned approximately 1,673,519 Shares (7.25%); First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 1,262,648 Shares (5.47%); and National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 1,197,609 Shares (5.19%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Institutional Shares: UBS WM USA, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 3,250,554 Shares (26.38%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 1,653,610 Shares (13.42%); Raymond James, St. Petersburg, FL, owned approximately 1,255,311 Shares (10.18%); First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 1,254,165 Shares (10.18%); Ledyard & Co., Hanover, NH, owned approximately 1,138,372 Shares (9.24%); Morgan Stanley & Co., Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 1,036,418 Shares (8.41%); and TD Ameritrade Inc., Omaha, NE, owned approximately 621,842 Shares (5.04%).
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
Edward Jones & Co. is organized in the state of Missouri and is a subsidiary of Jones Financial Companies organized in the state of Missouri.
Pershing LLC is organized in the state of Delaware, and is a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, organized in the state of Delaware.
UBS WM USA is organized in the state of Delaware, and is a subsidiary of UBS AG, organized in Switzerland.
Tax Information
Federal Income Tax
The Fund intends to meet requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies. If these requirements are not met, it will not receive special tax treatment and will be subject to federal corporate income tax.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax purposes so that income earned and capital gains and losses realized by the Trust's other portfolios will be separate from those realized by the Fund.
The Fund is entitled to a loss carryforward, which may reduce the taxable income or gain that the Fund would realize, and to which the shareholder would be subject, in the future.
Tax Basis Information
The Fund's Transfer Agent is required to provide you with the cost basis information on the sale of any of your Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.
Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?
Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible for managing the Trust's business affairs and for exercising all the Trust's powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Trustee and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Trustees) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Trustees). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Trustees listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2015, the Trust comprised five portfolios, and the Federated Fund Complex consisted of 38 investment companies (comprising 122 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee oversees all portfolios in the Federated Fund Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
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As of October 4, 2016, the Fund's Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of each class of the Fund's outstanding Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares, Class F Shares and Institutional Shares.
qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
■  Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
■  Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board's current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
■  No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
■  Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
■  Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
■  Diversity of background.
Interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Passport Research, Ltd. (investment advisory subsidiary of Federated); Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.
$0 $0
John B. Fisher*
Birth Date: May 16, 1956
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: May 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Director/Trustee and CEO, Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company; President and CEO of Passport Research, Ltd.; President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex and Director, Federated Investors Trust Company.
Qualifications: President and Director of the Institutional Sales Division of Federated Securities Corp.; President and Director of Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Edgewood Securities Corp.; Director, Federated Services Company; Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. and President, Technology, Federated Services Company.
$0 $0
* Reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and John B. Fisher are interested due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Investors, Inc. and due to positions they hold with Federated and its subsidiaries. J. Christopher Donahue is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman Emeritus of the Federated Funds.
20

Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee member, KLX Corp.
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm). Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp.; Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$693.37 $261,250
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2015
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Publix Super Markets, Inc.; Director, Equifax, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hough is an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association; he serves on the President's Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama and is on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University.
$800.06 $107,540.05
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2009
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; Adjunct Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously served as: Associate General Secretary, Diocese of Pittsburgh; a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania; and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green also holds the positions on either a public or not for profit Board of Directors as follows: Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, St. Vincent Seminary; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; Director, Saint Vincent College; and Director and Chair, Cardinal Wuerl North Catholic High School, Inc. Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; and Director, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.
$693.37 $261,250
Peter E. Madden
Birth Date: March 16, 1942
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1991
Principal Occupation: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Madden has served in several business management, mutual fund services and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Madden previously served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, State Street Bank and Trust Company (custodian bank) and State Street Corporation (financial services). He was Director, VISA USA and VISA International; and Chairman and Director, Massachusetts Bankers Association. Mr. Madden served as Director, Depository Trust Corporation; and Director, The Boston Stock Exchange. Mr. Madden also served as a Representative to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Court.
$847.31 $322,500
21

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Birth Date: April 10, 1945
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: January 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Mansfield has served in several banking, business management and educational roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Mansfield previously served as Chief Executive Officer, PBTC International Bank; Partner, Arthur Young & Company (now Ernst & Young LLP); Chief Financial Officer of Retail Banking Sector, Chase Manhattan Bank; Senior Vice President, HSBC Bank USA (formerly, Marine Midland Bank); Vice President, Citibank; Assistant Professor of Banking and Finance, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University; Executive Vice President DVC Group, Inc. (marketing, communications and technology).
$630.34 $237,500
Thomas M. O'Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2006
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Fund Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O'Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O'Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity and Director, The Golisano Children's Museum of Naples, Florida. Mr. O'Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); and Director, Midway Pacific (lumber).
$741.60 $261,250
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey serves as Board Member, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Board member, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$630.34 $237,500
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: June 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$660.72 $286,250
22

OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
John W. McGonigle
Birth Date: October 26, 1938
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Officer since: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.
Previous Positions: Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Services Company and Federated Securities Corp.
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
Treasurer
Officer since: April 2013
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Fund Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp. and Edgewood Services, Inc.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc.
Richard B. Fisher
Birth Date: May 17, 1923
Vice Chairman
Officer since: August 2002
Principal Occupations: Vice Chairman or Vice President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman, Federated Securities Corp.
Previous Positions: President and Director or Trustee of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Executive Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Securities Corp.
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
Officer since: January 2005
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer of the Federated Fund Complex. He is General Counsel and Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Federated Administrative Services and Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Investors, Inc.
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: July 2015
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Investors, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Investors, Inc. Prior to joining Federated, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
Chief Investment Officer
Officer since: February 2010
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated's taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
* Officers do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
In addition, the Fund has appointed an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. Effective August 16, 2013, in the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. Directors/Trustees Emeritus appointed prior to August 16, 2013 are paid 20% of the annual base compensation. In addition, the Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials
23

concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund's most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Trust
(past fiscal year)
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
John F. Donahue
Chairman Emeritus
$0.00 $0.00
John T. Conroy, Jr. $102.99 $47,500.00
Nicholas Constantakis $102.99 $47,500.00
Robert J. Nicholson $102.99 $47,411.19
James F. Will $102.99 $47,500.00
1 The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time.
BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive J. Christopher Donahue
Peter E. Madden
John S. Walsh
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. One
Audit John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O'Neill
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund's financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund's internal audit function. Ten
24

Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Nominating John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Peter E. Madden
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Thomas M. O'Neill
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund's Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund's agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund's address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate's qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. One
BOARD'S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board's role in overseeing the Fund's general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated's Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund's financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund's Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated's Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2015
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue None Over $100,000
John B. Fisher None Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
   
John T. Collins None Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough None $50,001-$100,000
Maureen Lally-Green None Over $100,000
Peter E. Madden None Over $100,000
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. None Over $100,000
Thomas M. O'Neill None Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey None Over $100,000
John S. Walsh None Over $100,000
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Trust.
25

Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager's compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers' compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund's Portfolio Managers is provided as of the end of the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
Lee Cunningham II, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Lee Cunningham II
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 3/$450.3 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Lee Cunningham II is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts, and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (e.g., S&P Municipal 25% A & Higher/25%BBB/50% High Yield with 10% Tobacco cap). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Cunningham is also the portfolio manager for other accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts for which Mr. Cunningham is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP currently is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund or account managed by the portfolio manager is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts or funds used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Additionally, a portion of Mr. Cunningham's IPP score is based on the performance for which he provides research and analytic support. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to Fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
In addition, Lee Cunningham was awarded a grant of restricted Federated stock. Awards of restricted stock are discretionary and are made in variable amounts based on the subjective judgment of Federated's senior management.
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Richard J. Gallo, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Richard J. Gallo
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 3/$1.1 billion
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: $10,001-$50,000.
Richard J. Gallo is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (i.e., S&P Municipal 25% A & Higher/25%BBB/50% High Yield with 10% Tobacco cap). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Gallo is also the portfolio manager for other funds or accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which Mr. Gallo is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund or account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts or funds or activities used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). In addition, Mr. Gallo serves on one or more Investment Teams that establishes guidelines on various performance drivers (e.g., currency, duration, sector, volatility and/or yield curve) for taxable, fixed income products. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to Fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
In addition, Mr. Gallo was awarded a grant of restricted Federated stock. Awards of restricted stock are discretionary and are made in variable amounts based on the subjective judgment of Federated's senior management.
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by SEC rules, the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
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Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund's portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser's policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Adviser's general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the General Policy.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company's voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
On matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of: (1) a proposal to require a company's audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; (2) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; in favor of shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (3) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (4) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (5) a proposal to ratify the board's selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (6) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (7) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; (8) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (9) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”); (10) the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election, but against any director who: (a) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (b) serves as the company's chief financial officer; (c) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (d) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (e) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (f) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year.
On matters of capital structure, generally the Adviser will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.
On matters relating to management compensation, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (3) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will vote proxies consistent with the General Policy. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors based upon its analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy and the expected impact on the long-term value of the securities being voted. The Adviser generally votes proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company's board. The Adviser believes that a company's board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. However, the Adviser would vote for shareholder proposals not supported by the company's board that the Adviser regards as: (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the total return of the voted security; and (b) unlikely to be adopted by the company's board in the absence of shareholder direction.
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In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee's behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser's investment professionals, as necessary; bringing requests to the Proxy Committee from the Adviser's investment professionals for voting contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.
The Adviser has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of the Adviser's clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by the Adviser); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee's final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote. A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund's Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did. Alternatively, the Proxy Committee may seek direction from the Fund's Board on how a proposal concerning an Interested Company shall be voted, and shall follow any such direction provided by the Board. In seeking such direction, the Proxy Committee will disclose the reason such company is considered an Interested Company and may provide a recommendation on how such proposal should be voted and the basis for such recommendation.
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In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders' meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the client's proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund.
Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company's outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company's securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers' Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders' meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
■  A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
■  Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include: identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual Shareholder Report and Semi-Annual Shareholder Report contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
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The disclosure policy of the Fund and the Adviser prohibits the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to any investor or intermediary before the same information is made available to other investors. Employees of the Adviser or its affiliates who have access to nonpublic information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings are prohibited from trading securities on the basis of this information. Such persons must report all personal securities trades and obtain pre-clearance for all personal securities trades other than mutual fund shares.
Firms that provide administrative, custody, financial, accounting, legal or other services to the Fund may receive nonpublic information about Fund portfolio holdings for purposes relating to their services. The Fund may also provide portfolio holdings information to publications that rate, rank or otherwise categorize investment companies. Traders or portfolio managers may provide “interest” lists to facilitate portfolio trading if the list reflects only that subset of the portfolio for which the trader or portfolio manager is seeking market interest. A list of service providers, publications and other third parties who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information appears in the Appendix to this SAI.
The furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to any third party (other than authorized governmental or regulatory personnel) requires the prior approval of the President of the Adviser and of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. The President of the Adviser and the Chief Compliance Officer will approve the furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In that regard, and to address possible conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of the Adviser and its affiliates, the following procedures apply. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Adviser, any affiliate of the Adviser or any of their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Before information is furnished, the third party must sign a written agreement that it will safeguard the confidentiality of the information, will use it only for the purposes for which it is furnished and will not use it in connection with the trading of any security. Persons approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information will receive it as often as necessary for the purpose for which it is provided. Such information may be furnished as frequently as daily and often with no time lag between the date of the information and the date it is furnished. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information and the purposes for which it is furnished.
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable price. Fixed-income securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a security. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund's Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. When the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investment decisions, and trading, for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser are generally made, and conducted, independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance, recordkeeping and financial reporting services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS provides Administrative Services for a fee based upon the rates set forth below paid on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For purposes of determining the appropriate rate breakpoint, “Investment Complex” is defined as all of the Federated Funds subject to a fee under the Administrative Services Agreement with FAS. FAS is also entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
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Administrative Services
Fee Rate
Average Daily Net Assets
of the Investment Complex
0.150 of 1% on the first $5 billion
0.125 of 1% on the next $5 billion
0.100 of 1% on the next $10 billion
0.075 of 1% on assets over $20 billion
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, New York, New York, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund's financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
FEES PAID BY THE FUND FOR SERVICES
For the Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014
Advisory Fee Earned $3,695,342 $3,302,283 $2,856,315
Advisory Fee Reduction $857,697 $806,511 $790,309
Net Administrative Fee $481,720 $430,718 $371,967
Net 12b-1 Fee:      
Class A Shares
Class B Shares $90,325 $93,954 $104,093
Class C Shares $523,247 $444,430 $389,535
Class F Shares
Net Shareholder Services Fee:      
Class A Shares $629,349 $574,016 $547,936
Class B Shares $30,108 $31,318 $34,698
Class C Shares $174,416 $148,163 $129,845
Class F Shares $495,768 $478,250 $449,116
Fees are allocated among classes based on their pro rata share of Fund assets, except for marketing (“Rule 12b-1”) fees and shareholder services fees, which are borne only by the applicable class of Shares.
Financial Information
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund dated August 31, 2016.
Investment Ratings
Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) LONG-TERM Issue RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations: the likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; the nature of and provisions of the obligation; and the protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
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AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
S&P Rating Outlook
An S& P rating outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in the economic and/or fundamental business conditions.
Positive—Positive means that a rating may be raised.
Negative—Negative means that a rating may be lowered.
Stable—Stable means that a rating is not likely to change.
Developing—Developing means a rating may be raised or lowered.
N.M.—N.M. means not meaningful.
S&P Short-Term Issue RATINGS
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the United States, for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper.
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
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A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
MOODY'S Investor Services, Inc. (MOODY's) LONG-TERM RATINGS
Moody's long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
MOODY'S Short-Term RATINGS
Moody's short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
FITCH, INC. (Fitch) LONG-TERM Debt RATINGs
Fitch long-term ratings report Fitch's opinion on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the rating is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, Fitch long-term ratings also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality—“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality—“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality—“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
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BBB: Good Credit Quality—“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative—“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative—“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk—Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk—Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk—Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.
RD: Restricted Default—“RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default—“D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
FITCH SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGs
A Fitch short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality—Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality—Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality—The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality—Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk—Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default—Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default—Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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A.M. BEST Company, Inc. (a.m. best) LONG-TERM DEBT and Preferred Stock RATINGS
A Best's long-term debt rating is Best's independent opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its ongoing financial obligations to security holders when due.
aaa: Exceptional—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an exceptional ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
aa: Very Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a very strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
a: Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
bbb: Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to meet the terms of the obligation; however, the issue is more susceptible to changes in economic or other conditions.
bb: Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin or principal and interest payment protection and vulnerability to economic changes.
b: Very Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has very speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin of principal and interest payment protection and extreme vulnerability to economic changes.
ccc, cc, c: Extremely Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has extremely speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a minimal margin of principal and interest payment protection and/or limited ability to withstand adverse changes in economic or other conditions.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
Ratings from “aa” to “ccc” may be enhanced with a “+” (plus) or “-” (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category.
A.M. BEST SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS
A Best's short-term debt rating is Best's opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its financial obligations having original maturities of generally less than one year, such as commercial paper.
AMB-1+ Strongest—Assigned to issues where the issuer has the strongest ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-1 Outstanding—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an outstanding ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-2 Satisfactory—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a satisfactory ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-3 Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to repay short-term debt obligations; however, adverse economic conditions likely will reduce the issuer's capacity to meet its financial commitments.
AMB-4 Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics and is vulnerable to adverse economic or other external changes, which could have a marked impact on the company's ability to meet its financial commitments.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
A.M. Best Rating Modifiers
Both long- and short-term credit ratings can be assigned a modifier.
u—Indicates the rating may change in the near term, typically within six months. Generally is event-driven, with positive, negative or developing implications.
pd—Indicates ratings assigned to a company that chose not to participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process. (Discontinued in 2010)
i—Indicates rating assigned is indicative.
A.M. BEST RATING OUTLOOK
A.M. Best Credit Ratings are assigned a Rating Outlook that indicates the potential direction of a credit rating over an intermediate term, generally defined as the next 12 to 36 months.
Positive—Indicates possible ratings upgrade due to favorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Negative—Indicates possible ratings downgrade due to unfavorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Stable—Indicates low likelihood of rating change due to stable financial/market trends.
Not Rated
Certain nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) may designate certain issues as NR, meaning that the issue or obligation is not rated.
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Addresses
Federated Municipal High Yield Advantage Fund
Class A Shares
Class B Shares
Class C Shares
Class F Shares
Institutional Shares
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp.
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Wall Street
New York, NY 10286
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111
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Appendix
The following is a list of persons, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information concerning the Federated Fund Complex; however, certain persons below might not receive such information concerning the Fund:
CUSTODIAN(S)
The Bank of New York Mellon
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP
LEGAL COUNSEL
Goodwin Procter LLP
K&L Gates LLP
Financial Printer(S)
RR Donnelley & Sons Company
Proxy Voting Administrator
Glass Lewis & Co.
SECURITY PRICING SERVICES
Interactive Data Corporation
Markit Group Limited
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Thomson Reuters Corporation
RATINGS AGENCIES
Fitch, Inc.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Other SERVICE PROVIDERS
Other types of service providers that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information include service providers offering, for example, trade order management systems, portfolio analytics, or performance and accounting systems, such as:
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Barclays Inc.
Bloomberg L.P.
Citibank, N.A.
Electra Information Systems
Informa Investment Solutions, Inc.
Investortools, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc.
MSCI Inc.
SunGard Data Systems Inc.
The Yield Book, Inc.
Wolters Kluwer N.V.
38
Statement of Additional Information
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A MMIFX
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
1041202B (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark
of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus. Read this SAI in conjunction with the Prospectus for Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust (“Fund”), dated October 31, 2016.
This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund's Annual Report. Obtain the Prospectus or the Annual Report without charge by calling 1-800-341-7400.


How is the Fund Organized?
The Fund is a non-diversified portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (“Trust”). The Trust is an open-end, management investment company that was established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on August 6, 1990. The Trust may offer separate series of shares representing interests in separate portfolios of securities.
The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (“Adviser”).
Securities in Which the Fund Invests
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Securities Descriptions And Techniques
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer's earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security's yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security's yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following further describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest.
Municipal Notes (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal notes are short-term, tax-exempt securities. Many municipalities issue such notes to fund their current operations before collecting taxes or other municipal revenues. Municipalities may also issue notes to fund capital projects prior to issuing long-term bonds. The issuers typically repay the notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with taxes, other revenues or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds.
Municipal Auction Rate Securities (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal auction rate securities are tax-exempt securities that are issued (without a demand feature) generally for a specified term, during which the interest rate may be reset at specified intervals (such as, for example, every 7, 28, 35 or 49 days) by means of a “Dutch Auction” or similar competitive process. These securities may be referred to as “municipal auction rate notes.” In the auction, holders of such securities, and investors who seek to acquire such securities, indicate their interest in continuing to hold, or to purchase, the securities at rates that they specify to broker-dealers that serve as auction agents for the auction. If the auction is successful, a holder of such securities will be able to sell them at par value through the auction process. A “failed auction” occurs when, for example, the auction agent does not receive enough bids to cover the aggregate amount of securities that have been put up for sale at the auction, or the lowest interest rate at which all of the securities that have been put up for sale at the auction would be above the “maximum interest rate” set forth in the documentation for the securities, or some other reason. When a failed auction occurs, a holder of the securities may not be able to sell all or a portion of the securities it desired to sell at the auction, in which case the affected securities would pay the maximum interest rate set forth in their documentation until the next successful auction. The maximum interest rate may be a multiple of a specified index or a fixed rate, and may be dependent on other factors, such as the credit rating of the securities at the time of the auction. Municipal auction rate securities may be subject to interest rate, credit, credit enhancement, prepayment, liquidity and economic risks.
Variable Rate Demand Instruments (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Variable rate demand instruments are tax-exempt securities that require the issuer or a third party, such as a dealer or bank (the “Demand Provider”), to repurchase the security for its face value upon demand. The securities also pay interest at a variable rate intended to cause the securities to trade at their face value. Some variable rate demand instruments are “conditional,” so that the occurrence of certain conditions discharges the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security. Other variable rate demand instruments are “unconditional,” so that there are no conditions under which the Demand Provider's obligation to
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repurchase the security can terminate. The Fund treats variable rate demand instruments as short-term securities even though their maturity may extend beyond 397 days because, within 397 days, their variable interest rate adjusts in response to changes in market rates and the repayment of their principal amount can be demanded. Certain variable rate demand instruments that may be invested in by the Fund, referred to as “synthetic” variable rate demand instruments, have certain features, such as call features, that make it possible that the Fund will realize capital gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates or other similar securities. Asset-backed securities have prepayment risks.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax-exempt commercial paper is an obligation issued by a tax-exempt issuer with a maturity of generally less than nine months. Tax-exempt issuers may issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures or other permissible activities. Tax-exempt issuers may constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or other sources) to repay maturing paper. If the tax-exempt issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, and if there is not another available source of liquidity, its commercial paper may default or there may be a reduction in payments received in repayment of the tax-exempt commercial paper.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices, or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts, (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close-out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
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The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Interest Rate Futures
An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing, fixed-income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments. An index is usually computed by a sum product of a list of the designated Reference Instruments' current prices and a list of weights assigned to these Reference Instruments.
Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future, security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy the following types of options:
Call Options
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
■  Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
■  Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names.
Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
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Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Buyer”) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Seller”) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Caps and Floors (A Type of Swap Contract)
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies and/or managing its uninvested cash. These other investment companies are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of this approach should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund's portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund's ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case, all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
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Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Notes (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund's return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund's custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Reverse repurchase agreements (which are considered a type of special transaction for asset segregation purposes) are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Third-Party Lending Arrangements
Inter-Fund Borrowing
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has granted an exemption that permits the Fund and all other funds advised by subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated funds”) to lend and borrow money for certain temporary purposes directly to and from other Federated funds. Participation in this inter-fund lending program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending Federated funds, and an inter-fund loan is only made if it benefits each participating Federated fund. Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”) administers the program according to procedures approved by the Fund's Board, and the Board monitors the operation of the program. Any inter-fund loan must comply with certain conditions set out in the exemption, which are designed to assure fairness and protect all participating Federated funds.
For example, inter-fund lending is permitted only: (a) to meet shareholder redemption requests; (b) to meet commitments arising from “failed” trades; and (c) for other temporary purposes. All inter-fund loans must be repaid in seven days or less. The Fund's participation in this program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations, and must meet certain percentage tests. Inter-fund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more attractive to the lending Federated fund than market-competitive rates on overnight repurchase agreements (“Repo Rate”) and more attractive to the borrowing Federated fund than the rate of interest that would be charged by an unaffiliated bank for short-term borrowings (“Bank Loan Rate”), as determined by the Board. The interest rate imposed on inter-fund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
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Third-Party Line of Credit
The Fund participates with certain other Federated Funds, on a several basis, in an up to $500,000,000 unsecured, 364-day, committed, revolving line of credit (LOC) agreement. The LOC was made available to finance temporarily the repurchase or redemption of shares of the Fund, failed trades, payment of dividends, settlement of trades and for other short-term, temporary or emergency general business purposes. The Fund cannot borrow under the LOC if an inter-fund loan is outstanding. The Fund's ability to borrow under the LOC also is subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and various conditions precedent that must be satisfied before the Fund can borrow. Loans under the LOC are charged interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest, on any day, of: (a) (i) the federal funds effective rate; (ii) the one month London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR); and (iii) 0.0%; plus (b) a margin. The LOC also requires the Fund to pay, quarterly in arrears and at maturity, its pro rata share of a commitment fee based on the amount of the lenders' commitment that has not been utilized. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there were no outstanding loans. During the most recently ended fiscal year the Fund did not utilize the LOC.
Asset Segregation
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and SEC staff positions regarding the interpretation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), with respect to derivatives that create a future payment obligation of the Fund, the Fund must “set aside” (referred to sometimes as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures, while the derivative contracts are open. For example, with respect to forwards and futures contracts that are not contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund must cover its open positions by setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the contracts' full, notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside cash or readily marketable securities in an amount equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market (“net”) obligations, if any (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the notional value.
The Fund will employ another approach to segregating assets to cover options that it sells. If the Fund sells a call option, the Fund will set aside either the Reference Instrument subject to the option, cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the current market value of the Reference Instrument. In no event, will the value of the cash or readily marketable securities set aside by the Fund be less than the exercise price of the call option. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the exercise price of the put option.
The Fund's asset segregation approach for swap agreements varies among different types of swaps. For example, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Buyer, then it will set aside cash or readily marketable securities necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations under the swap. By comparison, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Seller, then the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional amount of the swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a Credit Event. For some other types of swaps, such as interest rate swaps, the Fund will calculate the obligations of the counterparties to the swap on a net basis. Consequently, the Fund's current obligation (or rights) under this type of swap will equal only the net amount to be paid or received based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap (the “net amount”). The net amount currently owed by or to the Fund will be accrued daily and the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to any accrued but unpaid net amount owed by the Fund under the swap.
The Fund may reduce the liquid assets segregated to cover obligations under a derivative contract by entering into an offsetting derivative contract. For example, if the Fund sells a put option for the same Reference Instrument as a call option the Fund has sold, and the exercise price of the call option is the same as or higher than the exercise price of the put option, then the Fund may net its obligations under the options and set aside cash or readily marketable securities (including any margin deposited for the options) with a value equal to the greater of: (a) the current market value of the Reference Instrument deliverable under the call option; or (b) the exercise price of the put option.
By setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to only its net obligations under swaps and certain cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional value of such contracts. The use of leverage involves certain risks. See “Investment Risks.” Unless the Fund has other cash or readily marketable securities to set aside, it cannot trade assets set aside in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions without entering into an offsetting derivative contract or terminating a special transaction. This may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities or to realize losses on derivative contracts or special transactions. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions articulated from time to time by the SEC and its staff.
Generally, special transactions do not cash-settle on a net basis. Consequently, with respect to special transactions, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the Fund's obligations.
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Temporary Investments
The Fund may make temporary investments in taxable, fixed-income securities and the following other taxable securities (in addition to taxable repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement investments):
Treasury Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Bank Instruments (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Bank instruments are unsecured interest-bearing deposits with banks. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, bank accounts, time deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances. Yankee instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by non-U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks.
Government Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Tennessee Valley Authority in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
Investors regard government securities as having minimal credit risks, but not as low as Treasury securities.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee helps protect against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Additional Information Related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets beginning in 2008 led to market concerns regarding the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator's appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the Treasury has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The senior preferred stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Although the SPAs are subject to amendment from time to time, currently the Treasury is obligated to provide such financial contributions up to an aggregate maximum amount determined by a formula set forth in the SPAs, and until such aggregate maximum amount is reached, there is not a specific end date to the Treasury's obligations.
The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's operations and activities under the SPAs, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, downgrades or upgrades in the credit ratings assigned to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or ratings services, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
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In addition, the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and other U.S. government-sponsored enterprises that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (GSEs), remains in question as the U.S. government continues to consider options ranging from structural reform, nationalization, privatization or consolidation, to outright elimination. The issues that have led to significant U.S. government support for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have sparked serious debate regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing mortgage loan liquidity.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The credit risk of corporate debt securities vary widely across issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Commercial Paper (A Type of Corporate Debt Security)
Commercial paper is an issuer's obligation with a maturity of less than nine months. Companies typically issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures. Most issuers constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or bank loans) to repay maturing paper. If the issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, its commercial paper may default. The short maturity of commercial paper generally reduces both the market and credit risks as compared to other debt securities of the same issuer.
Investment Risks
There are many risk factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund's principal risks are described in its Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Prepayment Risk
Like municipal mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (including fixed-income or tax-exempt securities that are pooled or collateralized) may be subject to prepayment risks and the possibility that interest and other payments may not be made. Such investments also may be subject to interest rate, credit and the other risks described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument
9

declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund's Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
Risk Associated with the Investment Activities of Other Accounts
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions and/or the Fund's ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund's shareholders, and the Fund's service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), infection from or spread of malware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, and attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website or internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events consistently. Cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund's business operations or performance. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. A cyber-event may cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate the Fund's NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments to lose value. The Fund's Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events, however, there is no guarantee that the efforts of the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially. Among other reasons, the nature of malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund's Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
Investment Objective (and Policies) and Investment Limitations
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax and personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Michigan and Michigan municipalities. The fundamental investment objective and policy may not be changed by the Fund's Board without shareholder approval.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Borrowing Money and Issuing Senior Securities
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
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Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Investing in Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, provided that the Fund may purchase securities of companies that deal in commodities.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.
Lending Cash or Securities
The Fund may not make loans, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, lending its assets to broker/dealers or institutional investors and investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.
Concentration of Investments
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. Government securities, municipal securities and bank instruments will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Buying on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not purchase securities for which there is no readily available market, or enter into repurchase agreements or purchase time deposits that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, if immediately after and as a result, the value of such securities would exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund's net assets.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest in securities subject to restrictions on resale under the Securities Act of 1933.
Additional Information
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation.
In applying the Fund's commodities limitation, investments in transactions involving futures contracts and options, forward currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts that settle by payment of cash are not deemed to be investments in commodities. In applying the Fund's concentration restriction: (a) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (b) financial service companies will be classified according to the end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; and (c) asset-backed securities will be classified according to the underlying assets
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securing such securities. To conform to the current view of the SEC that only domestic bank instruments may be excluded from industry concentration limitations, as a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Fund will not exclude foreign bank instruments from industry concentration limits as long as the policy of the SEC remains in effect. The Fund will consider concentration to be the investment of more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
What Do Shares Cost?
Determining Market Value of Securities
A Share's net asset value (NAV) is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV by valuing its assets, subtracting its liabilities and dividing the balance by the number of Shares outstanding. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such fixed-income securities are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers.
■  Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
■  OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
■  Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund's NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from one or more currency dealers.
The Fund follows procedures that are common in the mutual fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share or errors that did not result in net dilution to the Fund.
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Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
Pricing Service Valuations. Based on the recommendations of the Valuation Committee, the Board has authorized the Fund, subject to Board oversight, to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer's operations or liquidation.
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the prices bid and asked for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment's “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment's fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer's financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment's value.
The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to Board oversight. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of an investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Significant Events. The Board has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment's value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
■  With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
■  Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
■  Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer's operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer's industry.
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The Board has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to determine the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets when the Adviser determines that there has been a significant trend in the U.S. equity markets or in index futures trading. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board has ultimate responsibility for any fair valuations made in response to a significant event.
How is the Fund Sold?
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor (Federated Securities Corp.) offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis.
Additional Payments To Financial Intermediaries
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators. In some cases, such payments may be made by, or funded from the resources of, companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). While Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) regulations limit the sales charges that you may bear, there are no limits with regard to the amounts that the Distributor may pay out of its own resources. In addition to the payments which are generally described herein and in the Prospectus, the financial intermediary also may receive Service Fees. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. The same financial intermediaries may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments assist in the Distributor's efforts to support the sale of Shares. These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Federated funds and any services it provides, as well as the fees and/or commissions it charges.
The categories of additional payments are described below.
Supplemental Payments
The Distributor may make supplemental payments to certain financial intermediaries that are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Federated funds. These payments may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary.
Processing Support Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries that sell Federated fund shares to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement processing and transaction processing. The types of payments that the Distributor may make under this category include: payment of ticket charges on a per-transaction basis; payment of networking fees; and payment for ancillary services such as setting up funds on the financial intermediary's mutual fund trading system.
Retirement Plan Program Servicing Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries who sell Federated fund shares through retirement plan programs. A financial intermediary may perform retirement plan program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform retirement plan program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting or transaction processing, retirement plan program services may include: services rendered to a plan in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring; employee enrollment and education; plan balance rollover or separation; or other similar services.
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Marketing Support Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of Shares. Such compensation, provided by the Distributor, may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client entertainment, client and investor events and other financial intermediary-sponsored events.
The Distributor also may hold or sponsor, at its expense, sales events, conferences and programs for employees or associated persons of financial intermediaries and may pay the travel and lodging expenses of attendees. The Distributor also may provide, at its expense, meals and entertainment in conjunction with meetings with financial intermediaries. Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state law or regulations, or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. These payments may vary depending on the nature of the event or the relationship.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the following is a list of FINRA member firms that received additional payments from the Distributor or an affiliate. Additional payments may also be made to certain other financial intermediaries that are not FINRA member firms that sell Federated fund shares or provide services to the Federated funds and shareholders. These firms are not included in this list. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the member firms identified in this list that have occurred since December 31, 2015, are not reflected. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any additional payments it receives from the Distributor.
Academy Securities, Inc.
ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.
Amegy Investments Inc.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services Inc.
Apex Clearing Corporation
AssetMark Trust Company
AXA Advisors, LLC
B.C. Ziegler And Company
Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.
Barclays Capital Inc.
BB&T Securities, LLC
BCG Securities, Inc.
BMO Harris Financial Advisors, Inc.
BNP Paribas Securities Corporation
Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.
Broadridge Business Process Outsourcing, LLC
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc.
Capital Financial Services, Inc.
Capital Guardian, LLC
Capital One Investing, LLC
Cary Street Partners, LLC
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Cetera Advisors LLC
Cetera Investment Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Company, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Comerica Securities, Inc.
Commonwealth Financial Network
COR Clearing LLC
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Cuso Financial Services, L.P.
D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davenport & Company LLC
David Lerner Associates, Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
DST Market Services, LLC
Edward D. Jones & Co., LP
FBL Marketing Services, LLC
Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc.
Fifth Third Securities, Inc.
First Allied Securities, Inc.
First Southwest Company
Fort Pitt Capital Group Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation
Goldman, Sachs, & Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.
Hand Securities, Inc.
H. Beck, Inc.
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc.
HefrenTillotson, Inc.
Henderson Global Investors Limited
HighTower Securities LLC
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Independent Financial Group, LLC
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC
INTL FCStone Securities, Inc.
Intrust Brokerage Inc.
Invest Financial Corporation
Investment Professionals, Inc.
JHS Capital Advisors, LLC
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC
JPMorgan Securities LLC
JP Turner & Company, LLC
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
Jefferies, LLC
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc.
KMS Financial Services, Inc.
Kovack Securities Inc.
Legend Equities Corporation
Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation
Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.
Lockton Financial Advisors LLC
 
 
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LPL Financial LLC
M&T Securities Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated
Mesirow Financial, Inc.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Mid Atlantic Capital Corp.
Midwestern Securities Trading Company, LLC
MML Investors Services, Inc.
Moors & Cabot, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
Multi-Bank Securities
National Financial Services LLC
National Planning Corporation
Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Newport Coast Securities, Inc.
NFP Securities, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC
NYLIFE Distributors LLC
Ohio National Equities, Inc.
Oneamerica Securities, Inc.
Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.
PCBB Capital Markets, LLC
People's Securities, Inc.
Pershing LLC
Piper Jaffray & Co.
Planmember Securities Corporation
Planned Investment Co., Inc.
PNC Investments LLC
Princor Financial Services Corporation
Prospera Financial Services, Inc.
Prudential Insurance Company of America The
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc.
Royal Alliance Associates Inc.
SagePoint Financial, Inc.
Securian Financial Services, Inc.
Securities America, Inc.
Securities Service Network, Inc.
Security Distributors Inc.
SG Americas Securities, LLC
Sigma Financial Corporation
SII Investments, Inc.
State Street Global Markets, LLC
Stephens Inc.
Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.
SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
SunGard Brokerage & Securities Services, LLC
Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
Synovus Securities, Inc.
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
The Huntington Investment Company
Thrivent Investment Management, Inc.
Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.
Treasury Curve, LLC
U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.
UBS Financial Services Inc.
UBS Securities LLC
UMB Financial Services, Inc.
USI Securities Inc.
Valor Financial Securities LLC
Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Vining-Sparks IBG, Limited Partnership
Vision Financial Markets, LLC
Voya Financial Partners, LLC
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wayne Hummer Investments LLC
Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC
Westport Resources Investment Services, Inc.
Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
16

UNDERWRITING COMMISSIONS
The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges and/or contingent deferred sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A Shares of the Fund and the amount retained by the Distributor for the last three fiscal years ended August 31:
  2016 2015 2014
  Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Class A Shares $59,671 $583 $39,543 $0 $58,832 $0
Purchases In-Kind
You may contact the Distributor to request a purchase of Shares using securities you own. The Fund reserves the right to determine whether to accept your securities and the minimum market value to accept. The Fund will value your securities in the same manner as it values its assets. An in-kind purchase may be treated as a sale of your securities for federal tax purposes; please consult your tax adviser regarding potential tax liability.
Subaccounting Services
Certain financial intermediaries may wish to use the transfer agent's subaccounting system to minimize their internal recordkeeping requirements. The transfer agent may charge a fee based on the level of subaccounting services rendered. Financial intermediaries holding Shares in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity may charge or pass through subaccounting fees as part of or in addition to normal trust or agency account fees. They may also charge fees for other services that may be related to the ownership of Shares. This information should, therefore, be read together with any agreement between the customer and the financial intermediary about the services provided, the fees charged for those services and any restrictions and limitations imposed.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund generally intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right, on its own initiative or in response to a shareholder request, to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Because the Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund is obligated to pay Share redemptions to any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets represented by such Share class during any 90-day period.
Any Share redemption payment greater than this amount will also be in cash unless the Fund elects to pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio securities, valued in the same way as the Fund determines its NAV.
Redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. Shareholders receiving the portfolio securities could have difficulty selling them, may incur related transaction costs and would be subject to risks of fluctuations in the securities' values prior to sale.
Massachusetts Partnership Law
Under certain circumstances, shareholders may be held personally liable as partners under Massachusetts law for obligations of the Trust. To protect its shareholders, the Trust has filed legal documents with Massachusetts that expressly disclaim the liability of its shareholders for acts or obligations of the Trust.
In the unlikely event a shareholder is held personally liable for the Trust's obligations, the Trust is required by the Declaration of Trust to use its property to protect or compensate the shareholder. On request, the Trust will defend any claim made and pay any judgment against a shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust. Therefore, financial loss resulting from liability as a shareholder will occur only if the Trust itself cannot meet its obligations to indemnify shareholders and pay judgments against them.
Account and Share Information
Voting Rights
Each Share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Trustee elections and other matters submitted to shareholders for vote.
All Shares of the Trust have equal voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular Fund or class, only shares of that Fund or class are entitled to vote.
Trustees may be removed by the Board or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders will be called by the Board upon the written request of shareholders who own at least 10% of the Trust's outstanding Shares of all series entitled to vote.
17

As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class A Shares: Charles Schwab & Co Inc., San Francisco, CA, owned approximately 1,699,993 Shares (15.18%); SEI Private Trust Company, Oaks, PA, owned approximately 1,187,255 Shares (10.60%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 1,046,165 Shares (9.34%); Edward Jones & Co., St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 842,496 Shares (7.52%); First Trust Upper Michigan, Escanaba, MI, owned approximately 802,592 Shares (7.17%); and First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 568,616 Shares (5.08%).
Tax Information
Federal Income Tax
The Fund intends to meet requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies. If these requirements are not met, it will not receive special tax treatment and will be subject to federal corporate income tax.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax purposes so that income earned and capital gains and losses realized by the Trust's other portfolios will be separate from those realized by the Fund.
The Fund is entitled to a loss carryforward, which may reduce the taxable income or gain that the Fund would realize, and to which the shareholder would be subject, in the future.
Tax Basis Information
The Fund's Transfer Agent is required to provide you with the cost basis information on the sale of any of your Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.
State Taxes
Under existing Michigan laws, distributions made by the Fund will not be subject to Michigan personal income taxes to the extent that such distributions qualify as exempt-interest dividends under the Code and represent: (i) income and dividends from obligations of Michigan, which obligations are excluded from federal adjusted gross income; or (ii) income from obligations of the United States government which Michigan is prohibited by law from subjecting to a net income tax.
Distributions by the Fund are not subject to the Michigan Single Business Tax to the extent that such distributions are derived from interest on obligations that would be exempt if owned directly by the shareholder, such as obligations of Michigan and the U.S. government.
Certain municipalities in Michigan also impose an income tax on individuals and corporations. However, to the extent that the dividends from the Fund are exempt from federal regular income taxes, such dividends also will be exempt from Michigan municipal income taxes.
State and Local Taxes
Income from the Fund is not necessarily free from taxes in states other than Michigan. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of their accounts under state and local tax laws.
Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?
Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible for managing the Trust's business affairs and for exercising all the Trust's powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Trustee and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Trustees) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Trustees). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Trustees listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2015, the Trust comprised five portfolios, and the Federated Fund Complex consisted of 38 investment companies (comprising 122 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee oversees all portfolios in the Federated Fund Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
As of October 4, 2016, the Fund's Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of each class of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
18

qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
■  Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
■  Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board's current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
■  No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
■  Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
■  Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
■  Diversity of background.
interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Passport Research, Ltd. (investment advisory subsidiary of Federated); Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.
$0 $0
John B. Fisher*
Birth Date: May 16, 1956
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: May 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Director/Trustee and CEO, Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company; President and CEO of Passport Research, Ltd.; President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex and Director, Federated Investors Trust Company.
Qualifications: President and Director of the Institutional Sales Division of Federated Securities Corp.; President and Director of Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Edgewood Securities Corp.; Director, Federated Services Company; Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. and President, Technology, Federated Services Company.
$0 $0
* Reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and John B. Fisher are interested due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Investors, Inc. and due to positions they hold with Federated and its subsidiaries. J. Christopher Donahue is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman Emeritus of the Federated Funds.
19

Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee member, KLX Corp.
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm). Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp.; Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$306.33 $261,250
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2015
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Publix Super Markets, Inc.; Director, Equifax, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hough is an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association; he serves on the President's Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama and is on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University.
$355.33 $107,540.05
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2009
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; Adjunct Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously served as: Associate General Secretary, Diocese of Pittsburgh; a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania; and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green also holds the positions on either a public or not for profit Board of Directors as follows: Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, St. Vincent Seminary; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; Director, Saint Vincent College; and Director and Chair, Cardinal Wuerl North Catholic High School, Inc. Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; and Director, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.
$306.33 $261,250
Peter E. Madden
Birth Date: March 16, 1942
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1991
Principal Occupation: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Madden has served in several business management, mutual fund services and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Madden previously served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, State Street Bank and Trust Company (custodian bank) and State Street Corporation (financial services). He was Director, VISA USA and VISA International; and Chairman and Director, Massachusetts Bankers Association. Mr. Madden served as Director, Depository Trust Corporation; and Director, The Boston Stock Exchange. Mr. Madden also served as a Representative to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Court.
$374.41 $322,500
20

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Birth Date: April 10, 1945
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: January 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Mansfield has served in several banking, business management and educational roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Mansfield previously served as Chief Executive Officer, PBTC International Bank; Partner, Arthur Young & Company (now Ernst & Young LLP); Chief Financial Officer of Retail Banking Sector, Chase Manhattan Bank; Senior Vice President, HSBC Bank USA (formerly, Marine Midland Bank); Vice President, Citibank; Assistant Professor of Banking and Finance, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University; Executive Vice President DVC Group, Inc. (marketing, communications and technology).
$278.49 $237,500
Thomas M. O'Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2006
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Fund Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O'Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O'Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity and Director, The Golisano Children's Museum of Naples, Florida. Mr. O'Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); and Director, Midway Pacific (lumber).
$327.26 $261,250
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey serves as Board Member, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Board member, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$278.49 $237,500
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: June 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$292.71 $286,250
21

OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
John W. McGonigle
Birth Date: October 26, 1938
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Officer since: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.
Previous Positions: Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Services Company and Federated Securities Corp.
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
Treasurer
Officer since: April 2013
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Fund Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp. and Edgewood Services, Inc.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc.
Richard B. Fisher
Birth Date: May 17, 1923
Vice Chairman
Officer since: August 2002
Principal Occupations: Vice Chairman or Vice President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman, Federated Securities Corp.
Previous Positions: President and Director or Trustee of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Executive Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Securities Corp.
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
Officer since: January 2005
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer of the Federated Fund Complex. He is General Counsel and Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Federated Administrative Services and Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Investors, Inc.
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: July 2015
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Investors, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Investors, Inc. Prior to joining Federated, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
Chief Investment Officer
Officer since: February 2010
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated's taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
* Officers do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
In addition, the Fund has appointed an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. Effective August 16, 2013, in the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. Directors/Trustees Emeritus appointed prior to August 16, 2013 are paid 20% of the annual base compensation. In addition, the Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials
22

concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund's most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
John F. Donahue
Chairman Emeritus
$0.00 $0.00
John T. Conroy, Jr. $22.37 $47,500.00
Nicholas Constantakis $22.37 $47,500.00
Robert J. Nicholson $22.37 $47,411.19
James F. Will $22.37 $47,500.00
1 The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time.
BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive J. Christopher Donahue
Peter E. Madden
John S. Walsh
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. One
Audit John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O'Neill
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund's financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund's internal audit function. Ten
23

Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Nominating John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Peter E. Madden
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Thomas M. O'Neill
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund's Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund's agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund's address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate's qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. One
BOARD'S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board's role in overseeing the Fund's general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated's Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund's financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund's Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated's Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2015
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue None Over $100,000
John B. Fisher None Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
   
John T. Collins None Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough None $50,001-$100,000
Maureen Lally-Green None Over $100,000
Peter E. Madden None Over $100,000
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. None Over $100,000
Thomas M. O'Neill None Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey None Over $100,000
John S. Walsh None Over $100,000
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Trust.
24

Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager's compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers' compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund's Portfolio Manager is provided as of the end of the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
Lee Cunningham II, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by Lee Cunningham II
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 3/$998.9 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
Lee Cunningham II is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (i.e., S&P Municipal Bond MI, Investment Grade, 3-15 Years Sub-Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Cunningham is also the portfolio manager for other funds or accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts for which Mr. Cunningham is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. Within each performance measurement period and IPP group, IPP is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP groups. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund or account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one of two IPP groups (which may be adjusted periodically). At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to other accounts or funds used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Additionally, a portion of Mr. Cunningham's IPP score is based on the performance for which he provides research and analytic support. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
In addition, Mr. Cunningham was awarded a grant of restricted Federated Stock. Awards of restricted stock are discretionary and are made in variable amounts based on the subjective judgment of Federated's senior management.
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
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Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by SEC rules, the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund's portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser's policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Adviser's general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the General Policy.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company's voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
On matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of: (1) a proposal to require a company's audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; (2) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; in favor of shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (3) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (4) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (5) a proposal to ratify the board's selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (6) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (7) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; (8) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (9) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”); (10) the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election, but against any director who: (a) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (b) serves as the company's chief financial officer; (c) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (d) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (e) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (f) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year.
On matters of capital structure, generally the Adviser will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.
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On matters relating to management compensation, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (3) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will vote proxies consistent with the General Policy. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors based upon its analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy and the expected impact on the long-term value of the securities being voted. The Adviser generally votes proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company's board. The Adviser believes that a company's board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. However, the Adviser would vote for shareholder proposals not supported by the company's board that the Adviser regards as: (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the total return of the voted security; and (b) unlikely to be adopted by the company's board in the absence of shareholder direction.
In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee's behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser's investment professionals, as necessary; bringing requests to the Proxy Committee from the Adviser's investment professionals for voting contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.
The Adviser has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of the Adviser's clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by the Adviser); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee's final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote. A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any
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Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund's Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did. Alternatively, the Proxy Committee may seek direction from the Fund's Board on how a proposal concerning an Interested Company shall be voted, and shall follow any such direction provided by the Board. In seeking such direction, the Proxy Committee will disclose the reason such company is considered an Interested Company and may provide a recommendation on how such proposal should be voted and the basis for such recommendation.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders' meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the client's proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund.
Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company's outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company's securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers' Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders' meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
■  A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
■  Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
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Portfolio Holdings Information
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include: identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual Shareholder Report and Semi-Annual Shareholder Report contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
The disclosure policy of the Fund and the Adviser prohibits the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to any investor or intermediary before the same information is made available to other investors. Employees of the Adviser or its affiliates who have access to nonpublic information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings are prohibited from trading securities on the basis of this information. Such persons must report all personal securities trades and obtain pre-clearance for all personal securities trades other than mutual fund shares.
Firms that provide administrative, custody, financial, accounting, legal or other services to the Fund may receive nonpublic information about Fund portfolio holdings for purposes relating to their services. The Fund may also provide portfolio holdings information to publications that rate, rank or otherwise categorize investment companies. Traders or portfolio managers may provide “interest” lists to facilitate portfolio trading if the list reflects only that subset of the portfolio for which the trader or portfolio manager is seeking market interest. A list of service providers, publications and other third parties who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information appears in the Appendix to this SAI.
The furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to any third party (other than authorized governmental or regulatory personnel) requires the prior approval of the President of the Adviser and of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. The President of the Adviser and the Chief Compliance Officer will approve the furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In that regard, and to address possible conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of the Adviser and its affiliates, the following procedures apply. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Adviser, any affiliate of the Adviser or any of their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Before information is furnished, the third party must sign a written agreement that it will safeguard the confidentiality of the information, will use it only for the purposes for which it is furnished and will not use it in connection with the trading of any security. Persons approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information will receive it as often as necessary for the purpose for which it is provided. Such information may be furnished as frequently as daily and often with no time lag between the date of the information and the date it is furnished. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information and the purposes for which it is furnished.
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable price. Fixed-income securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a security. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund's Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. When the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible
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that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investment decisions, and trading, for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser are generally made, and conducted, independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance, recordkeeping and financial reporting services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS provides Administrative Services for a fee based upon the rates set forth below paid on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For purposes of determining the appropriate rate breakpoint, “Investment Complex” is defined as all of the Federated Funds subject to a fee under the Administrative Services Agreement with FAS. FAS is also entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
Administrative Services
Fee Rate
Average Daily Net Assets
of the Investment Complex
0.150 of 1% on the first $5 billion
0.125 of 1% on the next $5 billion
0.100 of 1% on the next $10 billion
0.075 of 1% on assets over $20 billion
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, New York, New York, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund's financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
FEES PAID BY THE FUND FOR SERVICES
For the Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014
Advisory Fee Earned $508,656 $506,250 $465,357
Advisory Fee Waived $198,717 $200,489 $236,751
Net Administrative Fee $99,464 $99,046 $90,902
Net Shareholder Services Fee:      
Class A Shares $314,731 $312,369 $286,026
Financial Information
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust dated August 31, 2016.
Investment Ratings
Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) LONG-TERM Issue RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations: the likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; the nature of and provisions of the obligation; and the protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
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AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
S&P Rating Outlook
An S& P rating outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in the economic and/or fundamental business conditions.
Positive—Positive means that a rating may be raised.
Negative—Negative means that a rating may be lowered.
Stable—Stable means that a rating is not likely to change.
Developing—Developing means a rating may be raised or lowered.
N.M.—N.M. means not meaningful.
S&P Short-Term Issue RATINGS
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the United States, for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper.
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
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A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
MOODY'S Investor Services, Inc. (MOODY's) LONG-TERM RATINGS
Moody's long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
MOODY'S Short-Term RATINGS
Moody's short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
FITCH, INC. (Fitch) LONG-TERM Debt RATINGs
Fitch long-term ratings report Fitch's opinion on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the rating is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, Fitch long-term ratings also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality—“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality—“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
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A: High Credit Quality—“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality—“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative—“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative—“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk—Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk—Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk—Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.
RD: Restricted Default—“RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default—“D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
FITCH SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGs
A Fitch short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality—Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality—Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality—The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality—Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk—Default is a real possibility.
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RD: Restricted Default—Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default—Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A.M. BEST Company, Inc. (a.m. best) LONG-TERM DEBT and Preferred Stock RATINGS
A Best's long-term debt rating is Best's independent opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its ongoing financial obligations to security holders when due.
aaa: Exceptional—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an exceptional ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
aa: Very Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a very strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
a: Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
bbb: Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to meet the terms of the obligation; however, the issue is more susceptible to changes in economic or other conditions.
bb: Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin or principal and interest payment protection and vulnerability to economic changes.
b: Very Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has very speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin of principal and interest payment protection and extreme vulnerability to economic changes.
ccc, cc, c: Extremely Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has extremely speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a minimal margin of principal and interest payment protection and/or limited ability to withstand adverse changes in economic or other conditions.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
Ratings from “aa” to “ccc” may be enhanced with a “+” (plus) or “-” (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category.
A.M. BEST SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS
A Best's short-term debt rating is Best's opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its financial obligations having original maturities of generally less than one year, such as commercial paper.
AMB-1+ Strongest—Assigned to issues where the issuer has the strongest ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-1 Outstanding—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an outstanding ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-2 Satisfactory—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a satisfactory ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-3 Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to repay short-term debt obligations; however, adverse economic conditions likely will reduce the issuer's capacity to meet its financial commitments.
AMB-4 Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics and is vulnerable to adverse economic or other external changes, which could have a marked impact on the company's ability to meet its financial commitments.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
A.M. Best Rating Modifiers
Both long- and short-term credit ratings can be assigned a modifier.
u—Indicates the rating may change in the near term, typically within six months. Generally is event-driven, with positive, negative or developing implications.
pd—Indicates ratings assigned to a company that chose not to participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process. (Discontinued in 2010)
i—Indicates rating assigned is indicative.
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A.M. BEST RATING OUTLOOK
A.M. Best Credit Ratings are assigned a Rating Outlook that indicates the potential direction of a credit rating over an intermediate term, generally defined as the next 12 to 36 months.
Positive—Indicates possible ratings upgrade due to favorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Negative—Indicates possible ratings downgrade due to unfavorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Stable—Indicates low likelihood of rating change due to stable financial/market trends.
Not Rated
Certain nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) may designate certain issues as NR, meaning that the issue or obligation is not rated.
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Addresses
Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust
Class A Shares
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp.
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Wall Street
New York, NY 10286
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111
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Appendix A
The following is a list of persons, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information concerning the Federated Fund Complex; however, certain persons below might not receive such information concerning the Fund:
CUSTODIAN(S)
The Bank of New York Mellon
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP
LEGAL COUNSEL
Goodwin Procter LLP
K&L Gates LLP
Financial Printer(S)
RR Donnelley & Sons Company
Proxy Voting Administrator
Glass Lewis & Co.
SECURITY PRICING SERVICES
Interactive Data Corporation
Markit Group Limited
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Thomson Reuters Corporation
RATINGS AGENCIES
Fitch, Inc.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Other SERVICE PROVIDERS
Other types of service providers that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information include service providers offering, for example, trade order management systems, portfolio analytics, or performance and accounting systems, such as:
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Barclays Inc.
Bloomberg L.P.
Citibank, N.A.
Electra Information Systems
Informa Investment Solutions, Inc.
Investortools, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc.
MSCI Inc.
SunGard Data Systems Inc.
The Yield Book, Inc.
Wolters Kluwer N.V.
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Appendix B - Michigan State Risk
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of the Fund's policy of concentrating its investments in particular state issuers. Such information supplements the information in the prospectus. It is derived from sources that are generally available to investors and is believed to be accurate. Such information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to securities offerings of issuers of each particular state. The Trust has not independently verified this information.
The following describes economic conditions which may not continue and could change materially. There can be no assurance that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions.
MICHIGAN
Information as of September 30, 2016
Special Considerations Relating to Michigan
Forecasting the behavior of the economy requires making assumptions about the behavior of certain key economic variables. As a result, all forecasts carry a certain amount of error. However, unexpected changes in economic fundamentals often represent the greatest source of error. The challenge for the current forecast is to determine when the economy will complete the adjustments required to exhibit consistent growth. Such turning points are difficult to predict and adjustments after financial collapses such as occurred during the 2008-2009 recession often take longer than after recessions not associated with financial collapses.
Not only has the recovery from the 2008-2009 recession been half as strong as prior recoveries, but many factors suggest that strong economic growth in the near future is unlikely. While low productivity has provided some assistance to the improvement in employment levels, it has meant that improvements that increase output and income in the long-run have not been made. Lower levels of investment, higher risk-aversion among consumers and lenders, reduced public investment, and the shift in labor force participation rates are among a number of indicators suggesting that over the current recovery period the economy has not engaged in the types of activities that improve future economic growth, and that in some cases, certain economic fundamentals may return to historical trend growth rates but a segment of the economy will just operate at a permanently lower level. Absent a significant change in the underlying patterns in the economy, future economic growth is likely to face meaningful limits in the short-term and any growth that does occur will still keep the economy well below its historical potential.
Michigan's economy spent the 2000 to 2010 period in recession, largely driven by the same fundamental restructuring that affected manufacturing globally. Manufacturing experienced, and continues to experience, increased competition that will require additional productivity gains. The effect of productivity improvements has been substantial for at least three reasons: (i) there was more room for productivity improvements in the durable goods and motor vehicle manufacturing sectors than in many other sectors; (ii) Michigan was, and remains, disproportionately concentrated in motor vehicle manufacturing; and (iii) the motor vehicle industry has become one of the most competitive sectors of the economy. Those factors were complicated as General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler lost market share over most of the last decade, leaving Michigan to lose employment from both higher productivity and reduced demand. The impact on the Michigan economy was exacerbated by the rapid and drastic decline in automobile sales in late 2008 and during 2009, reflecting national collapses in sectors such as construction, real estate, and finance.
However, the drag from the manufacturing sector on Michigan's economy appears to have leveled and the recovery in vehicle sales nationally has helped Michigan's economic situation. Manufacturing employment in Michigan rose by 110,300 jobs (25.1%) between June 2009, when the U.S. recession ended, and October 2013. However, Michigan manufacturing employment remained essentially unchanged from October 2013 through October 2015. Employment in the transportation equipment manufacturing sector increased by 41.0% between June 2009 and January 2013, accounting for 47,000 (42.6%) of the manufacturing jobs Michigan gained and 21.8% of the total jobs added in Michigan, but only 7,000 transportation equipment manufacturing jobs were added in the year ended October 31, 2015. Similar to total manufacturing employment, Michigan transportation equipment manufacturing employment has remained relatively flat since late 2013.
The annual average unemployment rate declined from a high of 13.7% in 2009 to 5.4% in 2015, although the decline was partially attributable to the departure of approximately 165,000 individuals from the labor force in addition to the employment gain of approximately 285,000 jobs. The bulk of the employment gain has occurred since early 2014, with end of year 2015 employment approximately 182,000 jobs above the level at the end of 2013. As of the end of 2015, the unemployment rate in Michigan fell to 5.4%, the State's lowest annual average unemployment rate since 2002.
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While the Michigan unemployment rate has declined since 2009, as discussed above, reduced labor market participation has played a greater role in lowering the Michigan unemployment rate than what has occurred in the national rate. Job gains have helped reduce the unemployment rate, but a significant factor causing the unemployment rate to decline over this period has been the withdrawal of individuals from the labor force. Individuals who have a job or are actively seeking work are counted as participating in the labor force, and the unemployment rate reflects the number of individuals who do not have a job and are actively seeking work divided by the size of the labor force.
How those who are not part of the labor force behave over the forecast period has important implications for the economy and the forecast. To the extent that these individuals face limited incomes and reduced income growth, consumption and investment are depressed, lowering economic growth and reducing tax revenue. To the extent that these individuals enter (or re-enter) the labor force, the unemployment rate is not likely to decrease much and may actually increase. To the extent these individuals find employment, the economy will improve, but at the expense of reduced income gains that other workers might realize from an improving economy. As a result, both nationally and in Michigan, the large number of individuals who have left the labor force represent a factor that may exert a substantial slowing effect on the future growth of the economy. The forecast assumes that the labor force will increase at a slightly greater rate than population, but more slowly than new jobs will be created. As a result, employment gains are anticipated but wage growth is expected to be relatively modest.
Both job growth and personal income growth are expected to remain below the national average (despite outperforming the national average in both 2010 and 2011) and the historical State average. Inflation-adjusted personal income grew by an estimated 5.8% in 2015 (which includes an extra push from a negative inflation rate), and is estimated to grow 2.8% in 2016 and 1.7% in 2017. Wage and salary employment is predicted to continue growing, increasing 1.1% during 2016, 1.6% in 2017, and 1.4% in 2018. Private sector gains in employment during 2016 are expected to be fairly modest, although above the nearly flat employment predicted in the government sector. Nationally, light vehicle sales are expected to increase from 17.4 million units in 2015 to 17.6 million units in 2016, then increase to 17.7 million units in 2017. In Michigan, higher vehicle sales, stability in the housing market, and an improved national economy are expected to allow the unemployment rate to slowly decline, from 5.4% in 2015, to 5.0% in 2016 and 4.9% in 2017.
Both the U.S. and Michigan economies have been improving at a modest pace. Although both the U.S. and Michigan economies will continue to exhibit growth over the forecast period, neither the U.S. nor the Michigan forecast exhibits particularly strong economic growth. Weak employment growth, weak income growth, and slowdowns in overseas economies will temper the pace of the U.S. and Michigan recoveries during the forecast period. However, improved vehicle sales and stronger profitability in Michigan's vehicle sector is expected to provide stability to the Michigan employment situation.
The economy of the last 30 years has been largely powered by strong growth in consumer spending. While saving rates fell and debt levels increased through the 1980s and 1990s, over much of the last decade those trends became even more magnified, despite flat or declining inflation-adjusted wages. Weak financial markets and declining housing prices during and after the 2008-2009 recession have induced consumers to rein in their spending, pushing the saving rate significantly higher. However, consumers needed to save at a far higher rate than exhibited to offset their losses in home equity and in the stock market. Nevertheless, the savings rate has generally trended lower, and limited income growth and high debt burdens will impede consumers' ability to increase saving and/or significantly increase consumption. If the saving rate improves more than expected, such as to levels experienced during the 1980s, both consumption growth and economic growth will be substantially lower. Conversely, consumers might return to their spending habits of the late 2000s and, if capital markets accommodate higher demands for additional credit, growth will be stronger than forecasted.
The durability of consumer spending represents the primary determinant of the accuracy of the forecast. As indicated earlier, purchases of motor vehicles dominated consumption growth during much of 2013, 2014 and 2015. Furthermore, consumer expenditures have risen more rapidly than incomes since mid-2011. The forecast assumes that consumers will slightly increase their saving rates and that consumption will be limited by flat wages and limited access to and/or use of additional increases in debt, especially as interest rates rise. To the extent that this perspective is not accurate and consumers assume more debt and accept lower saving 17 rates, or that wages rise more rapidly than predicted, consumption is likely to be stronger than expected and the economy will grow more rapidly than expected.
Weak markets for housing, credit, and employment, coupled with high energy prices and substantial debt burdens, are expected to exert a dragging force on any increases in demand over the forecast period. Both employment gains and improvements in economic growth will be restrained by slowing growth in vehicle sales, as little growth is expected beyond replacement demand, the vehicle manufacturing sector is expected to continue to exhibit strong productivity gains, and sales levels are nearing the levels experienced in much of the last decade. Michigan's economic fortunes historically have been very closely linked with sales of domestically produced light vehicles. Despite the improvement forecasted in vehicle sales, and the renewed profitability of domestic automobile manufacturers, much of the additional demand can be met with existing employees, and low capital costs combined with meaningful productivity growth mean few incentives to increase hiring significantly.
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Michigan's Economic Outlook and Budget Review for the Fiscal Years of 2015-16 through 2017-18 states that employment levels in the transportation equipment manufacturing sector increased slightly from March 2015 to March 2016, but forecasts them to remain relatively flat in 2016, 2017, and 2018. Overall employment in Michigan is expected to grow slightly, with virtually all of the growth in private sector employment. However, for both the economy and State tax revenue to improve markedly, more substantial employment gains in the economy as a whole will need to occur. While increased profitability in the vehicle industry has stabilized much of the Michigan economy, significant and sustained growth at both the national and statewide levels is unlikely to occur until the housing industry experiences a meaningful recovery and consumers exhibit improved debt-to-income ratios and growing wages.
While over the last decade Michigan's employment situation fared worse than the national average, and, in some cases or time periods within that range, worse than any other state, Michigan's performance was not particularly inconsistent with other states' when Michigan's economic composition is considered. Generally, states with higher manufacturing concentrations (particularly in the transportation equipment manufacturing sector) experienced weaker job performance during the last decade, both because of the economic changes occurring in that sector and because of the dependence of other sectors within those states on manufacturing activity. As indicated earlier, productivity gains have made American manufacturing firms more profitable and more competitive, but have reduced the need for hiring additional employees to meet increased demand. Weak markets for housing, credit, and employment, coupled with high energy prices and substantial debt burdens, are expected to exert a dragging force on any increases in demand over the forecast period. For Michigan, both employment gains and improvements in economic growth will be restrained by slowing growth in vehicle sales, as little growth is expected beyond replacement demand, the vehicle manufacturing sector is expected to continue to exhibit strong productivity gains, and sales levels are nearing the levels experienced in much of the last decade. On the other hand, compared with the prior decade, the Detroit 3 share of the sales mix is expected to remain fairly stable. Michigan's economic fortunes historically have been very closely linked with sales of domestically produced light vehicles.
The Flint Drinking Water Situation
As of June 23, 2016, there are numerous cases currently pending and hundreds of notices of intent to sue, in various state and federal courts related to the drinking water in the City of Flint. Specifically, there are presently 15 filed cases at the federal and state level involving parties represented by the Michigan Department of Attorney General. The State, certain State agencies, local governments and various individuals including the Governor of the State of Michigan have named as defendants in varying combinations within some of the cases. The cases present a wide variety of allegations including violations of equal protection, violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983, gross negligence, breach of contract, unjust enrichment, breach of implied warranty, violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act, and violations of the Plaintiffs' contractual rights under Article 1, § 10 of the U.S. Constitution. No rulings have been issued in any of the case yet, and the cases will likely take some time to resolve. While no specific additional actions are presently known, there is the possibility that more lawsuits could be filed and that some could be consolidated or dismissed. In addition, the State has taken and could take further voluntary action to address the drinking water situation in the City of Flint. Because many of these lawsuits have only recently been filed, because the allegations of violations have not been litigated or proven, and because some legislative proposals have been discussed but not enacted, it is premature to assess what effect, if any, these lawsuits or actions might have on the State budget. Resolution could involve material expenditures by the State.
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Statement of Additional Information
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A NYIFX
B NYIBX
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
2092919B (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark
of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus. Read this SAI in conjunction with the Prospectus for Federated New York Municipal Income Fund (“Fund”), dated October 31, 2016.
This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund's Annual Report. Obtain the Prospectus or the Annual Report without charge by calling 1-800-341-7400.


How is the Fund Organized?
The Fund is a non-diversified portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (“Trust”) The Trust is an open-end, management investment company that was established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on August 6, 1990. The Trust may offer separate series of shares representing interests in separate portfolios of securities.
The Board of Trustees (“Board”) has established two classes of shares of the Fund, known as Class A Shares and Class B Shares (“Shares”). This SAI relates to both classes of Shares. The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (“Adviser”).
Securities in Which the Fund Invests
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Securities Descriptions And Techniques
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer's earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security's yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security's yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following further describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest.
Municipal Notes (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal notes are short-term, tax-exempt securities. Many municipalities issue such notes to fund their current operations before collecting taxes or other municipal revenues. Municipalities may also issue notes to fund capital projects prior to issuing long-term bonds. The issuers typically repay the notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with taxes, other revenues or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds.
Municipal Auction Rate Securities (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal auction rate securities are tax-exempt securities that are issued (without a demand feature) generally for a specified term, during which the interest rate may be reset at specified intervals (such as, for example, every 7, 28, 35 or 49 days) by means of a “Dutch Auction” or similar competitive process. These securities may be referred to as “municipal auction rate notes.” In the auction, holders of such securities, and investors who seek to acquire such securities, indicate their interest in continuing to hold, or to purchase, the securities at rates that they specify to broker-dealers that serve as auction agents for the auction. If the auction is successful, a holder of such securities will be able to sell them at par value through the auction process. A “failed auction” occurs when, for example, the auction agent does not receive enough bids to cover the aggregate amount of securities that have been put up for sale at the auction, or the lowest interest rate at which all of the securities that have been put up for sale at the auction would be above the “maximum interest rate” set forth in the documentation for the securities, or some other reason. When a failed auction occurs, a holder of the securities may not be able to sell all or a portion of the securities it desired to sell at the auction, in which case the affected securities would pay the maximum interest rate set forth in their documentation until the next successful auction. The maximum interest rate may be a multiple of a specified index or a fixed rate, and may be dependent on other factors, such as the credit rating of the securities at the time of the auction. Municipal auction rate securities may be subject to interest rate, credit, credit enhancement, prepayment, liquidity and economic risks.
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Variable Rate Demand Instruments (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Variable rate demand instruments are tax-exempt securities that require the issuer or a third party, such as a dealer or bank (the “Demand Provider”), to repurchase the security for its face value upon demand. The securities also pay interest at a variable rate intended to cause the securities to trade at their face value. Some variable rate demand instruments are “conditional,” so that the occurrence of certain conditions discharges the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security. Other variable rate demand instruments are “unconditional,” so that there are no conditions under which the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security can terminate. The Fund treats variable rate demand instruments as short-term securities even though their maturity may extend beyond 397 days because, within 397 days, their variable interest rate adjusts in response to changes in market rates and the repayment of their principal amount can be demanded. Certain variable rate demand instruments that may be invested in by the Fund, referred to as “synthetic” variable rate demand instruments, have certain features, such as call features, that make it possible that the Fund will realize capital gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates or other similar securities. Asset-backed securities have prepayment risks.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax-exempt commercial paper is an obligation issued by a tax-exempt issuer with a maturity of generally less than nine months. Tax-exempt issuers may issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures or other permissible activities. Tax-exempt issuers may constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or other sources) to repay maturing paper. If the tax-exempt issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, and if there is not another available source of liquidity, its commercial paper may default or there may be a reduction in payments received in repayment of the tax-exempt commercial paper.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices, or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts, (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close-out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
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To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Interest Rate Futures
An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing, fixed-income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments. An index is usually computed by a sum product of a list of the designated Reference Instruments' current prices and a list of weights assigned to these Reference Instruments.
Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future, security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy the following types of options:
Call Options
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
■  Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
■  Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names.
Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
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Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Buyer”) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Seller”) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Caps and Floors (A Type of Swap Contract)
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies and/or managing its uninvested cash. These other investment companies are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of this approach should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund's portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund's ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case, all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
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Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Notes (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund's return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund's custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Reverse repurchase agreements (which are considered a type of special transaction for asset segregation purposes) are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Third-Party Lending Arrangements
Inter-Fund Borrowing
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has granted an exemption that permits the Fund and all other funds advised by subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated funds”) to lend and borrow money for certain temporary purposes directly to and from other Federated funds. Participation in this inter-fund lending program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending Federated funds, and an inter-fund loan is only made if it benefits each participating Federated fund. Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”) administers the program according to procedures approved by the Fund's Board, and the Board monitors the operation of the program. Any inter-fund loan must comply with certain conditions set out in the exemption, which are designed to assure fairness and protect all participating Federated funds.
For example, inter-fund lending is permitted only: (a) to meet shareholder redemption requests; (b) to meet commitments arising from “failed” trades; and (c) for other temporary purposes. All inter-fund loans must be repaid in seven days or less. The Fund's participation in this program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations, and must meet certain percentage tests. Inter-fund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more attractive to the lending Federated fund than market-competitive rates on overnight repurchase agreements (“Repo Rate”) and more attractive to the borrowing Federated fund than the rate of interest that would be charged by an unaffiliated bank for short-term borrowings (“Bank Loan Rate”), as determined by the Board. The interest rate imposed on inter-fund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
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Third-Party Line of Credit
The Fund participates with certain other Federated Funds, on a several basis, in an up to $500,000,000 unsecured, 364-day, committed, revolving line of credit (LOC) agreement. The LOC was made available to finance temporarily the repurchase or redemption of shares of the Fund, failed trades, payment of dividends, settlement of trades and for other short-term, temporary or emergency general business purposes. The Fund cannot borrow under the LOC if an inter-fund loan is outstanding. The Fund's ability to borrow under the LOC also is subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and various conditions precedent that must be satisfied before the Fund can borrow. Loans under the LOC are charged interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest, on any day, of: (a) (i) the federal funds effective rate; (ii) the one month London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR); and (iii) 0.0%; plus (b) a margin. The LOC also requires the Fund to pay, quarterly in arrears and at maturity, its pro rata share of a commitment fee based on the amount of the lenders' commitment that has not been utilized. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there were no outstanding loans. During the most recently ended fiscal year the Fund did not utilize the LOC.
Asset Segregation
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and SEC staff positions regarding the interpretation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), with respect to derivatives that create a future payment obligation of the Fund, the Fund must “set aside” (referred to sometimes as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures, while the derivative contracts are open. For example, with respect to forwards and futures contracts that are not contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund must cover its open positions by setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the contracts' full, notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside cash or readily marketable securities in an amount equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market (“net”) obligations, if any (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the notional value.
The Fund will employ another approach to segregating assets to cover options that it sells. If the Fund sells a call option, the Fund will set aside either the Reference Instrument subject to the option, cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the current market value of the Reference Instrument. In no event, will the value of the cash or readily marketable securities set aside by the Fund be less than the exercise price of the call option. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the exercise price of the put option.
The Fund's asset segregation approach for swap agreements varies among different types of swaps. For example, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Buyer, then it will set aside cash or readily marketable securities necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations under the swap. By comparison, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Seller, then the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional amount of the swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a Credit Event. For some other types of swaps, such as interest rate swaps, the Fund will calculate the obligations of the counterparties to the swap on a net basis. Consequently, the Fund's current obligation (or rights) under this type of swap will equal only the net amount to be paid or received based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap (the “net amount”). The net amount currently owed by or to the Fund will be accrued daily and the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to any accrued but unpaid net amount owed by the Fund under the swap.
The Fund may reduce the liquid assets segregated to cover obligations under a derivative contract by entering into an offsetting derivative contract. For example, if the Fund sells a put option for the same Reference Instrument as a call option the Fund has sold, and the exercise price of the call option is the same as or higher than the exercise price of the put option, then the Fund may net its obligations under the options and set aside cash or readily marketable securities (including any margin deposited for the options) with a value equal to the greater of: (a) the current market value of the Reference Instrument deliverable under the call option; or (b) the exercise price of the put option.
By setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to only its net obligations under swaps and certain cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional value of such contracts. The use of leverage involves certain risks. See “Investment Risks.” Unless the Fund has other cash or readily marketable securities to set aside, it cannot trade assets set aside in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions without entering into an offsetting derivative contract or terminating a special transaction. This may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities or to realize losses on derivative contracts or special transactions. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions articulated from time to time by the SEC and its staff.
Generally, special transactions do not cash-settle on a net basis. Consequently, with respect to special transactions, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the Fund's obligations.
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Temporary Investments
The Fund may make temporary investments in taxable, fixed-income securities and the following other taxable securities (in addition to taxable repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement investments):
Treasury Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Bank Instruments (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Bank instruments are unsecured interest-bearing deposits with banks. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, bank accounts, time deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances. Yankee instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by non-U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks.
Government Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Tennessee Valley Authority in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
Investors regard government securities as having minimal credit risks, but not as low as Treasury securities.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee helps protect against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Additional Information Related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets beginning in 2008 led to market concerns regarding the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator's appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the Treasury has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The senior preferred stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Although the SPAs are subject to amendment from time to time, currently the Treasury is obligated to provide such financial contributions up to an aggregate maximum amount determined by a formula set forth in the SPAs, and until such aggregate maximum amount is reached, there is not a specific end date to the Treasury's obligations.
The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's operations and activities under the SPAs, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, downgrades or upgrades in the credit ratings assigned to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or ratings services, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
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In addition, the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and other U.S. government-sponsored enterprises that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (GSEs), remains in question as the U.S. government continues to consider options ranging from structural reform, nationalization, privatization or consolidation, to outright elimination. The issues that have led to significant U.S. government support for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have sparked serious debate regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing mortgage loan liquidity.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The credit risk of corporate debt securities vary widely across issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Commercial Paper (A Type of Corporate Debt Security)
Commercial paper is an issuer's obligation with a maturity of less than nine months. Companies typically issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures. Most issuers constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or bank loans) to repay maturing paper. If the issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, its commercial paper may default. The short maturity of commercial paper generally reduces both the market and credit risks as compared to other debt securities of the same issuer.
Investment Risks
There are many risk factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund's principal risks are described in its Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Prepayment Risk
Like municipal mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (including fixed-income or tax-exempt securities that are pooled or collateralized) may be subject to prepayment risks and the possibility that interest and other payments may not be made. Such investments also may be subject to interest rate, credit and the other risks described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument
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declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund's Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
Risk Associated with the Investment Activities of Other Accounts
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions and/or the Fund's ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund's shareholders, and the Fund's service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), infection from or spread of malware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, and attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website or internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events consistently. Cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund's business operations or performance. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. A cyber-event may cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate the Fund's NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments to lose value. The Fund's Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events, however, there is no guarantee that the efforts of the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially. Among other reasons, the nature of malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund's Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
Investment Objective (and Policies) and Investment Limitations
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities.
Under normal circumstances the Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of New York and New York municipalities.
The fundamental investment objective and policy may not be changed by the Fund's Board without shareholder approval.
Investment Limitations
Issuing Senior Securities and Borrowing Money
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”).
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Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Investing in Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, provided that the Fund may purchase securities of companies that deal in commodities.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.
Lending Cash or Securities
The Fund may not make loans, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, lending its assets to broker/dealers or institutional investors and investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.
Concentration of Investments
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. Government securities, municipal securities and bank instruments will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of its outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Buying on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge, or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not purchase securities for which there is no readily available market, or enter into repurchase agreements or purchase time deposits that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, if immediately after and as a result, the value of such securities would exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund's net assets.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest in securities subject to restrictions on resale under the federal securities laws.
Additional Information
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation.
In applying the Fund's commodities restriction, investments in transactions involving futures contracts and options, forward currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts that settle by payment of cash are not deemed to be investments in commodities.
In applying the Fund's concentration limitation: (a) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (b) financial service companies will be classified according to end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; and (c) asset-backed securities will be classified according to the underlying assets securing such
11

securities. To conform to the current view of the SEC staff that only domestic bank instruments may be excluded from industry concentration limitations, the Fund will not exclude foreign bank instruments from industry concentration tests as long as the policy of the SEC remains in effect. The Fund will consider concentration to be the investment of more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
What Do Shares Cost?
Determining Market Value of Securities
A Share's net asset value (NAV) is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The NAV for each class of Shares may differ due to the variance in daily net income realized by each class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the Shareholders of a particular class are entitled. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such fixed-income securities are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers.
■  Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
■  OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
■  Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund's NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from one or more currency dealers.
The Fund follows procedures that are common in the mutual fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share or errors that did not result in net dilution to the Fund.
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Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
Pricing Service Valuations. Based on the recommendations of the Valuation Committee, the Board has authorized the Fund, subject to Board oversight, to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer's operations or liquidation.
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the prices bid and asked for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment's “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment's fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer's financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment's value.
The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to Board oversight. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of an investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Significant Events. The Board has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment's value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
■  With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
■  Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
■  Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer's operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer's industry.
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The Board has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to determine the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets when the Adviser determines that there has been a significant trend in the U.S. equity markets or in index futures trading. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board has ultimate responsibility for any fair valuations made in response to a significant event.
How is the Fund Sold?
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor (Federated Securities Corp.) offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis.
Effective June 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new accounts and new investors. Effective August 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new purchases made by existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains) and to exchanges from Class B Shares of other Federated Funds.
Rule 12b-1 Plan (CLASS A SHARES AND CLASS B SHARES)
As a compensation-type plan, the Rule 12b-1 Plan is designed to pay the Distributor for activities principally intended to result in the sale of Shares such as advertising and marketing of Shares (including printing and distributing prospectuses and sales literature to prospective shareholders and financial intermediaries) and providing incentives to financial intermediaries to sell Shares. The Plan is also designed to cover the cost of administrative services performed in conjunction with the sale of Shares, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services and educational services, as well as the costs of implementing and operating the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan allows the Distributor to contract with financial intermediaries to perform activities covered by the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan is expected to benefit the Fund in a number of ways. For example, it is anticipated that the Plan will help the Fund attract and retain assets, thus providing cash for orderly portfolio management and Share redemptions and possibly helping to stabilize or reduce other operating expenses.
In addition, the Plan is integral to the multiple class structure of the Fund, which promotes the sale of Shares by providing a range of options to investors. The Fund's service providers that receive asset-based fees also benefit from stable or increasing Fund assets.
The Fund may compensate the Distributor more or less than its actual marketing expenses. In no event will the Fund pay for any expenses of the Distributor that exceed the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee.
For some classes of shares, the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee that can be paid in any one year may not be sufficient to cover the marketing-related expenses the Distributor has incurred. Therefore, it may take the Distributor a number of years to recoup these expenses.
In addition, in connection with the sale of Class B Shares, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the Class B Shares. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements.
Regarding the Fund's Class A Shares, the Class A Shares of the Fund currently do not accrue, pay or incur any Rule 12b-1 Plan fee, although the Board of Trustees has adopted a Plan that permits the Class A Shares of the Fund to accrue, pay and incur a Rule 12b-1 Plan fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%, or some lesser amount as the Board of Trustees shall approve from time to time. The Class A Shares of the Fund will not incur or charge such Rule 12b-1 Plan fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Additional Payments To Financial Intermediaries
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators. In some cases, such payments may be made by, or funded from the resources of, companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). While Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) regulations limit the sales charges that you may bear, there are no limits with regard to the amounts that the Distributor may pay out of its own resources. In addition to the payments which are generally described herein and in the Prospectus, the financial intermediary also may receive payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan and/or Service Fees. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other
14

Federated funds within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. The same financial intermediaries may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments assist in the Distributor's efforts to support the sale of Shares. These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Federated funds and any services it provides, as well as the fees and/or commissions it charges.
The categories of additional payments are described below.
Supplemental Payments
The Distributor may make supplemental payments to certain financial intermediaries that are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Federated funds. These payments may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary.
Processing Support Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries that sell Federated fund shares to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement processing and transaction processing. The types of payments that the Distributor may make under this category include: payment of ticket charges on a per-transaction basis; payment of networking fees; and payment for ancillary services such as setting up funds on the financial intermediary's mutual fund trading system.
Retirement Plan Program Servicing Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries who sell Federated fund shares through retirement plan programs. A financial intermediary may perform retirement plan program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform retirement plan program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting or transaction processing, retirement plan program services may include: services rendered to a plan in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring; employee enrollment and education; plan balance rollover or separation; or other similar services.
Marketing Support Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of Shares. Such compensation, provided by the Distributor, may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client entertainment, client and investor events and other financial intermediary-sponsored events.
The Distributor also may hold or sponsor, at its expense, sales events, conferences and programs for employees or associated persons of financial intermediaries and may pay the travel and lodging expenses of attendees. The Distributor also may provide, at its expense, meals and entertainment in conjunction with meetings with financial intermediaries. Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state law or regulations, or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. These payments may vary depending on the nature of the event or the relationship.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the following is a list of FINRA member firms that received additional payments from the Distributor or an affiliate. Additional payments may also be made to certain other financial intermediaries that are not FINRA member firms that sell Federated fund shares or provide services to the Federated funds and shareholders. These firms are not included in this list. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the member firms identified in this list that have occurred since December 31, 2015, are not reflected. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any additional payments it receives from the Distributor.
Academy Securities, Inc.
ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.
Amegy Investments Inc.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services Inc.
Apex Clearing Corporation
AssetMark Trust Company
AXA Advisors, LLC
B.C. Ziegler And Company
Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.
Barclays Capital Inc.
BB&T Securities, LLC
BCG Securities, Inc.
BMO Harris Financial Advisors, Inc.
BNP Paribas Securities Corporation
Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.
 
 
15

Broadridge Business Process Outsourcing, LLC
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc.
Capital Financial Services, Inc.
Capital Guardian, LLC
Capital One Investing, LLC
Cary Street Partners, LLC
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Cetera Advisors LLC
Cetera Investment Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Company, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Comerica Securities, Inc.
Commonwealth Financial Network
COR Clearing LLC
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Cuso Financial Services, L.P.
D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davenport & Company LLC
David Lerner Associates, Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
DST Market Services, LLC
Edward D. Jones & Co., LP
FBL Marketing Services, LLC
Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc.
Fifth Third Securities, Inc.
First Allied Securities, Inc.
First Southwest Company
Fort Pitt Capital Group Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation
Goldman, Sachs, & Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.
Hand Securities, Inc.
H. Beck, Inc.
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc.
HefrenTillotson, Inc.
Henderson Global Investors Limited
HighTower Securities LLC
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Independent Financial Group, LLC
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC
INTL FCStone Securities, Inc.
Intrust Brokerage Inc.
Invest Financial Corporation
Investment Professionals, Inc.
JHS Capital Advisors, LLC
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC
JPMorgan Securities LLC
JP Turner & Company, LLC
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
Jefferies, LLC
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc.
KMS Financial Services, Inc.
Kovack Securities Inc.
Legend Equities Corporation
Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation
Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.
Lockton Financial Advisors LLC
LPL Financial LLC
M&T Securities Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated
Mesirow Financial, Inc.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Mid Atlantic Capital Corp.
Midwestern Securities Trading Company, LLC
MML Investors Services, Inc.
Moors & Cabot, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
Multi-Bank Securities
National Financial Services LLC
National Planning Corporation
Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Newport Coast Securities, Inc.
NFP Securities, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC
NYLIFE Distributors LLC
Ohio National Equities, Inc.
Oneamerica Securities, Inc.
Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.
PCBB Capital Markets, LLC
People's Securities, Inc.
Pershing LLC
Piper Jaffray & Co.
Planmember Securities Corporation
Planned Investment Co., Inc.
PNC Investments LLC
Princor Financial Services Corporation
Prospera Financial Services, Inc.
Prudential Insurance Company of America The
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc.
Royal Alliance Associates Inc.
SagePoint Financial, Inc.
Securian Financial Services, Inc.
Securities America, Inc.
Securities Service Network, Inc.
Security Distributors Inc.
SG Americas Securities, LLC
Sigma Financial Corporation
SII Investments, Inc.
State Street Global Markets, LLC
Stephens Inc.
Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.
SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
SunGard Brokerage & Securities Services, LLC
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Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
Synovus Securities, Inc.
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
The Huntington Investment Company
Thrivent Investment Management, Inc.
Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.
Treasury Curve, LLC
U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.
UBS Financial Services Inc.
UBS Securities LLC
UMB Financial Services, Inc.
USI Securities Inc.
Valor Financial Securities LLC
Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Vining-Sparks IBG, Limited Partnership
Vision Financial Markets, LLC
Voya Financial Partners, LLC
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wayne Hummer Investments LLC
Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC
Westport Resources Investment Services, Inc.
Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
UNDERWRITING COMMISSIONS
The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges and/or contingent deferred sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A Shares and Class B Shares of the Fund and the amount retained by the Distributor for the last three fiscal years ended August 31:
  2016 2015 2014

Total
Sales
Charges

Amount
Retained
Total
Sales
Charges

Amount
Retained
Total
Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Class A Shares $39,654 $4,527 $25,661 $2,764 $14,710 $2,073
Class B Shares $1,469 $1,469 $10,287 $10,287 $9,394 $8,861
Purchases In-Kind
You may contact the Distributor to request a purchase of Shares using securities you own. The Fund reserves the right to determine whether to accept your securities and the minimum market value to accept. The Fund will value your securities in the same manner as it values its assets. An in-kind purchase may be treated as a sale of your securities for federal tax purposes; please consult your tax adviser regarding potential tax liability.
Subaccounting Services
Certain financial intermediaries may wish to use the transfer agent's subaccounting system to minimize their internal recordkeeping requirements. The transfer agent may charge a fee based on the level of subaccounting services rendered. Financial intermediaries holding Shares in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity may charge or pass through subaccounting fees as part of or in addition to normal trust or agency account fees. They may also charge fees for other services that may be related to the ownership of Shares. This information should, therefore, be read together with any agreement between the customer and the financial intermediary about the services provided, the fees charged for those services and any restrictions and limitations imposed.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund generally intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right, on its own initiative or in response to a shareholder request, to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Because the Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund is obligated to pay Share redemptions to any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets represented by such Share class during any 90-day period.
Any Share redemption payment greater than this amount will also be in cash unless the Fund elects to pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio securities, valued in the same way as the Fund determines its NAV.
Redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. Shareholders receiving the portfolio securities could have difficulty selling them, may incur related transaction costs and would be subject to risks of fluctuations in the securities' values prior to sale.
17

Massachusetts Partnership Law
Under certain circumstances, shareholders may be held personally liable as partners under Massachusetts law for obligations of the Trust. To protect its shareholders, the Trust has filed legal documents with Massachusetts that expressly disclaim the liability of its shareholders for acts or obligations of the Trust.
In the unlikely event a shareholder is held personally liable for the Trust's obligations, the Trust is required by the Declaration of Trust to use its property to protect or compensate the shareholder. On request, the Trust will defend any claim made and pay any judgment against a shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust. Therefore, financial loss resulting from liability as a shareholder will occur only if the Trust itself cannot meet its obligations to indemnify shareholders and pay judgments against them.
Account and Share Information
Voting Rights
Each Share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Trustee elections and other matters submitted to shareholders for vote.
All Shares of the Trust have equal voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular Fund or class, only shares of that Fund or class are entitled to vote.
Trustees may be removed by the Board or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders will be called by the Board upon the written request of shareholders who own at least 10% of the Trust's outstanding Shares of all series entitled to vote.
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class A Shares: Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 537,363 Shares (18.29%); Morgan Stanley & Co., Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 514,120 Shares (17.50%); MLPF&S, Jacksonville, FL, owned approximately 335,105 Shares (11.40%); and Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA, owned approximately 227,103 Shares (7.73%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class B Shares: Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA, owned approximately 95,730 Shares (54.81%); First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 23,886 Shares (13.67%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 17,202 Shares (9.85%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 14,267 Shares (8.16%); and Raymond James, St. Petersburg, FL, owned approximately 9,556 Shares (5.47%).
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. is organized in the state of California and is a subsidiary of The Charles Schwab Corporation; organized in the state of Delaware.
Tax Information
Federal Income Tax
The Fund intends to meet requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies. If these requirements are not met, it will not receive special tax treatment and will be subject to federal corporate income tax.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax purposes so that income earned and capital gains and losses realized by the Trust's other portfolios will be separate from those realized by the Fund.
The Fund is entitled to a loss carryforward, which may reduce the taxable income or gain that the Fund would realize, and to which the shareholder would be subject, in the future.
Tax Basis Information
The Fund's Transfer Agent is required to provide you with the cost basis information on the sale of any of your Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.
18

State Taxes
Under existing New York laws, distributions made by the Fund will not be subject to New York State or New York City personal income taxes to the extent that such distributions qualify as exempt-interest dividends under the Code, and represent interest income attributable to obligations issued by the state of New York and its political subdivisions as well as certain other obligations, the interest on which is exempt from New York State and New York City personal income taxes, such as, for example, certain obligations of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. Conversely, to the extent that distributions made by the Fund are derived from other types of obligations, such distributions will be subject to New York State and New York City personal income taxes.
The Fund cannot predict in advance the exact portion of its dividends that will be exempt from New York State and New York City personal income taxes. However, the Fund will report to shareholders at least annually what percentage of the dividends it actually paid is exempt from such taxes.
Dividends paid by the Fund are exempt from the New York City unincorporated business taxes to the same extent that they are exempt from the New York City personal income taxes.
Dividends paid by the Fund are not excluded from net income in determining New York State or New York City franchise taxes on corporations or financial institutions.
State and Local Taxes
Income from the Fund is not necessarily free from taxes in states other than New York. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of their accounts under state and local tax laws.
Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?
Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible for managing the Trust's business affairs and for exercising all the Trust's powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Trustee and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Trustees) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Trustees). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Trustees listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2015, the Trust comprised five portfolios, and the Federated Fund Complex consisted of 38 investment companies (comprising 122 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee oversees all portfolios in the Federated Fund Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
As of October 4, 2016, the Fund's Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of each class of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
■  Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
■  Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board's current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
■  No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
■  Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
■  Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
■  Diversity of background.
19

interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Passport Research, Ltd. (investment advisory subsidiary of Federated); Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.
$0 $0
John B. Fisher*
Birth Date: May 16, 1956
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: May 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Director/Trustee and CEO, Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company; President and CEO of Passport Research, Ltd.; President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex and Director, Federated Investors Trust Company.
Qualifications: President and Director of the Institutional Sales Division of Federated Securities Corp.; President and Director of Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Edgewood Securities Corp.; Director, Federated Services Company; Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. and President, Technology, Federated Services Company.
$0 $0
* Reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and John B. Fisher are interested due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Investors, Inc. and due to positions they hold with Federated and its subsidiaries. J. Christopher Donahue is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman Emeritus of the Federated Funds.
Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee member, KLX Corp.
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm). Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp.; Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$225.39 $261,250
20

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2015
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Publix Super Markets, Inc.; Director, Equifax, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hough is an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association; he serves on the President's Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama and is on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University.
$261.58 $107,540.05
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2009
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; Adjunct Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously served as: Associate General Secretary, Diocese of Pittsburgh; a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania; and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green also holds the positions on either a public or not for profit Board of Directors as follows: Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, St. Vincent Seminary; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; Director, Saint Vincent College; and Director and Chair, Cardinal Wuerl North Catholic High School, Inc. Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; and Director, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.
$225.39 $261,250
Peter E. Madden
Birth Date: March 16, 1942
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1991
Principal Occupation: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Madden has served in several business management, mutual fund services and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Madden previously served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, State Street Bank and Trust Company (custodian bank) and State Street Corporation (financial services). He was Director, VISA USA and VISA International; and Chairman and Director, Massachusetts Bankers Association. Mr. Madden served as Director, Depository Trust Corporation; and Director, The Boston Stock Exchange. Mr. Madden also served as a Representative to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Court.
$275.48 $322,500
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Birth Date: April 10, 1945
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: January 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Mansfield has served in several banking, business management and educational roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Mansfield previously served as Chief Executive Officer, PBTC International Bank; Partner, Arthur Young & Company (now Ernst & Young LLP); Chief Financial Officer of Retail Banking Sector, Chase Manhattan Bank; Senior Vice President, HSBC Bank USA (formerly, Marine Midland Bank); Vice President, Citibank; Assistant Professor of Banking and Finance, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University; Executive Vice President DVC Group, Inc. (marketing, communications and technology).
$204.89 $237,500
21

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
Thomas M. O'Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2006
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Fund Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O'Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O'Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity and Director, The Golisano Children's Museum of Naples, Florida. Mr. O'Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); and Director, Midway Pacific (lumber).
$240.77 $261,250
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey serves as Board Member, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Board member, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$204.89 $237,500
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: June 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$215.34 $286,250
OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
John W. McGonigle
Birth Date: October 26, 1938
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Officer since: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.
Previous Positions: Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Services Company and Federated Securities Corp.
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
Treasurer
Officer since: April 2013
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Fund Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp. and Edgewood Services, Inc.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc.
22

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
Richard B. Fisher
Birth Date: May 17, 1923
Vice Chairman
Officer since: August 2002
Principal Occupations: Vice Chairman or Vice President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman, Federated Securities Corp.
Previous Positions: President and Director or Trustee of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Executive Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Securities Corp.
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
Officer since: January 2005
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer of the Federated Fund Complex. He is General Counsel and Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Federated Administrative Services and Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Investors, Inc.
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: July 2015
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Investors, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Investors, Inc. Prior to joining Federated, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
Chief Investment Officer
Officer since: February 2010
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated's taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
* Officers do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
In addition, the Fund has appointed an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. Effective August 16, 2013, in the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. Directors/Trustees Emeritus appointed prior to August 16, 2013 are paid 20% of the annual base compensation. In addition, the Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
23

The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund's most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
John F. Donahue
Chairman Emeritus
$0.00 $0.00
John T. Conroy, Jr. $5.50 $47,500.00
Nicholas Constantakis $5.50
$47,500.00
Robert J. Nicholson $5.50
$47,500.00
James F. Will $5.50
$47,500.00
1 The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time.
BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive J. Christopher Donahue
Peter E. Madden
John S. Walsh
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. One
Audit John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O'Neill
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund's financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund's internal audit function. Ten
Nominating John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Peter E. Madden
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Thomas M. O'Neill
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund's Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund's agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund's address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate's qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. One
24

BOARD'S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board's role in overseeing the Fund's general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated's Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund's financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund's Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated's Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2015
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue None Over $100,000
John B. Fisher None Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
   
John T. Collins None Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough None $50,001-$100,000
Maureen Lally-Green None Over $100,000
Peter E. Madden None Over $100,000
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. $10,001 - $50,000 Over $100,000
Thomas M. O'Neill None Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey None Over $100,000
John S. Walsh None Over $100,000
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Trust.
Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager's compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers' compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund's Portfolio Manager is provided as of the end of the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
25

J. Scott Albrecht, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by J. Scott Albrecht
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 4/$874.6 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
J. Scott Albrecht is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (i.e., S&P Municipal Bond NY, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Albrecht is also the portfolio manager for other funds or accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which Mr. Albrecht is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund or account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one IPP group (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP Group, IPP is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP Group. At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to the other funds or accounts or activities used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Mr. Albrecht serves on one or more Investment Teams that establishes guidelines on various performance drivers (e.g., currency, duration, sector, volatility and/or yield curve) for taxable, fixed income products. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to Fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by SEC rules, the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund's portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser's policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
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Proxy Voting Policies
The Adviser's general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the General Policy.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company's voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
On matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of: (1) a proposal to require a company's audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; (2) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; in favor of shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (3) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (4) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (5) a proposal to ratify the board's selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (6) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (7) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; (8) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (9) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”); (10) the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election, but against any director who: (a) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (b) serves as the company's chief financial officer; (c) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (d) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (e) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (f) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year.
On matters of capital structure, generally the Adviser will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.
On matters relating to management compensation, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (3) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will vote proxies consistent with the General Policy. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors based upon its analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy and the expected impact on the long-term value of the securities being voted. The Adviser generally votes proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company's board. The Adviser believes that a company's board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. However, the Adviser would vote for shareholder proposals not supported by the company's board that the Adviser regards as: (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the total return of the voted security; and (b) unlikely to be adopted by the company's board in the absence of shareholder direction.
In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
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Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee's behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser's investment professionals, as necessary; bringing requests to the Proxy Committee from the Adviser's investment professionals for voting contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.
The Adviser has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of the Adviser's clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by the Adviser); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee's final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote. A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund's Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did. Alternatively, the Proxy Committee may seek direction from the Fund's Board on how a proposal concerning an Interested Company shall be voted, and shall follow any such direction provided by the Board. In seeking such direction, the Proxy Committee will disclose the reason such company is considered an Interested Company and may provide a recommendation on how such proposal should be voted and the basis for such recommendation.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders' meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the client's proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund.
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Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company's outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company's securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers' Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders' meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
■  A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
■  Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include: identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual Shareholder Report and Semi-Annual Shareholder Report contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
The disclosure policy of the Fund and the Adviser prohibits the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to any investor or intermediary before the same information is made available to other investors. Employees of the Adviser or its affiliates who have access to nonpublic information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings are prohibited from trading securities on the basis of this information. Such persons must report all personal securities trades and obtain pre-clearance for all personal securities trades other than mutual fund shares.
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Firms that provide administrative, custody, financial, accounting, legal or other services to the Fund may receive nonpublic information about Fund portfolio holdings for purposes relating to their services. The Fund may also provide portfolio holdings information to publications that rate, rank or otherwise categorize investment companies. Traders or portfolio managers may provide “interest” lists to facilitate portfolio trading if the list reflects only that subset of the portfolio for which the trader or portfolio manager is seeking market interest. A list of service providers, publications and other third parties who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information appears in the Appendix to this SAI.
The furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to any third party (other than authorized governmental or regulatory personnel) requires the prior approval of the President of the Adviser and of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. The President of the Adviser and the Chief Compliance Officer will approve the furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In that regard, and to address possible conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of the Adviser and its affiliates, the following procedures apply. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Adviser, any affiliate of the Adviser or any of their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Before information is furnished, the third party must sign a written agreement that it will safeguard the confidentiality of the information, will use it only for the purposes for which it is furnished and will not use it in connection with the trading of any security. Persons approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information will receive it as often as necessary for the purpose for which it is provided. Such information may be furnished as frequently as daily and often with no time lag between the date of the information and the date it is furnished. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information and the purposes for which it is furnished.
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable price. Fixed-income securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a security. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund's Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. When the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investment decisions, and trading, for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser are generally made, and conducted, independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance, recordkeeping and financial reporting services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS provides Administrative Services for a fee based upon the rates set forth below paid on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For purposes of determining the appropriate rate breakpoint, “Investment Complex” is defined as all of the Federated Funds subject to a fee under the Administrative Services Agreement with FAS. FAS is also entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
Administrative Services
Fee Rate
Average Daily Net Assets
of the Investment Complex
0.150 of 1% on the first $5 billion
0.125 of 1% on the next $5 billion
0.100 of 1% on the next $10 billion
0.075 of 1% on assets over $20 billion
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Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, New York, New York, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund's financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
FEES PAID BY THE FUND FOR SERVICES
For the Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014
Advisory Fee Earned $128,202 $123,319 $116,890
Advisory Fee Waived $128,202 $123,319 $116,890
Net Administrative Fee Earned $25,069 $24,127 $22,833
Net 12b-1 Fee:      
 Class A Shares
 Class B Shares $14,911 $17,656 $19,974
Net Shareholder Services Fee:      
 Class A Shares $72,149 $68,340 $63,742
 Class B Shares $4,971 $5,886 $6,658
Fees are allocated among classes based on their pro rata share of Fund assets, except for marketing (“Rule 12b-1”) fees and shareholder services fees, which are borne only by the applicable class of Shares.
Financial Information
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated New York Municipal Income Fund dated August 31, 2016.
Investment Ratings
Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) LONG-TERM Issue RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations: the likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; the nature of and provisions of the obligation; and the protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
S&P Rating Outlook
An S& P rating outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in the economic and/or fundamental business conditions.
Positive—Positive means that a rating may be raised.
Negative—Negative means that a rating may be lowered.
Stable—Stable means that a rating is not likely to change.
Developing—Developing means a rating may be raised or lowered.
N.M.—N.M. means not meaningful.
S&P Short-Term Issue RATINGS
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the United States, for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper.
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
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MOODY'S Investor Services, Inc. (MOODY's) LONG-TERM RATINGS
Moody's long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
MOODY'S Short-Term RATINGS
Moody's short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
FITCH, INC. (Fitch) LONG-TERM Debt RATINGs
Fitch long-term ratings report Fitch's opinion on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the rating is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, Fitch long-term ratings also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality—“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality—“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality—“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality—“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative—“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative—“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk—Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk—Default of some kind appears probable.
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C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk—Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.
RD: Restricted Default—“RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default—“D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
FITCH SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGs
A Fitch short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality—Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality—Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality—The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality—Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk—Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default—Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default—Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A.M. BEST Company, Inc. (a.m. best) LONG-TERM DEBT and Preferred Stock RATINGS
A Best's long-term debt rating is Best's independent opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its ongoing financial obligations to security holders when due.
aaa: Exceptional—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an exceptional ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
aa: Very Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a very strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
a: Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
bbb: Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to meet the terms of the obligation; however, the issue is more susceptible to changes in economic or other conditions.
bb: Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin or principal and interest payment protection and vulnerability to economic changes.
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b: Very Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has very speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin of principal and interest payment protection and extreme vulnerability to economic changes.
ccc, cc, c: Extremely Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has extremely speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a minimal margin of principal and interest payment protection and/or limited ability to withstand adverse changes in economic or other conditions.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
Ratings from “aa” to “ccc” may be enhanced with a “+” (plus) or “-” (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category.
A.M. BEST SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS
A Best's short-term debt rating is Best's opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its financial obligations having original maturities of generally less than one year, such as commercial paper.
AMB-1+ Strongest—Assigned to issues where the issuer has the strongest ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-1 Outstanding—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an outstanding ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-2 Satisfactory—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a satisfactory ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-3 Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to repay short-term debt obligations; however, adverse economic conditions likely will reduce the issuer's capacity to meet its financial commitments.
AMB-4 Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics and is vulnerable to adverse economic or other external changes, which could have a marked impact on the company's ability to meet its financial commitments.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
A.M. Best Rating Modifiers
Both long- and short-term credit ratings can be assigned a modifier.
u—Indicates the rating may change in the near term, typically within six months. Generally is event-driven, with positive, negative or developing implications.
pd—Indicates ratings assigned to a company that chose not to participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process. (Discontinued in 2010)
i—Indicates rating assigned is indicative.
A.M. BEST RATING OUTLOOK
A.M. Best Credit Ratings are assigned a Rating Outlook that indicates the potential direction of a credit rating over an intermediate term, generally defined as the next 12 to 36 months.
Positive—Indicates possible ratings upgrade due to favorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Negative—Indicates possible ratings downgrade due to unfavorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Stable—Indicates low likelihood of rating change due to stable financial/market trends.
Not Rated
Certain nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) may designate certain issues as NR, meaning that the issue or obligation is not rated.
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Addresses
Federated New York Municipal Income Fund
Class A Shares
Class B Shares
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp.
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Wall Street
New York, NY 10286
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111
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Appendix A
The following is a list of persons, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information concerning the Federated Fund Complex; however, certain persons below might not receive such information concerning the Fund:
CUSTODIAN(S)
The Bank of New York Mellon
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP
LEGAL COUNSEL
Goodwin Procter LLP
K&L Gates LLP
Financial Printer(S)
RR Donnelley & Sons Company
Proxy Voting Administrator
Glass Lewis & Co.
SECURITY PRICING SERVICES
Interactive Data Corporation
Markit Group Limited
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Thomson Reuters Corporation
RATINGS AGENCIES
Fitch, Inc.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Other SERVICE PROVIDERS
Other types of service providers that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information include service providers offering, for example, trade order management systems, portfolio analytics, or performance and accounting systems, such as:
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Barclays Inc.
Bloomberg L.P.
Citibank, N.A.
Electra Information Systems
Informa Investment Solutions, Inc.
Investortools, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc.
MSCI Inc.
SunGard Data Systems Inc.
The Yield Book, Inc.
Wolters Kluwer N.V.
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Appendix B - New York State Risk
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of the Fund's policy of concentrating its investments in particular state issuers. Such information supplements the information in the prospectus. It is derived from sources that are generally available to investors and is believed to be accurate. Such information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to securities offerings of issuers of each particular state. The Trust has not independently verified this information.
The following describes economic conditions which may not continue and could change materially. There can be no assurance that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions.
NEW YORK
Information as of September 30, 2016
Special Considerations Relating to New York
State Economy
The State has a diverse economy with a relatively large share of the nation's financial activities, employment in the information, health services and education sectors, but a rather small share of the nation's farming and mining activity. The State has the fourth highest population in the nation, and its residents have a comparatively high level of personal wealth. The most significant sectors of the State's economy differ from those of the national economy. Travel and tourism comprises a significant part of the economy. The State's location, airport facilities and natural harbors have made it an essential link in international commerce. Manufacturing and construction account for smaller shares of employment for the State than for the nation, while service industries account for a larger share. Like the rest of the nation, New York has a declining proportion of its workforce engaged in manufacturing and an increasing proportion engaged in service industries. The financial activities sector share of total State wages is particularly large relative to the nation. During an economic recession that is concentrated in construction and manufacturing, the State is likely to be less affected than the nation as a whole; however, the State is more likely to be affected during a recession that is concentrated in the services sector. The City has the highest population of any city in the nation and is the center of the nation's largest metropolitan area. The City accounts for a large percentage of the State's residents and personal income.
The discussion that follows regarding the status of the U.S. and State economies is primarily based on information published by the State Division of the Budget (“DOB”) no later than May 2016. All predictions and past performance information regarding the U.S. and State economies contained in this subsection were made on or before that date even though they may be stated in the present tense and may no longer be accurate.
The State's private sector labor market has continued to outperform expectations, as the most recent detailed data indicate continued robust growth in professional and business services, transportation and warehousing, construction and real estate services, education and health care. As a result, DOB's outlook for private sector job growth for 2016 was revised up slightly from 1.5 percent to 1.6 percent, following strong growth of 2.2 percent for 2015. Total employment growth for both 2015 and 2016 were also slightly revised up to 1.9 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively.
Continued strong job growth has also led to an upward revision to non-bonus wage growth to 5 percent for fiscal year 2016, the strongest since the start of the State's most recent recession. However, the equity market correction that began late last year is estimated to have weighed even more heavily on bonus payouts for the 2015-16 bonus season than originally thought. As a result, estimated finance and insurance sector bonus growth for fiscal year 2016 has been revised down to 6.3 percent. On balance, overall wage growth for fiscal year 2016 has been revised up to 4.6 percent with strong non-bonus wage growth more than compensating for the large decline in bonuses. Finance and insurance sector bonuses are projected to grow 3.7 percent for fiscal year 2017, but from a lower level than the 30-day estimate, with overall wage growth now projected at 4.3 percent.
The performance of the State's private-sector labor market remains robust, but there are significant risks to the forecast. As the nation's financial capital, both the volume of financial market activity and the volatility of equity markets pose a particular large degree of uncertainty for New York. If equity market growth proves to be weaker than anticipated, bonus payouts for the 2016-17 bonus season could be much lower than anticipated. Moreover, under the still evolving regulatory environment, the pattern of Wall Street bonus payouts continues to shift, with payments now more widely dispersed throughout the year. Taxable payouts can represent both current-year awards and deferred payments from prior years, with the deferral ratio itself proving to be unstable. As a result, the uncertainty surrounding bonus projections continues to mount. Recent events also have demonstrated how sensitive
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financial markets can be to shifting expectations surrounding energy prices, Federal Reserve policy and global growth. Financial market gyrations are likely to have a larger impact on the State economy than on the nation as a whole. If interest rates increase, the increase may have a larger impact on the State economy than on the nation as a whole. Should financial and real estate markets be either weaker or stronger than we expect, both bonuses and taxable capital gains realizations could be correspondingly affected.
There can be no assurance that the State economy will not experience results worse than those predicted in the 2017 fiscal year or subsequent fiscal years, with related material and adverse effects on the State's estimates of receipts and disbursements.
State Budget
Each year, the Governor is required to provide the State Legislature with a balanced executive budget which constitutes the proposed State financial plan for the ensuing fiscal year. The State's fiscal year for 2016 ended on March 31, 2016 (the “2016 fiscal year”). The State's fiscal year for 2017 runs from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017 (the “2017 fiscal year”). The Governor's executive budget is required to be balanced on a cash basis and that is the primary focus of DOB in preparing the financial plan for the State. State finance law also requires the State financial plan to be reported using generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), in accordance with standards and regulations set forth by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”). As such, the State reports its financial results on both the cash accounting basis, showing receipts and disbursements, and the GAAP modified accrual basis, showing revenues and expenditures. In May 2016, DOB published the Enacted Budget Financial Plan for Fiscal Year 2017 (“2017 Budget”), which updates the State's official financial plans for fiscal years 2017 through 2020 (the “Fiscal Plan”). The State financial results, as described below, are calculated on a cash accounting basis, unless specified otherwise. The GAAP projections for the State's budget can be obtained from DOB.
In the 2017 Budget, the DOB projected a General Fund closing cash balance of $6.1 billion for the end of the 2017 fiscal year, a decrease of $2.9 billion from the 2016 fiscal year results. The decrease was principally caused by the expected transfer of monetary settlements from the General Fund to other funds in fiscal year 2017. The State ended fiscal year 2016 with a General Fund closing cash balance of $8.9 billion in State Operating Funds, or $3.9 billion above the 2016 Budget projection.
The budget forecasts are based on assumptions of economic performance, revenue collections, spending patterns and projections of the costs of program activities. There can be no guarantee that the State's financial position will not change materially and adversely from current projections. If this were to happen, the State would be required to take additional gap-closing actions, such as decreases in State agency operations; delays or decreases in payments to local governments or other recipients of State aid; delays in or suspension of capital maintenance and construction; extraordinary financing of operating expenses; or other actions. In some cases, the ability of the State to implement these actions requires the approval of the Legislature and cannot be implemented unilaterally by the Governor.
Special Considerations
Many complex political, social, economic, financial and environmental forces influence the State's economy and finances, which may in turn affect the 2017 Budget. These factors may affect the State unpredictably from fiscal year to fiscal year and are influenced by governments, institutions and events that are not subject to the State's control. The 2017 Budget is also based on numerous assumptions, including forecasts of national and State economic activity and the ability of the State to collect related tax receipts as projected. Economic forecasts have frequently failed to predict accurately the timing and magnitude of changes in the national and State economies. In certain fiscal years, actual collections were substantially below the levels predicted for the year. In addition, surplus projections in future years are based on the assumption that annual growth in State Operating Funds spending is limited to 2 percent, and that all savings that result from the 2 percent limit will be made available to the General Fund. There can be no assurance that the State's actual results will not differ materially and adversely from the current forecast.
There are numerous uncertainties and risks that could affect the 2017 Budget, including the impact of: general economic and business conditions; changes in political, social, economic, and environmental conditions, including climate change and extreme weather events; impediments to the implementation of gap-closing actions; regulatory initiatives and compliance with governmental regulations; litigation; actions by the Federal government to reduce or disallow expected aid, including Federal aid authorized or appropriated by Congress, but subject to sequestration, administrative actions, or other actions that would reduce aid to the State; and various other events, conditions, and circumstances, many of which are beyond the control of the State.
The 2017 Budget forecast also contains specific transaction risks and other uncertainties that, if they were to materialize, could have a negative affect on the 2017 fiscal year or in future years, including, but not limited to, the receipt of certain payments from public authorities; receipt of miscellaneous revenues at the levels expected in the Financial Plan, and achievement of cost-saving measures including, but not limited to, transfer of available fund balances to the General Fund at levels currently projected.
The 2017 Budget projections generally assume that School Aid and Medicaid disbursements will be limited to the annual growth in State personal income and the ten-year average growth in the medical component of the CPI, respectively. The 2017 Budget, however, includes a 6.5 percent School Aid increase, compared to the personal income indexed rate of 3.9 percent.
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Climate change poses long-term threats to physical and biological systems. Potential hazards and risks related to climate change for the State include, among other items, rising sea levels, more severe coastal flooding and erosion hazards and more intense storms. Storms in recent years, including Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee, have demonstrated vulnerabilities in the State's infrastructure (including mass transit systems, power transmission and distribution systems, and other critical lifelines) to extreme weather events, including coastal flooding caused by storm surges. The DOB expects that significant long-term planning and investment by the federal government, State, municipalities and public utilities will be needed to adapt existing infrastructure to climate change risks.
Little more than a year after Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee disrupted power and caused extensive flooding to numerous State counties, Superstorm Sandy hammered the East Coast on October 29, 2012, causing massive infrastructure damage and economic losses to the State and surrounding region. The frequency and strength of these storms present financial and economic risks to the State. The State's reimbursement claims for the costs of the immediate response are in process. In addition, recovery and future mitigation efforts have commenced, greatly supported by federal funds. In January 2013, the federal government authorized about $60 billion in disaster aid for general recovery, rebuilding and mitigation activity nationwide. It is anticipated that the State, MTA and State localities may receive approximately one-half of this amount over the coming years for response, recovery and mitigation costs. There can be no guarantee that all expected federal disaster aid described above will be provided to the State and its affected entities, or that it will be provided on the projected schedule.
Under legislation enacted in August 2010, the State and local governments may defer paying (or amortize) a part of their annual pension costs. Although amortization temporarily cuts the pension costs that must be paid by public employers in a particular fiscal year, it ultimately results in greater total costs when repaid with interest. Pension contribution costs greater than the State's prescribed amortization thresholds may be deferred. In fiscal year 2016, the total deferred amount of the pension payment was $356.2 million. The State is required to begin repayment on each new amortization in the fiscal year immediately following the year in which the deferral was made. The full amount of each amortization, with interest, must be repaid within ten years, but the amount can be paid off sooner. Legislation included in the 2017 Budget authorizes the State to prepay annual installments of principal associated with an amortization, prior to the expiration of the amortization repayment schedule, and thus only be required to make the related interest payments during the subsequent fiscal years associated with such prepayments. This option does not allow the State to extend the ten-year repayment schedule, nor does it allow for the interest rate initially applied to the amortization amount to be modified. For amounts amortized in fiscal year 2011 through fiscal year 2016, the State Comptroller set interest rates of 5 percent, 3.75 percent, 3 percent, 3.67 percent, 3.15 percent and 3.21 percent, respectively. The amortization threshold is projected to approximate the normal rate in upcoming fiscal years. Therefore, the 2017 Budget does not assume amortization of State pension costs beyond fiscal year 2016.
The State receives a significant amount of federal funding for health care, education, transportation and other government needs, as well as federal aid to address response and recovery to extreme weather events. Any reduction in federal funding levels could have a materially adverse impact on the 2017 Budget. In addition, the 2017 Budget may be negatively affected by other actions taken by the federal government, including audits, disallowances and adjustments to federal participation rates or other Medicaid rules.
Furthermore, the State and the Federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) have reached an agreement in principle allowing up to $8 billion in federal funding over numerous years for use in transforming the State's health care system. This funding is provided through an amendment to the State's Partnership Plan 1115 Medicaid waiver.
Fiscal Year 2017 resources have been reduced by $250 million to remove previously expected Federal Designated State Health Program (DSHP) revenue to support transformational changes in the Mental Hygiene service delivery system while the State continues to pursue the matter with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Debt outstanding and debt service costs over the course of the plan period are projected to remain below the limits prescribed by the Debt Reform Act of 2000 (“Debt Reform Act”) based on the updated forecasts in the 2017 Budget. However, the State is currently in a period of relatively limited debt capacity. The available room under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline from $4.9 billion in fiscal year 2016 to $105 million in fiscal year 2020. This includes the estimated impact of the bond-financed portion of the 2017 Budget's increased capital commitment levels. The State may implement measures to further adjust capital spending priorities and debt financing practices to stay in compliance with the statutory outstanding debt limit.
An impasse in Congress in October 2013 resulted in a temporary federal government shutdown and concern that the federal debt ceiling would not be increased in a timely way. Including the temporary suspension of the debt limit that ended that standoff in 2013, Congress has passed three suspensions since then, the most recent extending through March of 2017. A default by the federal government on payments, especially for a prolonged period, can be projected to have a materially adverse effect on the economies of the nation and the State, financial markets and intergovernmental aid payments. According to DOB, although it is not possible to know or predict the particular effects of a federal government payment default on the 2017 Budget, data from prior economic downturns suggest that the State's revenue loss could be substantial if the economy falls into a recession as a result of a
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federal default. A federal government payment default also may adversely affect the municipal bond market. Municipal issuers, and the State, could face greater borrowing costs and decreased market access, which would jeopardize planned capital investments in transportation infrastructure, higher education facilities, hazardous waste remediation, environmental projects and economic development projects. Furthermore, the market for and market value of outstanding municipal obligations, including municipal obligations of the State, could be negatively affected.
Substantially all of the State's employees become eligible for post-retirement benefits if they reach retirement while working for the State. In accordance with the GASB Statement 45, the State must perform an actuarial valuation every two years for purposes of calculating Other Post-Employment Benefits (“OPEB”) liabilities. The Annual Required Contribution (“ARC”) represents the annual level of funding that, if set aside on an ongoing basis, is projected to cover normal costs each year and amortize any unfunded liabilities of the plan over a maximum period of 30 years. Any amounts required but not actually set aside to pay for these benefits are accumulated with interest as part of the net OPEB obligation, after adjusting for amounts previously required. The unfunded actuarial accrued liability for fiscal year 2015 is $77.4 billion ($63.4 billion for the State and $13.9 billion for the SUNY), an increase of $9.2 billion from fiscal year 2014 (attributable wholly to the State). The State is currently examining GASB Statement 75, which amends GASB Statement 45 requirements. The GASB Statement 75 will alter the actuarial methods used to calculate OPEB liabilities, standardize asset smoothing and discount rates, and require the funded status of the OPEB liabilities to be reported by the State. GASB Statement 75 will be included in fiscal year 2019 financial statements. The State has reached multi-year collective bargaining agreements beyond fiscal year 2016 with two unions: the State Police Troopers and Commissioned and Noncommissioned Officers. The State is in active negotiations with all other employee unions. Due to the nature of the timing of labor agreements, DOB will informally reserve balances for possible prior-year costs for unions without current contracts.
The fiscal demands on State aid may be affected by the fiscal conditions of the City and potentially other localities, which rely in part on State aid to balance their budgets and meet their cash requirements. Certain localities outside of the City, including cities and counties, have experienced financial problems and have requested and received additional State assistance during the last several fiscal years. In 2013, the Financial Restructuring Board of Local Governments was created to provide assistance to distressed local governments by performing comprehensive reviews, and providing grants and loans as a condition of implementing recommended efficiency initiatives.
Implementation of the 2017 Budget relies on the State's ability to successfully market its bonds. The State primarily finances much of its capital spending from the General Fund or the Short-Term Investment Pool, which it subsequently reimburses with proceeds from the sale of bonds. If the State cannot sell bonds at the levels (or on the timetable) anticipated in the State's capital plan, the State's overall cash position and capital funding plan may be adversely affected. The success of expected public sales will depend on prevailing market conditions. Future developments in the financial markets generally, including possible changes in Federal tax law relating to the taxation of interest on municipal bonds, and future developments regarding the State and public discussion of those developments, may affect the market for outstanding State-supported and State-related debt.
The General Fund periodically is the beneficiary of State financial settlements. From fiscal year 2015 through fiscal year 2017, the State has received a total of $8.7 billion in financial settlements. Of this amount, $665 million has not been appropriated for use. The Budget reflects the intention to continue applying the majority of the settlement resources to fund capital investments and nonrecurring expenditures. The Budget authorizes the transfer of settlement funds over a five-year period to DIIF to finance various appropriated purposes ($6.4 billion), as well as $120 million to the Environmental Protection Fund (EPF). DOB expects the projects and activities funded with settlements funded over several years to leave a relatively large cash balance available in fiscal year 2017 and fiscal year 2018.
Recent State Fiscal Years
When the 2016 fiscal year budget was enacted, the DOB estimated that the State would end the fiscal year with a General Fund cash balance of approximately $5 billion. Largely as result of monetary settlement payments, the General Fund ended the year with a balance of $8.9 billion, approximately $3.9 billion above the initial estimates. Tax receipts, including the transfer of tax receipts to the General Fund after payment of debt services, for the 2016 fiscal year totaled approximately $66.3 billion, $608 million lower than projected in the 2016 Budget. General Fund disbursements, including transfers to other funds, totaled approximately $66.3 billion, $848 million less than the estimated amount in the 2016 Budget. The General Fund ended the 2016 fiscal year with a closing cash balance of approximately $8.9 billion, which was $3.9 billion higher than the 2016 Budget estimated amount. This balance consists of approximately $6.3 billion from monetary settlement payments that the State plans to use for one-time initiatives, $1.8 billion in the Rainy Day Reserve Fund, $500 million for future debt management actions, including debt reduction, $74 million in the Community Projects Fund, $21 million in the Contingency Reserve Fund, $15 million set aside for costs of labor agreements. The undesignated fund balance was $237 million.
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Debt Limits, Ratings and Outstanding Debt
The debt of the State and of certain public authorities (“Authorities”) consists of “State-supported debt” and “State-related debt.” State-supported debt includes: (1) general obligation debt of the State to which the full faith and credit of the State has been pledged; (2) lease-purchase and contractual-obligations of public Authorities and municipalities where the State's obligations to make payments to those public Authorities and municipalities to cover debt service on those instruments is dependent on annual appropriations made by the Legislature and not based upon general obligations of the State; (3) long-term obligations issued by the Local Government Assistance Corporation (“LGAC”) Program, a public benefit corporation empowered to issue long-term obligations to fund certain payments to local governments traditionally funded through the State's annual seasonal borrowing; and (4) State PIT Revenue Bond Financing (“State PIT Revenue Bonds”), which is issued by certain Authorities. The legislation enacting the issuance of State Pit Revenue Bonds provides that 25 percent of PIT receipts, excluding refunds owed to taxpayers, must be deposited into the Revenue Bond Tax Fund to be used to make debt service payments on these bonds. Legislation enacted in 2007 increased, under certain circumstances, the amount of PIT receipts to be deposited into the Revenue Bond Tax Fund by removing an exclusion for PIT amounts deposited to the School Tax Relief (STAR) Fund.
State-related debt is a broader category of state debt that includes State-related debt but also includes State-guaranteed debt, moral obligation financings, certain contingent-contractual obligation financings, and certain other State financings (“Other State Financings”). Debt service on State-guaranteed debt, moral obligation financings, and the contingent-contractual obligation financings is expected to be paid from sources other than the State, and State appropriations are contingent in that they may be made and used only under certain circumstances. Other State Financings relate to debt issued by an Authority on behalf of a municipality. These include capital leases, mortgage loan commitments and debt of the municipal bond bank agency to finance prior year school claims. The municipality pays debt service on such financings by assigning specified State and local assistance payments it receives. The State does not have any obligation to continue to appropriate the local assistance payments that are the subject of the municipality assignments or make any debt service payments on such financings.
Total State-related debt outstanding is projected to total $52.6 billion in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $453 million (0.9 percent) from fiscal year 2016. New debt issuances are expected to total $4.5 billion in fiscal year 2017, offset by $4 billion in debt retirements. The annual increase in debt outstanding includes $657 million for education facilities, $182 million for health and mental hygiene, $209 million for transportation and $94 million for economic development and housing. Over the period of the Fiscal Plan, State-related debt outstanding is projected to increase from $52.1 billion in fiscal year 2016 to $61.1 billion in fiscal year 2021, or an average increase of 3.2 percent annually.
Debt issuances totaling $4.5 billion are planned to finance new capital project spending in fiscal year 2017, an increase of $1.3 billion (42 percent) from fiscal year 2016. The bond issuances will finance capital commitments for education ($1.3 billion), transportation ($1.3 billion), economic development ($732 million), health and mental hygiene ($533 million), State facilities and equipment ($287 million) and the environment ($283 million). During the Fiscal Plan, new debt issuances are projected to total $31 billion. New issuances are expected for education facilities ($9.1 billion), transportation infrastructure ($9.2 billion), economic development ($5.1 billion), mental hygiene and health care facilities ($3.7 billion), State facilities and equipment ($2 billion) and the environment ($2 billion).
New State-supported debt issued on or after April 1, 2000 is subject to the Debt Reform Act. This Act imposes caps on new debt outstanding and new debt service costs, restricts the use of debt to capital works and purposes only and restricts the maximum term of debt issuances to no more than 30 years. Current projections anticipate that debt outstanding and debt service will continue to remain below the limits imposed by the Debt Reform Act. Based on the most recent personal income and debt outstanding forecasts, the available room under the debt outstanding cap is expected to decline from $4.9 billion in fiscal year 2016 to $105 million in fiscal year 2020. This includes the estimated impact of the bond-financed portion of proposed increased capital commitment levels. Capital spending priorities and debt financing practices may be adjusted from time to time to preserve available debt capacity and stay within the statutory limits.
The State finances a portion of its capital projects with General Obligation bonds. In fiscal year 2017, the State expects that $609 million of General Obligation bonds will be issued to fund projects. General Obligation bond financing of capital projects is accomplished through the issuance of full faith and credit bonds that have been authorized directly by the voters under a State constitutional requirement. General Obligation bond-financed spending ($2.6 billion) accounts for approximately 4 percent of total spending over the period of the Fiscal Plan. The Fiscal Plan assumes the continued implementation of prior authorized bond acts.
State Retirement Systems
The State and Local Retirement Systems (“Systems”) provide coverage for public employees of the State and its localities (except employees of the City and teachers, who are covered by separate plans). The State Constitution considers membership in any State pension or retirement system to be a contractual relationship, the benefits of which shall not be diminished or impaired. The present value of anticipated benefits for current members, retirees and beneficiaries increased from $216.4 billion on April 1, 2014
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to $225.7 billion (including $107.7 billion for current retirees and beneficiaries) on April 1, 2015. The funding method used by Systems anticipates that the plan net position, plus future actuarially determined contributions, will be sufficient to pay for the anticipated benefits of current members, retirees and beneficiaries. The valuation used was based on audited net position restricted for pension benefits as of March 31, 2015. Actuarially determined contributions are calculated using actuarial assets and the present value of anticipated benefits. Actuarial assets differed from plan net position on April 1, 2015 in that the determination of actuarial assets utilized a smoothing method that recognized 20 percent of the unexpected loss for fiscal year 2015, 40 percent of the unexpected gain for fiscal year 2014, 60 percent of the unexpected gain for fiscal year 2013 and 80 percent of the unexpected gain for fiscal year 2012. The asset valuation method smooths gains and losses based on the market value of all investments. Actuarial assets increased from $171.7 billion on April 1, 2014 to $184.2 billion on April 1, 2015. The ratio of the fiduciary net position to the total pension liability, as of March 31, 2015, was 97.9 percent. The ratio of the fiduciary net position to the total pension liability, as of March 31, 2015, was 99 percent.
For the 2015 fiscal year, the total State payment (including Judiciary) was approximately $2.8 billion. The State (including Judiciary) opted to amortize the maximum amount permitted, which reduced the required March 1, 2015 payment by $713.2 million. The estimated State payment (including Judiciary) due to the Systems for the 2016 fiscal year is approximately $2.5 billion. Multiple prepayments (including interest credit) have reduced this amount by approximately $2.113 billion. If the State (including Judiciary) opts to amortize the maximum amount permitted, this would reduce the required March 1, 2016 payment by $356.1 million.
Litigation
The State is a defendant in certain court cases that could ultimately affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced financial plan. The State believes that the 2017 Budget includes sufficient reserves to offset the costs associated with any potential adverse rulings. There can be no assurance that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State would not exceed the amount of all potential 2017 Budget resources available for the payment of judgments, and could therefore adversely affect the ability of the State to maintain a balanced 2017 Budget. In addition, any potential amounts may be structured over a multi-year period. It is possible that adverse decisions in legal proceedings against the State could exceed the amount of all potential 2017 Budget resources set aside for judgments, and consequently could negatively affect the State's ability to maintain a balanced 2017 Budget. The disclosure below only includes litigation where the State deems the monetary claims against the State to be material or that involves significant challenges to or impacts on the State's financial policies or practices. The State generally only deems a monetary claim to be material if it exceeds $100 million. Furthermore, the litigation discussed below does not include all pending material matters and it does not include any pending material matter where the State's legal counsel has advised that it is not probable that the State will suffer adverse decisions.
There are a number of suits pending against the State by Native American tribes that claim Indian land was taken illegally by the State. The disputed portions of land in these suits range from 3,600 acres to 250,000 acres. The remedies sought in these suits include, among other things, assertions of a possessory interest in the land, ejectment and monetary damages.
Some of the pending major cases that involve Native American claims include Canadian St. Regis Band of Mohawk Indians, et al., v. State of New York, et al. (NDNY); Shinnecock Indian Nation v. State of New York, et al. (EDNY); Matter of Town of Verona, et al. v. Cuomo, et al. (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.); Kaplan v. State of New York (Sup. Ct., Oneida Co.); and Schulz v. New York State Executive, et al., (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.).
There is a nationwide arbitration proceeding pending against the State involving the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (“MSA”) between tobacco manufacturers who are party to the MSA (“PMs”) and 46 settling states (including the State), plus some territories and the District of Columbia (collectively the “Settling States”). Under the MSA, the PMs pay the Settling States each year in perpetuity a base payment to compensate for economic harm to the Settling States for smoking-related illness. In exchange for the payments by the PMs and imposition of certain tobacco advertising and marketing restrictions among other things, the MSA releases the PMs from past and present smoking-related claims by States and provides for a continuing release of future smoking-related claims. In order to keep the base payment under the MSA, each Settling State must pass and diligently enforce a statute that requires tobacco manufacturers who are not party to the MSA (“Non-Participating Manufacturers” or “NPMs”) to deposit in escrow an amount roughly equal to the amount that PMs pay per pack sold. The State's allocable share of the total payment is about 12.8 percent of the total, or approximately $800 million on an annual basis.
State of New York, et al. v. The United States of America, et al., 06-CV-810 (WDNY) is an action by the State and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority seeking (i) a declaration that defendants are liable under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) for the State's response costs and for damages to the State's natural resources stemming from nuclear contamination from the Western New York Nuclear Service Center in Cattaraugus County, New York (the “Site”), and a judgment compensating the State for such costs and damages, (ii) a declaration of defendants' responsibilities under the West Valley Demonstration Project Act (the “Act”) to decontaminate and
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decommission the Site as well as for future site monitoring and maintenance, and (iii) a declaration that the defendants are responsible for paying the fees for disposal of solidified high level radioactive waste at the Site under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. The combined federal and State costs as of the date of the published 2016 Budget amounted to approximately $2.6 billion, with the State's expenses approaching $320 million.
In Maisto v. State of New York (formerly identified as Hussein v. State of New York), plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the State's system of financing public education violates Section 1 of Article 11 of the State Constitution, on the ground that it fails to provide a sound basic education. In a decision and order dated July 21, 2009, Supreme Court, Albany County, denied the State's motion to dismiss the action. The State appealed this denial to the Appellate Division, Third Department. On January 13, 2011, the Appellate Division, Third Department, affirmed the denial of the motion to dismiss. On May 6, 2011, the Third Department granted defendants leave to appeal to the Court of Appeals. On June 26, 2012, the Court of Appeals affirmed the denial of the State's motion to dismiss. Trial commenced on January 21, 2015 and was completed on March 12, 2015. The parties submitted their proposed findings of fact on October 28, 2015. Plaintiffs' memorandum of law was due on November 27, 2015 and defendants' memorandum of law was filed on January 25, 2016.
In Aristy-Farer, et al. v. The State of New York, et al. (Sup. Ct., N.Y. Co.), commenced February 6, 2013, plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the provisions of L. 2012, Chapter 53 and L. 2012, Chapter 57, Part A Section 1, which links payment of State school aid increases for the 2012-13 school year to submission of approvable teacher evaluation plans by local school districts violates, among other provisions of the State Constitution, Article XI, Section 1, because implementation of the statutes would prevent students from receiving a sound basic education. Plaintiffs moved to enjoin the defendants from taking any actions that would reduce payment of State aid disbursements referred to as General Support for Public Schools (“GSPS”) to the City pending a final determination, and the State opposed this motion. By order dated February 19, 2013, the Court granted the motion for preliminary injunction. The State appealed, and on May 21, 2013, the Appellate Division, First Department, denied plaintiffs' motion for a stay pending appeal. As a result, plaintiffs have agreed to vacate their preliminary injunction and the State will withdraw its appeal. On April 7, 2014, the Supreme Court denied the State's motion to dismiss. The State's appeal is pending. The Answer to the Second Amended Complaint was filed on February 2, 2015.
By a decision dated August 12, 2014, the Supreme Court, New York County, granted a motion to consolidate Aristy-Farer with New Yorkers for Student Educational Rights v. New York, summarized below.
In New Yorkers for Students Educational Rights v. New York, the organizational plaintiff and a number of individual plaintiffs initiated a new lawsuit on February 11, 2014, in Supreme Court, New York County, alleging that the State is not meeting its constitutional obligation to fund schools in the City and throughout the State to provide students with an opportunity for a sound basic education. In particular, plaintiffs claim that the State is not meeting its funding obligations for City schools under the Court of Appeals decision in Campaign for Fiscal Equity (“CFE”) v. New York, 8 N.Y.3d 14 (2006), and — reiterating the claims of Aristy-Farer — challenge legislation conditioning greater funding for City schools on the timely adoption of a teacher evaluation plan. Among other things, plaintiffs allege similar claims concerning other school districts throughout the State, and that the State has failed to provide assistance, services, accountability mechanisms and a rational cost formula to ensure that students throughout the State have an opportunity for a sound basic education.
Plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the State has failed to comply with CFE and the command of State Constitution Article XI to supply funding for public schools within the State, and that the gap elimination adjustment and caps on State aid and local property tax increases are unconstitutional. In addition, plaintiffs seek an injunction requiring the State to terminate the gap elimination adjustments and caps on State aid and local property tax increases, to reimburse the City for the funding that was withheld for failure to timely adopt a teacher evaluation plan, to supply increased assistance, services and accountability, to appoint an independent commission to determine the cost of giving students an opportunity for a sound basic education, and to revise State aid formulas.
The State filed a motion on May 30, 2014 to dismiss all claims, and on June 24, 2014, plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction seeking to restrain defendants from enforcing three of the four statutory provisions challenged in the underlying action. Subsequently, defendants moved by Order to Show Cause on July 8, 2014 to change the venue of the preliminary injunction application, as well as the entire action, to Albany County. The Court, via a Decision and Order dated August 8, 2014, granted defendants' motion to transfer the preliminary injunction application to Albany County, but denied that part of the motion which sought to transfer the entire action. Plaintiffs withdrew their motion for a preliminary injunction by letter dated October 27, 2014. The Court denied defendants' motion to dismiss by order dated November 17, 2014, and granted the motion of the City of Yonkers to intervene as a plaintiff in the proceeding by separate order dated November 17, 2014. Defendants filed Notices of Appeal of both November 17, 2014 decisions on December 15, 2014. Defendants filed Answers to the Amended Complaint and to Yonkers' Intervenor Compliant on February 2, 2015. The appeals of both November 17, 2014 decisions, along with the appeal in Aristy-Farer, are scheduled to be heard by the First Department February 24, 2016. Plaintiffs moved for partial summary judgment, pre-discovery, on May 29, 2015. Defendants filed opposition papers and cross-moved for partial summary judgment on
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July 31, 2015. Defendants also moved for a stay of the litigation pending the outcomes of the pending appeals. Oral argument was held on the cross-motions for partial summary judgment and the motion for a stay on November 4, 2015. The court denied both parties' motions for partial summary judgment on November 20, 2015. The court also denied defendants' motion for a stay on November 20, 2015. The court held a preliminary conference on February 3, 2016.
In Kateri Residence v. Novello (Sup. Ct., New York Co.) and several other cases, plaintiffs challenge a number of nursing home rate methodologies, including the “reserve bed patient day adjustment,” which regulates payments to nursing homes when long term care patients are receiving off-site care. Supreme Court, New York County, granted partial summary judgment to plaintiffs in Kateri, holding that the reserve bed patient day adjustment rate methodology was improper. The Appellate Division, First Department affirmed the Supreme Court's partial summary judgment decision on interlocutory appeal and remanded the case to the Supreme Court for further proceedings. The Court of Appeals denied leave to appeal on the grounds that the decision was not final. The Supreme Court directed the defendant to compute Medicaid rates for the plaintiffs' facilities, which was completed in October 2013. The parties are now conducting discovery. Plaintiffs have brought a motion, returnable March 5, 2014, to compel payment of the impacted Medicaid rates computed so far by Department of Health staff, resulting from application of the reserve bed day methodology. On June 3, 2014, the court granted this motion, directing payment of $6.5 million of the $49 million sought by plaintiff. Plaintiffs brought an additional motion to consolidate over 200 other Medicaid rate cases into the present case, which was granted. The State has filed a notice of appeal. In April and May 2015, the Supreme Court, New York County, administratively consolidated many of the reserved bed day Kateri matters under the new caption of Bayberry, et al. With respect to a portion of the newly consolidated cases, at the end of April 2015, as ordered, DOH performed additional rate calculations that incorporated petitioners' reserved bed day interpretation. Similar calculations by DOH for additionally consolidated cases, referred to under the heading of Lead Petitioner (Cabrini), were also performed. Document discovery closed on July 1, 2015; a court status conference has been adjourned to March 2, 2016, pending ongoing settlement negotiations.
There are several cases challenging the State's authority to collect taxes on cigarettes sold on reservations. In Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. Paterson, et al. and four consolidated cases, the tribal plaintiffs seek declaratory judgments that their rights under federal law have been violated by Chapters 134 and 136 of the Laws of 2010, which amended the Tax Law regarding collection of excise taxes on reservation cigarette sales to non-tribal members, and enjoining the State from enforcing those laws. The District Court for the Western District of New York rejected plaintiffs' motions for preliminary injunctions in four of the five cases, but granted a stay of enforcement pending plaintiffs' appeal. Plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction was granted by the District Court for the Northern District of New York in the fifth case. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the Western District's orders on May 9, 2011, which denied the plaintiffs' motions for preliminary injunctions, and vacated the Northern District's order granting the motion for a preliminary injunction, vacated all stays pending appeal, and remanded the cases to the respective District Courts for further proceedings consistent with the Court's opinion. In the Northern and Western District cases, the State has moved for summary judgment and the plaintiffs have moved for voluntary dismissal without prejudice. The motions were taken on submission in the Northern District on November 25, 2011 and argued in the Western District on December 20, 2011. On January 9, 2012, the District Court for the Northern District of New York granted plaintiff's motion for voluntary dismissal without prejudice and denied the State defendants' motion for summary judgment as moot.
In July 2011, plaintiffs sued the State and other Defendants in Akwesasne Convenience Store Association et al. v. State of New York, in Supreme Court, Erie County, seeking a declaration that the statutory voucher system impermissibly burdens Indian commerce and is preempted by federal law and further seeking to enjoin the implementation, administration or enforcement of the system. The court denied plaintiffs' request for a temporary restraining order and, in a decision dated August 18, 2011, also denied plaintiffs' subsequent motion for a preliminary injunction. Plaintiffs appealed to the Appellate Division, Fourth Department, which denied plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction pending appeal on September 14, 2011. By decision dated August 2, 2012, the Supreme Court, Erie County, granted defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and denied plaintiffs' cross motion for summary judgment. Plaintiffs appealed directly to the Court of Appeals by notice of appeal filed on October 12, 2012. On January 15, 2013, the Court of Appeals transferred the appeal to the Appellate Division, Fourth Department, on the grounds that a direct appeal to the Court of Appeals does not lie.
In New York Insurance Association, Inc. v. State (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.), several insurance companies and an association of insurance companies seek a declaration that certain assessments issued against the plaintiff insurance companies by the Insurance Department violate the Insurance Law and the State and federal Constitutions. The plaintiff insurance companies argue, among other items, that these assessments constitute an unlawful tax because they include amounts for items that are not the legitimate direct and indirect costs of the Insurance Department. By decision and order dated March 25, 2015, plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment was denied, defendant's motion for summary judgment was granted, and plaintiffs' third amended complaint was dismissed. On March 27, 2015, the State received plaintiffs' notice of appeal. The State has entered into a settlement with the intervener-plaintiffs pursuant to which it has agreed to reduce the amount of challenged assessments by $120 million over the next ten years. On May 14, 2015, a stipulation of discontinuance of the action by the intervener plaintiffs was filed.
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In New York State United Teachers, et al. v. The State of New York, et al. (Sup. Ct., Albany Co.), commenced February 20, 2013, plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the provisions of Education Law § 2023-a (the “Tax Cap Law”), which imposes a 60 percent super-majority requirement on school districts which seek to raise their tax levies above the previous year's levy by the lesser of 2 percent or the rate of inflation violates, among other provisions of the State Constitution, Article XI, § 1, because implementation of the statute would interfere with local control of education financing and impair the right of plaintiffs to substantially control school district finances. Plaintiffs also seek injunctive relief barring application of the statutory tax cap to local education funding. Defendants moved to dismiss the First Amended Complaint and plaintiffs moved to further file and serve a Second Amended Complaint to add a challenge to newly enacted Education Law § 2023-b (“Tax Freeze Law”). On September 23, 2014, Supreme Court Justice McGrath issued a Decision and Order which: (1) granted defendants' motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint which challenged the constitutionality of the Tax Cap Law; and (2) granted the plaintiffs' leave to serve a Second Amended Complaint to add a challenge to Tax Freeze Law. Defendants then moved to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint and, by order to show cause, plaintiffs have moved for a preliminary injunction, but not a temporary restraining order, seeking to enjoin enforcement of the Tax Cap Law and the Tax Freeze Law. Both motions were argued on February 24, 2015. By Decision and Order dated March 16, 2015, Supreme Court granted the defendants' motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint, and denied the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction. Plaintiffs filed a Notice of Appeal to the Third Department on March 24, 2015. The case has been fully briefed and was argued in the January 2016 term.
American Trucking Association v. New York State Thruway Authority, 13-CV-8123 (SDNY), is a purported class action by a trucking industry trade association and three trucking companies against the Thruway Authority, the Canal Corporation and individual officers and board members of both entities, claiming violations of the Commerce Clause and the Privileges and Immunities Clauses of the United States Constitution because of the Thruway Authority's use of revenues from Thruway Authority tolls to maintain and improve the State's canal system. The District Court granted defendant's motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to join the State as a necessary party. On August 4, 2015, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the judgment of the District Court dismissing the complaint and remanded the case to District Court for further proceedings.
Authorities: General
Generally, the fiscal stability of the State is partially dependent upon the fiscal stability of its public Authorities, including those that finance, construct and/or operate revenue-producing public facilities. These Authorities generally pay their own operating expenses and debt service costs from revenues generated by the projects they finance or operate, such as tolls charged for the use of highways, bridges or tunnels, charges for public power, electric and gas utility services, tuition and fees, rentals charged for housing units, and charges for occupancy at medical care facilities. In addition, State legislation also authorizes numerous financing structures, which may be used for the financings.
Furthermore, there are statutory arrangements that, under certain circumstances, authorize State local assistance payments otherwise payable to localities to be made rather to certain Authorities to secure the payment of debt service on their revenue bonds and notes. However, the State has no constitutional or statutory responsibility to give assistance to localities above amounts that have been appropriated therefor in any particular year. Some public Authorities also receive funds from State appropriations to pay for the operating costs of certain programs.
Authorities are not subject to the constitutional restrictions on the incurrence of debt that apply to the State itself and may issue bonds and notes within the amounts and restrictions provided for in legislative authorization. Not surprisingly, the State's access to the public credit markets could be impaired and the market price of its outstanding debt may be materially and adversely affected if certain of its Authorities were to default on their respective obligations. As of December 31, 2014 (with respect to the New York Job Development Authority, as of March 31, 2014), there were 19 Authorities with outstanding debt of $100 million or more, and the aggregate outstanding debt, including refunding bonds, was approximately $178 billion, only a portion of which constitutes State-supported or State-related debt.
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
The 2017 Budget contains the largest State transportation plan ever approved, with over $55 billion of transportation investments statewide, including $27.14 billion for State Department of Transportation and Thruway (DOT) programs and $27.98 billion for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) programs. The plan aligns capital programming for DOT and MTA over a 5-year period (fiscal years 2016-20) and includes additional commitments for priority projects and programs that extend over a sixth year. Despite an improved outlook and signs of regional economic recovery, if the national recovery were to falter and negatively impact the regional economy, MTA has limited financial reserves to offset lower-than-expected operating revenues, taxes and subsidies. The MTA plan assumes that State budget actions will provide full remittance to MTA of all resources collected on MTA's behalf.
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New York City Economy
The fiscal demands on the State may be affected by the fiscal condition of the City. The City relies in part on State aid to balance its budget and meet its cash requirements. It is also possible that the State's finances may be affected by the ability of the City, and certain entities issuing debt for the benefit of the City, to market securities successfully in the public credit markets. There can be no assurance that there will not be reductions in State aid to the City from amounts currently projected; that State budgets in any given fiscal year will be adopted by the April 1 statutory deadline; that interim appropriations will be enacted; or that any such reductions or delays will not have adverse effects on the City's cash flow or expenditures.
The discussion that follows regarding the status of the City economy is based primarily on information published by the Mayor's Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) no later than July 2016, and includes discussion of the proposed 2016 Financial Plan for fiscal years 2017-2020. All predictions and past performance information regarding the City economy contained in this subsection were made by OMB on or prior to that date, even though they may be stated in the present tense, and may no longer be accurate. All the risks to the national and State economies apply to the City economy.
According to OMB, the City's labor market has been expanding, with private sector jobs growing by 2.3 percent in 2015. Financial services jobs continued to grow after two years of contraction. As of May 2016, total employment in the City had increased by 2 percent since May 2015. The professional and business services sector continues to be a steadfast engine of high-wage employment growth, adding an annual average of 29,000 jobs in 2015 and accounting for one in five private sector jobs.
Rapid job growth has created robust office demand. Manhattan's office market finished 2015 with the highest level of occupied office space since 2008. Asking rents were also pushed up, as primary market asking rents reached a seven-year high of $76.75 per square foot at the end of last year, and secondary market asking rents reached an all-time high of $58.00 per square foot. However, there are early signs of a softening market in 2016. According to Cushman & Wakefield data, new leasing activity fell below 2.0 million square feet (msf) for the first time in seven months in May, signaling a loss of momentum. Year-to-date through May, Manhattan leasing was down 13.5 percent from last year. As a result, both midtown and downtown's vacancy rates have risen from the end of last year, while midtown-south's vacancy rate has remained flat. Vacancy rates are expected to climb higher in the next few years as the City is seeing an influx of newly-built office towers. Additionally, the City's housing market ended 2015 on a high note, and housing inventory is projected to increase in 2016 and 2017. As the residential housing market becomes more active, average housing prices continue to increase, with the total annual average price increasing 4.2 percent in 2015, driven by the higher-end segments of the market: co-ops and condos. Employment gains have not necessarily translated into increased home ownership as job growth over the past five years has been concentrated in industries with relatively low annual salaries.
OMB expects that tax revenue will exceed the $50 billion mark again in 2016, with expected growth of 2.3 percent over 2015. Property taxes are forecasted to increase 6.0 percent and non-property taxes are forecasted to grow 1.7 percent. The economic recovery is expected to continue at a decelerating pace and total tax revenue is forecasted to grow 2.8 percent in 2016, resulting in total revenues of $51.8 billion. Property tax revenue is forecasted to grow 6.0 percent in 2016 and 5.1 percent in 2017. Non-property tax revenue is expected to grow 1.7 percent in 2016 and decrease 0.9 percent in 2017. There is a risk that taxes sensitive to the financial sector will remain restrained due to the tightening of monetary policy, the impact of financial regulations and global economic uncertainty. Assuming the moderate recovery of the City economy continues through the plan period, total tax revenue will grow at 3.5 percent in 2016 before stabilizing at an annual average growth rate of 3.7 percent from 2017 through 2020.
OMB projects that the City's economic outlook is positive; however, there are several risk factors that could alter the projections. One risk is the potential slowdown of global economic growth, particularly in the Eurozone, Russia and China, as an international slump will have spillover to the City and the U.S. The decoupling of monetary policy between the Federal Reserve and other central banks will keep the dollar strong, casting a cloud over U.S. export activity. Meanwhile, at the City level, weaker foreign currencies may discourage international visitors and their spending on local goods and services. Financially, a divided leadership in Washington, further fiscal uncertainty and potential for gridlock remains a possibility.
New York City Financial Plan
On June 14, 2016, the OMB released the June 2016 Financial Plan for Fiscal Years 2016-2020. On April 26, 2016, the Mayor's office released the Executive Budget for Fiscal Year 2017 (the “Executive Budget”). On June 14, 2016, the City Council adopted the Executive Budget with certain modifications (the “City Plan.”) The City's fiscal year end is at the end of June; the 2017 fiscal year will run from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017. The City Plan's projected revenues and expenditures for the 2017 fiscal year are balanced, in accordance with GAAP (except for the application of GASB Statement No. 49, which prescribes the accounting treatment of pollution remediation costs). The budget totals approximately $82.1 billion.
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New York City Financing Program
Successful execution of the City Plan depends upon the City's ability to market its securities successfully. The City's financial program projects $40.4 billion of long-term borrowing during fiscal years 2016 to 2020 to support the City's current capital program. The portion of the capital program not financed by the New York City Municipal Water Finance Authority (“NWA”) will be split between General Obligation (“GO”) bonds of the City and New York City Transitional Finance Authority (“TFA”) bonds. During fiscal years 2016 through 2020, the City is expected to issue $14.7 billion in GO bonds and TFA is expected to issue $17.5 billion in bonds.
The City Plan is predicated on numerous assumptions, including the condition of the City's and the region's economies and the associated receipt of economically sensitive tax revenues in the projected amounts. The City Plan is also subject to a variety of other factors.
In addition to borrowing related capital projects, the City issues both revenue and tax anticipation notes to finance its seasonal working capital requirements. The success of projected public sales of City, NYW, TFA, TSASC and other bonds and notes will be subject to prevailing market conditions. The City's planned capital and operating expenditures are dependent upon the sale of its GO debt, as well as debt of the NYW, TFA, Dormitory Authority of the State of New York and TSASC.
Other Localities
Historically, the State has provided unrestricted financial assistance to cities, counties, towns and villages outside of the City. Certain localities outside the City have experienced financial problems and have consequently requested and received additional State assistance during the last several fiscal years. While a relatively infrequent practice, deficit financing by local governments has become more prevalent in recent years. Not included in the projections of the State's receipts and disbursements for the State's 2017 fiscal year or thereafter is the potential impact of any future requests by localities for additional financial assistance.
Like the State, localities must respond to changing political, economic and financial influences that can adversely affect their financial condition. For example, the State or federal government may decrease (or, potentially, eliminate) funding of local programs, therefore requiring localities to pay those expenditures using their own funds. Furthermore, prior cash flow problems for the State have caused delays in State aid payments, which in some instances have necessitated short-term borrowing at the local level. Additional factors that have had, or could have, an impact on the fiscal condition of localities include: the loss of temporary federal stimulus funding; recent State aid trends; constitutional and statutory limitations on the imposition by localities and school districts of property, sales and other taxes; and for certain communities, the substantial upfront costs for rebuilding and clean-up after a natural disaster.
Localities may face unanticipated problems as a result of pending litigation, judicial decisions and long-range economic trends. They may also require additional State assistance because of other large-scale potential problems, such as declining urban populations, reductions in the real property tax base, increasing expenditures, or the loss of skilled manufacturing jobs. Severe financial difficulties could jeopardize localities' access to the public credit markets, which may negatively impact the marketability of notes and bonds issued by the localities within the State.
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Statement of Additional Information
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A OMIAX
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Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund
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Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus. Read this SAI in conjunction with the Prospectus for Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund (“Fund”), dated October 31, 2016.
This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund's Annual Report. Obtain the Prospectus or the Annual Report without charge by calling 1-800-341-7400.


How is the Fund Organized?
The Fund is a non-diversified portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (“Trust”). The Trust is an open-end, management investment company that was established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on August 6, 1990. The Trust may offer separate series of shares representing interests in separate portfolios of securities.
The Board of Trustees (“Board”) has established two classes of shares of the Fund, known as Class A Shares and Class F Shares (“Shares”). This SAI relates to both classes of Shares. The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (“Adviser”).
Securities in Which the Fund Invests
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Securities Descriptions And Techniques
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer's earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security's yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security's yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following further describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest.
Municipal Notes (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal notes are short-term, tax-exempt securities. Many municipalities issue such notes to fund their current operations before collecting taxes or other municipal revenues. Municipalities may also issue notes to fund capital projects prior to issuing long-term bonds. The issuers typically repay the notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with taxes, other revenues or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds.
Municipal Auction Rate Securities (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal auction rate securities are tax-exempt securities that are issued (without a demand feature) generally for a specified term, during which the interest rate may be reset at specified intervals (such as, for example, every 7, 28, 35 or 49 days) by means of a “Dutch Auction” or similar competitive process. These securities may be referred to as “municipal auction rate notes.” In the auction, holders of such securities, and investors who seek to acquire such securities, indicate their interest in continuing to hold, or to purchase, the securities at rates that they specify to broker-dealers that serve as auction agents for the auction. If the auction is successful, a holder of such securities will be able to sell them at par value through the auction process. A “failed auction” occurs when, for example, the auction agent does not receive enough bids to cover the aggregate amount of securities that have been put up for sale at the auction, or the lowest interest rate at which all of the securities that have been put up for sale at the auction would be above the “maximum interest rate” set forth in the documentation for the securities, or some other reason. When a failed auction occurs, a holder of the securities may not be able to sell all or a portion of the securities it desired to sell at the auction, in which case the affected securities would pay the maximum interest rate set forth in their documentation until the next successful auction. The maximum interest rate may be a multiple of a specified index or a fixed rate, and may be dependent on other factors, such as the credit rating of the securities at the time of the auction. Municipal auction rate securities may be subject to interest rate, credit, credit enhancement, prepayment, liquidity and economic risks.
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Variable Rate Demand Instruments (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Variable rate demand instruments are tax-exempt securities that require the issuer or a third party, such as a dealer or bank (the “Demand Provider”), to repurchase the security for its face value upon demand. The securities also pay interest at a variable rate intended to cause the securities to trade at their face value. Some variable rate demand instruments are “conditional,” so that the occurrence of certain conditions discharges the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security. Other variable rate demand instruments are “unconditional,” so that there are no conditions under which the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security can terminate. The Fund treats variable rate demand instruments as short-term securities even though their maturity may extend beyond 397 days because, within 397 days, their variable interest rate adjusts in response to changes in market rates and the repayment of their principal amount can be demanded. Certain variable rate demand instruments that may be invested in by the Fund, referred to as “synthetic” variable rate demand instruments, have certain features, such as call features, that make it possible that the Fund will realize capital gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates or other similar securities. Asset-backed securities have prepayment risks.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax-exempt commercial paper is an obligation issued by a tax-exempt issuer with a maturity of generally less than nine months. Tax-exempt issuers may issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures or other permissible activities. Tax-exempt issuers may constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or other sources) to repay maturing paper. If the tax-exempt issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, and if there is not another available source of liquidity, its commercial paper may default or there may be a reduction in payments received in repayment of the tax-exempt commercial paper.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices, or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts, (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close-out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
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To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Interest Rate Futures
An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing, fixed-income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments. An index is usually computed by a sum product of a list of the designated Reference Instruments' current prices and a list of weights assigned to these Reference Instruments.
Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future, security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy the following types of options:
Call Options
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
■  Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
■  Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names.
Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
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Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Buyer”) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Seller”) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Caps and Floors (A Type of Swap Contract)
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies and/or managing its uninvested cash. These other investment companies are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of this approach should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund's portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund's ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case, all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
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Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Notes (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund's return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund's custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Reverse repurchase agreements (which are considered a type of special transaction for asset segregation purposes) are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Third-Party Lending Arrangements
Inter-Fund Borrowing
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has granted an exemption that permits the Fund and all other funds advised by subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated funds”) to lend and borrow money for certain temporary purposes directly to and from other Federated funds. Participation in this inter-fund lending program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending Federated funds, and an inter-fund loan is only made if it benefits each participating Federated fund. Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”) administers the program according to procedures approved by the Fund's Board, and the Board monitors the operation of the program. Any inter-fund loan must comply with certain conditions set out in the exemption, which are designed to assure fairness and protect all participating Federated funds.
For example, inter-fund lending is permitted only: (a) to meet shareholder redemption requests; (b) to meet commitments arising from “failed” trades; and (c) for other temporary purposes. All inter-fund loans must be repaid in seven days or less. The Fund's participation in this program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations, and must meet certain percentage tests. Inter-fund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more attractive to the lending Federated fund than market-competitive rates on overnight repurchase agreements (“Repo Rate”) and more attractive to the borrowing Federated fund than the rate of interest that would be charged by an unaffiliated bank for short-term borrowings (“Bank Loan Rate”), as determined by the Board. The interest rate imposed on inter-fund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
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Third-Party Line of Credit
The Fund participates with certain other Federated Funds, on a several basis, in an up to $500,000,000 unsecured, 364-day, committed, revolving line of credit (LOC) agreement. The LOC was made available to finance temporarily the repurchase or redemption of shares of the Fund, failed trades, payment of dividends, settlement of trades and for other short-term, temporary or emergency general business purposes. The Fund cannot borrow under the LOC if an inter-fund loan is outstanding. The Fund's ability to borrow under the LOC also is subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and various conditions precedent that must be satisfied before the Fund can borrow. Loans under the LOC are charged interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest, on any day, of: (a) (i) the federal funds effective rate; (ii) the one month London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR); and (iii) 0.0%; plus (b) a margin. The LOC also requires the Fund to pay, quarterly in arrears and at maturity, its pro rata share of a commitment fee based on the amount of the lenders' commitment that has not been utilized. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there were no outstanding loans. During the most recently ended fiscal year the Fund did not utilize the LOC.
Asset Segregation
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and SEC staff positions regarding the interpretation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), with respect to derivatives that create a future payment obligation of the Fund, the Fund must “set aside” (referred to sometimes as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures, while the derivative contracts are open. For example, with respect to forwards and futures contracts that are not contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund must cover its open positions by setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the contracts' full, notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside cash or readily marketable securities in an amount equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market (“net”) obligations, if any (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the notional value.
The Fund will employ another approach to segregating assets to cover options that it sells. If the Fund sells a call option, the Fund will set aside either the Reference Instrument subject to the option, cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the current market value of the Reference Instrument. In no event, will the value of the cash or readily marketable securities set aside by the Fund be less than the exercise price of the call option. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the exercise price of the put option.
The Fund's asset segregation approach for swap agreements varies among different types of swaps. For example, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Buyer, then it will set aside cash or readily marketable securities necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations under the swap. By comparison, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Seller, then the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional amount of the swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a Credit Event. For some other types of swaps, such as interest rate swaps, the Fund will calculate the obligations of the counterparties to the swap on a net basis. Consequently, the Fund's current obligation (or rights) under this type of swap will equal only the net amount to be paid or received based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap (the “net amount”). The net amount currently owed by or to the Fund will be accrued daily and the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to any accrued but unpaid net amount owed by the Fund under the swap.
The Fund may reduce the liquid assets segregated to cover obligations under a derivative contract by entering into an offsetting derivative contract. For example, if the Fund sells a put option for the same Reference Instrument as a call option the Fund has sold, and the exercise price of the call option is the same as or higher than the exercise price of the put option, then the Fund may net its obligations under the options and set aside cash or readily marketable securities (including any margin deposited for the options) with a value equal to the greater of: (a) the current market value of the Reference Instrument deliverable under the call option; or (b) the exercise price of the put option.
By setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to only its net obligations under swaps and certain cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional value of such contracts. The use of leverage involves certain risks. See “Investment Risks.” Unless the Fund has other cash or readily marketable securities to set aside, it cannot trade assets set aside in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions without entering into an offsetting derivative contract or terminating a special transaction. This may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities or to realize losses on derivative contracts or special transactions. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions articulated from time to time by the SEC and its staff.
Generally, special transactions do not cash-settle on a net basis. Consequently, with respect to special transactions, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the Fund's obligations.
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Temporary Investments
The Fund may make temporary investments in taxable, fixed-income securities and the following other taxable securities (in addition to taxable repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement investments):
Treasury Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Bank Instruments (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Bank instruments are unsecured interest-bearing deposits with banks. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, bank accounts, time deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances. Yankee instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by non-U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks.
Government Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Tennessee Valley Authority in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
Investors regard government securities as having minimal credit risks, but not as low as Treasury securities.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee helps protect against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Additional Information Related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets beginning in 2008 led to market concerns regarding the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator's appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the Treasury has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The senior preferred stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Although the SPAs are subject to amendment from time to time, currently the Treasury is obligated to provide such financial contributions up to an aggregate maximum amount determined by a formula set forth in the SPAs, and until such aggregate maximum amount is reached, there is not a specific end date to the Treasury's obligations.
The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's operations and activities under the SPAs, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, downgrades or upgrades in the credit ratings assigned to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or ratings services, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
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In addition, the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and other U.S. government-sponsored enterprises that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (GSEs), remains in question as the U.S. government continues to consider options ranging from structural reform, nationalization, privatization or consolidation, to outright elimination. The issues that have led to significant U.S. government support for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have sparked serious debate regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing mortgage loan liquidity.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The credit risk of corporate debt securities vary widely across issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Commercial Paper (A Type of Corporate Debt Security)
Commercial paper is an issuer's obligation with a maturity of less than nine months. Companies typically issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures. Most issuers constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or bank loans) to repay maturing paper. If the issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, its commercial paper may default. The short maturity of commercial paper generally reduces both the market and credit risks as compared to other debt securities of the same issuer.
Investment Risks
There are many risk factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund's principal risks are described in its Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Prepayment Risk
Like municipal mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (including fixed-income or tax-exempt securities that are pooled or collateralized) may be subject to prepayment risks and the possibility that interest and other payments may not be made. Such investments also may be subject to interest rate, credit and the other risks described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument
9

declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund's Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
Risk Associated with the Investment Activities of Other Accounts
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions and/or the Fund's ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund's shareholders, and the Fund's service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), infection from or spread of malware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, and attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website or internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events consistently. Cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund's business operations or performance. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. A cyber-event may cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate the Fund's NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments to lose value. The Fund's Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events, however, there is no guarantee that the efforts of the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially. Among other reasons, the nature of malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund's Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
Investment Objective (and Policies) and Investment Limitations
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax (AMT)) and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the personal income taxes imposed by the state of Ohio and Ohio municipalities.
The fundamental investment objective and policy may not be changed by the Fund's Board without shareholder approval.
Investment Limitations
Issuing Senior Securities and Borrowing Money
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”).
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Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Investing in Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, provided that the Fund may purchase securities of companies that deal in commodities.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.
Lending Cash or Securities
The Fund may not make loans, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, lending its assets to broker/dealers or institutional investors and investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.
Concentration of Investments
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. Government securities, municipal securities and bank instruments will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Buying on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not purchase securities for which there is no readily available market, or enter into repurchase agreements or purchase time deposits that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, if immediately after and as a result, the value of such securities would exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund's net assets.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest in securities subject to restrictions on resale under the Securities Act of 1933.
Additional Information
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation.
In applying the Fund's commodities restriction, investments in transactions involving futures contracts and options, forward currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts that settle by payment of cash are not deemed to be investments in commodities.
In applying the Fund's concentration limitation, investments in certain industrial development bonds funded by activities in a single industry will be deemed to constitute investment in an industry. In addition: (a) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (b) financial service companies will be classified according to end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and
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diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; and (c) asset-backed securities will be classified according to the underlying assets securing such securities. To conform to the current view of the SEC staff that only domestic bank instruments may be excluded from industry concentration limitations, the Fund will not exclude foreign bank instruments from industry concentration tests as long as the policy of the SEC remains in effect. The Fund will consider concentration to be the investment of more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
What Do Shares Cost?
Determining Market Value of Securities
A Share's net asset value (NAV) is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The NAV for each class of Shares may differ due to the variance in daily net income realized by each class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the Shareholders of a particular class are entitled. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such fixed-income securities are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers.
■  Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
■  OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
■  Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund's NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from one or more currency dealers.
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The Fund follows procedures that are common in the mutual fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share or errors that did not result in net dilution to the Fund.
Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
Pricing Service Valuations. Based on the recommendations of the Valuation Committee, the Board has authorized the Fund, subject to Board oversight, to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer's operations or liquidation.
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the prices bid and asked for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment's “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment's fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer's financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment's value.
The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to Board oversight. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of an investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Significant Events. The Board has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment's value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
■  With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
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■  Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
■  Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer's operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer's industry.
The Board has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to determine the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets when the Adviser determines that there has been a significant trend in the U.S. equity markets or in index futures trading. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board has ultimate responsibility for any fair valuations made in response to a significant event.
How is the Fund Sold?
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor (Federated Securities Corp.) offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis.
Rule 12b-1 Plan (Class A Shares and Class F Shares)
As a compensation-type plan, the Rule 12b-1 Plan is designed to pay the Distributor for activities principally intended to result in the sale of Shares such as advertising and marketing of Shares (including printing and distributing prospectuses and sales literature to prospective shareholders and financial intermediaries) and providing incentives to financial intermediaries to sell Shares. The Plan is also designed to cover the cost of administrative services performed in conjunction with the sale of Shares, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services and educational services, as well as the costs of implementing and operating the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan allows the Distributor to contract with financial intermediaries to perform activities covered by the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan is expected to benefit the Fund in a number of ways. For example, it is anticipated that the Plan will help the Fund attract and retain assets, thus providing cash for orderly portfolio management and Share redemptions and possibly helping to stabilize or reduce other operating expenses.
In addition, the Plan is integral to the multiple class structure of the Fund, which promotes the sale of Shares by providing a range of options to investors. The Fund's service providers that receive asset-based fees also benefit from stable or increasing Fund assets.
The Fund may compensate the Distributor more or less than its actual marketing expenses. In no event will the Fund pay for any expenses of the Distributor that exceed the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee.
For some classes of Shares, the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee that can be paid in any one year may not be sufficient to cover the marketing-related expenses the Distributor has incurred. Therefore, it may take the Distributor a number of years to recoup these expenses.
Regarding the Fund's Class A Shares, the Class A Shares of the Fund currently do not accrue, pay or incur any Rule 12b-1 Plan fee, although the Board of Trustees has adopted a Plan that permits the Class A Shares of the Fund to accrue, pay and incur a Rule 12b-1 Plan fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05%, or some lesser amount as the Board of Trustees shall approve from time to time. The Class A Shares of the Fund will not incur or charge such Rule 12b-1 Plan fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees.
Additional Payments To Financial Intermediaries
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators. In some cases, such payments may be made by, or funded from the resources of, companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). While Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) regulations limit the sales charges that you may bear, there are no limits with regard to the amounts that the Distributor may pay out of its own resources. In addition to the payments which are generally described herein and in the Prospectus, the financial intermediary also may receive payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan and/or Service Fees. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the
14

financial intermediary's organization. The same financial intermediaries may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments assist in the Distributor's efforts to support the sale of Shares. These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Federated funds and any services it provides, as well as the fees and/or commissions it charges.
The categories of additional payments are described below.
Supplemental Payments
The Distributor may make supplemental payments to certain financial intermediaries that are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Federated funds. These payments may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary.
Processing Support Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries that sell Federated fund shares to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement processing and transaction processing. The types of payments that the Distributor may make under this category include: payment of ticket charges on a per-transaction basis; payment of networking fees; and payment for ancillary services such as setting up funds on the financial intermediary's mutual fund trading system.
Retirement Plan Program Servicing Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries who sell Federated fund shares through retirement plan programs. A financial intermediary may perform retirement plan program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform retirement plan program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting or transaction processing, retirement plan program services may include: services rendered to a plan in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring; employee enrollment and education; plan balance rollover or separation; or other similar services.
Marketing Support Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of Shares. Such compensation, provided by the Distributor, may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client entertainment, client and investor events and other financial intermediary-sponsored events.
The Distributor also may hold or sponsor, at its expense, sales events, conferences and programs for employees or associated persons of financial intermediaries and may pay the travel and lodging expenses of attendees. The Distributor also may provide, at its expense, meals and entertainment in conjunction with meetings with financial intermediaries. Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state law or regulations, or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. These payments may vary depending on the nature of the event or the relationship.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the following is a list of FINRA member firms that received additional payments from the Distributor or an affiliate. Additional payments may also be made to certain other financial intermediaries that are not FINRA member firms that sell Federated fund shares or provide services to the Federated funds and shareholders. These firms are not included in this list. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the member firms identified in this list that have occurred since December 31, 2015, are not reflected. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any additional payments it receives from the Distributor.
Academy Securities, Inc.
ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.
Amegy Investments Inc.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services Inc.
Apex Clearing Corporation
AssetMark Trust Company
AXA Advisors, LLC
B.C. Ziegler And Company
Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.
Barclays Capital Inc.
BB&T Securities, LLC
BCG Securities, Inc.
BMO Harris Financial Advisors, Inc.
BNP Paribas Securities Corporation
Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.
Broadridge Business Process Outsourcing, LLC
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc.
Capital Financial Services, Inc.
Capital Guardian, LLC
 
 
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Capital One Investing, LLC
Cary Street Partners, LLC
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Cetera Advisors LLC
Cetera Investment Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Company, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Comerica Securities, Inc.
Commonwealth Financial Network
COR Clearing LLC
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Cuso Financial Services, L.P.
D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davenport & Company LLC
David Lerner Associates, Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
DST Market Services, LLC
Edward D. Jones & Co., LP
FBL Marketing Services, LLC
Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc.
Fifth Third Securities, Inc.
First Allied Securities, Inc.
First Southwest Company
Fort Pitt Capital Group Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation
Goldman, Sachs, & Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.
Hand Securities, Inc.
H. Beck, Inc.
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc.
HefrenTillotson, Inc.
Henderson Global Investors Limited
HighTower Securities LLC
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Independent Financial Group, LLC
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC
INTL FCStone Securities, Inc.
Intrust Brokerage Inc.
Invest Financial Corporation
Investment Professionals, Inc.
JHS Capital Advisors, LLC
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC
JPMorgan Securities LLC
JP Turner & Company, LLC
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
Jefferies, LLC
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc.
KMS Financial Services, Inc.
Kovack Securities Inc.
Legend Equities Corporation
Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation
Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.
Lockton Financial Advisors LLC
LPL Financial LLC
M&T Securities Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated
Mesirow Financial, Inc.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Mid Atlantic Capital Corp.
Midwestern Securities Trading Company, LLC
MML Investors Services, Inc.
Moors & Cabot, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
Multi-Bank Securities
National Financial Services LLC
National Planning Corporation
Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Newport Coast Securities, Inc.
NFP Securities, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC
NYLIFE Distributors LLC
Ohio National Equities, Inc.
Oneamerica Securities, Inc.
Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.
PCBB Capital Markets, LLC
People's Securities, Inc.
Pershing LLC
Piper Jaffray & Co.
Planmember Securities Corporation
Planned Investment Co., Inc.
PNC Investments LLC
Princor Financial Services Corporation
Prospera Financial Services, Inc.
Prudential Insurance Company of America The
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc.
Royal Alliance Associates Inc.
SagePoint Financial, Inc.
Securian Financial Services, Inc.
Securities America, Inc.
Securities Service Network, Inc.
Security Distributors Inc.
SG Americas Securities, LLC
Sigma Financial Corporation
SII Investments, Inc.
State Street Global Markets, LLC
Stephens Inc.
Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.
SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
SunGard Brokerage & Securities Services, LLC
Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
Synovus Securities, Inc.
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
The Huntington Investment Company
16

Thrivent Investment Management, Inc.
Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.
Treasury Curve, LLC
U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.
UBS Financial Services Inc.
UBS Securities LLC
UMB Financial Services, Inc.
USI Securities Inc.
Valor Financial Securities LLC
Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Vining-Sparks IBG, Limited Partnership
Vision Financial Markets, LLC
Voya Financial Partners, LLC
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wayne Hummer Investments LLC
Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC
Westport Resources Investment Services, Inc.
Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
17

UNDERWRITING COMMISSIONS
The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges and/or contingent deferred sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A Shares and Class F Shares of the Fund and the amount retained by the Distributor for the last three fiscal years ended August 31:
  2016 2015 2014
  Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Class A Shares¹ $76,778 $9,029 $42,495 $4,827 $35,730 $4,291
Class F Shares $78,216 $15,834 $69,008 $14,164 $79,389 $48,152
1 The date of initial public investment for Class A Shares is November 18, 2008.
Purchases In-Kind
You may contact the Distributor to request a purchase of Shares using securities you own. The Fund reserves the right to determine whether to accept your securities and the minimum market value to accept. The Fund will value your securities in the same manner as it values its assets. An in-kind purchase may be treated as a sale of your securities for federal tax purposes; please consult your tax adviser regarding potential tax liability.
Subaccounting Services
Certain financial intermediaries may wish to use the transfer agent's subaccounting system to minimize their internal recordkeeping requirements. The transfer agent may charge a fee based on the level of subaccounting services rendered. Financial intermediaries holding Shares in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity may charge or pass through subaccounting fees as part of or in addition to normal trust or agency account fees. They may also charge fees for other services that may be related to the ownership of Shares. This information should, therefore, be read together with any agreement between the customer and the financial intermediary about the services provided, the fees charged for those services and any restrictions and limitations imposed.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund generally intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right, on its own initiative or in response to a shareholder request, to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Because the Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund is obligated to pay Share redemptions to any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets represented by such Share class during any 90-day period.
Any Share redemption payment greater than this amount will also be in cash unless the Fund elects to pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio securities, valued in the same way as the Fund determines its NAV.
Redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. Shareholders receiving the portfolio securities could have difficulty selling them, may incur related transaction costs and would be subject to risks of fluctuations in the securities' values prior to sale.
Massachusetts Partnership Law
Under certain circumstances, shareholders may be held personally liable as partners under Massachusetts law for obligations of the Trust. To protect its shareholders, the Trust has filed legal documents with Massachusetts that expressly disclaim the liability of its shareholders for acts or obligations of the Trust.
In the unlikely event a shareholder is held personally liable for the Trust's obligations, the Trust is required by the Declaration of Trust to use its property to protect or compensate the shareholder. On request, the Trust will defend any claim made and pay any judgment against a shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust. Therefore, financial loss resulting from liability as a shareholder will occur only if the Trust itself cannot meet its obligations to indemnify shareholders and pay judgments against them.
Account and Share Information
Voting Rights
Each Share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Trustee elections and other matters submitted to shareholders for vote.
All Shares of the Trust have equal voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular Fund or class, only shares of that Fund or class are entitled to vote.
18

Trustees may be removed by the Board or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders will be called by the Board upon the written request of shareholders who own at least 10% of the Trust's outstanding Shares of all series entitled to vote.
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class A Shares: National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 2,168,085 Shares (37.33%); and Edward Jones & Co., Saint Louis, MO, owned approximately 489,450 Shares (8.42%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class F Shares: Edward Jones & Co., Saint Louis, MO, owned approximately 4,282,188 Shares (44.47%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 2,706,016 Shares (28.10%); and Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 525,654 Shares (5.45%).
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
National Financial Services LLC is incorporated in the state of Massachusetts and is a subsidiary of Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC which is incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.
Edward Jones & Co. is organized in the state of Missouri and is a subsidiary of Jones Financial Companies; organized in the state of Missouri.
Tax Information
Federal Income Tax
The Fund intends to meet requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies. If these requirements are not met, it will not receive special tax treatment and will be subject to federal corporate income tax.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax purposes so that income earned and capital gains and losses realized by the Trust's other portfolios will be separate from those realized by the Fund.
The Fund is entitled to a loss carryforward, which may reduce the taxable income or gain that the Fund would realize, and to which the shareholder would be subject, in the future.
Tax Basis Information
The Fund's Transfer Agent is required to provide you with the cost basis information on the sale of any of your Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.
State Taxes
Under existing Ohio laws, distributions made by the Fund will not be subject to Ohio individual income taxes to the extent that such distributions qualify as “exempt-interest dividends” under the Code and represent: (i) interest from obligations of Ohio or its subdivisions which is exempt from federal income tax; or (ii) interest or dividends from obligations issued by the United States and its territories or possessions or by any authority, commission, or instrumentality of the United States, which are exempt from state income tax under federal laws. Conversely, to the extent that distributions made by the Fund are derived from other types of obligations, such distributions will be subject to Ohio individual income taxes.
Distributions made by the Fund will not be subject to Ohio corporate franchise tax to the extent that such distributions qualify as “exempt-interest dividends” under the Code and represent: (i) interest from obligations of Ohio or its subdivisions which is exempt from federal income tax; or (ii) net interest income from obligations issued by the United States and its territories or possessions or by any authority, commission or instrumentality of the United States, which is included in federal taxable income and which is exempt from state income tax under federal laws.
Exempt-interest dividends that represent interest from obligations held by the Fund which are issued by Ohio or its political sub-divisions will be exempt from any Ohio municipal income tax (even if the municipality is permitted under Ohio law to levy a tax on intangible income).
State and Local Taxes
Income from the Fund is not necessarily free from taxes in states other than Ohio. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of their accounts under state and local tax laws.
19

Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?
Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible for managing the Trust's business affairs and for exercising all the Trust's powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Trustee and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Trustees) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Trustees). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Trustees listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2015, the Trust comprised five portfolios, and the Federated Fund Complex consisted of 38 investment companies (comprising 122 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee oversees all portfolios in the Federated Fund Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
As of October 4, 2016, the Fund's Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of each class of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
■  Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
■  Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board's current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
■  No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
■  Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
■  Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
■  Diversity of background.
interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Passport Research, Ltd. (investment advisory subsidiary of Federated); Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.
$0 $0
20

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John B. Fisher*
Birth Date: May 16, 1956
Trustee
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: May 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Director/Trustee and CEO, Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company; President and CEO of Passport Research, Ltd.; President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex and Director, Federated Investors Trust Company.
Qualifications: President and Director of the Institutional Sales Division of Federated Securities Corp.; President and Director of Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Edgewood Securities Corp.; Director, Federated Services Company; Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. and President, Technology, Federated Services Company.
$0 $0
* Reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and John B. Fisher are interested due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Investors, Inc. and due to positions they hold with Federated and its subsidiaries. J. Christopher Donahue is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman Emeritus of the Federated Funds.
Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee member, KLX Corp.
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm). Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp.; Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$346.11 $261,250
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2015
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Publix Super Markets, Inc.; Director, Equifax, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hough is an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association; he serves on the President's Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama and is on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University.
$402.25 $107,540.05
21

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2009
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; Adjunct Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously served as: Associate General Secretary, Diocese of Pittsburgh; a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania; and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green also holds the positions on either a public or not for profit Board of Directors as follows: Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, St. Vincent Seminary; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; Director, Saint Vincent College; and Director and Chair, Cardinal Wuerl North Catholic High School, Inc. Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; and Director, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.
$346.11 $261,250
Peter E. Madden
Birth Date: March 16, 1942
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1991
Principal Occupation: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Madden has served in several business management, mutual fund services and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Madden previously served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, State Street Bank and Trust Company (custodian bank) and State Street Corporation (financial services). He was Director, VISA USA and VISA International; and Chairman and Director, Massachusetts Bankers Association. Mr. Madden served as Director, Depository Trust Corporation; and Director, The Boston Stock Exchange. Mr. Madden also served as a Representative to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Court.
$423.00 $322,500
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Birth Date: April 10, 1945
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: January 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Mansfield has served in several banking, business management and educational roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Mansfield previously served as Chief Executive Officer, PBTC International Bank; Partner, Arthur Young & Company (now Ernst & Young LLP); Chief Financial Officer of Retail Banking Sector, Chase Manhattan Bank; Senior Vice President, HSBC Bank USA (formerly, Marine Midland Bank); Vice President, Citibank; Assistant Professor of Banking and Finance, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University; Executive Vice President DVC Group, Inc. (marketing, communications and technology).
$314.65 $237,500
Thomas M. O'Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2006
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Fund Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O'Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O'Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity and Director, The Golisano Children's Museum of Naples, Florida. Mr. O'Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); and Director, Midway Pacific (lumber).
$369.75 $261,250
22

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey serves as Board Member, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Board member, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$314.65 $237,500
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: June 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$330.70 $286,250
OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
John W. McGonigle
Birth Date: October 26, 1938
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Officer since: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.
Previous Positions: Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Services Company and Federated Securities Corp.
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
Treasurer
Officer since: April 2013
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Fund Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp. and Edgewood Services, Inc.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc.
Richard B. Fisher
Birth Date: May 17, 1923
Vice Chairman
Officer since: August 2002
Principal Occupations: Vice Chairman or Vice President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman, Federated Securities Corp.
Previous Positions: President and Director or Trustee of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Executive Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Securities Corp.
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
Officer since: January 2005
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer of the Federated Fund Complex. He is General Counsel and Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Federated Administrative Services and Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Investors, Inc.
23

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: July 2015
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Investors, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Investors, Inc. Prior to joining Federated, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
Chief Investment Officer
Officer since: February 2010
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated's taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
* Officers do not receive any compensation from the Fund.
In addition, the Fund has appointed an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. Effective August 16, 2013, in the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. Directors/Trustees Emeritus appointed prior to August 16, 2013 are paid 20% of the annual base compensation. In addition, the Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund's most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
John F. Donahue
Chairman Emeritus
$0.00 $0.00
John T. Conroy, Jr. $30.67 $47,500.00
Nicholas Constantakis $30.67 $47,500.00
Robert J. Nicholson $30.67 $47,411.19
James F. Will $30.67 $47,500.00
1 The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time.
24

BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive J. Christopher Donahue
Peter E. Madden
John S. Walsh
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. One
Audit John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O'Neill
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund's financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund's internal audit function. Ten
Nominating John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Peter E. Madden
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Thomas M. O'Neill
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund's Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund's agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund's address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate's qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. One
BOARD'S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board's role in overseeing the Fund's general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated's Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund's financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund's Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated's Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
25

Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2015
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue None Over $100,000
John B. Fisher None Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
   
John T. Collins None Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough None $50,001-$100,000
Maureen Lally-Green None Over $100,000
Peter E. Madden None Over $100,000
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. None Over $100,000
Thomas M. O'Neill None Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey None Over $100,000
John S. Walsh None Over $100,000
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Trust.
Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager's compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers' compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund's Portfolio Manager is provided as of the end of the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
J. Scott Albrecht, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by J. Scott Albrecht
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 4/$730.0 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
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J. Scott Albrecht is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (i.e., S&P Municipal Bond OH, Investment Grade, 3-year Plus with Tobacco 2% Constrained Sub-Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Albrecht is also the portfolio manager for other funds or accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which Mr. Albrecht is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. Within each performance measurement period and IPP Group, IPP is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP Group. At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to the other funds or accounts or activities used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Mr. Albrecht serves on one or more Investment Teams that establishes guidelines on various performance drivers (e.g. currency, duration, sector, volatility and/or yield curve) for taxable, fixed income products. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by SEC rules, the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund's portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser's policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Adviser's general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the General Policy.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company's voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
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On matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of: (1) a proposal to require a company's audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; (2) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; in favor of shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (3) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (4) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (5) a proposal to ratify the board's selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (6) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (7) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; (8) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (9) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”); (10) the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election, but against any director who: (a) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (b) serves as the company's chief financial officer; (c) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (d) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (e) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (f) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year.
On matters of capital structure, generally the Adviser will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.
On matters relating to management compensation, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (3) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will vote proxies consistent with the General Policy. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors based upon its analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy and the expected impact on the long-term value of the securities being voted. The Adviser generally votes proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company's board. The Adviser believes that a company's board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. However, the Adviser would vote for shareholder proposals not supported by the company's board that the Adviser regards as: (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the total return of the voted security; and (b) unlikely to be adopted by the company's board in the absence of shareholder direction.
In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee's behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser's
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investment professionals, as necessary; bringing requests to the Proxy Committee from the Adviser's investment professionals for voting contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.
The Adviser has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of the Adviser's clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by the Adviser); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee's final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote. A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund's Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did. Alternatively, the Proxy Committee may seek direction from the Fund's Board on how a proposal concerning an Interested Company shall be voted, and shall follow any such direction provided by the Board. In seeking such direction, the Proxy Committee will disclose the reason such company is considered an Interested Company and may provide a recommendation on how such proposal should be voted and the basis for such recommendation.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders' meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the client's proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund.
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Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company's outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company's securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers' Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders' meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
■  A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
■  Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include: identification of the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual Shareholder Report and Semi-Annual Shareholder Report contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
The disclosure policy of the Fund and the Adviser prohibits the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to any investor or intermediary before the same information is made available to other investors. Employees of the Adviser or its affiliates who have access to nonpublic information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings are prohibited from trading securities on the basis of this information. Such persons must report all personal securities trades and obtain pre-clearance for all personal securities trades other than mutual fund shares.
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Firms that provide administrative, custody, financial, accounting, legal or other services to the Fund may receive nonpublic information about Fund portfolio holdings for purposes relating to their services. The Fund may also provide portfolio holdings information to publications that rate, rank or otherwise categorize investment companies. Traders or portfolio managers may provide “interest” lists to facilitate portfolio trading if the list reflects only that subset of the portfolio for which the trader or portfolio manager is seeking market interest. A list of service providers, publications and other third parties who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information appears in the Appendix to this SAI.
The furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to any third party (other than authorized governmental or regulatory personnel) requires the prior approval of the President of the Adviser and of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. The President of the Adviser and the Chief Compliance Officer will approve the furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In that regard, and to address possible conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of the Adviser and its affiliates, the following procedures apply. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Adviser, any affiliate of the Adviser or any of their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Before information is furnished, the third party must sign a written agreement that it will safeguard the confidentiality of the information, will use it only for the purposes for which it is furnished and will not use it in connection with the trading of any security. Persons approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information will receive it as often as necessary for the purpose for which it is provided. Such information may be furnished as frequently as daily and often with no time lag between the date of the information and the date it is furnished. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information and the purposes for which it is furnished.
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable price. Fixed-income securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a security. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund's Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. When the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investment decisions, and trading, for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser are generally made, and conducted, independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance, recordkeeping and financial reporting services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS provides Administrative Services for a fee based upon the rates set forth below paid on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For purposes of determining the appropriate rate breakpoint, “Investment Complex” is defined as all of the Federated Funds subject to a fee under the Administrative Services Agreement with FAS. FAS is also entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
Administrative Services
Fee Rate
Average Daily Net Assets
of the Investment Complex
0.150 of 1% on the first $5 billion
0.125 of 1% on the next $5 billion
0.100 of 1% on the next $10 billion
0.075 of 1% on assets over $20 billion
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Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, New York, New York, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund's financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
FEES PAID BY THE FUND FOR SERVICES
For the Year Ended August 31 2016 2014 2014
Advisory Fee Earned $696,988 $718,982 $653,180
Advisory Fee Waived $247,026 $250,494 $265,208
Net Administrative Fee $136,289 $140,665 $127,594
12b-1 Fee:      
  Net Class F Shares $163,175 $165,661 $171,810
Shareholder Services Fee:      
  Net Class A Shares $165,756 $175,004 $124,953
  Net Class F Shares $268,604 $273,155 $281,030
Fees are allocated among classes based on their pro rata share of Fund assets, except for marketing (“Rule 12b-1”) fees and shareholder services fees, which are borne only by the applicable class of Shares.
Financial Information
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund dated August 31, 2016.
Investment Ratings
Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) LONG-TERM Issue RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations: the likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; the nature of and provisions of the obligation; and the protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB,” “B,” “CCC,” “CC” and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB,” but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
S&P Rating Outlook
An S& P rating outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in the economic and/or fundamental business conditions.
Positive—Positive means that a rating may be raised.
Negative—Negative means that a rating may be lowered.
Stable—Stable means that a rating is not likely to change.
Developing—Developing means a rating may be raised or lowered.
N.M.—N.M. means not meaningful.
S&P Short-Term Issue RATINGS
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the United States, for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper.
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
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MOODY'S Investor Services, Inc. (MOODY's) LONG-TERM RATINGS
Moody's long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
MOODY'S Short-Term RATINGS
Moody's short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
FITCH, INC. (Fitch) LONG-TERM Debt RATINGs
Fitch long-term ratings report Fitch's opinion on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the rating is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, Fitch long-term ratings also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality—“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality—“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality—“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality—“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative—“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative—“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk—Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk—Default of some kind appears probable.
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C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk—Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.
RD: Restricted Default—“RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default—“D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
FITCH SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGs
A Fitch short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality—Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality—Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality—The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality—Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk—Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default—Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default—Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A.M. BEST Company, Inc. (a.m. best) LONG-TERM DEBT and Preferred Stock RATINGS
A Best's long-term debt rating is Best's independent opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its ongoing financial obligations to security holders when due.
aaa: Exceptional—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an exceptional ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
aa: Very Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a very strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
a: Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
bbb: Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to meet the terms of the obligation; however, the issue is more susceptible to changes in economic or other conditions.
bb: Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin or principal and interest payment protection and vulnerability to economic changes.
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b: Very Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has very speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin of principal and interest payment protection and extreme vulnerability to economic changes.
ccc, cc, c: Extremely Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has extremely speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a minimal margin of principal and interest payment protection and/or limited ability to withstand adverse changes in economic or other conditions.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
Ratings from “aa” to “ccc” may be enhanced with a “+” (plus) or “-” (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category.
A.M. BEST SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS
A Best's short-term debt rating is Best's opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its financial obligations having original maturities of generally less than one year, such as commercial paper.
AMB-1+ Strongest—Assigned to issues where the issuer has the strongest ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-1 Outstanding—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an outstanding ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-2 Satisfactory—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a satisfactory ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-3 Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to repay short-term debt obligations; however, adverse economic conditions likely will reduce the issuer's capacity to meet its financial commitments.
AMB-4 Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics and is vulnerable to adverse economic or other external changes, which could have a marked impact on the company's ability to meet its financial commitments.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
A.M. Best Rating Modifiers
Both long- and short-term credit ratings can be assigned a modifier.
u—Indicates the rating may change in the near term, typically within six months. Generally is event-driven, with positive, negative or developing implications.
pd—Indicates ratings assigned to a company that chose not to participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process. (Discontinued in 2010)
i—Indicates rating assigned is indicative.
A.M. BEST RATING OUTLOOK
A.M. Best Credit Ratings are assigned a Rating Outlook that indicates the potential direction of a credit rating over an intermediate term, generally defined as the next 12 to 36 months.
Positive—Indicates possible ratings upgrade due to favorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Negative—Indicates possible ratings downgrade due to unfavorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Stable—Indicates low likelihood of rating change due to stable financial/market trends.
Not Rated
Certain nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) may designate certain issues as NR, meaning that the issue or obligation is not rated.
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Addresses
Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund
Class A Shares
Class F Shares
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp.
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Wall Street
New York, NY 10286
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111
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Appendix A
The following is a list of persons, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information concerning the Federated Fund Complex; however, certain persons below might not receive such information concerning the Fund:
CUSTODIAN(S)
The Bank of New York Mellon
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP
LEGAL COUNSEL
Goodwin Procter LLP
K&L Gates LLP
Financial Printer(S)
RR Donnelley & Sons Company
Proxy Voting Administrator
Glass Lewis & Co.
SECURITY PRICING SERVICES
Interactive Data Corporation
Markit Group Limited
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Thomson Reuters Corporation
RATINGS AGENCIES
Fitch, Inc.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Other SERVICE PROVIDERS
Other types of service providers that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information include service providers offering, for example, trade order management systems, portfolio analytics, or performance and accounting systems, such as:
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Barclays Inc.
Bloomberg L.P.
Citibank, N.A.
Electra Information Systems
Informa Investment Solutions, Inc.
Investortools, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc.
MSCI Inc.
SunGard Data Systems Inc.
The Yield Book, Inc.
Wolters Kluwer N.V.
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Appendix B - Ohio State Risk
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of the Fund's policy of concentrating its investments in particular state issuers. Such information supplements the information in the prospectus. It is derived from sources that are generally available to investors and is believed to be accurate. Such information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to securities offerings of issuers of each particular state. The Trust has not independently verified this information.
The following describes economic conditions which may not continue and could change materially. There can be no assurance that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions.
Ohio
Information as of September 30, 2016
Special Considerations Relating to Ohio
Ohio (referred to in this section as the “State” or “Ohio”) is the seventh most populous state. The Census count for 2010 was 11,536,504, up from 11,353,140 in 2000. The Census estimates Ohio's population for 2015 at 11,613,423.
While diversifying more into the service and other non-manufacturing areas, the Ohio economy continues to rely in part on durable goods manufacturing largely concentrated in motor vehicles and machinery, including electrical machinery. As a result, general economic activity, as in many other industrially developed states, tends to be more cyclical than in some other states and in the nation as a whole.
In earlier years, the State's overall unemployment rate was commonly somewhat higher than the national figure. For example, the reported 1980 average monthly State rate was 8.4%, compared to the 7.1% national figure. Then, in 2011, the State again experienced a lower average unemployment rate than the nation as a whole (8.8% vs. 8.9%). This trend continued in 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. In 2016, the State unemployment rate was 4.9% in January and was 4.9% in August. The unemployment rate and its effects vary among geographic areas of the State.
Consistent with the Ohio Constitution provision that no State appropriation may be made for a period longer than two years, the State operates on the basis of a fiscal biennium for its appropriations and expenditures, and is effectively precluded by law from ending its July 1 to June 30 fiscal year (FY) or fiscal biennium in a deficit position. Most State operations are financed through the General Revenue Fund (GRF), for which the personal income and sales use taxes are the major sources. Growth and depletion of GRF ending fund balances show a consistent pattern related to national economic conditions, with the ending FY balance reduced during less favorable and increased during more favorable economic periods. The State has well established procedures for, and as described below has timely taken, necessary actions to ensure resource/expenditure balances (particularly in the GRF) during less favorable economic periods such as the current fiscal biennium. Those procedures include general and selected reductions in appropriations spending. None of those actions were or are being applied to appropriations or expenditures needed for debt service or lease payments relating to any State obligations.
The GRF ending fund balance for Fiscal Year 2016 (before year-end transfers) was $764.7 million.
The appropriations act for the 2016-17 biennium included all necessary appropriations for debt service on State obligations and for lease payments relating to lease rental obligations issued by the Treasurer of State.
The following is a selective general discussion of State finances, particularly GRF receipts and expenditures, for recent and the current bienniums. The State administrations and both houses of the General Assembly have been and are committed to and have taken and continue taking actions that ensure a balance of GRF resources and expenditures.
2012-13
2012-13 Biennial Budget and Appropriations. Consistent with State law, the Governor's Executive Budget for the 2012-13 biennium was released in March 2011 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, the 2012-13 biennial appropriations Act was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor on June 30, 2011. To address the use of non-recurring funding sources in the prior 2010-11 biennium including federal stimulus amounts received under ARRA, the Act included targeted spending cuts across most State agencies and major new Medicaid reform and cost containment measures. Reflecting the tax law changes described below and a conservative underlying economic forecast, that Act provided for total GRF biennial appropriations of approximately $55.8 billion ($27.1 billion in Fiscal Year 2012 and $28.7 billion in Fiscal Year 2013). This reflected 10.5% and 10.7% increases over the 2010-11 GRF biennial appropriations and expenditures, respectively, based on total expected GRF biennial revenue of approximately $56.07 billion (a 6% increase from 2010-11 GRF biennial revenues). Fiscal Year 2012 GRF appropriations increased 3.1% over Fiscal Year 2011 actual
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spending, and Fiscal Year 2013 GRF appropriations increased 6.1% over Fiscal Year 2012 appropriations. GRF appropriations for major program categories compared to 2010-11 actual GRF spending reflected increases of 30.2% for Medicaid (13.1% for Fiscal Year 2012 over Fiscal Year 2011, and 10.0% for Fiscal Year 2013 over Fiscal Year 2012) due in large part to the absence of ARRA funding in the 2012-13 biennium and the redirection of 2012-13 biennial spending from non-GRF to GRF sources); decreases of 3% for elementary and secondary education (a decrease of 3.5% in Fiscal Year 2012 over Fiscal Year 2011, followed by a 1.2% increase in Fiscal Year 2013 over Fiscal Year 2012), 9.1% for higher education (a decrease of 10.8% in Fiscal Year 2012 over Fiscal Year 2011, followed by a 3.8% increase in Fiscal Year 2013 over Fiscal Year 2012), and 8.1% for mental health and developmental disabilities (decreases of 0.3% in Fiscal Year 2012 over Fiscal Year 2011, and of 22.4% in Fiscal Year 2013 over Fiscal Year 2012) due to the transfer of community mental health Medicaid services to the Department of Job and Family Services); and flat funding for corrections and youth services. That Act also reflected the restructuring of $440 million of Fiscal Year 2012 general revenue fund debt service into Fiscal Years 2013 through 2025, approximately three-quarters of which was accomplished by the July 2011 issuance by the Ohio Public Facilities Commission of $488.8 million in refunding bonds, with the remainder accomplished by the September 2011 issuance by the Ohio Building Authority of $149.3 million in refunding bonds.
The Executive Budget, the GRF appropriations Act and the separate appropriations acts for the biennium included all necessary debt service and lease rental payments related to State obligations (after the restructuring of Fiscal Year 2012 GRF debt service payments).
Major new sources of revenues or expenditure savings reflected in the 2012-13 appropriations Act included:
■  Transfer of the State's spirituous liquor system to JobsOhio. On February 1, 2013, the State granted a 25-year franchise on its spirituous liquor system to JobsOhio Beverage System, a nonprofit corporation the sole member of which is JobsOhio, itself a nonprofit corporation created to promote economic development, job creation and retention, job training and the recruitment of business to the State. In exchange for the franchise, the State received a payment of $1.464 billion, $500 million of which was deposited in the GRF, $863.5 million was used to make provision for payment of all debt service on $725.0 million of outstanding State bonds and notes secured by a pledge of the State's profits from the sale of spirituous liquor, and $100 million for funding certain revitalization projects. With that transfer, the State is forgoing deposits to the GRF from net liquor profits (those deposits totaled $153.0 million in Fiscal Year 2011,$92.5 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $88.0 million in Fiscal Year 2013 through the February 1 granting of the franchise to JobsOhio Beverage System). Litigation filed in April 2011 in the Ohio Supreme Court challenged, under various provisions of the Ohio Constitution, certain aspects of both JobsOhio and the General Assembly's February 2011 law that authorized its creation. On August 19, 2011, the Ohio Supreme Court dismissed this case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The 2012-13 Appropriations Act also amended the February 2011 law to remove the Governor from the JobsOhio board of directors, require JobsOhio to comply with Ohio's nonprofit corporation law unless specifically exempted from a provision, and eliminate the exclusive original jurisdiction in the Ohio Supreme Court and relax the deadlines for filing claims. In August 2011, the plaintiffs filed a complaint in the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin County, Ohio, containing many of the same challenges to both JobsOhio and the law that authorized its creation. In December 2011, the trial court dismissed this suit for lack of standing, and in June 2012 the Ohio Tenth District Court of Appeals affirmed the lower court's decision. In July 2012, the plaintiffs requested that the Ohio Supreme Court review the Court of Appeals decision, and on January 23, 2013, the Ohio Supreme Court announced that it would hear the plaintiffs' appeal solely on the question of standing. After full briefing and oral argument in late 2013, on June 10, 2014, the Ohio Supreme Court issued its decision affirming the judgment of the lower courts and concluding that the plaintiffs lack standing to bring this suit. On October 27, 2014, a former attorney for the plaintiffs in the case described above filed a new action in the Franklin County Court of Appeals in an attempt to revive these challenges to JobsOhio and the laws authorizing its creation and the transfer of the State's spirituous liquor system. The State and JobsOhio have filed motions to dismiss this new lawsuit based on that attorney's lack of standing and other jurisdictional considerations. On August 4, 2015, the Franklin County Court of Appeals granted those motions to dismiss based on its finding that the attorney lacks standing to pursue this action and that attorney promptly filed a motion for reconsideration of the Court's decision.
■  Sale of five State-owned prison facilities to private operators expected to result in a net payment to the GRF of $75 million. A case filed in August 2011 in the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin County, Ohio, challenged the authorization in the 2012-13 appropriations Act to sell these prison facilities. On August 31, 2011, that trial court rendered a non-appealable decision denying a temporary restraining order requested by the plaintiffs. The State announced on September 1, 2011 that, based on the proposals it received for five prisons, it was opting to sell only one of those facilities and that this would accomplish most of the desired financial result for the 2012-13 biennium. On December 21, 2011, the plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed their initial case without prejudice, and on July 9, 2012, the original and additional plaintiffs filed a new case in the Court of Common Pleas of Franklin County again raising the one subject rule and joinder of private and public property claims contained in the original case, but adding a claim for reinstatement and back pay of Department of Rehabilitation and Correction employees affected by prison sales. On November 20, 2012, the trial court granted defendants' motions to dismiss
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  and ruled that plaintiffs failed to state a claim for which relief can be granted. On December 18, 2012, plaintiffs filed an appeal in the Tenth District Court of Appeals, and on October 10, 2013, the appellate court rendered a decision reversing only the trial court's dismissal of the one-subject-rule claim and ordering the case remanded to the Court of Common Pleas for further proceedings. After the court of appeals on January 15, 2014 denied the plaintiffs' motion for reconsideration, both the plaintiffs and defendants filed separate further appeals which the Ohio Supreme Court on June 25, 2014 accepted for review of the one subject rule and the joinder of private and public property claims, and ordered the parties to file their briefs in accordance with the Court's rules. Briefing by the parties is complete and the Court heard oral argument in this case on May 20, 2015.
■  Reduction of local government fund allocations by $111 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $340 million in Fiscal Year 2013. Beginning in Fiscal Year 2014, allocations are made by committing to the local government fund a set percent of annual tax revenues deposited into the GRF (beginning with Fiscal Year 2013 GRF tax revenues).
■  Reduction of public library fund allocations to 95% of Fiscal Year 2011 levels resulting in expenditure reductions of $52.3 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $102.8 million in Fiscal Year 2013. Beginning in Fiscal Year 2014, allocations to public libraries are made by committing to the public library fund a set percent of annual tax revenues deposited into the GRF (beginning with Fiscal Year 2013 GRF tax revenues).
■  Accelerated phase-out of reimbursement payments to local governments and school districts in connection with the elimination of the tangible personal property tax resulting in an increased share (estimated at $293.5 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $597.7 million in Fiscal Year 2013) of the Commercial Activity Tax being deposited into the GRF.
■  Accelerated phase-out of reimbursement payments to local governments and school districts for electric power generation deregulation and natural gas deregulation resulting in a larger share (estimated at $141.6 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $147.4 million in Fiscal Year 2013) of the kilowatt-hour tax and the entire (approximately $66.0 million in Fiscal Year 2012 and $66.0 million in Fiscal Year 2013) natural gas consumption tax being reallocated to the GRF. $235 million from transfers to the GRF of unclaimed funds and from other non-GRF funds and $12 million from a tax amnesty program.
■  The 2012-13 appropriations Act also reflected various tax law changes, including: implementation of the previously postponed final 4.2% annual decrease in State personal income tax rates; elimination of the estate tax beginning January 1, 2013, previously levied at a rate of 6% on estates over $338,333 and 7% on estates over $500,000. In Fiscal Year 2010, estate tax collections totaled $285.8 million of which $230.8 million was distributed to the local government jurisdictions from which it was collected and with $55.0 million retained by the State and deposited into the GRF; and establishment of the InvestOhio income tax credit program under which investors in small businesses based in Ohio who hold their investments for at least two years may receive 10% income tax credits limited to a maximum of $10 million per investor per biennium with no more than $100 million of those credits to be issued over two years.
The 2012-13 biennial appropriations Act created a Medicaid reserve fund and authorized the OBM Director to transfer up to $130 million from the GRF, if necessary, to provide for the payment of Medicaid costs above the enacted level of appropriations. That Act also created a $104 million Unemployment Compensation Contingency Fund to pay interest on federal advances to the State Unemployment Compensation Fund, $70.7 million of which was used to make the interest payment due in September 2011, with the remaining amount applied to the September 2012 interest payment of $65.8 million. The September 2012 interest payment was also funded by a $25 million GRF supplemental appropriation and a contribution from the State's Unemployment Compensation administration fund. The Act also made changes to State construction bidding procedures and included additional authorizations for joint purchasing by and cooperation among local governments, all designed to create opportunities for cost savings.
Fiscal Year 2013 Results. The State ended Fiscal Year 2013 with GRF cash and fund balances of $2.64 billion and $2.28 billion, respectively. Of that ending GRF fund balance, the State deposited $995.9 million into the Budget Stabilization Fund (BSF) increasing its balance to $1.48 billion which was the then statutorily designated five percent of Fiscal Year 2013 GRF revenues; carried forward $963.2 million to offset the one-time cost of accelerating the phase-in of reductions in State personal income tax withholding rates, and transferred $120 million into the Unemployment Compensation Contingency Fund to pay interest on federal advances to the State Unemployment Compensation Fund and $51.3 million into disaster services/emergency funds. The remaining $147.8 million was reserved in the GRF reflecting the one-half of one percent of Fiscal Year 2013 GRF revenues the State is required to maintain as an ending fund balance.
2014-15
2014-15 Biennial Budget and Appropriations. Consistent with State law, the Governor's Executive Budget for the 2014-15 biennium was released in February 2013 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, the 2014-15 biennial appropriations Act was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor on June 30, 2013. With a stated focus on job creation and continued spending restraint, and based on a conservative economic forecast, that Act provided for total GRF biennial appropriations of approximately $62.0 billion ($30.3 billion in Fiscal Year
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2014 and $31.7 billion in Fiscal Year 2015). This reflected 11.1% and 15.1% increases over the 2012-13 GRF biennial appropriations and expenditures, respectively, and is based on expected total GRF biennial revenue (not including the $963.2 million carried-forward from the 2012-13 biennium) of approximately $61.1 billion (a 7.7% increase from 2012-13 GRF biennial revenues). Fiscal Year 2014 GRF appropriations were increased 10.3% over Fiscal Year 2013 actual spending, and Fiscal Year 2015 GRF appropriations were increased 4.7% over Fiscal Year 2014 appropriations.
The 2014-15 biennial appropriations Act reflected the tax reductions and related adjustments of major State taxes (primarily the personal income and sales and use taxes), resulting in an estimated net reduction in GRF revenues of $1.16 billion in Fiscal Year 2014 and $771 million in Fiscal Year 2015.
Medicaid Expansion. Subsequent to the passage of the GRF appropriations Act, the seven member State Controlling Board on October 21, 2013 voted 5 to 2 to increase federal Medicaid appropriations by approximately $562 million in fiscal year 2014 and approximately $2.0 billion in fiscal year 2015. These additional federal appropriations were to support the federally-authorized expansion of the Medicaid program to cover those with incomes up to 138 percent of the federal poverty level using 100 percent federal funds in fiscal years 2014 and 2015. On October 22, six State Representatives and two local right-to-life organizations filed an action in the Ohio Supreme Court against the Controlling Board and the Ohio Department of Medicaid requesting that Court vacate the Controlling Board's October 21 action. The Controlling Board and State Department of Medicaid filed their initial answer to the complaint on November 5 and, after all evidence and briefs of the parties were submitted on the expedited schedule set for this case, the Court on December 20 issued its decision upholding the Controlling Board's action.
2014 Mid-Biennium Review. On March 12, 2014, the Governor announced a series of initiatives across a range of topics resulting from a “mid-biennium review” for 2014-15 (2014 MBR), with the stated purpose of keeping Ohio moving forward. The Governor's 2014 MBR included a range of proposals in the areas of: elementary and secondary education; higher education; income tax reductions and other tax adjustments; workforce; and human services. The 2014 MBR also proposed increasing appropriations to the Department of Rehabilitation and Correction by $53.5 million to address a rise in the prison population, and reducing local property tax reimbursement and debt service appropriations for the biennium by $35 million and $92 million, respectively, due to lower than expected payments, while continuing all necessary appropriations for debt service and lease rental payments for State obligations.
Those 2014 MBR proposals were introduced in the General Assembly in March as fourteen separate pieces of legislation, seven of which were enacted by the General Assembly in May and June and addressing the subjects of elementary and secondary education, higher education, and workforce and human services. As further implementation of the biennial appropriations Act and due to positive Fiscal Year 2014 financial results, the 2014 MBR legislation passed by the General Assembly also included additional reductions and adjustments to the State personal income tax resulting in an estimated net reduction in GRF revenues of $402 million in Fiscal Year 2015.
Fiscal Year 2015 Financial Results. The State ended Fiscal Year 2015 with GRF cash and fund balances of $1.71 billion and $1.29 billion, respectively. Of that ending GRF fund balance, the State reserved $157.4 million to satisfy the requirement to maintain one-half of one percent of State Fiscal Year 2015 GRF revenues as an ending fund balance, carried forward $393.0 million to cover the planned for and modest variance of Fiscal Year 2016 GRF appropriations over estimated revenue, transferred $425.5 million to the BSF, $50 million to the health and human services fund, $42 million to the Straight A fund, $40 million to pay unemployment compensation loan interest and $20 million for disaster services.
Current Biennium
Consistent with State law, the Governor's Executive Budget for the 2016-17 biennium was released on February 2, 2015 and introduced in the General Assembly. After extended hearings and review, the 2016-17 biennial appropriations Act was passed by the General Assembly and signed (with selective vetoes) by the Governor on June 30, 2015. Reflecting a stated continuing focus on job creation, and based on a conservative economic forecast, that Act provides for GRF appropriations of approximately $34.9 billion in Fiscal Year 2016 (reflecting a 13.1% increase over Fiscal Year 2015 actual spending) and $36.3 billion in Fiscal Year 2017 (reflecting a 4.2% increase over Fiscal Year 2016 appropriations). Those total GRF appropriations of $71.2 billion for the 2016-17 biennium reflect a 14.9% increase over the 2014-15 GRF biennial appropriations and a 19.2% increase over the 2014-15 GRF actual expenditures. Total GRF revenues across the 2016-17 biennium reflect a 17.5% increase from 2014-15 GRF biennial revenues.
GRF major program categories (excluding debt service) reflect the following increases: for Medicaid; for elementary and secondary education; for higher education; for mental health and developmental disabilities; and for corrections and youth services. The Act also modifies the school funding formula.
The Executive Budget, the 2016-17 appropriations Act and separate appropriations acts for the biennium include all necessary debt service and lease rental payment appropriation authority related to State debt obligations.
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In addition, the 2016-17 biennial appropriations Act reflected tax reductions and related adjustments, resulting in an estimated net reduction in GRF revenues (relative to prior law) of $869.0 million in Fiscal Year 2016 and $952.0 million in Fiscal Year 2017.
The 2016-17 appropriations Act also created a health and human services fund to pay for public health programs or services and authorized the OBM Director to transfer $150 million in Fiscal Year 2017, which amount is in addition to the $50 million transferred at the end of Fiscal Year 2015.
OBM is currently projecting a positive GRF fund balance at the end of Fiscal Year 2017. As discussed above, the State is effectively precluded by its Constitution from ending a Fiscal Year or a biennium in a “deficit” position.
State Debt
The incurrence or assumption of debt by the State without a popular vote is, with limited exceptions, prohibited by the State Constitution. The State may incur debt to cover casual deficits or to address failures in revenues or to meet expenses not otherwise provided for, but limited in amount to $750,000. The Constitution expressly precludes the State from assuming the debts of any county, city, town or township, or of any corporation.
By 20 constitutional amendments approved from 1921 to present, Ohio voters have authorized the incurrence of State general obligation debt and the pledge of taxes or excises to its payment, all related to the financing of capital facilities, except for three that funded bonuses for veterans, one to fund coal technology research and development, and one to fund other research and development activities. Currently, tax supported general obligation debt of the State is authorized to be incurred for the following purposes: highways, local infrastructure, coal development, natural resources and parks, higher education, common schools, conservation, research and development, site development, and veterans compensation. Although supported by the general obligation pledge, highway debt is also backed by a pledge of and has always been paid from the State's motor fuel taxes and other highway user receipts that are constitutionally restricted in use to highway related purposes.
State special obligation debt, the owners or holders of which are not given the right to have excises or taxes levied by the General Assembly to pay principal and interest, is authorized for purposes specified by Section 2i of Article VIII of the Constitution.
The Treasurer of State (Treasurer) currently issues the special obligations authorized under that Section 2i for parks and recreation and mental health facilities, and for facilities to house branches and agencies of State government and their functions, including: State office buildings and facilities for the Department of Administrative Services (DAS) and others, the Departments of Transportation (ODOT) and Public Safety (DPS); correctional and juvenile detention facilities for the Departments of Rehabilitation and Correction and Youth Services, and various cultural facilities. Debt service on all these special obligations is paid from GRF appropriations, with the exception of debt issued for ODOT and DPS facilities which is paid from highway user receipts. All of those debt service payments are subject to biennial appropriations by the General Assembly pursuant to leases or other agreements entered into by the State.
Certificates of Participation. State agencies also have participated in buildings and equipment, information systems and non-highway transportation projects that have local as well as State use and benefit, in connection with which the State has entered into lease-purchase agreements with terms ranging from 7 to 20 years. Certificates of Participation (COPs) have been issued in connection with those agreements that represent fractionalized interests in and are payable from the State's anticipated lease payments. The maximum annual payment from GRF appropriations under those existing agreements is $44.3 million in Fiscal Year 2017 and the total GRF-supported principal amount outstanding is $239.8 million. Payments by the State are subject to biennial appropriations by the General Assembly with the lease terms subject to renewal if appropriations are made. The approval of the OBM Director and either the General Assembly or the State controlling board is required if COPs are to be publicly-offered in connection with those agreements.
Revenue Bonds. Certain State agencies issue revenue bonds that are payable from revenues from or relating to revenue producing facilities, such as those issued by the Ohio Turnpike and Infrastructure Commission. By judicial interpretation, such revenue bonds do not constitute “debt” under the constitutional provisions described above. The Constitution authorizes State bonds for certain economic development and housing purposes (the latter issued by the Ohio Housing Finance Agency) to which tax moneys may not be obligated or pledged.
Tax Credits in Support of Other Long Term Obligations. The State has authorized the issuance of fully refundable tax credits in support of “credit-collateralized bonds” issued from time to time by the Columbus-Franklin County Finance Authority to provide funding for the Ohio Capital Fund (OCF) to promote venture capital investment in Ohio and any additional bonds that may be issued to refinance those outstanding bonds or provide additional funding for that purpose. Those tax credits may be claimed by
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the bond trustee for the purpose of restoring the bond reserve fund for those credit-collateralized bonds in the event it is drawn upon and its required balance is not restored from other sources. Those credits may not be claimed after June 30, 2036, and the maximum amount of tax credits that may be claimed is $20 million in any fiscal year and $380 million in total. Proceeds of the OCF bonds fund investments in venture capital funds to promote investment in seed and early-stage Ohio-based business enterprises.
Prior Economic Development and Revitalization Obligations. Prior to the February 1, 2013 granting of a 25-year franchise on the State's spirituous liquor system to JobsOhio, there were outstanding $725.0 million of State bonds and notes secured by a pledge of the State's profits from the sale of spirituous liquor. In connection with the granting of that franchise, provision was made for the payment of all the debt service on those bonds and notes which are defeased and no longer outstanding obligations of the State. Those bonds and notes were originally issued to fund a statewide economic development program that assisted in the financing of facilities and equipment for industry, commerce, research and distribution, including technology innovation, by providing loans and loan guarantees. Under its franchise agreement with JobsOhio, the State may not issue additional obligations secured by a pledge of profits from the sale of spirituous liquor during the 25-year term of that franchise.
Obligations and Funding Commitments for Highway Projects Payable from Highway Related Non-GRF Funds. As described above, the State's highway general obligations and special obligations for ODOT and DPS facilities have always been paid from the State's motor fuel tax and other highway user receipts that are constitutionally restricted in use to highway related purposes.
In addition to its issuance of highway general obligation bonds, the State has and expects to continue financing selected highway infrastructure projects by issuing federal highway grant anticipation revenue (GARVEE) bonds and entering into agreements that call for debt service payments to be made from federal Title 23 transportation funds allocated to the State, subject to biennial appropriations by the General Assembly. In the event of any insufficiency in the anticipated federal allocations to make payments on GARVEE bonds, the payments are to be made from any lawfully available moneys appropriated to ODOT for the purpose.
In December 2014, ODOT also entered into its first public-private agreement to provide “availability payments” in support of the development and operation of a State highway improvement project. Those availability payments are expected to be paid from non-GRF funds available to ODOT remaining after the payment of debt service on highway general obligations, ODOT special obligations and GARVEE bonds. That public-private agreement provides for availability payments in a base annual amount of $25.8 million beginning no earlier than Fiscal Year 2019, increasing to a projected maximum payment of $40.6 million in Fiscal Year 2053. Availability payments are subject to biennial appropriation by the General Assembly with the public-private agreement subject to automatic renewal upon appropriation of the biennial availability payments.
Constitutional Limitation on Annual Debt Service
A 1999 constitutional amendment provides an annual debt service “cap” applicable to most future issuances of State general obligations and other State direct obligations payable from the GRF or net State lottery proceeds. Generally, new obligations may not be issued if debt service for any future Fiscal Year on those new and the then outstanding bonds of those categories would exceed 5% of the total of estimated GRF revenues (excluding GRF receipts from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) plus net State lottery proceeds for the Fiscal Year of issuance. Those direct obligations of the State include general obligation and special obligation bonds that are paid from the State's GRF, but exclude (i) general obligation debt for third frontier research and development, development of sites and facilities, and veterans compensation, and (ii) general obligation debt payable from non-GRF funds (such as highway bonds that are paid from highway user receipts). Pursuant to the implementing legislation, the Governor has designated the OBM Director as the State official responsible for making the 5% determinations and certifications. Application of the 5% cap may be waived in a particular instance by a three-fifths vote of each house of the Ohio General Assembly and may be changed by future constitutional amendments.
Schools
Litigation was commenced in the Ohio courts in 1991 questioning the constitutionality of Ohio's system of school funding and compliance with the constitutional requirement that the State provide a “thorough and efficient system of common schools”. On December 11, 2002, the Ohio Supreme Court, in a 4-3 decision on a motion to reconsider its own decision rendered in September 2001, concluded (as it had in its 1997 and 2000 opinions in that litigation) that the State did not comply with that requirement, even after again noting and crediting significant State steps in recent years. In the years following this litigation, the General Assembly took several steps, including significantly increasing State funding for public schools.
Under the financial structure in place before the 2009-10 biennium, Ohio's 613 public school districts and 49 joint vocational school districts receive a major portion (but less than 50%) of their operating moneys from State subsidy appropriations (the primary portion of which is known as the Foundation Program) distributed in accordance with statutory formulae that take into account both local needs and local taxing capacity. The Foundation Program amounts steadily increased in recent years, including small aggregate increases even in those Fiscal Years in which appropriations cutbacks were imposed.
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School districts also rely upon receipts from locally voted taxes. In part because of provisions of some State laws, such as that partially limiting the increase (without further vote of the local electorate) in voted property tax collections that would otherwise result from increased assessed valuations, some school districts have experienced varying degrees of difficulty in meeting mandated and discretionary increased costs. Local electorates have largely determined the total moneys available for their schools. Locally elected boards of education and their school administrators are responsible for managing school programs and budgets within statutory requirements.
To broaden the potential local tax revenue base, local school districts also may submit for voter approval income taxes on the district income of individuals and estates. Many districts have submitted the question, and income taxes are currently approved in 184 districts.
The amount of lottery profits transferred to the Lottery Profits Education Fund (LPEF) totaled $803.1 million in Fiscal Year 2013, $904.3 million in Fiscal Year 2014, $990.0 million in Fiscal Year 2015, and is currently reported to have profits of $1 billion in Fiscal Year 2016. Ohio participation in the multi-state lottery commenced in May 2002. A constitutional provision requires that net lottery profits be paid into LPEF be used solely for the support of elementary, secondary, vocational and special education purposes, including application to debt service on general obligation bonds to finance common school facilities. The 2010-11 biennial appropriations Act also authorized the implementation of video lottery terminals (VLTs) at Ohio's seven horse racing tracks.
The 2014-15 biennial appropriations Act enacted a new funding formula for the distribution of State funding to local school districts based on a per pupil amount. This per pupil formula is similar to the “Building Blocks” school funding formula in place through Fiscal Year 2009 until its replacement with the “Evidence Based Model” for the 2010-11 biennium. The Evidence Based Model was repealed in July 2011 and a temporary formula was put in place for the 2012-13 biennium that allocated funding to each school district based on the per pupil funding it received for Fiscal Year 2011, adjusted by its share of a statewide per pupil adjustment amount that was indexed by the district's relative tax valuation per pupil.
The current 2016-17 biennial appropriations Act modified certain components of the funding formula to distribute new resources to districts with less capacity to raise revenue through local sources. The 2016-17 biennial appropriations Act also supplements transportation funds for low density districts and continues to provide additional funds for students with exceptional needs, including those with special needs and the disabled, and limited English proficiency, and for economically disadvantaged and gifted students. Funding is also provided based on the number of K-3 students at each school district to be used to help school districts comply with Ohio's 3rd grade reading guarantee. The Act continues funding for the “Straight A Fund” to provide school districts with grants to develop and implement creative and innovative instructional models to inspire learning and student growth.
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Statement of Additional Information
October 31, 2016
Share Class Ticker
A PAMFX
B FPABX
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Contact us at FederatedInvestors.com
or call 1-800-341-7400.
Federated Securities Corp., Distributor
0090701B (10/16)
Federated is a registered trademark
of Federated Investors, Inc.
2016 ©Federated Investors, Inc.
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund

A Portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a Prospectus. Read this SAI in conjunction with the Prospectus for Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund (“Fund”), dated October 31, 2016.
This SAI incorporates by reference the Fund's Annual Report. Obtain the Prospectus or the Annual Report without charge by calling 1-800-341-7400.


How is the Fund Organized?
The Fund is a non-diversified portfolio of Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust (“Trust”). The Trust is an open-end, management investment company that was established under the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on August 6, 1990. The Trust may offer separate series of shares representing interests in separate portfolios of securities.
The Board of Trustees (“Board”) has established two classes of shares of the Fund, known as Class A Shares and Class B Shares (“Shares”). This SAI relates to both classes of Shares. The Fund's investment adviser is Federated Investment Management Company (“Adviser”).
Securities in Which the Fund Invests
The principal securities or other investments in which the Fund invests are described in the Fund's Prospectus. The Fund also may invest in securities or other investments as non-principal investments for any purpose that is consistent with its investment objective. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal security or other investment referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal security or other investment (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Securities Descriptions and Techniques
Fixed-Income Securities
Fixed-income securities pay interest, dividends or distributions at a specified rate. The rate may be a fixed percentage of the principal or may be adjusted periodically. In addition, the issuer of a fixed-income security must repay the principal amount of the security, normally within a specified time. Fixed-income securities provide more regular income than equity securities. However, the returns on fixed-income securities are limited and normally do not increase with the issuer's earnings. This limits the potential appreciation of fixed-income securities as compared to equity securities.
A security's yield measures the annual income earned on a security as a percentage of its price. A security's yield will increase or decrease depending upon whether it costs less (a “discount”) or more (a “premium”) than the principal amount. If the issuer may redeem the security before its scheduled maturity, the price and yield on a discount or premium security may change based upon the probability of an early redemption. Securities with higher risks generally have higher yields.
The following further describes the types of fixed-income securities in which the Fund may invest.
Municipal Notes (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal notes are short-term, tax-exempt securities. Many municipalities issue such notes to fund their current operations before collecting taxes or other municipal revenues. Municipalities may also issue notes to fund capital projects prior to issuing long-term bonds. The issuers typically repay the notes at the end of their fiscal year, either with taxes, other revenues or proceeds from newly issued notes or bonds.
Municipal Auction Rate Securities (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Municipal auction rate securities are tax-exempt securities that are issued (without a demand feature) generally for a specified term, during which the interest rate may be reset at specified intervals (such as, for example, every 7, 28, 35 or 49 days) by means of a “Dutch Auction” or similar competitive process. These securities may be referred to as “municipal auction rate notes.” In the auction, holders of such securities, and investors who seek to acquire such securities, indicate their interest in continuing to hold, or to purchase, the securities at rates that they specify to broker-dealers that serve as auction agents for the auction. If the auction is successful, a holder of such securities will be able to sell them at par value through the auction process. A “failed auction” occurs when, for example, the auction agent does not receive enough bids to cover the aggregate amount of securities that have been put up for sale at the auction, or the lowest interest rate at which all of the securities that have been put up for sale at the auction would be above the “maximum interest rate” set forth in the documentation for the securities, or some other reason. When a failed auction occurs, a holder of the securities may not be able to sell all or a portion of the securities it desired to sell at the auction, in which case the affected securities would pay the maximum interest rate set forth in their documentation until the next successful auction. The maximum interest rate may be a multiple of a specified index or a fixed rate, and may be dependent on other factors, such as the credit rating of the securities at the time of the auction. Municipal auction rate securities may be subject to interest rate, credit, credit enhancement, prepayment, liquidity and economic risks.
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Variable Rate Demand Instruments (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Variable rate demand instruments are tax-exempt securities that require the issuer or a third party, such as a dealer or bank (the “Demand Provider”), to repurchase the security for its face value upon demand. The securities also pay interest at a variable rate intended to cause the securities to trade at their face value. Some variable rate demand instruments are “conditional,” so that the occurrence of certain conditions discharges the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security. Other variable rate demand instruments are “unconditional,” so that there are no conditions under which the Demand Provider's obligation to repurchase the security can terminate. The Fund treats variable rate demand instruments as short-term securities even though their maturity may extend beyond 397 days because, within 397 days, their variable interest rate adjusts in response to changes in market rates and the repayment of their principal amount can be demanded. Certain variable rate demand instruments that may be invested in by the Fund, referred to as “synthetic” variable rate demand instruments, have certain features, such as call features, that make it possible that the Fund will realize capital gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Asset-backed securities are payable from pools of obligations other than mortgages. Most asset-backed securities involve consumer or commercial debts with maturities of less than 10 years. However, almost any type of fixed-income assets (including other fixed-income securities) may be used to create an asset-backed security. Asset-backed securities may take the form of commercial paper, notes or pass-through certificates or other similar securities. Asset-backed securities have prepayment risks.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (A Type of Tax-Exempt Security)
Tax-exempt commercial paper is an obligation issued by a tax-exempt issuer with a maturity of generally less than nine months. Tax-exempt issuers may issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures or other permissible activities. Tax-exempt issuers may constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or other sources) to repay maturing paper. If the tax-exempt issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, and if there is not another available source of liquidity, its commercial paper may default or there may be a reduction in payments received in repayment of the tax-exempt commercial paper.
Derivative Contracts
Derivative contracts are financial instruments that require payments based upon changes in the values of designated securities, commodities, indices, or other assets or instruments including other derivative contracts, (each a “Reference Instrument” and collectively, “Reference Instruments”). Each party to a derivative contract may sometimes be referred to as a counterparty. Some derivative contracts require payments relating to an actual, future trade involving the Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are frequently referred to as “physically settled” derivatives. Other derivative contracts require payments relating to the income or returns from, or changes in the market value of, a Reference Instrument. These types of derivatives are known as “cash settled” derivatives, since they require cash payments in lieu of delivery of the Reference Instrument.
Many derivative contracts are traded on securities or commodities exchanges. In this case, the exchange sets all the terms of the contract except for the price. Investors make payments due under their contracts through the exchange. Most exchanges require investors to maintain margin accounts through their brokers to cover their potential obligations to the exchange. Parties to the contract make (or collect) daily payments to the margin accounts to reflect losses (or gains) in the value of their contracts. This protects investors against potential defaults by the other party to the contract. Trading contracts on an exchange also allows investors to close out their contracts by entering into offsetting contracts.
For example, the Fund could close out an open contract to buy an asset at a future date by entering into an offsetting contract to sell the same asset on the same date. If the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the Fund realizes a gain; if it is less, the Fund realizes a loss. Exchanges may limit the amount of open contracts permitted at any one time. Such limits may prevent the Fund from closing out a position. If this happens, the Fund will be required to keep the contract open (even if it is losing money on the contract), and to make any payments required under the contract (even if it has to sell portfolio securities at unfavorable prices to do so). Inability to close out a contract could also harm the Fund by preventing it from disposing of or trading any assets it has been using to secure its obligations under the contract.
The Fund may also trade derivative contracts over-the-counter (OTC) in transactions negotiated directly between the Fund and a financial institution. OTC contracts do not necessarily have standard terms, so they may be less liquid and more difficult to close-out than exchange-traded contracts. In addition, OTC contracts with more specialized terms may be more difficult to value than exchange-traded contracts, especially in times of financial stress.
The market for swaps and other OTC derivatives was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of federal legislation known as the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”). Regulations enacted by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) under the Dodd-Frank Act require the Fund to clear certain swap contracts through a clearing house or central counterparty (a CCP).
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To clear a swap through the CCP, the Fund will submit the contract to, and post margin with, a futures commission merchant (FCM) that is a clearing house member. The Fund may enter into the swap with a financial institution other than the FCM and arrange for the contract to be transferred to the FCM for clearing, or enter into the contract with the FCM itself. If the Fund must centrally clear a transaction, the CFTC's regulations also generally require that the swap be executed on registered exchange or through a market facility that is known as a swap execution facility or SEF. Central clearing is presently required only for certain swaps and the CFTC is expected to impose a mandatory central clearing requirement for additional derivative instruments over time.
The CCP, SEF and FCM are all subject to regulatory oversight by the CFTC. In addition, most derivative market participants are now regulated as swap dealers or major swap participants and are subject to certain minimum capital and margin requirements and business conduct standards. Similar regulatory requirements are expected to apply to derivative contracts that are subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, although the SEC has not yet finalized its regulations. In addition, uncleared OTC swaps will be subject to regulatory collateral requirements that could adversely affect the Fund's ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market. These developments could cause the Fund to terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments at an inopportune time.
Until the mandated rulemaking and regulations are implemented completely, it will not be possible to determine the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations on the Fund.
Depending on how the Fund uses derivative contracts and the relationships between the market value of a derivative contract and the Reference Instrument, derivative contracts may increase or decrease the Fund's exposure to the risks of the Reference Instrument, and may also expose the fund to liquidity and leverage risks. OTC contracts also expose the Fund to credit risks in the event that a counterparty defaults on the contract, although this risk may be mitigated by submitting the contract for clearing through a CCP.
The Fund may invest in a derivative contract if it is permitted to own, invest in, or otherwise have economic exposure to the Reference Instrument. The Fund is not required to own a Reference Instrument in order to buy or sell a derivative contract relating to that Reference Instrument. The Fund may trade in the following specific types and/or combinations of derivative contracts:
Futures Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a Reference Instrument at a specified price, date and time. Entering into a contract to buy a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as buying a contract or holding a long position in the asset. Entering into a contract to sell a Reference Instrument is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position in the Reference Instrument. Futures contracts are considered to be commodity contracts. The Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act with respect to the Fund, and therefore is not subject to registration or regulation with respect to the Fund. Futures contracts traded OTC are frequently referred to as forward contracts. The Fund can buy or sell financial futures (such as interest rate futures, index futures and security futures).
Interest Rate Futures
An interest rate futures contract is an exchange-traded contract for which the Reference Instrument is an interest-bearing, fixed-income security or an inter-bank deposit. Two examples of common interest rate futures contracts are U.S. Treasury futures contracts and Eurodollar futures contracts. The Reference Instrument for a U.S. Treasury futures contract is a U.S. Treasury security. The Reference Instrument for a Eurodollar futures contract is the London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR); Eurodollar futures contracts enable the purchaser to obtain a fixed rate for the lending of funds over a stated period of time and the seller to obtain a fixed rate for a borrowing of funds over that same period.
Index Futures
An index futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to make or receive a payment based upon changes in the value of an index. An index is a statistical composite that measures changes in the value of designated Reference Instruments. An index is usually computed by a sum product of a list of the designated Reference Instruments' current prices and a list of weights assigned to these Reference Instruments.
Security Futures
A security futures contract is an exchange-traded contract to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security (other than a Treasury security) or a narrow-based securities index at a certain price. Presently, the only available security futures contracts use shares of a single equity security as the Reference Instrument. However, it is possible that in the future, security futures contracts will be developed that use a single fixed-income security as the Reference Instrument.
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Option Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
Option contracts (also called “options”) are rights to buy or sell a Reference Instrument for a specified price (the “exercise price”) during, or at the end of, a specified period. The seller (or “writer”) of the option receives a payment, or premium, from the buyer, which the writer keeps regardless of whether the buyer uses (or exercises) the option. Options may be bought or sold on a wide variety of Reference Instruments. Options that are written on futures contracts will be subject to margin requirements similar to those applied to futures contracts.
The Fund may buy the following types of options:
Call Options
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to buy the Reference Instrument from the seller (writer) of the option. The Fund may use call options in the following ways:
■  Buy call options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of an increase in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write call options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of a decrease or only limited increase in the value of the Reference Instrument. If the Fund writes a call option on a Reference Instrument that it owns and that call option is exercised, the Fund foregoes any possible profit from an increase in the market price of the Reference Instrument over the exercise price plus the premium received.
Put Options
A put option gives the holder the right to sell the Reference Instrument to the writer of the option. The Fund may use put options in the following ways:
■  Buy put options on a Reference Instrument in anticipation of a decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument; and
■  Write put options on a Reference Instrument to generate income from premiums, and in anticipation of an increase or only limited decrease in the value of the Reference Instrument. In writing puts, there is a risk that the Fund may be required to take delivery of the Reference Instrument when its current market price is lower than the exercise price.
The Fund may also buy or write options, as needed, to close out existing option positions.
Finally, the Fund may enter into combinations of options contracts in an attempt to benefit from changes in the prices of those options contracts (without regard to changes in the value of the Reference Instrument).
Swap Contracts (A Type of Derivative)
A swap contract (also known as a “swap”) is a type of derivative contract in which two parties agree to pay each other (swap) the returns derived from Reference Instruments. Most swaps do not involve the delivery of the underlying assets by either party, and the parties might not own the Reference Instruments. The payments are usually made on a net basis so that, on any given day, the Fund would receive (or pay) only the amount by which its payment under the contract is less than (or exceeds) the amount of the other party's payment. Swap agreements are sophisticated instruments that can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names.
Common swap agreements that the Fund may use include:
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest rate swaps are contracts in which one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a fixed or floating interest rate times a stated principal amount (commonly referred to as a “notional principal amount”) in return for payments equal to a different fixed or floating rate times the same principal amount, for a specific period. For example, a $10 million London Interbank Offered Rate (commonly referred to as LIBOR) swap would require one party to pay the equivalent of the London Interbank Offered Rate of interest (which fluctuates) on $10 million principal amount in exchange for the right to receive the equivalent of a stated fixed rate of interest on $10 million principal amount.
Total Return Swaps
A total return swap is an agreement between two parties whereby one party agrees to make payments of the total return from a Reference Instrument (or a basket of such instruments) during the specified period, in return for payments equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest or the total return from another Reference Instrument. Alternately, a total return swap can be structured so that one party will make payments to the other party if the value of a Reference Instrument increases, but receive payments from the other party if the value of that instrument decreases.
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Credit Default Swaps
A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement between two parties whereby one party (the “Protection Buyer”) agrees to make payments over the term of the CDS to the other party (the “Protection Seller”), provided that no designated event of default, restructuring or other credit related event (each a “Credit Event”) occurs with respect to Reference Instrument that is usually a particular bond, loan or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (the “Reference Obligation”). Many CDS are physically settled, which means that if a Credit Event occurs, the Protection Seller must pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value, or “par value,” of the Reference Obligation in exchange for delivery by the Protection Buyer of the Reference Obligation or another similar obligation issued by the issuer of the Reference Obligation (the “Deliverable Obligation”). The Counterparties agree to the characteristics of the Deliverable Obligation at the time that they enter into the CDS. Alternately, a CDS can be “cash-settled,” which means that upon the occurrence of a Credit Event, the Protection Buyer will receive a payment from the Protection Seller equal to the difference between the par amount of the Reference Obligation and its market value at the time of the Credit Event. The Fund may be either the Protection Buyer or the Protection Seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a Protection Buyer and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the CDS (i.e., an amount equal to the payments made to the Protection Seller over the term of the CDS). However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Buyer”) will deliver the Deliverable Obligation and receive a payment equal to the full notional value of the Reference Obligation, even though the Reference Obligation may have little or no value. If the Fund is the Protection Seller and no Credit Event occurs, the Fund will receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the CDS. However, if a Credit Event occurs, the Fund (as “Protection Seller”) will pay the Protection Buyer the full notional value of the Reference Obligation and receive the Deliverable Obligation from the Protection Buyer. A CDS may involve greater risks than if the Fund invested directly in the Reference Obligation. For example, a CDS may increase credit risk since the Fund has exposure to both the issuer of the Reference Obligation and the Counterparty to the CDS.
Caps and Floors (A Type of Swap Contract)
Caps and Floors are contracts in which one party agrees to make payments only if an interest rate or index goes above (Cap) or below (Floor) a certain level in return for a fee from the other party.
Other Investments, Transactions, Techniques
Investing in Securities of Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest its assets in securities of other investment companies, including the securities of affiliated money market funds, as an efficient means of implementing its investment strategies and/or managing its uninvested cash. These other investment companies are managed independently of the Fund and incur additional fees and/or expenses which would, therefore, be borne indirectly by the Fund in connection with any such investment. However, the Adviser believes that the benefits and efficiencies of this approach should outweigh the potential additional fees and/or expenses. The Fund may invest in money market securities directly.
Hedging
Hedging transactions are intended to reduce specific risks. For example, to protect the Fund against circumstances that would normally cause the Fund's portfolio securities to decline in value, the Fund may buy or sell a derivative contract that would normally increase in value under the same circumstances. The Fund may also attempt to hedge by using combinations of different derivative contracts, or derivative contracts and securities. The Fund's ability to hedge may be limited by the costs of the derivative contracts. The Fund may attempt to lower the cost of hedging by entering into transactions that provide only limited protection, including transactions that: (1) hedge only a portion of its portfolio; (2) use derivative contracts that cover a narrow range of circumstances; or (3) involve the sale of derivative contracts with different terms. Consequently, hedging transactions will not eliminate risk even if they work as intended. In addition, hedging strategies are not always successful, and could result in increased expenses and losses to the Fund.
Hybrid Instruments
Hybrid instruments combine elements of two different kinds of securities or financial instruments (such as a derivative contract). Frequently, the value of a hybrid instrument is determined by reference to changes in the value of a Reference Instrument (that is a designated security, commodity, index or other asset or instrument including a derivative contract). Hybrid instruments can take on many forms including, but not limited to, the following forms. First, a common form of a hybrid instrument combines elements of a derivative contract with those of another security (typically a fixed-income security). In this case, all or a portion of the interest or principal payable on a hybrid security is determined by reference to changes in the price of a Reference Instrument. Second, hybrid instruments may include convertible securities with conversion terms related to a Reference Instrument.
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Depending on the type and terms of the hybrid instrument, its risks may reflect a combination of the risks of investing in the Reference Instrument with the risks of investing in other securities and derivative contracts. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks in addition to those associated with traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Hybrid instruments are also potentially more volatile than traditional securities or the Reference Instrument. Moreover, depending on the structure of the particular hybrid, it may expose the Fund to leverage risks or carry liquidity risks.
Credit Linked Notes (A Type of Hybrid Instrument)
A credit linked note (CLN) is a type of hybrid instrument in which a special purpose entity issues a structured note (the “Note Issuer”) with respect to which the Reference Instrument is a single bond, a portfolio of bonds or the unsecured credit of an issuer, in general (each a “Reference Credit”). The purchaser of the CLN (the “Note Purchaser”) invests a par amount and receives a payment during the term of the CLN that equals a fixed or floating rate of interest equivalent to a high rated funded asset (such as a bank certificate of deposit) plus an additional premium that relates to taking on the credit risk of the Reference Credit. Upon maturity of the CLN, the Note Purchaser will receive a payment equal to: (i) the original par amount paid to the Note Issuer, if there is no occurrence of a designated event of default, restructuring or other credit event (each a “Credit Event”) with respect to the issuer of the Reference Credit; or (ii) the market value of the Reference Credit, if a Credit Event has occurred. Depending upon the terms of the CLN, it is also possible that the Note Purchaser may be required to take physical delivery of the Reference Credit in the event of a Credit Event. Most credit linked notes use a corporate bond (or a portfolio of corporate bonds) as the Reference Credit. However, almost any type of fixed-income security (including foreign government securities), index or derivative contract (such as a credit default swap) can be used as the Reference Credit.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements are transactions in which the Fund buys a security from a dealer or bank and agrees to sell the security back at a mutually agreed-upon time and price. The repurchase price exceeds the sale price, reflecting the Fund's return on the transaction. This return is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying security. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and other recognized financial institutions, such as securities dealers, deemed creditworthy by the Adviser.
The Fund's custodian or subcustodian will take possession of the securities subject to repurchase agreements. The Adviser or subcustodian will monitor the value of the underlying security each day to ensure that the value of the security always equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements (A Type of Fixed-Income, Tax-Exempt Security)
Reverse repurchase agreements (which are considered a type of special transaction for asset segregation purposes) are repurchase agreements in which the Fund is the seller (rather than the buyer) of the securities, and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed-upon time and price. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements are subject to credit risks. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements create leverage risks because the Fund must repurchase the underlying security at a higher price, regardless of the market value of the security at the time of repurchase.
Inter-Fund Borrowing and Third-Party Lending Arrangements
Inter-Fund Borrowing
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has granted an exemption that permits the Fund and all other funds advised by subsidiaries of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated funds”) to lend and borrow money for certain temporary purposes directly to and from other Federated funds. Participation in this inter-fund lending program is voluntary for both borrowing and lending Federated funds, and an inter-fund loan is only made if it benefits each participating Federated fund. Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”) administers the program according to procedures approved by the Fund's Board, and the Board monitors the operation of the program. Any inter-fund loan must comply with certain conditions set out in the exemption, which are designed to assure fairness and protect all participating Federated funds.
For example, inter-fund lending is permitted only: (a) to meet shareholder redemption requests; (b) to meet commitments arising from “failed” trades; and (c) for other temporary purposes. All inter-fund loans must be repaid in seven days or less. The Fund's participation in this program must be consistent with its investment policies and limitations, and must meet certain percentage tests. Inter-fund loans may be made only when the rate of interest to be charged is more attractive to the lending Federated fund than market-competitive rates on overnight repurchase agreements (“Repo Rate”) and more attractive to the borrowing Federated fund than the rate of interest that would be charged by an unaffiliated bank for short-term borrowings (“Bank Loan Rate”), as determined by the Board. The interest rate imposed on inter-fund loans is the average of the Repo Rate and the Bank Loan Rate.
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Third-Party Line of Credit
The Fund participates with certain other Federated Funds, on a several basis, in an up to $500,000,000 unsecured, 364-day, committed, revolving line of credit (LOC) agreement. The LOC was made available to finance temporarily the repurchase or redemption of shares of the Fund, failed trades, payment of dividends, settlement of trades and for other short-term, temporary or emergency general business purposes. The Fund cannot borrow under the LOC if an inter-fund loan is outstanding. The Fund's ability to borrow under the LOC also is subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act and various conditions precedent that must be satisfied before the Fund can borrow. Loans under the LOC are charged interest at a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest, on any day, of: (a) (i) the federal funds effective rate; (ii) the one month London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR); and (iii) 0.0%; plus (b) a margin. The LOC also requires the Fund to pay, quarterly in arrears and at maturity, its pro rata share of a commitment fee based on the amount of the lenders' commitment that has not been utilized. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, there were no outstanding loans. During the most recently ended fiscal year the Fund did not utilize the LOC.
Asset Segregation
In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and SEC staff positions regarding the interpretation of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”), with respect to derivatives that create a future payment obligation of the Fund, the Fund must “set aside” (referred to sometimes as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC- or staff-approved measures, while the derivative contracts are open. For example, with respect to forwards and futures contracts that are not contractually required to “cash-settle,” the Fund must cover its open positions by setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the contracts' full, notional value. With respect to forwards and futures that are contractually required to “cash-settle,” however, the Fund is permitted to set aside cash or readily marketable securities in an amount equal to the Fund's daily marked-to-market (“net”) obligations, if any (i.e., the Fund's daily net liability, if any), rather than the notional value.
The Fund will employ another approach to segregating assets to cover options that it sells. If the Fund sells a call option, the Fund will set aside either the Reference Instrument subject to the option, cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the current market value of the Reference Instrument. In no event, will the value of the cash or readily marketable securities set aside by the Fund be less than the exercise price of the call option. If the Fund sells a put option, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the exercise price of the put option.
The Fund's asset segregation approach for swap agreements varies among different types of swaps. For example, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Buyer, then it will set aside cash or readily marketable securities necessary to meet any accrued payment obligations under the swap. By comparison, if the Fund enters into a credit default swap as the Protection Seller, then the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional amount of the swap that must be paid upon the occurrence of a Credit Event. For some other types of swaps, such as interest rate swaps, the Fund will calculate the obligations of the counterparties to the swap on a net basis. Consequently, the Fund's current obligation (or rights) under this type of swap will equal only the net amount to be paid or received based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap (the “net amount”). The net amount currently owed by or to the Fund will be accrued daily and the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to any accrued but unpaid net amount owed by the Fund under the swap.
The Fund may reduce the liquid assets segregated to cover obligations under a derivative contract by entering into an offsetting derivative contract. For example, if the Fund sells a put option for the same Reference Instrument as a call option the Fund has sold, and the exercise price of the call option is the same as or higher than the exercise price of the put option, then the Fund may net its obligations under the options and set aside cash or readily marketable securities (including any margin deposited for the options) with a value equal to the greater of: (a) the current market value of the Reference Instrument deliverable under the call option; or (b) the exercise price of the put option.
By setting aside cash or readily marketable securities equal to only its net obligations under swaps and certain cash-settled derivative contracts, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate cash or readily marketable securities equal to the full notional value of such contracts. The use of leverage involves certain risks. See “Investment Risks.” Unless the Fund has other cash or readily marketable securities to set aside, it cannot trade assets set aside in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions without entering into an offsetting derivative contract or terminating a special transaction. This may cause the Fund to miss favorable trading opportunities or to realize losses on derivative contracts or special transactions. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions articulated from time to time by the SEC and its staff.
Generally, special transactions do not cash-settle on a net basis. Consequently, with respect to special transactions, the Fund will set aside cash or readily marketable securities with a value that equals or exceeds the Fund's obligations.
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Temporary Investments
The Fund may make temporary investments in taxable, fixed-income securities and the following other taxable securities(in addition to taxable repurchase and reverse repurchase agreement investments):
Treasury Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Treasury securities are direct obligations of the federal government of the United States. Treasury securities are generally regarded as having minimal credit risks.
Bank Instruments (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Bank instruments are unsecured interest-bearing deposits with banks. Bank instruments include, but are not limited to, bank accounts, time deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances. Yankee instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by U.S. branches of foreign banks. Eurodollar instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars and issued by non-U.S. branches of U.S. or foreign banks.
Government Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Government securities are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality acting under federal authority. Some government securities, including those issued by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States and are guaranteed only as to the timely payment of interest and principal.
Other government securities receive support through federal subsidies, loans or other benefits, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. For example, the U.S. Treasury is authorized to purchase specified amounts of securities issued by (or otherwise make funds available to) the Federal Home Loan Bank System, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and Tennessee Valley Authority in support of such obligations.
Some government agency securities have no explicit financial support and are supported only by the credit of the applicable agency, instrumentality or corporation. The U.S. government has provided financial support to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, but there is no assurance that it will support these or other agencies in the future.
Investors regard government securities as having minimal credit risks, but not as low as Treasury securities.
The Fund treats mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a federal agency or instrumentality as government securities. Although such a guarantee helps protect against credit risk, it does not eliminate it entirely or reduce other risks.
Additional Information Related to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption that impacted the capital and credit markets beginning in 2008 led to market concerns regarding the ability of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservator's appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator.
In connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the Treasury has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The senior preferred stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Although the SPAs are subject to amendment from time to time, currently the Treasury is obligated to provide such financial contributions up to an aggregate maximum amount determined by a formula set forth in the SPAs, and until such aggregate maximum amount is reached, there is not a specific end date to the Treasury's obligations.
The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Mac's and Fannie Mae's operations and activities under the SPAs, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, downgrades or upgrades in the credit ratings assigned to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or ratings services, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae.
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In addition, the future of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and other U.S. government-sponsored enterprises that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (GSEs), remains in question as the U.S. government continues to consider options ranging from structural reform, nationalization, privatization or consolidation, to outright elimination. The issues that have led to significant U.S. government support for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have sparked serious debate regarding the continued role of the U.S. government in providing mortgage loan liquidity.
Corporate Debt Securities (A Type of Fixed-Income Security)
Corporate debt securities are fixed-income securities issued by businesses. Notes, bonds, debentures and commercial paper are the most prevalent types of corporate debt securities. The credit risk of corporate debt securities vary widely across issuers.
In addition, the credit risk of an issuer's debt security may vary based on its priority for repayment. For example, higher ranking (“senior”) debt securities have a higher priority than lower ranking (“subordinated”) securities. This means that the issuer might not make payments on subordinated securities while continuing to make payments on senior securities. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, holders of senior securities may receive amounts otherwise payable to the holders of subordinated securities. Some subordinated securities, such as trust-preferred and capital securities notes, also permit the issuer to defer payments under certain circumstances. For example, insurance companies issue securities known as surplus notes that permit the insurance company to defer any payment that would reduce its capital below regulatory requirements.
Commercial Paper (A Type of Corporate Debt Security)
Commercial paper is an issuer's obligation with a maturity of less than nine months. Companies typically issue commercial paper to pay for current expenditures. Most issuers constantly reissue their commercial paper and use the proceeds (or bank loans) to repay maturing paper. If the issuer cannot continue to obtain liquidity in this fashion, its commercial paper may default. The short maturity of commercial paper generally reduces both the market and credit risks as compared to other debt securities of the same issuer.
Investment Risks
There are many risk factors which may affect an investment in the Fund. The Fund's principal risks are described in its Prospectus. The following information is either additional information in respect of a principal risk factor referenced in the Prospectus or information in respect of a non-principal risk factor applicable to the Fund (in which case there is no related disclosure in the Prospectus).
Prepayment Risk
Like municipal mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities (including fixed-income or tax-exempt securities that are pooled or collateralized) may be subject to prepayment risks and the possibility that interest and other payments may not be made. Such investments also may be subject to interest rate, credit and the other risks described in the Fund's Prospectus and this SAI.
Risk of Investing in Derivative Contracts and Hybrid Instruments
The Fund's exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments (either directly or through its investment in another investment company) involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. First, changes in the value of the derivative contracts and hybrid instruments in which the Fund invests may not be correlated with changes in the value of the underlying Reference Instruments or, if they are correlated, may move in the opposite direction than originally anticipated. Second, while some strategies involving derivatives may reduce the risk of loss, they may also reduce potential gains or, in some cases, result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in portfolio holdings. Third, there is a risk that derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may be erroneously priced or improperly valued and, as a result, the Fund may need to make increased cash payments to the counterparty. Fourth, exposure to derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may have tax consequences to the Fund and its shareholders. For example, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to realize increased ordinary income or short-term capital gains (which are treated as ordinary income for federal income tax purposes) and, as a result, may increase taxable distributions to shareholders. In addition, under certain circumstances certain derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may cause the Fund to: (a) incur an excise tax on a portion of the income related to those contracts and instruments; and/or (b) reclassify, as a return of capital, some or all of the distributions previously made to shareholders during the fiscal year as dividend income. Fifth, a common provision in OTC derivative contracts permits the counterparty to terminate any such contract between it and the Fund, if the value of the Fund's total net assets declines below a specified level over a given time period. Factors that may contribute to such a decline (which usually must be substantial) include significant shareholder redemptions and/or a marked decrease in the market value of the Fund's investments. Any such termination of the Fund's OTC derivative contracts may adversely affect the Fund (for example, by increasing losses and/or costs, and/or preventing the Fund from fully implementing its investment strategies). Sixth, the Fund may use a derivative contract to benefit from a decline in the value of a Reference Instrument. If the value of the Reference Instrument
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declines during the term of the contract, the Fund makes a profit on the difference (less any payments the Fund is required to pay under the terms of the contract). Any such strategy involves risk. There is no assurance that the Reference Instrument will decline in value during the term of the contract and make a profit for the Fund. The Reference Instrument may instead appreciate in value creating a loss for the Fund. Seventh, a default or failure by a CCP or an FCM (also sometimes called a “futures broker”), or the failure of a contract to be transferred from an Executing Dealer to the FCM for clearing, may expose the Fund to losses, increase its costs, or prevent the Fund from entering or exiting derivative positions, accessing margin or fully implementing its investment strategies. The central clearing of a derivative and trading of a contract over a SEF could reduce the liquidity in, or increase costs of entering into or holding, any contracts. Finally, derivative contracts and hybrid instruments may also involve other risks described herein or in the Fund's Prospectus, such as interest rate, credit, liquidity and leverage risks.
Risk Associated with the Investment Activities of Other Accounts
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. Therefore, it is possible that investment-related actions taken by such other accounts could adversely impact the Fund with respect to, for example, the value of Fund portfolio holdings and/or prices paid to or received by the Fund on its portfolio transactions and/or the Fund's ability to obtain or dispose of portfolio securities. Related considerations are discussed elsewhere in this SAI under “Brokerage Transactions and Investment Allocation.”
CYBERSECURITY RISK
Like other funds and business enterprises, the use of the Internet and other electronic media and technology exposes the Fund, the Fund's shareholders, and the Fund's service providers, and their respective operations, to potential risks from cyber-security attacks or incidents (collectively, “cyber-events”). Cyber-events may include, for example, unauthorized access to systems, networks or devices (such as, for example, through “hacking” activity), infection from or spread of malware, computer viruses or other malicious software code, corruption of data, and attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website or internet access, functionality or performance. Like other funds and business enterprises, the Fund and its service providers have experienced, and will continue to experience, cyber-events consistently. Cyber-events have not had a material adverse effect on the Fund's business operations or performance. In addition to intentional cyber-events, unintentional cyber-events can occur, such as, for example, the inadvertent release of confidential information. Any cyber-event could adversely impact the Fund and its shareholders and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. A cyber-event may cause the Fund, or its service providers, to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity (such as, for example, the loss of the ability to process transactions, calculate the Fund's NAV, or allow shareholders to transact business), and/or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber-events also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, cyber-events affecting issuers in which the Fund invests could cause the Fund's investments to lose value. The Fund's Adviser and its relevant affiliates have established risk management systems reasonably designed to seek to reduce the risks associated with cyber-events, however, there is no guarantee that the efforts of the Adviser or its affiliates, or other service providers, will succeed, either entirely or partially. Among other reasons, the nature of malicious cyber-attacks is becoming increasingly sophisticated and the Fund's Adviser, and its relevant affiliates, cannot control the cyber systems and cyber security systems of issuers or third-party service providers.
Investment Objective (and Policies) and Investment Limitations
The investment objective of the Fund is to provide current income exempt from federal regular income tax (federal regular income tax does not include the federal alternative minimum tax) and the personal income taxes imposed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania municipalities.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest its assets so that at least 80% of the income that it distributes will be exempt from federal regular income tax and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania personal income tax.
The fundamental investment objective and policy may not be changed by the Fund's Board without shareholder approval.
Investment Limitations
Issuing Senior Securities and Borrowing Money
The Fund may borrow money, directly or indirectly, and issue senior securities to the maximum extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”).
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Investing in Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in issuers which invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing in securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein. The Fund may exercise its rights under agreements relating to such securities, including the right to enforce security interests and to hold real estate acquired by reason of such enforcement until that real estate can be liquidated in an orderly manner.
Investing in Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell physical commodities, provided that the Fund may purchase securities of companies that deal in commodities.
Underwriting
The Fund may not underwrite the securities of other issuers, except that the Fund may engage in transactions involving the acquisition, disposition or resale of its portfolio securities, under circumstances where it may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933.
Lending Cash or Securities
The Fund may not make loans, provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from purchasing debt obligations, entering into repurchase agreements, lending its assets to broker/dealers or institutional investors and investing in loans, including assignments and participation interests.
Concentration of Investments
The Fund will not make investments that will result in the concentration of its investments in the securities of issuers primarily engaged in the same industry. Government securities, municipal securities and bank instruments will not be deemed to constitute an industry.
The above limitations cannot be changed unless authorized by the Board and by the “vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities,” as defined by the 1940 Act. The following limitations, however, may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be notified before any material change in these limitations becomes effective.
Buying on Margin
The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, provided that the Fund may obtain short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and further provided that the Fund may make margin deposits in connection with its use of financial options and futures, forward and spot currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts or derivative instruments.
Pledging Assets
The Fund will not mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets, provided that this shall not apply to the transfer of securities in connection with any permissible borrowing or to collateral arrangements in connection with permissible activities.
Illiquid Securities
The Fund will not purchase securities for which there is no readily available market, or enter into repurchase agreements or purchase time deposits that the Fund cannot dispose of within seven days, if immediately after and as a result, the value of such securities would exceed, in the aggregate, 15% of the Fund's net assets.
Restricted Securities
The Fund may invest in securities subject to restrictions on resale under the Securities Act of 1933.
Additional Information
Except with respect to borrowing money, if a percentage limitation is adhered to at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in percentage resulting from any change in value or net assets will not result in a violation of such limitation.
In applying the Fund's commodities restriction, investments in transactions involving futures contracts and options, forward currency contracts, swap transactions and other financial contracts that settle by payment of cash are not deemed to be investments in commodities.
In applying the Fund's concentration limitation, investments in certain industrial development bonds funded by activities in a single industry will be deemed to constitute investment in an industry. In addition: (a) utility companies will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry; (b) financial service companies will be classified according to end users of their services, for example, automobile finance, bank finance and
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diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; and (c) asset-backed securities will be classified according to the underlying assets securing such securities. To conform to the current view of the SEC staff that only domestic bank instruments may be excluded from industry concentration limitations, the Fund will not exclude foreign bank instruments from industry concentration tests as long as the policy of the SEC remains in effect. The Fund will consider concentration to be the investment of more than 25% of the value of its total assets in any one industry.
What Do Shares Cost?
Determining Market Value of Securities
A Share's net asset value (NAV) is determined as of the end of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each day the NYSE is open. The Fund calculates the NAV of each class by valuing the assets allocated to the Share's class, subtracting the liabilities allocated to the class and dividing the balance by the number of Shares of the class outstanding. The NAV for each class of Shares may differ due to the variance in daily net income realized by each class. Such variance will reflect only accrued net income to which the Shareholders of a particular class are entitled. The NAV is calculated to the nearest whole cent per Share.
In calculating its NAV, the Fund generally values investments as follows:
■  Equity securities listed on a U.S. securities exchange or traded through the U.S. national market system are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Other equity securities traded primarily in the United States are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Equity securities traded primarily through securities exchanges and regulated market systems outside the United States are valued at their last reported sale price or official closing price in their principal exchange or market. These prices may be adjusted for significant events occurring after the closing of such exchanges or market systems as described below. If a price is not readily available, such equity securities are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations from one or more dealers.
■  Fixed-income securities are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such fixed-income securities are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers.
■  Futures contracts listed on exchanges are valued at their reported settlement price. Option contracts listed on exchanges are valued based upon the mean of closing bid and asked quotations reported by the exchange or from one or more futures commission merchants.
■  OTC derivative contracts are fair valued using price evaluations provided by a pricing service approved by the Board. The methods used by pricing services to determine such price evaluations are described below. If a price evaluation from a pricing service is not readily available, such derivative contracts are fair valued based upon price evaluations from one or more dealers or using a recognized pricing model for the contract.
■  Shares of other mutual funds or non-exchange-traded investment companies are valued based upon their reported NAVs. The prospectuses for these mutual funds explain the circumstances under which they will use fair value pricing and the effects of using fair value pricing.
If any price, quotation, price evaluation or other pricing source is not readily available when the NAV is calculated, or if the Fund cannot obtain price evaluations from a pricing service or from more than one dealer for an investment within a reasonable period of time as set forth in the Fund's valuation policies and procedures, the Fund will use the fair value of the investment determined in accordance with the procedures described below. There can be no assurance that the Fund could purchase or sell an investment at the price used to calculate the Fund's NAV. The Fund will not use a pricing service or dealer who is an affiliated person of the Adviser to value investments.
Noninvestment assets and liabilities are valued in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). The NAV calculation includes expenses, dividend income, interest income, other income and realized and unrealized investment gains and losses through the date of the calculation. Changes in holdings of investments and in the number of outstanding Shares are included in the calculation not later than the first business day following such change. Any assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from one or more currency dealers.
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The Fund follows procedures that are common in the mutual fund industry regarding errors made in the calculation of its NAV. This means that, generally, the Fund will not correct errors of less than one cent per Share or errors that did not result in net dilution to the Fund.
Fair Valuation and Significant Events Procedures
The Board has ultimate responsibility for determining the fair value of investments for which market quotations are not readily available. The Board has appointed a Valuation Committee comprised of officers of the Fund, the Adviser and certain of the Adviser's affiliated companies to assist in determining fair value and in overseeing the calculation of the NAV. The Board has also authorized the use of pricing services recommended by the Valuation Committee to provide price evaluations of the current fair value of certain investments for purposes of calculating the NAV.
Pricing Service Valuations. Based on the recommendations of the Valuation Committee, the Board has authorized the Fund, subject to Board oversight, to use pricing services that provide daily fair value evaluations of the current value of certain investments, primarily fixed-income securities and OTC derivatives contracts. Different pricing services may provide different price evaluations for the same security because of differences in their methods of evaluating market values. Factors considered by pricing services in evaluating an investment include the yields or prices of investments of comparable quality, coupon, maturity, call rights and other potential prepayments, terms and type, reported transactions, indications as to values from dealers and general market conditions. A pricing service may find it more difficult to apply these and other factors to relatively illiquid or volatile investments, which may result in less frequent or more significant changes in the price evaluations of these investments. If a pricing service determines that it does not have sufficient information to use its standard methodology, it may evaluate an investment based on the present value of what investors can reasonably expect to receive from the issuer's operations or liquidation.
Some pricing services provide a single price evaluation reflecting the bid-side of the market for an investment (a “bid” evaluation). Other pricing services offer both bid evaluations and price evaluations indicative of a price between the prices bid and asked for the investment (a “mid” evaluation). The Fund normally uses bid evaluations for any U.S. Treasury and Agency securities, mortgage-backed securities and municipal securities. The Fund normally uses mid evaluations for any other types of fixed-income securities and any OTC derivative contracts.
Fair Valuation Procedures. The Board has established procedures for determining the fair value of investments for which price evaluations from pricing services or dealers and market quotations are not readily available. The procedures define an investment's “fair value” as the price that the Fund might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale. The procedures assume that any sale would be made to a willing buyer in the ordinary course of trading. The procedures require consideration of factors that vary based on the type of investment and the information available. Factors that may be considered in determining an investment's fair value include: (1) the last reported price at which the investment was traded; (2) information provided by dealers or investment analysts regarding the investment or the issuer; (3) changes in financial conditions and business prospects disclosed in the issuer's financial statements and other reports; (4) publicly announced transactions (such as tender offers and mergers) involving the issuer; (5) comparisons to other investments or to financial indices that are correlated to the investment; (6) with respect to fixed-income investments, changes in market yields and spreads; (7) with respect to investments that have been suspended from trading, the circumstances leading to the suspension; and (8) other factors that might affect the investment's value.
The Valuation Committee is responsible for the day-to-day implementation of these procedures subject to Board oversight. The Valuation Committee may also authorize the use of a financial valuation model to determine the fair value of a specific type of investment. The Board periodically reviews and approves the fair valuations made by the Valuation Committee and any changes made to the procedures.
Using fair value to price investments may result in a value that is different from an investment's most recent closing price and from the prices used by other mutual funds to calculate their NAVs. The application of the fair value procedures to an investment represent a good faith determination of an investment's fair value. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to an investment if it sold the investment at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Significant Events. The Board has adopted procedures requiring an investment to be priced at its fair value whenever the Adviser determines that a significant event affecting the value of the investment has occurred between the time as of which the price of the investment would otherwise be determined and the time as of which the NAV is computed. An event is considered significant if there is both an affirmative expectation that the investment's value will change in response to the event and a reasonable basis for quantifying the resulting change in value. Examples of significant events that may occur after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded, or the time of a price evaluation provided by a pricing service or a dealer, include:
■  With respect to securities traded principally in foreign markets, significant trends in U.S. equity markets or in the trading of foreign securities index futures contracts;
13

■  Political or other developments affecting the economy or markets in which an issuer conducts its operations or its securities are traded; and
■  Announcements concerning matters such as acquisitions, recapitalizations or litigation developments, or a natural disaster affecting the issuer's operations or regulatory changes or market developments affecting the issuer's industry.
The Board has adopted procedures whereby the Valuation Committee uses a pricing service to determine the fair value of equity securities traded principally in foreign markets when the Adviser determines that there has been a significant trend in the U.S. equity markets or in index futures trading. The pricing service uses models that correlate changes between the closing and opening price of equity securities traded primarily in non-U.S. markets to changes in prices in U.S.-traded securities and derivative contracts. The pricing service seeks to employ the model that provides the most significant correlation based on a periodic review of the results. The model uses the correlation to adjust the reported closing price of a foreign equity security based on information available up to the close of the NYSE.
For other significant events, the Fund may seek to obtain more current quotations or price evaluations from alternative pricing sources. If a reliable alternative pricing source is not available, the fair value of the investment is determined using the methods discussed above in “Fair Valuation Procedures.” The Board has ultimate responsibility for any fair valuations made in response to a significant event.
How is the Fund Sold?
Under the Distributor's Contract with the Fund, the Distributor (Federated Securities Corp.) offers Shares on a continuous, best-efforts basis.
Effective June 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new accounts and new investors. Effective August 1, 2015, the Fund's Class B Shares were closed to new purchases made by existing shareholders (excluding reinvestment of dividends and capital gains) and to exchanges from Class B Shares of other Federated Funds.
Rule 12b-1 Plan (CLASS A SHARES AND CLASS B SHARES)
As a compensation-type plan, the Rule 12b-1 Plan is designed to pay the Distributor for activities principally intended to result in the sale of Shares such as advertising and marketing of Shares (including printing and distributing prospectuses and sales literature to prospective shareholders and financial intermediaries) and providing incentives to financial intermediaries to sell Shares. The Plan is also designed to cover the cost of administrative services performed in conjunction with the sale of Shares, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services and educational services, as well as the costs of implementing and operating the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan allows the Distributor to contract with financial intermediaries to perform activities covered by the Plan. The Rule 12b-1 Plan is expected to benefit the Fund in a number of ways. For example, it is anticipated that the Plan will help the Fund attract and retain assets, thus providing cash for orderly portfolio management and Share redemptions and possibly helping to stabilize or reduce other operating expenses.
In addition, the Plan is integral to the multiple class structure of the Fund, which promotes the sale of Shares by providing a range of options to investors. The Fund's service providers that receive asset-based fees also benefit from stable or increasing Fund assets.
The Fund may compensate the Distributor more or less than its actual marketing expenses. In no event will the Fund pay for any expenses of the Distributor that exceed the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee.
For some classes of shares, the maximum Rule 12b-1 Plan fee that can be paid in any one year may not be sufficient to cover the marketing-related expenses the Distributor has incurred. Therefore, it may take the Distributor a number of years to recoup these expenses.
In addition, in connection with the sale of Class B Shares, Federated and its subsidiaries make advance commission payments to financial intermediaries and in return may receive Rule 12b-1 fees and contingent deferred sales loads from the Class B Shares. Federated and its subsidiaries may benefit or sustain losses from such arrangements.
Regarding the Fund's A class, the A class of the Fund currently do not accrue, pay or incur any Rule 12b-1 Plan fee, although the Board of Trustees has adopted a Plan that permits the A class of the Fund to accrue, pay and incur a Rule 12b-1 Plan fee of up to a maximum amount of 0.05% for the A class, or some lesser amount as the Board of Trustees shall approve from time to time. The A class of the Fund will not incur or charge such Rule 12b-1 Plan fees until such time as approved by the Fund's Board of Trustees.
14

Additional Payments To Financial Intermediaries
The Distributor may pay out of its own resources amounts to certain financial intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, registered investment advisers, independent financial planners and retirement plan administrators. In some cases, such payments may be made by, or funded from the resources of, companies affiliated with the Distributor (including the Adviser). While Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) regulations limit the sales charges that you may bear, there are no limits with regard to the amounts that the Distributor may pay out of its own resources. In addition to the payments which are generally described herein and in the Prospectus, the financial intermediary also may receive payments under the Rule 12b-1 Plan and/or Service Fees. In connection with these payments, the financial intermediary may elevate the prominence or profile of the Fund and/or other Federated funds within the financial intermediary's organization by, for example, placement on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or granting the Distributor preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the funds in various ways within the financial intermediary's organization. The same financial intermediaries may receive payments under more than one or all categories. These payments assist in the Distributor's efforts to support the sale of Shares. These payments are negotiated and may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares that the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; the level and types of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary; or the Fund's and/or other Federated funds' relationship with the financial intermediary. Not all financial intermediaries receive such payments and the amount of compensation may vary by intermediary. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any payments it receives from the Distributor or the Federated funds and any services it provides, as well as the fees and/or commissions it charges.
The categories of additional payments are described below.
Supplemental Payments
The Distributor may make supplemental payments to certain financial intermediaries that are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Federated funds. These payments may be based on such factors as: the number or value of Shares the financial intermediary sells or may sell; the value of client assets invested; or the type and nature of services or support furnished by the financial intermediary.
Processing Support Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries that sell Federated fund shares to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement processing and transaction processing. The types of payments that the Distributor may make under this category include: payment of ticket charges on a per-transaction basis; payment of networking fees; and payment for ancillary services such as setting up funds on the financial intermediary's mutual fund trading system.
Retirement Plan Program Servicing Payments
The Distributor may make payments to certain financial intermediaries who sell Federated fund shares through retirement plan programs. A financial intermediary may perform retirement plan program services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform retirement plan program services. In addition to participant recordkeeping, reporting or transaction processing, retirement plan program services may include: services rendered to a plan in connection with fund/investment selection and monitoring; employee enrollment and education; plan balance rollover or separation; or other similar services.
Marketing Support Payments
From time to time, the Distributor, at its expense, may provide additional compensation to financial intermediaries that sell or arrange for the sale of Shares. Such compensation, provided by the Distributor, may include financial assistance to financial intermediaries that enable the Distributor to participate in or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client entertainment, client and investor events and other financial intermediary-sponsored events.
The Distributor also may hold or sponsor, at its expense, sales events, conferences and programs for employees or associated persons of financial intermediaries and may pay the travel and lodging expenses of attendees. The Distributor also may provide, at its expense, meals and entertainment in conjunction with meetings with financial intermediaries. Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state law or regulations, or the rules of any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. These payments may vary depending on the nature of the event or the relationship.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, the following is a list of FINRA member firms that received additional payments from the Distributor or an affiliate. Additional payments may also be made to certain other financial intermediaries that are not FINRA member firms that sell Federated fund shares or provide services to the Federated funds and shareholders. These firms are not included in this list. Any additions, modifications or deletions to the member firms identified in this list that have occurred since December 31, 2015, are not reflected. You should ask your financial intermediary for information about any additional payments it receives from the Distributor.
15

Academy Securities, Inc.
ADP Broker-Dealer, Inc.
Amegy Investments Inc.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc.
Ameriprise Financial Services Inc.
Apex Clearing Corporation
AssetMark Trust Company
AXA Advisors, LLC
B.C. Ziegler And Company
Banc of America Investment Services, Inc.
Barclays Capital Inc.
BB&T Securities, LLC
BCG Securities, Inc.
BMO Harris Financial Advisors, Inc.
BNP Paribas Securities Corporation
Brinker Capital Securities, Inc.
Broadridge Business Process Outsourcing, LLC
Cadaret, Grant & Co., Inc.
Capital Financial Services, Inc.
Capital Guardian, LLC
Capital One Investing, LLC
Cary Street Partners, LLC
CCO Investment Services Corp.
Cetera Advisors LLC
Cetera Investment Services LLC
Charles Schwab & Company, Inc.
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Comerica Securities, Inc.
Commonwealth Financial Network
COR Clearing LLC
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
Cuso Financial Services, L.P.
D.A. Davidson & Co.
Davenport & Company LLC
David Lerner Associates, Inc.
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
DST Market Services, LLC
Edward D. Jones & Co., LP
FBL Marketing Services, LLC
Fidelity Brokerage Services, Inc.
Fifth Third Securities, Inc.
First Allied Securities, Inc.
First Southwest Company
Fort Pitt Capital Group Inc.
FSC Securities Corporation
Goldman, Sachs, & Company
GWFS Equities, Inc.
Hand Securities, Inc.
H. Beck, Inc.
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc.
HefrenTillotson, Inc.
Henderson Global Investors Limited
HighTower Securities LLC
Hilltop Securities Inc.
Independent Financial Group, LLC
ING INVESTMENT ADVISORS, LLC
Institutional Cash Distributors, LLC
INTL FCStone Securities, Inc.
Intrust Brokerage Inc.
Invest Financial Corporation
Investment Professionals, Inc.
JHS Capital Advisors, LLC
J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, LLC
JPMorgan Securities LLC
JP Turner & Company, LLC
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC
Jefferies, LLC
KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc.
KMS Financial Services, Inc.
Kovack Securities Inc.
Legend Equities Corporation
Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation
Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc.
Lockton Financial Advisors LLC
LPL Financial LLC
M&T Securities Inc.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith Incorporated
Mesirow Financial, Inc.
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Mid Atlantic Capital Corp.
Midwestern Securities Trading Company, LLC
MML Investors Services, Inc.
Moors & Cabot, Inc.
Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC
Multi-Bank Securities
National Financial Services LLC
National Planning Corporation
Nationwide Investment Services Corporation
Newport Coast Securities, Inc.
NFP Securities, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Investment Services, LLC
NYLIFE Distributors LLC
Ohio National Equities, Inc.
Oneamerica Securities, Inc.
Oppenheimer & Company, Inc.
PCBB Capital Markets, LLC
People's Securities, Inc.
Pershing LLC
Piper Jaffray & Co.
Planmember Securities Corporation
Planned Investment Co., Inc.
PNC Investments LLC
Princor Financial Services Corporation
Prospera Financial Services, Inc.
Prudential Insurance Company of America The
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc.
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Royal Alliance Associates Inc.
SagePoint Financial, Inc.
Securian Financial Services, Inc.
Securities America, Inc.
Securities Service Network, Inc.
Security Distributors Inc.
SG Americas Securities, LLC
Sigma Financial Corporation
SII Investments, Inc.
State Street Global Markets, LLC
Stephens Inc.
Sterne, Agee & Leach, Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated
Summit Brokerage Services, Inc.
SunAmerica Securities, Inc.
SunGard Brokerage & Securities Services, LLC
Suntrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc.
Synovus Securities, Inc.
Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
The Huntington Investment Company
Thrivent Investment Management, Inc.
Transamerica Financial Advisors, Inc.
Treasury Curve, LLC
U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc.
UBS Financial Services Inc.
UBS Securities LLC
UMB Financial Services, Inc.
USI Securities Inc.
Valor Financial Securities LLC
Vanguard Marketing Corporation
Vining-Sparks IBG, Limited Partnership
Vision Financial Markets, LLC
Voya Financial Partners, LLC
Waddell & Reed, Inc.
Wayne Hummer Investments LLC
Wedbush Morgan Securities Inc.
Wells Fargo Advisors, LLC
Westport Resources Investment Services, Inc.
Woodbury Financial Services, Inc.
UNDERWRITING COMMISSIONS
The following chart reflects the total front-end sales charges and/or contingent deferred sales charges paid in connection with the sale of Class A Shares and Class B Shares of the Fund and the amount retained by the Distributor for the last three fiscal years ended August 31:
  2016 2015 2014
  Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Total Sales
Charges
Amount
Retained
Class A Shares $169,744 $26,255 $120,074 $14,080 $129,855 $17,771
Class B Shares $437 $437 $1,845 $1,406 $3,684 $2,849
Purchases In-Kind
You may contact the Distributor to request a purchase of Shares using securities you own. The Fund reserves the right to determine whether to accept your securities and the minimum market value to accept. The Fund will value your securities in the same manner as it values its assets. An in-kind purchase may be treated as a sale of your securities for federal tax purposes; please consult your tax adviser regarding potential tax liability.
Subaccounting Services
Certain financial intermediaries may wish to use the transfer agent's subaccounting system to minimize their internal recordkeeping requirements. The transfer agent may charge a fee based on the level of subaccounting services rendered. Financial intermediaries holding Shares in a fiduciary, agency, custodial or similar capacity may charge or pass through subaccounting fees as part of or in addition to normal trust or agency account fees. They may also charge fees for other services that may be related to the ownership of Shares. This information should, therefore, be read together with any agreement between the customer and the financial intermediary about the services provided, the fees charged for those services and any restrictions and limitations imposed.
Redemption In-Kind
Although the Fund generally intends to pay Share redemptions in cash, it reserves the right, on its own initiative or in response to a shareholder request, to pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Because the Fund has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund is obligated to pay Share redemptions to any one shareholder in cash only up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets represented by such Share class during any 90-day period.
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Any Share redemption payment greater than this amount will also be in cash unless the Fund elects to pay all or a portion of the remainder of the redemption in portfolio securities, valued in the same way as the Fund determines its NAV.
Redemption in-kind is not as liquid as a cash redemption. Shareholders receiving the portfolio securities could have difficulty selling them, may incur related transaction costs and would be subject to risks of fluctuations in the securities' values prior to sale.
Massachusetts Partnership Law
Under certain circumstances, shareholders may be held personally liable as partners under Massachusetts law for obligations of the Trust. To protect its shareholders, the Trust has filed legal documents with Massachusetts that expressly disclaim the liability of its shareholders for acts or obligations of the Trust.
In the unlikely event a shareholder is held personally liable for the Trust's obligations, the Trust is required by the Declaration of Trust to use its property to protect or compensate the shareholder. On request, the Trust will defend any claim made and pay any judgment against a shareholder for any act or obligation of the Trust. Therefore, financial loss resulting from liability as a shareholder will occur only if the Trust itself cannot meet its obligations to indemnify shareholders and pay judgments against them.
Account and Share Information
Voting Rights
Each Share of the Fund gives the shareholder one vote in Trustee elections and other matters submitted to shareholders for vote.
All Shares of the Trust have equal voting rights, except that in matters affecting only a particular Fund or class, only shares of that Fund or class are entitled to vote.
Trustees may be removed by the Board or by shareholders at a special meeting. A special meeting of shareholders will be called by the Board upon the written request of shareholders who own at least 10% of the Trust's outstanding Shares of all series entitled to vote.
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class A Shares: Edward D. Jones & Co., Saint Louis, MO, owned approximately 1,026,388 Shares (5.79%); Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA, owned approximately 1,113,758 Shares (6.28%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 1,416,117 Shares (7.99%); The Fulton Company, Lancaster, PA, owned approximately 2,899,451 Shares (16.36%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 3,854,813 Shares (21.76%).
As of October 4, 2016, the following shareholders owned of record, beneficially, or both, 5% or more of outstanding Class B Shares: Edward D. Jones & Co., Saint Louis, MO, owned approximately 19,727 Shares (11.56%); National Financial Services LLC, New York, NY, owned approximately 26,023 Shares (15.25%); First Clearing, LLC, St. Louis, MO, owned approximately 55,999 Shares (32.82%); Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ, owned approximately 49,987 Shares (29.29%).
Shareholders owning 25% or more of outstanding Shares may be in control and be able to affect the outcome of certain matters presented for a vote of shareholders.
Pershing LLC is organized in the state of Delaware and is a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Company, Inc.; organized in the state of New York.
First Clearing Corporation is organized in the state of North Carolina and is a subsidiary of Wachovia Corporation, organized in the state of North Carolina.
Tax Information
Federal Income Tax
The Fund intends to meet requirements of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) applicable to regulated investment companies. If these requirements are not met, it will not receive special tax treatment and will be subject to federal corporate income tax.
The Fund will be treated as a single, separate entity for federal income tax purposes so that income earned and capital gains and losses realized by the Trust's other portfolios will be separate from those realized by the Fund.
The Fund is entitled to a loss carryforward, which may reduce the taxable income or gain that the Fund would realize, and to which the shareholder would be subject, in the future.
18

Tax Basis Information
The Fund's Transfer Agent is required to provide you with the cost basis information on the sale of any of your Shares in the Fund, subject to certain exceptions.
State Taxes
Under existing Pennsylvania laws, distributions made by the Fund derived from earnings from interest on exempt federal obligations issued by Pennsylvania, its political subdivisions, public authorities, boards or commissions are not subject to Pennsylvania personal income taxes. Distributions made by the Fund will be subject to Pennsylvania personal income taxes to the extent that they are derived from gain realized by the Fund from the sale or exchange of otherwise tax-exempt obligations.
State and Local Taxes
Income from the Fund is not necessarily free from taxes in states other than Pennsylvania. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the status of their accounts under state and local tax laws.
Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?
Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible for managing the Trust's business affairs and for exercising all the Trust's powers except those reserved for the shareholders. The following tables give information about each Trustee and the senior officers of the Fund. Where required, the tables separately list Trustees who are “interested persons” of the Fund (i.e., “Interested” Trustees) and those who are not (i.e., “Independent” Trustees). Unless otherwise noted, the address of each person listed is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779. The address of all Independent Trustees listed is 4000 Ericsson Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086-7561; Attention: Mutual Fund Board. As of December 31, 2015, the Trust comprised five portfolios, and the Federated Fund Complex consisted of 38 investment companies (comprising 122 portfolios). Unless otherwise noted, each Officer is elected annually. Unless otherwise noted, each Trustee oversees all portfolios in the Federated Fund Complex and serves for an indefinite term.
As of October 4, 2016, the Fund's Board and Officers as a group owned less than 1% of each class of the Fund's outstanding Shares.
qualifications of Independent Trustees
Individual Trustee qualifications are noted in the “Independent Trustees Background and Compensation” chart. In addition, the following characteristics are among those that were considered for each existing Trustee and will be considered for any Nominee Trustee.
■  Outstanding skills in disciplines deemed by the Independent Trustees to be particularly relevant to the role of Independent Trustee and to the Federated funds, including legal, accounting, business management, the financial industry generally and the investment industry particularly.
■  Desire and availability to serve for a substantial period of time, taking into account the Board's current mandatory retirement age of 75 years.
■  No conflicts which would interfere with qualifying as independent.
■  Appropriate interpersonal skills to work effectively with other Independent Trustees.
■  Understanding and appreciation of the important role occupied by Independent Trustees in the regulatory structure governing regulated investment companies.
■  Diversity of background.
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interested Trustees Background and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) for Past Five Years,
Other Directorships Held and Previous Position(s)
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Trust and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
J. Christopher Donahue*
Birth Date: April 11, 1949
President and Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company; Trustee, Federated Investment Counseling; Chairman and Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp.; Chairman, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania and Passport Research, Ltd. (investment advisory subsidiary of Federated); Trustee, Federated Shareholder Services Company; Director, Federated Services Company.
Previous Positions: President, Federated Investment Counseling; President and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Investment Management Company, Federated Global Investment Management Corp. and Passport
Research, Ltd.
$0 $0
John B. Fisher*
Birth Date: May 16, 1956
Trustee
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: May 2016
Principal Occupations: Principal Executive Officer and President of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Director or Trustee of certain of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Director/Trustee and CEO, Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company; President and CEO of Passport Research, Ltd.; President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex and Director, Federated Investors Trust Company.
Qualifications: President and Director of the Institutional Sales Division of Federated Securities Corp.; President and Director of Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Edgewood Securities Corp.; Director, Federated Services Company; Director, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman and Director, Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc. and President, Technology, Federated Services Company.
$0 $0
* Reasons for “interested” status: J. Christopher Donahue and John B. Fisher are interested due to their beneficial ownership of shares of Federated Investors, Inc. and due to positions they hold with Federated and its subsidiaries. J. Christopher Donahue is the son of John F. Donahue, Chairman Emeritus of the Federated Funds.
Independent Trustees Background, Qualifications and Compensation
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
John T. Collins
Birth Date: January 24, 1947
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Compensation Committee, Audit Committee member, KLX Corp.
Qualifications: Mr. Collins has served in several business and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Collins previously served as Chairman and CEO, The Collins Group, Inc. (a private equity firm). Mr. Collins serves as Chairman Emeriti, Bentley University. Mr. Collins previously served as Director, FleetBoston Financial Corp.; Director and Audit Committee Member, Bank of America Corp. and Director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Harvard University Affiliate Hospital).
$369.76 $261,250
20

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
G. Thomas Hough
Birth Date: February 28,1955

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2015
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, Governance Committee, Publix Super Markets, Inc.; Director, Equifax, Inc.
Qualifications: Mr. Hough has served in accounting, business management and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Hough most recently held the position of Americas Vice Chair of Assurance with Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Hough is an Executive Committee member of the United States Golf Association; he serves on the President's Cabinet and Business School Board of Visitors for the University of Alabama and is on the Business School Board of Visitors for Wake Forest University.
$430.38 $107,540.05
Maureen Lally-Green
Birth Date: July 5, 1949
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 2009
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Interim Dean of the Duquesne University School of Law; Adjunct Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law.
Other Directorships Held: Director, CONSOL Energy Inc.
Qualifications: Judge Lally-Green has served in various legal and business roles and directorship positions throughout her career. Judge Lally-Green previously served as: Associate General Secretary, Diocese of Pittsburgh; a member of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania; and as a Professor of Law, Duquesne University School of Law. Judge Lally-Green also holds the positions on either a public or not for profit Board of Directors as follows: Member, Pennsylvania State Board of Education (public); Director and Chair, UPMC Mercy Hospital; Regent, St. Vincent Seminary; Director and Vice Chair, Our Campaign for the Church Alive!, Inc.; Director, Saint Vincent College; and Director and Chair, Cardinal Wuerl North Catholic High School, Inc. Judge Lally-Green has held the positions of: Director, Auberle; Director, Ireland Institute of Pittsburgh; Director, Saint Thomas More Society; and Director, Catholic High Schools of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, Inc.
$369.76 $261,250
Peter E. Madden
Birth Date: March 16, 1942
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: August 1991
Principal Occupation: Director or Trustee, and Chair of the Board of Directors or Trustees, of the Federated Fund Complex; Retired.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Madden has served in several business management, mutual fund services and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Madden previously served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director, State Street Bank and Trust Company (custodian bank) and State Street Corporation (financial services). He was Director, VISA USA and VISA International; and Chairman and Director, Massachusetts Bankers Association. Mr. Madden served as Director, Depository Trust Corporation; and Director, The Boston Stock Exchange. Mr. Madden also served as a Representative to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts General Court.
$451.92 $322,500
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Birth Date: April 10, 1945
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: January 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Mansfield has served in several banking, business management and educational roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Mansfield previously served as Chief Executive Officer, PBTC International Bank; Partner, Arthur Young & Company (now Ernst & Young LLP); Chief Financial Officer of Retail Banking Sector, Chase Manhattan Bank; Senior Vice President, HSBC Bank USA (formerly, Marine Midland Bank); Vice President, Citibank; Assistant Professor of Banking and Finance, Frank G. Zarb School of Business, Hofstra University; Executive Vice President DVC Group, Inc. (marketing, communications and technology).
$336.14 $237,500
21

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Other Directorships Held for
Past Five Years, Previous Position(s) and Qualifications
Aggregate
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total Compensation
From Fund and
Federated Fund Complex
(past calendar year)
Thomas M. O'Neill
Birth Date: June 14, 1951
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2006
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee, Chair of the Audit Committee of the Federated Fund Complex; Sole Proprietor, Navigator Management Company (investment and strategic consulting).
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. O'Neill has served in several business, mutual fund and financial management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. O'Neill serves as Director, Medicines for Humanity and Director, The Golisano Children's Museum of Naples, Florida. Mr. O'Neill previously served as Chief Executive Officer and President, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Fleet Investment Advisors; President and Chief Executive Officer, Aeltus Investment Management, Inc.; General Partner, Hellman, Jordan Management Co., Boston, MA; Chief Investment Officer, The Putnam Companies, Boston, MA; Credit Analyst and Lending Officer, Fleet Bank; Director and Consultant, EZE Castle Software (investment order management software); and Director, Midway Pacific (lumber).
$394.95 $261,250
P. Jerome Richey
Birth Date: February 23, 1949
Trustee
Indefinite Term
Began serving: October 2013
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; Management Consultant.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Richey has served in several business and legal management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Richey most recently held the positions of Senior Vice Chancellor and Chief Legal Officer, University of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey serves as Board Member, Epilepsy Foundation of Western Pennsylvania and Board member, World Affairs Council of Pittsburgh. Mr. Richey previously served as Chief Legal Officer and Executive Vice President, CONSOL Energy Inc. and Shareholder, Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC (a law firm).
$336.14 $237,500
John S. Walsh
Birth Date: November 28, 1957
Trustee

Indefinite Term
Began serving: June 1999
Principal Occupations: Director or Trustee of the Federated Fund Complex; President and Director, Heat Wagon, Inc. (manufacturer of construction temporary heaters); President and Director, Manufacturers Products, Inc. (distributor of portable construction heaters); President, Portable Heater Parts, a division of Manufacturers Products, Inc.
Other Directorships Held: None.
Qualifications: Mr. Walsh has served in several business management roles and directorship positions throughout his career. Mr. Walsh previously served as Vice President, Walsh & Kelly, Inc. (paving contractors).
$353.42 $286,250
OFFICERS*
Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
John W. McGonigle
Birth Date: October 26, 1938
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Officer since: August 1990
Principal Occupations: Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Executive Vice President, Secretary and Director, Federated Investors, Inc.
Previous Positions: Trustee, Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Investment Counseling; Director, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Services Company and Federated Securities Corp.
Lori A. Hensler
Birth Date: January 6, 1967
Treasurer
Officer since: April 2013
Principal Occupations: Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Federated Fund Complex; Senior Vice President, Federated Administrative Services; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp. and Edgewood Services, Inc.; and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company. Ms. Hensler has received the Certified Public Accountant designation.
Previous Positions: Controller of Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President and Assistant Treasurer, Federated Investors Management Company; Treasurer, Federated Investors Trust Company; Assistant Treasurer, Federated Administrative Services, Federated Administrative Services, Inc., Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc., Federated Advisory Services Company, Federated Equity Management Company of Pennsylvania, Federated Global Investment Management Corp., Federated Investment Counseling, Federated Investment Management Company, Passport Research, Ltd. and Federated MDTA, LLC; Financial and Operations Principal for Federated Securities Corp., Edgewood Services, Inc. and Southpointe Distribution Services, Inc.
22

Name
Birth Date
Positions Held with Trust
Date Service Began
Principal Occupation(s) and Previous Position(s)
Richard B. Fisher
Birth Date: May 17, 1923
VICE CHAIRMAN
Officer since: August 2002
Principal Occupations: Vice Chairman or Vice President of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.; Chairman, Federated Securities Corp.
Previous Positions: President and Director or Trustee of some of the Funds in the Federated Fund Complex; Executive Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; Director and Chief Executive Officer, Federated Securities Corp.
Peter J. Germain
Birth Date: September 3, 1959
CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
Officer since: January 2005
Principal Occupations: Mr. Germain is Chief Legal Officer of the Federated Fund Complex. He is General Counsel and Vice President, Federated Investors, Inc.; President, Federated Administrative Services and Federated Administrative Services, Inc.; Vice President, Federated Securities Corp.; Secretary, Federated Private Asset Management, Inc.; and Secretary, Retirement Plan Service Company of America. Mr. Germain joined Federated in 1984 and is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Previous Positions: Deputy General Counsel, Special Counsel, Managing Director of Mutual Fund Services, Federated Investors, Inc.; Senior Vice President, Federated Services Company; and Senior Corporate Counsel, Federated Investors, Inc.
Stephen Van Meter
Birth Date: June 5, 1975
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER AND SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
Officer since: July 2015
Principal Occupations: Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of the Federated Fund Complex; Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of Federated Investors, Inc. and Chief Compliance Officer of certain of its subsidiaries. Mr. Van Meter joined Federated in October 2011. He holds FINRA licenses under Series 3, 7, 24 and 66.
Previous Positions: Mr. Van Meter previously held the position of Compliance Operating Officer, Federated Investors, Inc. Prior to joining Federated, Mr. Van Meter served at the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in the positions of Senior Counsel, Office of Chief Counsel, Division of Investment Management and Senior Counsel, Division of Enforcement.
Robert J. Ostrowski
Birth Date: April 26, 1963
Chief Investment Officer
Officer since: February 2010
Principal Occupations: Robert J. Ostrowski joined Federated in 1987 as an Investment Analyst and became a Portfolio Manager in 1990. He was named Chief Investment Officer of Federated's taxable fixed-income products in 2004 and also serves as a Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Ostrowski became an Executive Vice President of the Fund's Adviser in 2009 and served as a Senior Vice President of the Fund's Adviser from 1997 to 2009. Mr. Ostrowski has received the Chartered Financial Analyst designation. He received his M.S. in Industrial Administration from Carnegie Mellon University.
DIRECTOR/TRUSTEE EMERITUS PROGRAM
The Board has created a position of Director/Trustee Emeritus, whereby an incumbent Director/Trustee who has attained the age of 75 and completed a minimum of five years of service as a director/trustee, may, in the sole discretion of the Committee of Independent Directors/Trustees (“Committee”), be recommended to the full Board of Directors/Trustees of the Fund to serve as Director/Trustee Emeritus.
A Director/Trustee Emeritus that has been approved as such receives an annual fee in an amount equal to a percent of the annual base compensation paid to a Director/Trustee. Effective August 16, 2013, in the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least five years but less than 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 10%. In the case of a Director/Trustee Emeritus who had previously served at least 10 years as a Director/Trustee, the percent will be 20%. Directors/Trustees Emeritus appointed prior to August 16, 2013 are paid 20% of the annual base compensation. In addition, the Director/Trustee Emeritus will be reimbursed for any expenses incurred in connection with their service, including expenses of travel and lodging incurred in attendance at Board meetings. Director/Trustee Emeritus will continue to receive relevant materials concerning the Funds, will be expected to attend at least one regularly scheduled quarterly meeting of the Board of Directors/Trustees each year and will be available to consult with the Committees or its representatives at reasonable times as requested by the Chairman; however, a Director/Trustee Emeritus does not have any voting rights at Board meetings and is not subject to election by shareholders of the Funds.
The Director/Trustee Emeritus will be permitted to serve in such capacity at the pleasure of the Committee, but the annual fee will cease to be paid at the end of the calendar year during which he or she has attained the age of 80 years, thereafter the position will be honorary.
23

The following table shows the fees paid to each Director/Trustee Emeritus for the Fund's most recently ended fiscal year and the portion of that fee paid by the Fund or Trust.1
EMERITUS Trustees and Compensation
Director/Trustee Emeritus
Compensation
From Fund
(past fiscal year)
Total
Compensation
Paid to
Director/Trustee
Emeritus1
John F. Donahue
Chairman Emeritus
$0.00 $0.00
John T. Conroy, Jr. $35.59 $47,500.00
Nicholas Constantakis $35.59 $47,500.00
Robert J. Nicholson $35.59 $47,411.19
James F. Will $35.59 $47,500.00
1 The fees paid to each Director/Trustee are allocated among the funds that were in existence at the time the Director/Trustee elected Emeritus status, based on each fund's net assets at that time.
BOARD LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE
As required under the terms of certain regulatory settlements, the Chairman of the Board is not an interested person of the Fund and neither the Chairman, nor any firm with which the Chairman is affiliated, has a prior relationship with Federated or its affiliates or (other than his position as a Trustee) with the Fund.
Committees of the Board
Board
Committee
Committee
Members
Committee Functions Meetings Held
During Last
Fiscal Year
Executive J. Christopher Donahue
Peter E. Madden
John S. Walsh
In between meetings of the full Board, the Executive Committee generally may exercise all the powers of the full Board in the management and direction of the business and conduct of the affairs of the Trust in such manner as the Executive Committee shall deem to be in the best interests of the Trust. However, the Executive Committee cannot elect or remove Board members, increase or decrease the number of Trustees, elect or remove any Officer, declare dividends, issue shares or recommend to shareholders any action requiring shareholder approval. One
Audit John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Thomas M. O'Neill
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to oversee the accounting and financial reporting process of the Fund, the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and the quality, integrity and independent audit of the Fund's financial statements. The Committee also oversees or assists the Board with the oversight of compliance with legal requirements relating to those matters, approves the engagement and reviews the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm, acts as a liaison between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Board and reviews the Fund's internal audit function. Ten
Nominating John T. Collins
G. Thomas Hough
Maureen Lally-Green
Peter E. Madden
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.
Thomas M. O'Neill
P. Jerome Richey
John S. Walsh
The Nominating Committee, whose members consist of all Independent Trustees, selects and nominates persons for election to the Fund's Board when vacancies occur. The Committee will consider candidates recommended by shareholders, Independent Trustees, officers or employees of any of the Fund's agents or service providers and counsel to the Fund. Any shareholder who desires to have an individual considered for nomination by the Committee must submit a recommendation in writing to the Secretary of the Fund, at the Fund's address appearing on the back cover of this SAI. The recommendation should include the name and address of both the shareholder and the candidate and detailed information concerning the candidate's qualifications and experience. In identifying and evaluating candidates for consideration, the Committee shall consider such factors as it deems appropriate. Those factors will ordinarily include: integrity, intelligence, collegiality, judgment, diversity, skill, business and other experience, qualification as an “Independent Trustee,” the existence of material relationships which may create the appearance of a lack of independence, financial or accounting knowledge and experience and dedication and willingness to devote the time and attention necessary to fulfill Board responsibilities. One
24

BOARD'S ROLE IN RISK OVERSIGHT
The Board's role in overseeing the Fund's general risks includes receiving performance reports for the Fund and risk management reports from Federated's Chief Risk Officer at each regular Board meeting. The Chief Risk Officer is responsible for enterprise risk management at Federated, which includes risk management committees for investment management and for investor services. The Board also receives regular reports from the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer regarding significant compliance risks.
On behalf of the Board, the Audit Committee plays a key role overseeing the Fund's financial reporting and valuation risks. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the Fund's Principal Financial Officer and outside auditors, as well as with Federated's Chief Audit Executive to discuss financial reporting and audit issues, including risks relating to financial controls.
Board Ownership Of Shares In The Fund And In The Federated Family Of Investment Companies As Of December 31, 2015
Interested Board
Member Name
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund
Aggregate
Dollar Range of
Shares Owned in
Federated Family of
Investment Companies
J. Christopher Donahue None Over $100,000
John B. Fisher None Over $100,000
Independent Board
Member Name
   
John T. Collins None Over $100,000
G. Thomas Hough None $50,001-$100,000
Maureen Lally-Green None Over $100,000
Peter E. Madden None Over $100,000
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr. None Over $100,000
Thomas M. O'Neill None Over $100,000
P. Jerome Richey None Over $100,000
John S. Walsh None Over $100,000
Investment Adviser
The Adviser conducts investment research and makes investment decisions for the Fund.
The Adviser is a wholly owned subsidiary of Federated.
The Adviser shall not be liable to the Trust or any Fund shareholder for any losses that may be sustained in the purchase, holding or sale of any security or for anything done or omitted by it, except acts or omissions involving willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties imposed upon it by its contract with the Trust.
Portfolio Manager Information
As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with a portfolio manager's management of a fund's investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Fund. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts can include, for example, conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements (including, for example, the allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which the portfolio manager is responsible in calculating the portfolio manager's compensation), and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute Fund portfolio trades and/or specific uses of commissions from Fund portfolio trades (for example, research or “soft dollars”). The Adviser has adopted policies and procedures and has structured the portfolio managers' compensation in a manner reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such potential conflicts.
The following information about the Fund's Portfolio Manager is provided as of the end of the Fund's most recently completed fiscal year unless otherwise indicated.
25

J. Scott Albrecht, Portfolio Manager
Types of Accounts Managed
by J. Scott Albrecht
Total Number of Additional Accounts
Managed/Total Assets*
Registered Investment Companies 4/$706.7 million
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles 0/$0
Other Accounts 0/$0
* None of the Accounts has an advisory fee that is based on the performance of the account.
Dollar value range of shares owned in the Fund: None.
J. Scott Albrecht is paid a fixed base salary and a variable annual incentive. Base salary is determined within a market competitive, position-specific salary range, based on the portfolio manager's experience and performance. The annual incentive amount is determined based primarily on Investment Product Performance (IPP) and, to a lesser extent, Financial Success, and may be paid entirely in cash, or in a combination of cash and restricted stock of Federated Investors, Inc. (“Federated”). The total combined annual incentive opportunity is intended to be competitive in the market for this portfolio manager role.
IPP is measured on a rolling one, three and five calendar year pre-tax total return basis versus the Fund's designated peer group of comparable accounts and on a one, three and five year pre-tax total return basis versus a benchmark for the Fund (i.e., S&P Municipal Bond PA, Investment Grade, 3-Year Plus Sub-Index). Performance periods are adjusted if a portfolio manager has been managing an account for less than five years; accounts with less than one year of performance history under a portfolio manager may be excluded. As noted above, Mr. Albrecht is also the portfolio manager for other funds or accounts in addition to the Fund. Such other funds or accounts may have different benchmarks and performance measures. The allocation or weighting given to the performance of the Fund or other accounts or activities for which Mr. Albrecht is responsible in calculating his compensation may be equal or can vary. For purposes of calculating the annual incentive amount, each fund or account managed by the portfolio manager currently is categorized into one IPP group (which may be adjusted periodically). Within each performance measurement period and IPP Group, IPP is calculated on the basis of an assigned weighting to each account or fund managed by the portfolio manager and included in the IPP Group. At the fund/account level, the weighting assigned to the Fund is greater than or equal to the weighting assigned to the other funds or accounts or activities used to determine IPP (but can be adjusted periodically). Mr. Albrecht serves on one or more Investment Teams that establishes guidelines on various performance drivers (e.g. currency, duration, sector, volatility and/or yield curve) for taxable, fixed income products. A portion of the bonus tied to the IPP score may be adjusted based on management's assessment of overall contributions to Fund performance and any other factors as deemed relevant.
The Financial Success category is designed to tie the portfolio manager's bonus, in part, to Federated's overall financial results. Funding for the Financial Success category may be determined on a product or asset class basis, as well as on corporate financial results. Senior Management determines individual Financial Success bonuses on a discretionary basis, considering overall contributions and any other factors deemed relevant.
Services Agreement
Federated Advisory Services Company, an affiliate of the Adviser, provides certain support services to the Adviser. The fee for these services is paid by the Adviser and not by the Fund.
Other Related Services
Affiliates of the Adviser may, from time to time, provide certain electronic equipment and software to institutional customers in order to facilitate the purchase of Fund Shares offered by the Distributor.
Code Of Ethics Restrictions On Personal Trading
As required by SEC rules, the Fund, its Adviser and its Distributor have adopted codes of ethics. These codes govern securities trading activities of investment personnel, Fund Trustees and certain other employees. Although they do permit these people to trade in securities, including those that the Fund could buy, as well as Shares of the Fund, they also contain significant safeguards designed to protect the Fund and its shareholders from abuses in this area, such as requirements to obtain prior approval for, and to report, particular transactions.
Voting Proxies On Fund Portfolio Securities
The Board has delegated to the Adviser authority to vote proxies on the securities held in the Fund's portfolio. The Board has also approved the Adviser's policies and procedures for voting the proxies, which are described below.
26

Proxy Voting Policies
The Adviser's general policy is to cast proxy votes in favor of management proposals and shareholder proposals that the Adviser anticipates will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. Generally, this will mean voting for proposals that the Adviser believes will: (a) improve the management of a company; (b) increase the rights or preferences of the voted securities; and/or (c) increase the chance that a premium offer would be made for the company or for the voted securities. This approach to voting proxy proposals will be referred to hereafter as the General Policy.
The following examples illustrate how the General Policy may apply to management proposals and shareholder proposals submitted for approval or ratification by holders of the company's voting securities. However, whether the Adviser supports or opposes a proposal will always depend on the specific circumstances described in the proxy statement and other available information.
On matters of corporate governance, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of: (1) a proposal to require a company's audit committee to be comprised entirely of independent directors; (2) shareholder proposals to declassify the board of directors; in favor of shareholder proposals to require a majority voting standard in the election of directors; (3) proposals to grant shareholders the right to call a special meeting if owners of at least 25% of the outstanding stock agree; (4) a proposal to require independent tabulation of proxies and/or confidential voting of shareholders; (5) a proposal to ratify the board's selection of auditors, unless: (a) compensation for non-audit services exceeded 50% of the total compensation received from the company; or (b) the previous auditor was dismissed because of a disagreement with the company; (6) a proposal to repeal a shareholder rights plan (also known as a “poison pill”) and against the adoption of such a plan, unless the plan is designed to facilitate, rather than prevent, unsolicited offers for the company; (7) shareholder proposals to eliminate supermajority requirements in company bylaws; (8) shareholder proposals to separate the roles of chairman of the board and CEO; (9) shareholder proposals to allow shareholders owning at least 3% of the outstanding common stock for at least three years to nominate candidates for election to the board of directors (“Proxy Access”); (10) the full slate of directors nominated in an uncontested election, but against any director who: (a) had not attended at least 75% of the board meetings during the previous year; (b) serves as the company's chief financial officer; (c) has committed himself or herself to service on a large number of boards, such that we deem it unlikely that the director would be able to commit sufficient focus and time to a particular company; (d) is the chair of the nominating or governance committee when the roles of chairman of the board and CEO are combined and there is no lead independent director; (e) served on the compensation committee during a period in which compensation appears excessive relative to performance and peers; or (f) served on a board that did not implement a shareholder proposal that Federated supported and received more than 50% shareholder support the previous year.
On matters of capital structure, generally the Adviser will vote against a proposal to authorize or issue shares that are senior in priority or voting rights to the voted securities, and in favor of a proposal to: (1) reduce the amount of shares authorized for issuance (subject to adequate provisions for outstanding convertible securities, options, warrants, rights and other existing obligations to issue shares); (2) grant preemptive rights to the securities being voted and against a proposal to eliminate such preemptive rights; and (3) authorize a stock repurchase program.
On matters relating to management compensation, generally the Adviser will vote in favor of stock incentive plans (including plans for directors) that align the recipients of stock incentives with the interests of shareholders, without creating undue dilution, and against: (1) the advisory vote on executive compensation plans (“Say On Pay”) when the plan has failed to align executive compensation with corporate performance; (2) proposals that would permit the amendment or replacement of outstanding stock incentives with new stock incentives having more favorable terms (e.g., lower purchase prices or easier vesting requirements); and (3) executive compensation plans that do not disclose the maximum amounts of compensation that may be awarded or the criteria for determining awards.
On matters relating to corporate transactions, the Adviser will vote proxies consistent with the General Policy. The Adviser will vote proxies in contested elections of directors based upon its analysis of the opposing slates and their proposed business strategy and the expected impact on the long-term value of the securities being voted. The Adviser generally votes proxies against proposals submitted by shareholders without the favorable recommendation of a company's board. The Adviser believes that a company's board should manage its business and policies, and that shareholders who seek specific changes should strive to convince the board of their merits or seek direct representation on the board. However, the Adviser would vote for shareholder proposals not supported by the company's board that the Adviser regards as: (a) likely to result in an immediate and favorable improvement in the total return of the voted security; and (b) unlikely to be adopted by the company's board in the absence of shareholder direction.
In addition, the Adviser will not vote any proxy if it determines that the consequences or costs of voting outweigh the potential benefit of voting. For example, if a foreign market requires shareholders voting proxies to retain the voted shares until the meeting date (thereby rendering the shares “illiquid” for some period of time), the Adviser will not vote proxies for such shares. In addition, the Adviser is not obligated to incur any expense to send a representative to a shareholder meeting or to translate proxy materials into English.
27

Proxy Voting Procedures
The Adviser has established a Proxy Voting Committee (“Proxy Committee”), to exercise all voting discretion granted to the Adviser by the Board in accordance with the proxy voting policies. To assist it in carrying out the day-to-day operations related to proxy voting, the Proxy Committee has created the Proxy Voting Management Group (PVMG). The day-to-day operations related to proxy voting are carried out by the Proxy Voting Operations Team (PVOT) and overseen by the PVMG. This work includes, interacting with a proxy voting service on the Proxy Committee's behalf; soliciting voting recommendations from the Adviser's investment professionals, as necessary; bringing requests to the Proxy Committee from the Adviser's investment professionals for voting contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions; filing any required proxy voting reports; providing proxy voting reports to clients and investment companies as they are requested from time to time; keeping the Proxy Committee informed of any issues related to proxy voting; and voting client shares as directed by the Proxy Committee.
The Adviser has hired a proxy voting service to obtain, vote and record proxies in accordance with the directions of the Proxy Committee. The Proxy Committee has supplied the proxy voting services with general instructions (the “Standard Voting Instructions”) that represent decisions made by the Proxy Committee in order to vote common proxy proposals. As the Proxy Committee believes that a shareholder vote is equivalent to an investment decision, the Proxy Committee retains the right to modify the Standard Voting Instructions at any time or to vote contrary to them at any time in order to cast proxy votes in a manner that the Proxy Committee believes is: (a) in the best interests of the Adviser's clients (and shareholders of the funds advised by the Adviser); and (b) will enhance the long-term value of the securities being voted. The proxy voting service may vote any proxy as directed in the Standard Voting Instructions without further direction from the Proxy Committee. However, if the Standard Voting Instructions require case-by-case direction for a proposal, the PVOT will work with the investment professionals and the proxy voting service to develop a voting recommendation for the Proxy Committee and to communicate the Proxy Committee's final voting decision to the proxy voting service. Further, if the Standard Voting Instructions require the PVOT to analyze a ballot question and make the final voting decision, the PVOT will report such votes to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis for review.
Conflicts of Interest
The Adviser has adopted procedures to address situations where a matter on which a proxy is sought may present a potential conflict between the interests of the Fund (and its shareholders) and those of the Adviser or Distributor. This may occur where a significant business relationship exists between the Adviser (or its affiliates) and a company involved with a proxy vote. A company that is a proponent, opponent, or the subject of a proxy vote, and which to the knowledge of the Proxy Committee has this type of significant business relationship, is referred to below as an “Interested Company.”
The Adviser has implemented the following procedures in order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the Adviser or its affiliates have influenced proxy votes. Any employee of the Adviser or its affiliates who is contacted by an Interested Company regarding proxies to be voted by the Adviser must refer the Interested Company to a member of the Proxy Committee, and must inform the Interested Company that the Proxy Committee has exclusive authority to determine how the proxy will be voted. Any Proxy Committee member contacted by an Interested Company must report it to the full Proxy Committee and provide a written summary of the communication. Under no circumstances will the Proxy Committee or any member of the Proxy Committee make a commitment to an Interested Company regarding the voting of proxies or disclose to an Interested Company how the Proxy Committee has directed such proxies to be voted. If the Standard Voting Instructions already provide specific direction on the proposal in question, the Proxy Committee shall not alter or amend such directions. If the Standard Voting Instructions require the Proxy Committee to provide further direction, the Proxy Committee shall do so in accordance with the proxy voting policies, without regard for the interests of the Adviser with respect to the Interested Company. If the Proxy Committee provides any direction as to the voting of proxies relating to a proposal affecting an Interested Company, it must disclose annually to the Fund's Board information regarding: the significant business relationship; any material communication with the Interested Company; the matter(s) voted on; and how, and why, the Adviser voted as it did. Alternatively, the Proxy Committee may seek direction from the Fund's Board on how a proposal concerning an Interested Company shall be voted, and shall follow any such direction provided by the Board. In seeking such direction, the Proxy Committee will disclose the reason such company is considered an Interested Company and may provide a recommendation on how such proposal should be voted and the basis for such recommendation.
In certain circumstances it may be appropriate for the Adviser to vote in the same proportion as all other shareholders, so as to not affect the outcome beyond helping to establish a quorum at the shareholders' meeting. This is referred to as “proportional voting.” If the Fund owns shares of another Federated mutual fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the client's proxies for that fund or seek direction from the Board or the client on how the proposal should be voted. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated mutual fund, the Adviser may proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund depending on the size of the position. If the Fund owns shares of an unaffiliated exchange-traded fund, the Adviser will proportionally vote the Fund's proxies for that fund.
28

Downstream Affiliates
If the Proxy Committee gives further direction, or seeks to vote contrary to the Standard Voting Instructions, for a proxy relating to a portfolio company in which the Fund owns more than 10% of the portfolio company's outstanding voting securities at the time of the vote (Downstream Affiliate), the Proxy Committee must first receive guidance from counsel to the Proxy Committee as to whether any relationship between the Adviser and the portfolio company, other than such ownership of the portfolio company's securities, gives rise to an actual conflict of interest. If counsel determines that an actual conflict exists, the Proxy Committee must address any such conflict with the executive committee of the board of directors or trustees of any investment company client prior to taking any action on the proxy at issue.
Proxy Advisers' Conflicts of Interest
Proxy advisory firms may have significant business relationships with the subjects of their research and voting recommendations. For example, a proxy voting service client may be a public company with an upcoming shareholders' meeting and the proxy voting service has published a research report with voting recommendations. In another example, a proxy voting service board member also sits on the board of a public company for which the proxy voting service will write a research report. These and similar situations give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest.
In order to avoid concerns that the conflicting interests of the engaged proxy voting service have influenced proxy voting recommendations, the Adviser will take the following steps:
■  A due diligence team made up of employees of the Adviser and/or its affiliates will meet with the proxy voting service on an annual basis and determine through a review of their policies and procedures and through inquiry that the proxy voting service has established a system of internal controls that provide reasonable assurance that their voting recommendations are not influenced by the business relationships they have with the subjects of their research.
■  Whenever the standard voting guidelines call for voting a proposal in accordance with the proxy voting service recommendation and the proxy voting service has disclosed that they have a conflict of interest with respect to that issuer, the PVOT will take the following steps: (a) the PVOT will obtain a copy of the research report and recommendations published by another proxy voting service for that issuer; (b) the Head of the PVOT, or his designee, will review both the engaged proxy voting service research report and the research report of the other proxy voting service and determine what vote will be cast. The PVOT will report all proxies voted in this manner to the Proxy Committee on a quarterly basis. Alternatively, the PVOT may seek direction from the Committee on how the proposal shall be voted.
Proxy Voting Report
A report on “Form N-PX” of how the Fund voted any proxies during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available via the Proxy Voting Record (Form N-PX) link associated with the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. Form N-PX filings are also available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
Portfolio Holdings Information
Information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings is available via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. A complete listing of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of each calendar quarter is posted on the website 30 days (or the next business day) after the end of the quarter and remains posted for six months thereafter. Summary portfolio composition information as of the close of each month is posted on the website 15 days (or the next business day) after month-end and remains posted until replaced by the information for the succeeding month. The summary portfolio composition information may include: the Fund's top 10 holdings, weighted average effective maturity, weighted average effective duration and other portfolio characteristics, and percentage breakdowns of the portfolio by sector and credit quality.
You may also access portfolio information as of the end of the Fund's fiscal quarters via the link to the Fund and share class name at www.FederatedInvestors.com/FundInformation. The Fund's Annual Shareholder Report and Semi-Annual Shareholder Report contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's second and fourth fiscal quarters. The Fund's Form N-Q filings contain complete listings of the Fund's portfolio holdings as of the end of the Fund's first and third fiscal quarters. Fiscal quarter information is made available on the website within 70 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. This information is also available in reports filed with the SEC at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
The disclosure policy of the Fund and the Adviser prohibits the disclosure of portfolio holdings information to any investor or intermediary before the same information is made available to other investors. Employees of the Adviser or its affiliates who have access to nonpublic information concerning the Fund's portfolio holdings are prohibited from trading securities on the basis of this information. Such persons must report all personal securities trades and obtain pre-clearance for all personal securities trades other than mutual fund shares.
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Firms that provide administrative, custody, financial, accounting, legal or other services to the Fund may receive nonpublic information about Fund portfolio holdings for purposes relating to their services. The Fund may also provide portfolio holdings information to publications that rate, rank or otherwise categorize investment companies. Traders or portfolio managers may provide “interest” lists to facilitate portfolio trading if the list reflects only that subset of the portfolio for which the trader or portfolio manager is seeking market interest. A list of service providers, publications and other third parties who may receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information appears in the Appendix to this SAI.
The furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to any third party (other than authorized governmental or regulatory personnel) requires the prior approval of the President of the Adviser and of the Chief Compliance Officer of the Fund. The President of the Adviser and the Chief Compliance Officer will approve the furnishing of nonpublic portfolio holdings information to a third party only if they consider the furnishing of such information to be in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. In that regard, and to address possible conflicts between the interests of Fund shareholders and those of the Adviser and its affiliates, the following procedures apply. No consideration may be received by the Fund, the Adviser, any affiliate of the Adviser or any of their employees in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. Before information is furnished, the third party must sign a written agreement that it will safeguard the confidentiality of the information, will use it only for the purposes for which it is furnished and will not use it in connection with the trading of any security. Persons approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information will receive it as often as necessary for the purpose for which it is provided. Such information may be furnished as frequently as daily and often with no time lag between the date of the information and the date it is furnished. The Board receives and reviews annually a list of the persons who receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information and the purposes for which it is furnished.
Brokerage Transactions And Investment Allocation
When selecting brokers and dealers to handle the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments, the Adviser looks for prompt execution of the order at a favorable price. Fixed-income securities are generally traded in an over-the-counter market on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers acting as principal or in transactions directly with the issuer. Dealers derive an undisclosed amount of compensation by offering securities at a higher price than they bid for them. Some fixed-income securities may have only one primary market maker. The Adviser seeks to use dealers it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold, but may not always obtain the lowest purchase price or highest sale price with respect to a security. The Adviser makes decisions on portfolio transactions and selects brokers and dealers subject to review by the Fund's Board.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other accounts managed by the Adviser and accounts managed by affiliates of the Adviser. When the Fund and one or more of those accounts invests in, or disposes of, the same security, available investments or opportunities for sales will be allocated among the Fund and the account(s) in a manner believed by the Adviser to be equitable. While the coordination and ability to participate in volume transactions may benefit the Fund, it is possible that this procedure could adversely impact the price paid or received and/or the position obtained or disposed of by the Fund. Investment decisions, and trading, for certain separately managed or wrap-fee accounts, and other accounts, of the Adviser and/or certain investment adviser affiliates of the Adviser are generally made, and conducted, independently from the Fund. It is possible that such independent trading activity could adversely impact the prices paid or received and/or positions obtained or disposed of by the Fund.
Administrator
Federated Administrative Services (FAS), a subsidiary of Federated, provides administrative personnel and services, including certain legal, compliance, recordkeeping and financial reporting services (“Administrative Services”), necessary for the operation of the Fund. FAS provides Administrative Services for a fee based upon the rates set forth below paid on the average daily net assets of the Fund. For purposes of determining the appropriate rate breakpoint, “Investment Complex” is defined as all of the Federated Funds subject to a fee under the Administrative Services Agreement with FAS. FAS is also entitled to reimbursement for certain out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing Administrative Services to the Fund.
Administrative Services
Fee Rate
Average Daily Net Assets
of the Investment Complex
0.150 of 1% on the first $5 billion
0.125 of 1% on the next $5 billion
0.100 of 1% on the next $10 billion
0.075 of 1% on assets over $20 billion
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Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon, New York, New York, is custodian for the securities and cash of the Fund.
Transfer Agent And Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, the Fund's registered transfer agent, maintains all necessary shareholder records.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund, KPMG LLP, conducts its audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which require it to plan and perform its audits to provide reasonable assurance about whether the Fund's financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.
FEES PAID BY THE FUND FOR SERVICES
For the Year Ended August 31 2016 2015 2014
Advisory Fee Earned $798,428 $859,807 $901,812
Advisory Fee Reduction $202,783 $209,855 $240,531
Net Administrative Fee $156,125 $168,218 $176,154
Net 12b-1 Fee:      
 Class A Shares
 Class B Shares $16,194 $19,736 $23,753
Net Shareholder Services Fee:      
 Class A Shares $454,131 $488,337 $511,257
 Class B Shares $5,398 $6,579 $7,918
Fees are allocated among classes based on their pro rata share of Fund assets, except for marketing (“Rule 12b-1”) fees and shareholder services fees, which are borne only by the applicable class of Shares.
Financial Information
The Financial Statements for the Fund for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference to the Annual Report to Shareholders of Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund dated August 31, 2016.
Investment Ratings
Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) LONG-TERM Issue RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P's analysis of the following considerations: the likelihood of payment—capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; the nature of and provisions of the obligation; and the protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Obligations rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC”, and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C—A “C” rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the “C” rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within five business days, irrespective of any grace period. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to “D” upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
The ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
S&P Rating Outlook
An S& P rating outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in the economic and/or fundamental business conditions.
Positive—Positive means that a rating may be raised.
Negative—Negative means that a rating may be lowered.
Stable—Stable means that a rating is not likely to change.
Developing—Developing means a rating may be raised or lowered.
N.M.—N.M. means not meaningful.
S&P Short-Term Issue RATINGS
Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the United States, for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days—including commercial paper.
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in payment default. The “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period. However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
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MOODY'S Investor Services, Inc. (MOODY's) LONG-TERM RATINGS
Moody's long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of one year or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aaa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
MOODY'S Short-Term RATINGS
Moody's short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments.
P-1—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
FITCH, INC. (Fitch) LONG-TERM Debt RATINGs
Fitch long-term ratings report Fitch's opinion on an entity's relative vulnerability to default on financial obligations. The “threshold” default risk addressed by the rating is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, Fitch long-term ratings also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts, although the agency recognizes that issuers may also make pre-emptive and therefore voluntary use of such mechanisms.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality—“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality—“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality—“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality—“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative—“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative—“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk—Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk—Default of some kind appears probable.
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C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk—Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include: (a) the issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; (b) the issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; or (c) Fitch otherwise believes a condition of “RD” or “D” to be imminent or inevitable, including through the formal announcement of a distressed debt exchange.
RD: Restricted Default—“RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: (a) the selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; (b) the uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; (c) the extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; or (d) execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations.
D: Default—“D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch's opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
“Imminent” default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency's opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer's financial obligations or local commercial practice.
FITCH SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGs
A Fitch short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F-1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality—Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F-2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality—Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F-3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality—The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality—Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk—Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default—Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default—Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
A.M. BEST Company, Inc. (a.m. best) LONG-TERM DEBT and Preferred Stock RATINGS
A Best's long-term debt rating is Best's independent opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its ongoing financial obligations to security holders when due.
aaa: Exceptional—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an exceptional ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
aa: Very Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a very strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
a: Strong—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a strong ability to meet the terms of the obligation.
bbb: Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to meet the terms of the obligation; however, the issue is more susceptible to changes in economic or other conditions.
bb: Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin or principal and interest payment protection and vulnerability to economic changes.
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b: Very Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has very speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a modest margin of principal and interest payment protection and extreme vulnerability to economic changes.
ccc, cc, c: Extremely Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has extremely speculative credit characteristics, generally due to a minimal margin of principal and interest payment protection and/or limited ability to withstand adverse changes in economic or other conditions.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
Ratings from “aa” to “ccc” may be enhanced with a “+” (plus) or “-” (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category.
A.M. BEST SHORT-TERM DEBT RATINGS
A Best's short-term debt rating is Best's opinion of an issuer/entity's ability to meet its financial obligations having original maturities of generally less than one year, such as commercial paper.
AMB-1+ Strongest—Assigned to issues where the issuer has the strongest ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-1 Outstanding—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an outstanding ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-2 Satisfactory—Assigned to issues where the issuer has a satisfactory ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
AMB-3 Adequate—Assigned to issues where the issuer has an adequate ability to repay short-term debt obligations; however, adverse economic conditions likely will reduce the issuer's capacity to meet its financial commitments.
AMB-4 Speculative—Assigned to issues where the issuer has speculative credit characteristics and is vulnerable to adverse economic or other external changes, which could have a marked impact on the company's ability to meet its financial commitments.
d: In Default—Assigned to issues in default on payment of principal, interest or other terms and conditions, or when a bankruptcy petition or similar action has been filed.
A.M. Best Rating Modifiers
Both long- and short-term credit ratings can be assigned a modifier.
u—Indicates the rating may change in the near term, typically within six months. Generally is event-driven, with positive, negative or developing implications.
pd—Indicates ratings assigned to a company that chose not to participate in A.M. Best's interactive rating process. (Discontinued in 2010).
i—Indicates rating assigned is indicative.
A.M. BEST RATING OUTLOOK
A.M. Best Credit Ratings are assigned a Rating Outlook that indicates the potential direction of a credit rating over an intermediate term, generally defined as the next 12 to 36 months.
Positive—Indicates possible ratings upgrade due to favorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Negative—Indicates possible ratings downgrade due to unfavorable financial/market trends relative to the current trading level.
Stable—Indicates low likelihood of rating change due to stable financial/market trends.
Not Rated
Certain nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) may designate certain issues as NR, meaning that the issue or obligation is not rated.
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Addresses
Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund
Class A Shares
Class B Shares
Federated Investors Funds
4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561
Distributor
Federated Securities Corp.
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Investment Adviser
Federated Investment Management Company
Federated Investors Tower
1001 Liberty Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779
Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company
P.O. Box 8600
Boston, MA 02266-8600
Custodian
The Bank of New York Mellon
One Wall Street
New York, NY 10286
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
KPMG LLP
Two Financial Center
60 South Street
Boston, MA 02111
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Appendix A
The following is a list of persons, other than the Adviser and its affiliates, that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information concerning the Federated Fund Complex; however, certain persons below might not receive such information concerning the Fund:
CUSTODIAN(S)
The Bank of New York Mellon
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP
LEGAL COUNSEL
Goodwin Procter LLP
K&L Gates LLP
Financial Printer(S)
RR Donnelley & Sons Company
Proxy Voting Administrator
Glass Lewis & Co.
SECURITY PRICING SERVICES
Interactive Data Corporation
Markit Group Limited
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Thomson Reuters Corporation
RATINGS AGENCIES
Fitch, Inc.
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC
Other SERVICE PROVIDERS
Other types of service providers that have been approved to receive nonpublic portfolio holdings information include service providers offering, for example, trade order management systems, portfolio analytics, or performance and accounting systems, such as:
Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Barclays Inc.
Bloomberg L.P.
Citibank, N.A.
Electra Information Systems
Informa Investment Solutions, Inc.
Investortools, Inc.
Morningstar, Inc.
MSCI Inc.
SunGard Data Systems Inc.
The Yield Book, Inc.
Wolters Kluwer N.V.
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Appendix B - Pennsylvania State Risk
STATE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Risks of Concentration. The following information as to certain state specific considerations is given to investors in view of the Fund's policy of concentrating its investments in particular state issuers. Such information supplements the information in the prospectus. It is derived from sources that are generally available to investors and is believed to be accurate. Such information constitutes only a brief summary, does not purport to be a complete description and is based on information from official statements relating to securities offerings of issuers of each particular state. The Trust has not independently verified this information.
The following describes economic conditions which may not continue and could change materially. There can be no assurance that particular bond issues may not be adversely affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions.
PENNSYLVANIA
Information as of September 30, 2016
Special Considerations Relating to Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (referred to in this “Pennsylvania Concentration” section as the “Commonwealth,” the “State” or “Pennsylvania”) is an established state with a diversified economy. Pennsylvania had been historically identified as a heavy industrial state. That reputation has changed over the last thirty years as the coal, steel and railroad industries declined. The Commonwealth's business environment readjusted with a more diversified economic base. This economic readjustment was a direct result of a long-term shift in jobs, investment, and workers away from the northeast part of the nation. Currently, the major sources of growth in Pennsylvania are in the service sector, including trade, medical, health services, education and financial institutions.
The General Fund, Pennsylvania's largest operating fund, receives all tax revenues, non-tax revenues, and federal grants and entitlements that are not specified by law to be deposited elsewhere. The majority of the Commonwealth's operating and administrative expenses are payable from the General Fund. Debt service on all bond indebtedness of the Commonwealth, except that issued for highway purposes or for the benefit of other special revenue funds, is payable from the General Fund. The General Fund closed fiscal year 2015 with a fund balance $273.6 million.
General Fund revenues increased $1,985 million or 6.9 percent during fiscal year 2015 when measured on a year-over-year basis as compared to fiscal year 2014. General Fund revenues of the Commonwealth were above the certified estimate by $411.9 million or 1.4 percent during fiscal year 2015. Final Commonwealth General Fund revenues for the fiscal year totaled $30,592.5 million. Total fiscal year 2015 revenues, net of reserves for tax refunds and including public health and human services assessments, totaled $30,136.2 million. Total expenditures, net of appropriation lapses and including public health and human services assessments and expenditures from additional sources, were $30,036.5 million. After accounting for a positive fiscal year 2015 beginning balance of $83.7 million, the Commonwealth ended fiscal year 2015 with an unappropriated surplus balance of $274.5 million.
The enacted fiscal year 2016 budget provides appropriations and executive authorizations, net of lapses and other reductions, totaling $30,008.8 million of Commonwealth funds against estimated revenues of $30,871.7 million. Enacted General Fund appropriations represent an increase of $980.9 million, or 3.3 percent on a year-over-year basis, from fiscal year 2015.
The Commonwealth is permitted by its Constitution to incur the following types of debt: (i) debt to suppress insurrection or rehabilitate areas affected by disaster; (ii) electorate approved debt; (iii) debt for capital projects subject to an aggregate debt limit of 1.75 times the annual average tax revenues of the preceding five fiscal years; and (iv) tax anticipation notes payable in the fiscal year of issuance. All debt except tax anticipation notes must be amortized in substantial and regular amounts.
Debt service on Commonwealth general obligation debt is paid from appropriations out of the General Fund except for debt issued for highway purposes, which is paid from Motor License Fund appropriations. Net outstanding general obligation debt totaled $11,632.5 million at June 30, 2015, an increase of $242.3 million from June 30, 2014. Over the 10-year period ended June 30, 2015, total net outstanding general obligation debt increased at an annual rate of 5.6 percent. Within the most recent 5-year period, in such period outstanding general obligation debt has increased at an annual rate of 3.3 percent.
Certain state-created organizations have statutory authorization to issue debt for which state appropriations to pay debt service thereon are not required. The debt of these organizations is funded by assets of or revenues derived from the various projects financed; it is not an obligation of the state. Some of these organizations, however, are indirectly dependent on state appropriations. State-related agencies and their outstanding debt as of December 31, 2015 include the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission ($314.1 million), the Delaware River Port Authority ($1,537.5 million), the Pennsylvania Economic Development
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Financing Authority ($6,405.9 million), the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency ($6,260.1 million), the Pennsylvania Higher Education Facilities Authority ($6,425.9 million), the Pennsylvania Industrial Development Authority ($201 million), the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Investment Authority ($65 million), the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission ($10,503.6 million) and the State Public School Building Authority ($3,076.5 million).
The Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (“PHFA”) is a state-created agency that provides financing for housing for low and moderate-income families and people with special needs in the Commonwealth. The bonds, but not the notes, of the PHFA are partially secured by a capital reserve fund required to be maintained by the PHFA in an amount equal to the maximum annual debt service on its outstanding bonds in any succeeding calendar year. If there is a potential deficiency in the capital reserve fund or if funds are necessary to avoid default on interest, principal or sinking fund payments on bonds or notes of PHFA, the statute creating PHFA directs the Governor, upon notification from PHFA, to include in the proposed executive budget of the Commonwealth for the next succeeding year an amount sufficient to fund such deficiency to avoid such default. The budget as finally adopted by the General Assembly may or may not include the amount so requested by the Governor. PHFA is not permitted to borrow additional funds so long as any deficiency exists in the capital reserve fund. PHFA had $2,896.4 million in bonds outstanding at December 31, 2015.
The Commonwealth Financing Authority (“CFA”) was established in April 2004 with the enactment of legislation establishing the CFA as an independent authority and an instrumentality of the Commonwealth. The CFA is authorized to issue limited obligation revenue bonds and other types of limited obligation revenue financing for the purposes of promoting the health, safety, employment, business opportunities, economic activity and general welfare of the Commonwealth and its citizens through loans, grants, guarantees, leases, lines and letters of credit and other financing arrangements to benefit both for-profit and non-profit entities. The CFA's bonds and financing are to be secured by revenues and accounts of the CFA, including funds appropriated to CFA from general revenues of the Commonwealth for repayment of CFA obligations. The obligations of the CFA do not constitute a debtor liability of the Commonwealth.
Since November 2005, the CFA has completed multiple bond issues to fund programs established by its original economic stimulus mission of April 2004. As of February 29, 2016, the CFA had $1,637.4 million in outstanding bond debt. With respect thereto, the Commonwealth's General Fund has been the appropriation source used to service approximately $926.4 million of such outstanding debt and the Pennsylvania Gaming and Economic Development and Tourism Fund has been the appropriation source used to service approximately $711.0 million of such outstanding debt. Including the effect of a recent refunding, CFA debt service for fiscal year 2016 is estimated to be $95.612 million (net of debt service in the estimated amount of $56.43 million supported by transfers from the Pennsylvania Gaming and Economic Development Tourism Fund). Additional appropriations from the Commonwealth's General Fund for future debt service beyond those mentioned are expected to be requested each year by the Department of Community and Economic Development for inclusion in future Executive Budget requests to the General Assembly.
As part of the enactment process for the fiscal year 2009 budget, the General Assembly enacted and on July 9, 2008, the Governor signed into law Act 63 of 2008 (“Act 63”) and Act 1 of Special Session 1 of 2008 (“Act 1”). Combined, these two acts provide the CFA with additional bond indebtedness authority of up to $1,300 million. Act 63 provides the CFA with authority to issue up to $800 million in limited obligation revenue bonds in order to fund water or sewer projects, storm water projects, flood control projects and high hazard unsafe dam projects. Act 63 also provides for the use of Pennsylvania Gaming and Economic Development and Tourism Fund revenues to support debt service costs associated with the $800 million in additional CFA debt authority. Act 1 provides the CFA with authority to issue up to $500 million in limited obligation revenue bonds to fund the development of alternative sources of energy. As of February 29, 2016, the CFA had issued $461.0 million in limited obligation revenue bonds authorized by Act 1. Further, the CFA had issued $757.0 million in limited obligation revenue bonds authorized by Act 63.
Pennsylvania is currently involved in certain litigation where adverse decisions could have an adverse impact on its ability to pay debt service. In 1978, the General Assembly approved a limited waiver of sovereign immunity. Damages for any loss are limited to $250,000 for each person and $1,000,000 for each accident. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that this limitation is constitutional. This cap does not apply to tax appeals such as Northbrook (now Allstate) as detailed below. Approximately 850 suits against the Commonwealth remain open. Tort claim payments for the departments and agencies, other than the Department of Transportation, are paid from departmental and agency operating and program appropriations. Tort claim payments for the Department of Transportation are paid from an appropriation from the Motor License Fund.
The Commonwealth also represents and indemnifies employees who have been sued under federal civil rights statutes for actions taken in good faith in carrying out their employment responsibilities. There are no caps on damages in civil rights actions. The Commonwealth's self-insurance program covers damages in these cases up to $250,000 per incident. Damages in excess of $250,000 are paid from departmental and agency operating and program appropriations.
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Hosp. & Healthsystem Ass'n of Pa. v. Commonwealth (the “MCARE Case”) involves litigation relating to the Medical Care Availability and Reduction of Error (“MCARE”) Fund, a special fund established within the Treasury that pays claims against health providers resulting from medical professional liability actions that exceed their basic insurance coverage. All health care providers in Pennsylvania are required to pay annual assessments to the MCARE Fund. On April 15, 2010, the Commonwealth Court held that legislation causing the Commonwealth to transfer $100 million from the MCARE Fund to the General Fund was unlawful in that it violated the petitioners' vested rights in that money. On September 26, 2013, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania reversed and remanded to Commonwealth Court, with instructions to conduct further proceedings. On October 16, 2014, Governor Corbett announced that the Commonwealth entered into an agreement with the Pennsylvania Medical Society, The Hospital & Healthsystem Association of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Podiatric Medical Association that settles all of these lawsuits.
In Harlee Manor, Inc., et al. v. Dept. of Public Welfare, et al., three nursing facilities filed a lawsuit challenging the Commonwealth's Nursing Facility Assessment Program (the “Program”), which assesses all licensed nursing facilities and uses the proceeds of the assessments to fund Medical Assistance payments to participating nursing facilities. The Program has two assessment rates, and the litigants paid their assessments at the higher of the two rates. The three nursing facilities' lawsuit challenged the Program on constitutional grounds. The Commonwealth settled the lawsuit by allowing the litigants to pay their assessments at the lower assessment rate.
Sears, et al. v. Corbett, et al. and Weisblatt, et al. v. Corbett, et al. are a pair of class action suits seeking to force the legislature to restore appropriations from the Pennsylvania Tobacco Settlement Fund (the “Fund”) to the Pennsylvania adultBasic Insurance Coverage program (“adultBasic”). After discontinuation of adultBasic, the petitioners filed a request for preliminary injunctive relief with the Commonwealth Court, contending that, in redirecting money from the Fund through certain 2010 and 2011 amendments to the Fiscal Code, the legislature violated the Pennsylvania Tobacco Settlement Act, which established the Fund. In amended petitions in both cases, petitioners added constitutional challenges associated with the amendments to the Fiscal Code. The Commonwealth filed preliminary objections to the amended petitions for review in both actions. In June 2012, an en banc panel of the Commonwealth Court sustained in part and overruled in part the preliminary objections, and ruled that the petitioners' constitutional challenges could be pursued. After the pleadings were closed, all parties filed applications for summary relief with the Commonwealth Court, which the Court granted in part and denied in part on March 4, 2013. The Court declared that the acts amending the Fiscal Code redirecting money from the fund were unconstitutional because they contained more than a single subject and amended the Tobacco Settlement Act in a procedurally improper manner. However, based on principles of sovereign immunity, the Court declined to order the Commonwealth parties to restore to the Tobacco Settlement Fund and adultBasic the funds that had been transferred in 2010 and 2011. The Court ordered the respondents to adhere to the relevant Tobacco Settlement Act provisions during the 2013-14 fiscal year, unless the General Assembly were properly to enact laws that direct otherwise. On June 19, 2015, The Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Sears unanimously vacated Commonwealth Court opinions rendered in 2012 and 2013 involving legislative and administrative actions leading to the discontinuation of the adultBasic health insurance program previously administered by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. In those decisions, Commonwealth Court declared two acts amending the Fiscal Code to violate the “single subject” restriction for legislation contained in the Pennsylvania constitution. However, Commonwealth Court in 2013 also refused to award any equitable relief to the petitioners because sovereign immunity precluded requiring the Legislature to reallocate funds. Both sides appealed. In its decision, the Supreme Court agreed with the respondents (and the dissent issued in the 2012 en banc decision) that the petitioners lacked standing to assert their claims. This is so because the statute establishing the adultBasic program provided expressly that “[n]othing under this section shall constitute an entitlement derived from the Commonwealth or a claim on any funds of the Commonwealth.” 35 P.S. § 5701.1303(c). Thus, the Supreme Court vacated the Commonwealth Court opinions from 2012 and 2013 that declared the 2010 and 2011 Fiscal Code amendatory bills to violate the state constitution, and this litigation is now closed.
In Philadelphia Entertainment and Development Partners, LP v. Commonwealth, the plaintiff seeks the recovery of a $50 million license fee paid to the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board (the “Board”) in 2007 as required by the Pennsylvania Race Horse Development and Gaming Act (“Gaming Act”). In 2010, the Board revoked the plaintiff's gaming license, whose request to return the fee was denied pursuant to the Gaming Act provisions. The Commonwealth has filed a motion to dismiss, PEDP has responded, and further briefing is scheduled. It is presumed that any payment in PEDP's favor would be made from the State Gaming Fund, rather than from the General Fund.
In John Doe v. Theodore Dallas, Sec. of Department of Human Services, a Delaware County transgender man who was denied Medicaid coverage for a hysterectomy sued the state in federal court claiming the denial violates his civil rights. The lawsuit names Secretary Dallas, in his official capacity as Secretary of Department of Human Services (Department), as the sole defendant and asks for declaratory judgment and injunctive relief to end the state's Medicaid ban on covering treatment for gender dysphoria. The 30-year- old plaintiff is now seeking Medicaid coverage for a total hysterectomy his doctor prescribed as medically necessary to treat gender dysphoria. Keystone First Health Plan (one of the Department's managed care organizations) denied the request and
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an administrative law judge upheld the denial on appeal citing the state regulatory ban. The Department's Medical Assistance (MA) regulations forbid Medicaid fee-for-service payment for surgical procedures for gender change or reassignment. While Medicare historically has excluded gender reassignment, the federal Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) lifted that ban in May 2014, leaving decisions on transgender- related coverage to be made on a case-by-case basis. CMS has also issued proposed regulations that would prohibit state Medicaid programs from refusing to cover transgender-related services. Only a few states, including New York, Oregon, Maryland, Massachusetts and Vermont, and Washington, D.C., have explicitly approved Medicaid coverage for transgender-related medical treatment. The Department filed an Answer to the Complaint, asserting that current federal law does not require the Department to offer Medicaid coverage for the medical procedures. The lawsuit is expected to be decided as a matter of law, rather than upon any extensive record. In the event of an adverse ruling, the Department estimates that the annual cost for Medicaid coverage for the gender transition surgeries, including follow up treatments ordinarily associated with these medical procedures, is approximately $25 million dollars.
On March 10, 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed the Findings of the Secretary of the United States Department of Education (USDE) in Pennsylvania Department of Education v. Secretary, United States Department of Education, which found that the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) is liable to USDE in the amount of $7,186,222. PDE's alleged liability stems from the USDE's audit of the School District of Philadelphia (SDP) for fiscal year 2005-2006, which identified $138.8 million in adverse findings resulting from inadequate controls over federal expenditures. Of this total, $7.2 million remains at issue. PDE appealed the USDE's audit findings to the USDE office of administrative law judge (ALJ), asserting (1) that the statute of limitations barred USDE from seeking $5.3 million in contract and personnel costs that were obligated more than five years before the issuance of the Program Determination Letter; and (2) that the doctrine of equitable offset permitted SDP to offset the remaining liability with proven costs related to other activities that would have been eligible costs under the federal programs during the audit year, but which were paid for with non-federal funds. The ALJ issued a decision sustaining the total remaining liability of $7,186,222 against PDE. PDE appealed this Decision to the U.S. Secretary of Education (Secretary) on March 31, 2014. On December 29, 2014, the Secretary affirmed that PDE remained liable for $7,186,222 and concluded that the underlying violations as described by the OIG's Audit Report and the March 2011 PDL did not warrant an equitable remedy, noting that PDE had “failed to produce any evidence” in support of the disallowed expenditures. equitable remedy based on the underlying circumstances was within the trier of fact's discretion and was consistent with dicta from prior cases. Therefore, the Secretary denied equitable offset without consideration of PDE's evidence of available offsetting costs or substantial corrective actions. PDE subsequently appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, which denied PDE's petition for review and affirmed the Secretary's Decision, thus affirming that PDE remains liable to USDE in the amount of $7,186,222. PDE is presently contemplating the filing of a Petition for Certiorari with the United States Supreme Court.
On July 29, 2014 in United States of America v. Com. of Pa., Civil Action, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a complaint alleging disparate impact discrimination against the Pennsylvania State Police (“PSP”), based on the female cadet hiring rates. This was based on an investigation undertaken by the DOJ from 2009 2014, and occurred after several months of mediation with DOJ on a possible settlement. DOJ attributes the alleged discrimination to the failure rate of female cadets on the Physical Readiness Test, or PRT. In addition to injunctive relief regarding the administration of the test, DOJ seeks back pay with interest for a women who failed the PRT, offers of employment, retroactive seniority and other monetary and non- monetary benefits to women who suffered loses or will suffer losses in the future based on the alleged discriminatory practices. Enjoining the administration of the current PRT will require the development of a new test. Costs associated with an adverse result are difficult to assess but could range in the tens of millions depending upon the scope of any order issued by the Court and the number of women who may have to be compensated for lost salary, seniority and other benefits. The trial court denied PSP's Motion to Dismiss. The motion to dismiss was based on the language of Title VII, which PSP alleged required specific intent of discrimination in disparate impact cases filed by the DOJ against states. Discovery is ongoing. Trial is scheduled for March 6, 2017.
On September 16, 2015 in Nextel Communications of the Mid-Atlantic, Inc. v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania held that the Pennsylvania net operating loss deduction (“NOL Deduction”), as-applied to the facts of Nextel, violated the Uniformity Clause of the Pennsylvania Constitution, a decision that could negatively affect the Commonwealth's tax revenues. Pennsylvania law allows corporate taxpayers to deduct losses incurred in prior tax years to reduce the taxable income in subsequent years, and this deduction is referred as the NOL Deduction. The NOL Deduction is, however, limited. For example, in the tax year at issue in Nextel, the amount of the NOL Deduction was limited to the greater of: (i) 12.5 percent of the taxpayer's taxable income or (ii) $3 million. The NOL Deduction for the tax year at issue allows some taxpayers to reduce their taxable income to $0 and, as a result, pay no tax. The same provision also prevents other taxpayers from reducing their taxable income to $0 and, as a result, causes these affected taxpayers to pay at least some CNI tax. The Court held that a classification based solely on income amount cannot withstand scrutiny under the Uniformity Clause. The Court rejected the Commonwealth's claim that the General Assembly had sound budgetary reasons for imposing the NOL Deduction limitations and that justification should satisfy the differences created by the NOL Deduction. Accordingly, the Court held $3 million fixed dollar
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cap, as-applied to this taxpayer, violated the Uniformity Clause. The Court declined to delete the entire NOL Deduction and thus disallow all NOL Deductions (both for this taxpayer and all other taxpayers for this year (2007) and all years thereafter). the Court stated the only practical solution was to require the taxpayer in this case to pay less. Thus, the Court essentially allowed the taxpayer to apply all of its NOL Deductions in the tax year at issue. Thus, after applying the taxpayer's entire NOL, it has no tax liability and is entitled to a refund of the approximately $4 million it had previously paid. The potential ramifications of Nextel to the Commonwealth are unclear. The majority opinion attempts to limit the Court's decision stating the “analysis and remedy is appropriately confined to the Commonwealth, Nextel, and the 2007 Tax Year. To the extent our decision in this as-applied challenge calls into question the validity of the [NOL Deduction] provision in any other or even every other context, the General Assembly should be guided accordingly.” Numerous other taxpayers have filed appeals raising this same issue. Given the present status of the litigation, the Commonwealth's possible exposure ranges from approximately $4 million to an amount that could exceed $500 million. The Commonwealth has appealed the decision to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Regardless of the ultimate outcome, legislative amendment remains a possible remedy going forward.
Muscarella v. Commonwealth of PA is a class action challenging the Department of Revenue's application of the Senior Citizen's Property Tax and Rent Rebate Assistance Act. The department interpreted the law to require a person to live into the next calendar year to be eligible for any rebate from the prior year. Liability against the department was previously established. A tentative settlement in the amount of $20,000,000 was reached, and a fairness hearing on the proposed settlement will be held on June 13, 2016. If the settlement becomes permanent, then any monies left unclaimed will be returned to the department.
In Mt. Airy #1, LLC v. Pennsylvania Department of Revenue and Chester Downs, LLC v. Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, two casinos are challenging the current casino tax framework on uniformity and equal protection grounds, and seek decisions that would invalidate the tax. Under Pennsylvania law, every Casino outside of Philadelphia must pay $10 million and if gross terminal revenues exceed $500 million then such a casino is taxed at 2 percent of the gross terminal revenue. The casinos may also seek repayment of taxes that have been paid. The cases are currently before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. If the Court strikes the entire tax, the estimated cost to the Commonwealth is $120 million per year in tax revenue. The matters were argued to the Supreme Court, and the Commonwealth is awaiting the Court's decision, which will impact the entire casino industry in Pennsylvania.
Munchinski v. Warman, et al is a case alleging due process violations by a now-deceased Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) officer. It arises from the alleged failure to disclose exculpatory evidence in a 1986 murder trial and at a Post-Conviction Relief Act proceeding. The former inmate was released after spending 20-plus years in state prison. Discovery ends in June 2016, and dispositive motions are due to be filed in July 2016. The Commonwealth's estimated exposure exceeds $2 million.
Walker v. Department of Corrections, et al is a deliberate indifference claim against Department of Corrections nurses who allegedly failed to properly stabilize the neck of an inmate who had fallen from his bunk and who had suffered an apparent neck injury. The plaintiff is now a quadriplegic. Discovery is ongoing and dispositive motions are due to be filed in August 2016. The Commonwealth's estimated exposure exceeds $5 million.
Williams, et al v. Richards, et al is a collective action by Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) employees against officials at PennDOT for allegedly failing to pay overtime for time spent driving equipment to and from yards. Given the possible number of plaintiffs who could join this matter, the Commonwealth's estimated exposure exceeds $1 million. The outcome of the case could change PennDOT's practices regarding paying for such efforts in the future, which could result in additional on-going operating expenses exceeding $1 million. The case was filed in April 2016.
Garvin v. Department of Public Welfare is a case brought by an assisted living home owner who alleges that his license was improperly taken and, as a result, his business was forced to close. The Commonwealth's estimated exposure exceeds $1 million.
Knight v. PSP involves the fatal shooting of a 50 year old man by Pennsylvania State Police troopers. Given the nature of the litigation, the Commonwealth's estimated exposure could exceed $1 million.
Barkus v. PSP involves the fatal shooting of a 25 year old man by Pennsylvania State Police troopers. Given the nature of the litigation, the Commonwealth's estimated exposure could exceed $1 million.
Sonny O v. Dallas is a class action alleging that the Department of Human Services failed to adequately provide appropriate therapy to autistic children under the age of 21. The parties reached a tentative settlement and the court will hold a fairness hearing on June 6, 2016. The settlement includes programatic changes by DHS and additional services that will be provided. If the tentative settlement becomes permanent, then the department's estimated cost to make the required programmatic changes exceeds $1 million.
In Kedra v. Schroeter, the defendant (a Pennsylvania State Police officer) was conducting firearms training for the Pennsylvania State Police. During this training, he unintentionally discharged his weapon and the plaintiff (a 26 year old trooper) was killed. The Court granted the Commonwealth's motion to dismiss, and the plaintiff appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. The Commonwealth's estimated exposure is between $2 million and $3 million.
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The specific litigation matters described above are provided as an example only and do not comprise a complete listing of material ongoing or pending litigation involving the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, its agencies, subdivisions and instrumentalities.
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Item 28. Exhibits

(a)    
1 Conformed copy of Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of the Registrant (including Amendment Nos. 1-17); (26)
2 Conformed copies of Amendment Nos. 18 and 19 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (28)
3 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 20 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (29)
4 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 21 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (33)
5 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 22 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (36)
6 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 23 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (37)
7 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 24 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (40)
8 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 25 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (42)
9 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 26 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (44)
10 Conformed copy of Amendment No. 27 to the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant; (48)

 

(b)    
1 Copy of By-Laws of the Registrant; (1)
2 Copies of Amendment Nos. 1-4 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (23)
3 Copies of Amendment Nos. 5 and 6 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (32)
4 Copy of Amendment No. 7 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (34)
5 Copy of Amendment No. 8 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (35)
6 Copy of Amendment No. 9 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (36)
7 Copy of Amendment No. 10 to the By-Laws of the Registrant; (47)

 

(c)

As of September 1, 1997, Federated Securities Corp. stopped issuing share certificates.

Copy of Specimen Certificate of Shares of Beneficial Interest For:

 
1 Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund-Class A Shares; (19)
2 Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund- Class B Shares; (22)
3 Class F Shares of: Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund, Federated California Municipal Income Fund, and Federated New York Municipal Income Fund (19)
4 Federated Michigan Intermediate Municipal Trust (19)

 

(d)    
1 Conformed copy of Investment Advisory Contract including Exhibits A through F of the Registrant; (21)
2 Conformed copy of Exhibit G to the Investment Advisory Contract of the Registrant; (27)
3 Conformed copy of Amendment to Investment Advisory Contract of the Registrant; (28)
4 Conformed copy of Exhibit H to the Investment Advisory Contract of the Registrant; (33)
5 Conformed copy of Exhibit I to the Investment Advisory Contract of the Registrant; (37)

 

(e)    
1 Conformed copy of Distributor's Contract including Exhibits A through N of the Registrant; (21)
2 Conformed copy of Exhibit O to the Distributor’s Contract; (23)
3 Conformed copy of Distributor’s Contract (Class B Shares); (23)
4 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the specimen Mutual Fund Sales and Service Agreement; Mutual Funds Service Agreement; and Plan Trustee/Mutual Funds Service Agreement from Item 24(b)(6) of the Cash Trust Series II Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed with the Commission on July 24, 1995. (File Number 33-38550 and 811-6269).  
5 Conformed copy of Exhibit P to the Distributor’s Contract; (27)
6 Conformed copy of Amendment to Distributor’s Contract of the Registrant dated 9/1/1991; (28)
7 Conformed copy of Amendment to Distributor’s Contract of the Registrant (Class B Shares)dated 10/24/1997; (28)
8 Conformed copy of Exhibit Q to the Distributor’s Contract; (35)
9 Conformed copy of Exhibit R to the Distributor’s Contract; (33)
10 Conformed copy of Exhibit S through V to the Distributor’s Contract; (37)
11 Conformed copy of Exhibit W to the Distributor’s Contract; (43)
12 Conformed copy of Amendment to Distributor’s Contract dated June 1, 2001 (45)
13 Conformed copy of Amendment to Distributor’s Contract dated October 1, 2003 (45)

 

(f) Not applicable  

 

(g)    
1 Conformed copy of Custodian Contract of the Registrant; (18)
2 Conformed copy of Custodian Fee Schedule; (22)
3 Conformed copy of Amendment to Custodian Contract of the Registrant; (29)
4 Conformed copy of the Second Amendment to the Custody Agreement with Bank of New York; including Exhibits D and E (42)
5 Conformed copy of Custody Agreement between the Funds on Schedule 1 and The Bank of New York dated June 7, 2005 (45)
6 Conformed copies of the Seventeenth Amendment and Exhibits A and B to the Custody Agreement; (50)

 

 

(h)    
1 Conformed copy of Second Amended and Restated Shareholder Services Agreement; (29)
2 Conformed copy of Principal Shareholder Services Agreement (Class B Shares); (23)
3 Conformed copy of Shareholder Services Agreement (Class B Shares); (23)
4 Conformed copy of Amended and Restated Agreement for Fund Accounting Services, Administrative Services, Transfer Agency Services and Custody Services Procurement; (23)
5 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of Amendment No. 2 to the Amended & Restated Agreement for Fund Accounting Services, Administrative Services, Transfer Agency Services and Custody Services Procurement from Item 23 (h)(v) of the Federated U.S. Government Securities:  2-5 Years Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on March 30, 2004. (File Nos. 2-75769 and 811-3387);  
6 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of Amendment No. 3 to the Amended & Restated Agreement for Fund Accounting Services, Administrative Services, Transfer Agency Services and Custody Services Procurement from Item 23 (h)(v) of the Federated U.S. Government Securities:  2-5 Years Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on March 30, 2004. (File Nos. 2-75769 and 811-3387);  
7 With regard to Federated Pennsylvania Municipal Income Fund, Federated Ohio Municipal Income Fund, Federated California Municipal Income Fund and Federated New York Municipal Income Fund, the Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Second Amended and Restated Services Agreement from Item (h)(v) of the Investment Series Funds, Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on January 23, 2002. (File Nos. 33-48847 and 811-07021).  
8 The responses described in Item 23(e)(iv) are hereby incorporated by reference;  
9 Conformed copy of Amendment to Agreement for Fund Accounting Services, Administrative Services, Transfer Agency Services, and Custody Services Procurement; (28)
10 The Registrant hereby incorporates by reference the conformed copy of the Agreement for Administrative Services from Item 23 (h)(vix) of the Federated Index Trust Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on December 30, 2003.  (File Nos. 33-33852 and 811-6061)  
11 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Second Amended and Restated Services Agreement, with attached Schedule 1 revised 6/30/04, from Item (h)(vii) of the Cash Trust Series,  Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on July 29, 2004. (File Nos. 33-29838 and 811-5843)  
12 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Financial Administration and Accounting Services Agreement, with attached Exhibit A revised 6/30/04, from Item (h)(viii) of the Cash Trust Series, Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on July 29, 2004. (File Nos. 33-29838 and 811-5843)  
13 The Registrant hereby incorporates by reference the conformed copy of the Agreement for Administrative Services, with Exhibit 1 and Amendments 1 and 2 attached, between Federated Administrative Services and the Registrant from Item 23(h)(iv)of the Federated Total Return Series, Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on November 29, 2004.  (File Nos. 33-50773 and 811-7115)  
14 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Second Amended and Restated Services Agreement, with attached Schedule 1 revised 6/30/04, from Item 23(h)(vii) of the Cash Trust Series,  Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on July 29, 2004. (File Nos. 33-29838 and 811-5843)  
15 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Financial Administration and Accounting Services Agreement, with attached Exhibit A revised 6/30/04, from Item (h)(viii) of the Cash Trust Series, Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on July 29, 2004. (File Nos. 33-29838 and 811-5843)  
16 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between the Federated Funds and State Street Bank and Trust Company form Item 23)(h)(viii) of the Federated Total Return Government bond Fund Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on April 28, 2006. (File Nos. 33-60411 and 811-07309);  
17 The Registrant hereby incorporates by reference the conformed copy of Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement for Administrative Services between Federated Administrative Services Company and the Registrant dated June 1, 2005 from Item 23 (h)(ii) of the Cash T rust Series, Inc. Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on July 27, 2005.  (File Nos. 33-29838 and 811-5843);  
18 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Financial Administration and Accounting Services Agreement, with attached Exhibit A revised 1/1/07 (41)
19 The Registrant hereby incorporated the conformed copy of the Amendment to Exhibit A and Exhibit B of the Fund Accounting Agreement Amendment dated November 8, 2007, between the Bank of New York Mellon and the Funds listed on Schedule I to the Fund Accounting Agreement, dated June 5, 2005, as amended from time to time; (42)
20 Conformed Copy of the Schedule I to the Second Amended and Restated Services Agreement; (42)
21 Conformed Copy of Exhibit I to the Agreement for Administrative Services; (42)
22 Conformed Copy of the Amendment to Transfer Agency and Services Agreement; (42)
23 Conformed copy of Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Funds on Exhibit A and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated July 1, 2004; (45)
24 Conformed copy of Services Agreement between Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Advisory Services Company dated January 1, 2004; (45)
25 Conformed copy of Fund Accounting Agreement between Funds on Schedule I and The Bank of New York Mellon dated, March 1, 2011; (45)
26 Conformed copy of Amended and Restated Agreement for Administrative Services dated September 1, 2012; (46)
27 Conformed copy of Compliance Support Services Addendum to the Fund Accounting Agreement between the Funds listed on Exhibit I and The Bank of New York Mellon dated, May 31, 2012; (46)
28 Conformed copy of First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement for Administrative Services dated March 1, 2013; (47)
29 Copy of Exhibit 1 (revised September 1, 2013) to Agreement for Administrative Services (48)
30 Copy of Schedule 1 to the Limited Power of Attorney dated as of June 1, 2008 (revised as of October 17, 2013) to the Services Agreement between Federated Investment Management Company and Federated Advisory Services Company dated January 1, 2004; (48)
31 Conformed copy of Second Amendment to the Fund Accounting Agreement between the Funds listed on Schedule I and The Bank of New York Mellon dated, December 31, 2012;   (49)
32 Conformed copy of Third Amendment to the Fund Accounting Agreement between the Funds listed on Schedule I and The Bank of New York Mellon dated, April 28, 2014;   (49)
33 Conformed copy of Schedule A to the Principal Shareholder Services Agreement (Class B Shares, revised June 1, 2015); (50)
34 Conformed copy of Exhibit 1 to the Agreement for Administrative Services, revised September 1, 2015; (50)

 

(i) Conformed copy of Opinion and Consent of Counsel as to the legality of shares being registered; (1)

 

(j)    
1 Conformed Copy of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent from KPMG LLP; (38)
2 Conformed Copy of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent from Deloitte & Touche LLP; (38)
3 Conformed Copy of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent from Ernst & Young LLP; (41)
4 Conformed Copy of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent from Ernst & Young LLP; (44)
5 Conformed Copy of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Consent from KPMG LLP; (+)

 

(k) Not Applicable  

 

(l) Conformed copy of Initial Capital Understanding; (1)

 

(m)    
1 Conformed copy of Distribution Plan of the Registrant, including Exhibits A through D; (35)
2 Conformed copy of Distribution Plan of the Registrant, including Exhibits E through H; (37)
3 Conformed copy of Exhibit I to the Distribution Plan of the Registrant; (42)
4 Conformed copy of the Fee Waiver letter for the Distribution Plan regarding Ohio Municipal Income Fund; (43)
5 Conformed copy of Schedule A to the Distribution Plan of the Registrant (Class B Shares, revised June 1, 2015; (50)

 

(n)    
1 The Registrant hereby incorporates the Copy of the Multiple Class Plan and attached Exhibits from Item (n) of the Federated Short-Term Municipal Trust Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on August 28, 2006. (File Nos. 2-72277 and 811-3181)  
2 Copies of the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, and Class C Shares Multiple Class Plans and attached Exhibits (41)
3 Copy of the Class F Shares Multiple Class Plan and attached Exhibits (43)
4 Copies of the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares and Class F Shares Multiple Class Plans and attached Exhibits (44)
5 Copy of the Multiple Class Plan and Class Exhibits for A Shares, B Shares, C Shares, F Shares and R Shares, revised 2/21/11; (45)
6 Copies of the Class Exhibits to the Multiple Class Plan for F Shares revised 12/1/12; A Shares, B Shares and C Shares revised 4/22/13; (47)
7 Copy of the Institutional Shares Exhibit to the Multiple Class Plan (FMHYAF), revised September 1, 2013; (48)
8 Copies of the Class A Shares, Class B Shares, Class C Shares, Class F Shares and Institutional Shares Multiple Class Plans and attached Exhibits revised September 1, 2015; (50)

 

(o)    
1 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney of the Registrant; (30)
2 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Chief Investment Officer of the Registrant; (27)
3 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Trustee of the Registrant; (36)
4 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Treasurer of the Registrant; (36)
5 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Trustee of the Registrant; (36)
6 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Trustee of the Registrant; (37)
7 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Trustee of the Registrant; (38)
8 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Maureen Lally Green, Trustee of the Registrant (43)
9 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for Lori A. Hensler, Treasurer of the Registrant (47)
10 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for John T. Collins, Trustee of the Registrant (49)
11 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for P. Jerome Richey, Trustee of the Registrant (49)
12 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for G. Thomas Hough, Trustee of the Registrant (50)
13 Conformed copy of Power of Attorney for John B. Fisher, Trustee of the Registrant (+)

 

(p)    
1 The Registrant hereby incorporates the copy of the Code of Ethics for Access Persons from Item 23(p) of the Money Market Obligations Trust Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed with the Commission on February 26, 2004. (File Nos. 33-31602 and 811-5950)  
2 The Registrant hereby incorporates the conformed copy of the Federated Investors, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons, effective 1/1/2005, from Item 23(p) of the Money Market Obligations Trust Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed with the Commission on February 25, 2005.  (File Nos. 33-31602 and 811-5950)  
3

Conformed Copy of the Federated Investors, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons Effective 10/01/2008

 

(44)
4

Conformed Copy of the Federated Investors, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons Effective 09/01/2010

 

(45)
5

Conformed Copy of the Federated Investors, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons Effective 12/06/2010

 

(45)
6 Conformed Copy of the Federated Investors, Inc. Code of Ethics for Access Persons Effective 9/30/2012 (47)

 

+ Exhibit is being filed electronically with registration statement; indicate by footnote  

 

  ALL RESPONSES ARE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE TO A POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT (PEA) OF THE REGISTRANT FILED ON FORM N-1A (FILE NOS. 33-36729 and 811-6165)  
1 Initial Registration Statement filed August 31, 1990.    
18 PEA No. 19 filed on October 30, 1995.    
19 PEA No. 21 filed on October 23, 1996.    
21 PEA No. 24 filed on October 15, 1997.    
22 PEA No. 25 filed on October 31, 1997.    
23 PEA No. 26 filed on August 28, 1998.    
26 PEA No. 30 filed on October 29, 1999.  
27 PEA No. 31 filed on October 26, 2000.    
28 PEA No. 32 filed on October 26, 2001.  
29 PEA No. 33 filed on August 29, 2002.    
30 PEA No. 34 filed on October 28, 2002.    
31 PEA No. 35 filed on October 28, 2003.    
32 PEA No. 36 filed on May 14, 2004.    
33 PEA No. 37 filed on August 27, 2004.    
34 PEA No. 38 filed on October 29, 2004.    
35 PEA No. 39 filed on October 28, 2005.    
36 PEA No. 40 filed on April 24, 2006.    
37 PEA No. 45 filed on October 20, 2006.    
38 PEA No. 48 filed on January 9, 2007.    
39 PEA No. 49 filed on April 10, 2007.    
40 PEA No. 50 filed on August 21, 2007.    
41 PEA No. 51 filed on October 29, 2007.    
42 PEA No. 54 filed on October 30, 2008  
43 PEA No. 55 filed on October 29, 2009  
44 PEA No. 56 filed on October 28, 2010  
45 PEA No. 57 filed on October 27, 2011  
46 PEA No. 59 filed on October 29, 2012  
47 PEA No. 62 filed on June 11, 2013  
48 PEA No. 63 filed on October 28, 2013  
49 PEA No. 65 filed on October 28, 2014  
50 PEA No. 67 Filed on October 28, 2015  

 

Item 29  Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund:
None

 

Item 30  Indemnification
(1)

 

Item 31  Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser:
For a description of the other business of the Investment Adviser, see the section entitled “Who Manages the Fund?” in Part A. The affiliations with the Registrant of one of the Trustees and three of the Officers of the Investment Adviser are included in Part B of this Registration Statement under "Who Manages and Provides Services to the Fund?"  The remaining Trustees of the Investment Adviser and, in parentheses, their principal occupations are:  Thomas R. Donahue, (Chief Financial Officer, Federated Investors, Inc.), 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779, John B. Fisher, (Vice Chairman, Federated Investors, Inc.) 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15222-3779 and Mark D. Olson a principal of the firm, Mark D. Olson & Company, L.L.C. and Partner, Morris James LLP, 500 Delaware Avenue, Suite 1500, Wilmington, DE  19801-1494.  The business address of each of the Officers of the Investment Adviser is Federated Investors Tower, 1001 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222-3779.  These individuals are also officers of a majority of the Investment Advisers to the investment companies in the Federated Fund Complex described in Part B of this Registration Statement.
The Officers of the Investment Adviser are:
Chairman J. Christopher Donahue
President/ Chief Executive Officer: John B. Fisher
Executive Vice Presidents:

Deborah A. Cunningham

Robert J. Ostrowski

Senior Vice Presidents:

Todd Abraham

J. Scott Albrecht

Randall S. Bauer

Jonathan C. Conley

Mark E. Durbiano

Donald T. Ellenberger

Eamonn G. Folan

Richard J. Gallo

John T. Gentry

Susan R. Hill

William R. Jamison

Jeffrey A. Kozemchak

Anne H. Kruczek

Marian R. Marinack

Mary Jo Ochson

Jeffrey A. Petro

Ihab Salib

Michael W. Sirianni, Jr.

Steven J. Wagner

Paige Wilhelm

 

Vice Presidents:

G. Andrew Bonnewell

Hanan Callas

Jerome Conner

Lee R. Cunningham, II

B. Anthony Delserone, Jr.

Joseph A. Delvecchio

Jason DeVito

Bryan Dingle

William Ehling

Ann Ferentino

Timothy P. Gannon

Kathryn P. Glass

James L. Grant

Patricia L. Heagy

Nathan H. Kehm

John C. Kerber

J. Andrew Kirschler

Allen J. Knizner

Tracey Lusk

Karen Manna

Christopher McGinley

Keith E. Michaud

Karl Mocharko

Joseph A. Mycka

Joseph M. Natoli

Gene Neavin

Bob Nolte

Liam O’Connell

Mary Kay Pavuk

John Polinski

Rae Ann Rice

Brian Ruffner

Thomas C. Scherr

John Sidawi

Kyle Stewart

Mary Ellen Tesla

Timothy G. Trebilcock

Nicholas S. Tripodes

Anthony A. Venturino

Stephen J. Wagner

Stephen J. Wagner

Mark Weiss

George B. Wright

Christopher Wu

 

Assistant Vice Presidents:

John Badeer

Patrick Benacci

Christopher Bodamer

David B. Catalane

Nicholas S. Cecchini

Leslie Ciferno

Gregory V. Czamara

Daniel J. Mastalski

Robert J. Matthews

Nick Navari

John W. Scullion

Steven J. Slanicka

Patrick J. Strollo III

James D. Thompson

Secretary: G. Andrew Bonnewell
Treasurer: Thomas R. Donahue
Assistant Treasurers: Jeremy D. Boughton
Richard A. Novak
Chief Compliance Officer: Stephen Van Meter

 

Item 32  Principal Underwriters:
(a) Federated Securities Corp., the Distributor for shares of the Registrant, acts as principal underwriter for the following open-end investment companies, including the Registrant:
  Federated Adjustable Rate Securities Fund
  Federated Core Trust
  Federated Core Trust II, L.P.
  Federated Core Trust III
  Federated Equity Funds
  Federated Equity Income Fund, Inc.
  Federated Fixed Income Securities, Inc.
  Federated Global Allocation Fund
  Federated Government Income Securities, Inc.
  Federated Government Income Trust
  Federated High Income Bond Fund, Inc.
  Federated High Yield Trust
  Federated Income Securities Trust
  Federated Index Trust
  Federated Institutional Trust
  Federated Insurance Series
  Federated International Series, Inc.
  Federated Investment Series Funds, Inc.
  Federated Managed Pool Series
  Federated MDT Series
  Federated MDT Stock Trust
  Federated Municipal Securities Fund, Inc.
  Federated Municipal Securities Income Trust
  Federated Premier Intermediate Municipal Income Fund
  Federated Premier Municipal Income Fund
  Federated Short-Intermediate Duration Municipal Trust
  Federated Total Return Government Bond Fund
  Federated Total Return Series, Inc.
  Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 1-3 Years
  Federated U.S. Government Securities Fund: 2-5 Years
  Federated World Investment Series, Inc.
  Intermediate Municipal Trust
  Edward Jones Money Market Fund
  Money Market Obligations Trust

 

(b)    

(1)

Positions and Offices with Distributor

(2)

Name

 

(3)

Positions and Offices With Registrant

Chairman: Richard B. Fisher  
Executive Vice President, Assistant Secretary and Director: Thomas R. Donahue  
President and Director: Paul Uhlman  
Vice President and Director: Peter J. Germain  
Director: Frank C. Senchak  

 

(1)

Positions and Offices with Distributor

(2)

Name

 

(3)

Positions and Offices With Registrant

Executive Vice Presidents:

Michael Bappert

Peter W. Eisenbrandt

Solon A. Person, IV

Colin B. Starks

 

 

Senior Vice Presidents:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Irving Anderson

Jack Bohnet

Bryan Burke

Scott J. Charlton

Steven R. Cohen

Charles L. Davis

Michael T. diMarsico

Jack C. Ebenreiter

Theodore Fadool, Jr.

James Getz

Dayna C. Haferkamp

Vincent L. Harper, Jr.

Bruce E. Hastings

James M. Heaton

Donald Jacobson

Harry J. Kennedy

Michael Koenig

Edwin C. Koontz

Anne H. Kruczek

Jane E. Lambesis

Michael Liss

Diane Marzula

Amy Michaliszyn

Richard C. Mihm

Vincent T. Morrow

Alec H. Neilly

Becky Nelson

Keith Nixon

Stephen Otto

Brian S. Ronayne

Tom Schinabeck

John Staley

Robert F. Tousignant

Jerome R. Tuskan

William C. Tustin

Michael Wolff

Erik Zettlemayer

Paul Zuber

 
     
Vice Presidents:

Catherine M. Applegate

Robert W. Bauman

Marc Benacci

Christopher D. Berg

Dan Berry

Bill Boarts

Matthew A. Boyle

Edward R. Bozek

Edwin J. Brooks, III

Thomas R. Brown

Mark Carroll

Dan Casey

James Conely

Stephen J. Costlow

Mary Ellen Coyne

Kevin J. Crenny

Stephen P. Cronin

David G. Dankmyer

Donald Edwards

Stephen Francis

Timothy Franklin

David D. Gregoire

Scott Gundersen

Michael L. Guzzi

Raymond J. Hanley

Louis R. Hery, Jr.

Scott A. Holick

Robert Hurbanek

Jeffrey S. Jones

Todd Jones

Scott D. Kavanagh

Patrick Kelly

Nicholas R. Kemerer

Shawn E. Knudson

Crystal C. Kwok

Jerry L. Landrum

Hans W. Lange, Jr.

Joseph R. Lantz

David M. Larrick

John P. Lieker

Jonathan Lipinski

Paul J. Magan

Margaret M. Magrish

Meghan McAndrew

Martin J. McCaffrey

Brian McInis

Kyle Morgan

John C. Mosko

Doris T. Muller

Ted Noethling

John A. O’Neill

James E. Ostrowski

Mark Patsy

Rich Paulson

Stephen Pedicini

Marcus Persichetti

Chris Prado

Sean Quirk

Josh Rasmussen

Richard A. Recker

Diane M. Robinson

Timothy A. Rosewicz

Matt Ryan

 

 
 

Eduardo G. Sanchez

Peter Siconolfi

Biran J. Sliney

Justin Slomkowski

Bradley Smith

Edward L. Smith

John R. Stanley

Mark Strubel

Jonathan Sullivan

Christie Teachman

Cynthia M. Tomczak

Michael Vahl

David Wasik

G. Walter Whalen

Lewis Williams

Theodore Williams

Brian R. Willer

Littell L. Wilson

James J. Wojciak

Edward J. Wojnarowski

Daniel Wroble

 

 

 

Assistant Vice Presidents:

Debbie Adams-Marshall

Kenneth C. Baber

Raisa E. Barkaloff

Chris Jackson

Jaimie A. Kosanovich

Stephen R. Massey

Carol McEvoy McCool

John K. Murray

Melissa R. Ryan

Carol Anne Sheppard

Laura Vickerman

James Wagner

 

 
Secretary: Kary A. Moore  
Assistant Secretaries: Edward C. Bartley  
  Thomas R. Donahue  
  George F. Magera  
Treasurer: Richard A. Novak  
Assistant Treasurer: Jeremy D. Boughton  
Chief Compliance Officer: Stephen Van Meter  

 

(c) Not Applicable

 

Item 33  Location of Accounts and Records:
All accounts and records required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and Rules 31a-1 through 31a-3 promulgated thereunder are maintained at one of the following locations:

 

Registrant

Federated Investors Funds

4000 Ericsson Drive
Warrendale, PA 15086-7561

 

(Notices should be sent to the Agent for Service at the address listed on the facing page of this filing.)

State Street Bank and Trust Company

(“Transfer Agent and Dividend Disbursing Agent”)

P.O. Box 8600

Boston, MA 02266-8600

 

 

 

 

The Bank of New York Mellon
(Custodian)

One Wall Street

New York, NY 10286

Federated Services Company (“Administrator”)

Federated Investors Tower

1001 Liberty Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779

Federated Investment Management Company(“Adviser”)

Federated Investors Tower

1001 Liberty Avenue

Pittsburgh, PA 15222-3779

 

Item 34 Management Services:  Not applicable.
 

 

Item 35 Undertakings:
Registrant hereby undertakes to comply with the provisions of Section 16(c) of the 1940 Act with respect to the removal of Trustees and the calling of special shareholder meetings by shareholders.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant, FEDERATED MUNICIPAL SECURITIES INCOME TRUST, certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Amendment to its Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Amendment to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Pittsburgh and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 26th day of October, 2016.

FEDERATED MUNICIPAL SECURITIES INCOME TRUST

BY: /s/ Edward C. Bartley

Edward C. Bartley, Assistant Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment to its Registration Statement has been signed below by the following person in the capacity and on the date indicated:

 

NAME TITLE DATE
BY:  /s/ Edward C. Bartley
Edward C. Bartley
Assistant Secretary

Attorney In Fact For the Persons Listed Below October 26, 2016
J. Christopher Donahue * President and Trustee (Principal Executive Officer)  
Lori A. Hensler* Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)  
John B. Fisher* Trustee  
John T. Collins* Trustee  
G. Thomas Hough* Trustee  
Maureen Lally-Green* Trustee  
Peter E. Madden* Trustee  
Charles F. Mansfield, Jr.* Trustee  
Thomas O’Neill* Trustee  
P. Jerome Richey* Trustee  
John S. Walsh* Trustee  
*By Power of Attorney