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Basis of presentation and summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cascade Bancorp (“Bancorp”), an Oregon chartered single bank holding company, and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Bank of the Cascades (the “Bank”) (collectively, “the Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the 2016 presentation. None of these reclassifications have an effect on net income, net cash flows or equity.
Description of business
The Bank conducts a general banking business, operating branches in Central, Southern, Coastal and Northwest Oregon, as well as the greater Boise/Treasure Valley, Idaho and Seattle, Washington metro areas. Banking activities include the usual lending and deposit functions of a community and business bank: commercial, construction, real estate, installment, credit card, and mortgage loans; checking, money market, time deposit, and savings accounts; internet banking and bill payment; automated teller machines, and safe deposit facilities. Additionally, the Bank originates and sells mortgage loans into the secondary market and offers trust and investment services.
Method of accounting
The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the banking industry. The Company utilizes the accrual method of accounting which recognizes income and gains when earned and expenses and losses when incurred. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of income, gains, expenses, and losses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment reporting
The Company is managed by legal entity and not by lines of business. The Company has determined that its operations are solely in the community and business banking industry and consist of traditional banking services, including lending activities; acceptance of demand, savings, and time deposits; business services; and trust services. These products and services have similar distribution methods, types of customers and regulatory responsibilities. The performance of the Company is reviewed by the executive management team and the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) on a monthly basis. All of the executive officers of Bancorp are members of the Bank’s executive management team, and operating decisions are made based on the performance of the Company as a whole. Accordingly, disaggregated segment information is not required to be presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and the Company will continue to present one segment for financial reporting purposes.
Cash and cash equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks (including cash items in process of collection), interest bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the “FRB”) and FHLB, and federal funds sold. Generally, any interest bearing deposits are invested for a maximum of 90 days. Federal funds are generally sold for one-day periods.
The Bank maintains balances in correspondent bank accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. In addition, federal funds sold are essentially uncollateralized loans to other financial institutions. Management believes that its risk of loss associated with such balances is minimal due to the financial strength of the correspondent banks and counterparty financial institutions. The Bank has not experienced any losses in such accounts. At December 31, 2016, the Bank was not required to maintain any specific balances in correspondent bank accounts.
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information
Noncash investing and financing activities consist of unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available-for-sale, net of income taxes, issuance of nonvested restricted stock, and stock-based compensation expense, all as disclosed in the accompanying consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity; the net capitalization of originated mortgage-servicing rights, as disclosed in Note 6; assets and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Prime Pacific Financial Services, Inc., the Bank of America, N.A. branch acquisition and the acquisition of Home Federal Bancorp, Inc.
Investment securities
Investment securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity securities and reported at cost, adjusted for premiums and discounts that are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity.

Investment securities that are purchased and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in non-interest income. The Company had no trading securities during 2016, 2015, and 2014.

Investment securities that are not classified as either held-to-maturity securities or trading securities are classified as available-for-sale securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as other comprehensive income or loss, net of income taxes. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase.

Investment securities are valued utilizing a number of methods including quoted prices in active markets, quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices for securities in inactive markets, and inputs derived principally from - or corroborated by -observable market data by correlation or other means.

Gains and losses on the sales of available-for-sale securities are determined using the specific-identification method. Premiums and discounts on available-for-sale securities are recognized in interest income using the interest method generally over the period to maturity.

In estimating other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses, management considers, among other things, (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, (2) the financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, (3) the impact of changes in market interest rates, and (4) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery of fair value. Declines in the fair value of individual held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be OTTI would result in write-downs of the individual securities to their fair value. The fair value of the security then becomes the new cost basis. The related write-downs to fair value for available-for-sale equity securities would be included in earnings as realized losses. For individual debt securities which the Company does not intend to sell and for which it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the OTTI losses would be evaluated and (1) the portion related to credit losses would be included in earnings as realized losses and (2) the portion related to market or other factors would be recognized in other comprehensive income or loss. Credit loss is recorded if the present value of cash flows is less than the amortized cost. For individual debt securities which the Company intends to sell or for which it more likely than not will not recover all of its amortized cost, the OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the security’s cost basis and its fair value at the consolidated balance sheet date. For individual debt securities for which credit loss has been recognized in earnings, interest accruals and amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts are suspended when the credit loss is recognized. Interest received after accruals have been suspended is recognized on a cash basis. Management believes that all unrealized losses on investment securities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are temporary
FHLB stock
As a member of the FHLB system, the Bank is required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB stock based on specific percentages of its outstanding mortgages, total assets, or FHLB advances. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Bank met its minimum required investment. The Bank may request redemption at par value of any FHLB stock in excess of the minimum required investment; however, stock redemptions are at the discretion of the FHLB.

Loans held for sale
Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Mortgage loans held for sale are generally sold with servicing rights retained. The carrying value of mortgage loans sold is reduced by the amount allocated to the servicing right. Gains and losses on sales of mortgage loans are based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold.
Loans
Loans are stated at the amount of unpaid principal, net of any premium or discount, reduced by the reserve for loan losses, the undisbursed portion of loans in process, and deferred loan fees.

Interest income on loans is accrued daily based on the principal amounts outstanding. Allowances are established for uncollected interest on loans for which the interest is determined to be uncollectible. Generally, all loans past due (based on contractual terms) 90 days or more are placed on non-accrual status and internally classified as substandard. Any interest income accrued at that time is reversed. Subsequent collections are applied proportionately to past due principal and interest, unless collectability of principal is in doubt, in which case all payments are applied to principal. Loans are removed from non-accrual status only when the loan is deemed current, and the collectability of principal and interest is no longer doubtful, or, on one-to-four family loans, when the loan is less than 90 days delinquent.

The Bank charges fees for originating loans. These fees, net of certain loan origination costs, are deferred and amortized to interest income, on the level-yield basis, over the loan term. If the loan is repaid prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized deferred loan origination fee is recognized in interest income at the time of repayment.
Reserve for loan losses
The reserve for loan losses represents management’s estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio as of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date and is recorded as a reduction to loans. The reserve for loan losses is increased by charges to operating expense through the loan loss provision, and decreased by loans charged-off, net of recoveries. The reserve for loan losses requires complex subjective judgments as a result of the need to make estimates about matters that are uncertain. The reserve for loan losses is maintained at a level currently considered adequate to provide for potential loan losses based on management’s assessment of various factors affecting the loan portfolio.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, management believes that the Company’s reserve for loan losses is at an appropriate level under current circumstances and prevailing economic conditions. However the reserve for loan losses is based on estimates and ultimate losses may vary from the current estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically, and, as adjustments become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the periods in which they become known. Therefore, management cannot provide assurance that, in any particular period, the Company will not have significant losses in relation to the amount reserved. The level of the reserve for loan losses is also determined after consideration of bank regulatory guidance and recommendations and is subject to review by such regulatory authorities who may require increases or decreases to the reserve based on their evaluation of the information available to them at the time of their examinations of the Bank.

Management uses historical information to assess the adequacy of the reserve for loan losses and considers qualitative factors including economic conditions and a range of other factors in its determination of the reserve. On an ongoing basis, the Company seeks to enhance and refine its methodology such that the reserve is at an appropriate level and responsive to changing conditions. The Company’s methodology includes a separate qualitative risk assessment process that focuses on the commercial and industrial (“C&I”) portion of the portfolio.  The C&I loan portfolio is stratified by industry classification using NAICS codes. At the stratified level, factors considered in the evaluation of the loans include current events, economic or market data, loan performance and concentration risks.  This qualitative risk assessment is separate from other qualitative risk assessments included in the allowance methodology.

As of June 30, 2013, management implemented a homogeneous pool approach to estimating reserves for consumer and small business loans. As of March 31, 2015, the reserve for loan loss methodology was enhanced within the Company’s C&I loan portfolio with respect to its holdings of shared national credits (“SNCs”). Risk ratings for individual SNCs are estimated using analysis of both public debt ratings and internal ratings. Expected loss rates are determined based upon historical published specific loss data for similar loans based on average losses and losses stratified by public debt ratings. Public ratings combined with internal risk rates are used to determine a minimum historical loss factor for each SNC loan. This amount may be increased for qualitative conditions including macroeconomic environment and observations by the Company’s SNC management group. The SNC lending strategy is intended to diversify the Company’s credit risk profile geographically and by industry. Additionally, such loans enhance the Company’s interest rate risk profile as they float with LIBOR rates.

For purposes of assessing the appropriate level of the reserve for loan losses, the Company analyzes loans and commitments to loan, and the amount of reserves allocated to loans and commitments to loan in each of the following reserve categories: pooled reserves, specifically identified reserves for impaired loans, and the unallocated reserve. Also, for purposes of analyzing loan portfolio credit quality and determining the appropriate level of reserve for loan losses, the Company identifies loan portfolio segments and classes based on the nature of the underlying loan collateral.

Reserves for impaired loans are either specifically allocated within the reserve for loan losses or reflected as a partial charge-off of the loan balance. The Bank considers loans to be impaired when management believes that it is probable that either principal and/or interest amounts due will not be collected according to the contractual terms. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis by the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, including the loan’s observable market price, the estimated fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral, or the value of a related guaranty. A significant portion of the Bank’s loans are either (1) collateralized by real estate, whereby the Bank primarily measures impairment based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less the cost to sell, or the value of a related guaranty, or (2) are supported by underlying cash flows, whereby impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Accordingly, changes in such estimated collateral values or future cash flows could result in actual losses which differ from those estimated at the date of the consolidated balance sheets. Impairment measurements may also include consideration of information that becomes available subsequent to year-end. Small balance loans are reserved for based on the applicable loan segment and are reserved at the related pool rate (regardless of dollar amount). Generally, shortfalls on impaired small balance loans are charged off and the Bank does not establish specific reserves. Small balance loans are evaluated for impairment based on the borrower’s difficulty in making payments, an analysis of the borrower’s repayment capacity, collateral coverage, and shortfall, if any, created by reductions in payments or principal. Generally, the Bank evaluates a loan for impairment when a loan is determined to be adversely classified; small balance loans are monitored based on payment performance and are evaluated for impairment no later than 90 days past due.

The reserve for loan losses may include an unallocated amount based upon the Company’s judgment as to possible credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio that may not have been captured by historical loss experience, qualitative factors, or specific evaluations of impaired loans. Unallocated reserves may be adjusted for factors including, but not limited to, unexpected or unusual events, volatile market and economic conditions, effects of changes or seasoning in methodologies, regulatory guidance and recommendations, or other factors that may impact operating conditions and loss expectations. Management’s judgment as to unallocated reserves is determined in the context of, but separate from, the historical loss trends and qualitative factors described above. The unallocated reserve for loan losses of $1.6 million at December 31, 2016 has decreased $0.9 million from the balance at December 31, 2015. Management believes that the amount of unallocated reserve for loan losses is appropriate and will continue to evaluate the amount going forward.

Due to the judgment involved in the determination of the qualitative and unallocated portions of the reserve for loan losses, the relationship of these components to the total reserve for loan losses may fluctuate from period to period.
Troubled debt restructuring (TDRs)
A loan is classified as a TDR when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and the Company grants a concession to the borrower in the restructuring that the Company would not otherwise consider in the origination of a loan. In some situations a borrower may be experiencing financial distress, but the Company does not provide a concession. These modifications are not considered TDRs. In other cases, the Company might provide a concession, such as a reduction in interest rate, but the borrower is not experiencing financial distress. This could be the case if the Company is matching a competitor’s interest rate. These modifications would also not be considered TDRs. Finally, any renewals at existing terms for borrowers not experiencing financial distress would not be considered TDRs. A TDR loan is considered to be impaired and is individually evaluated for impairment. As with other impaired loans, a specific reserve is estimated for each TDR based on the difference between expected future cash flows discounted at the original contractual rate and the current balance of the loan. For collateral dependent loans, expected future cash flows include the estimated market value less cost to sell.

Reserve for unfunded loan commitments
The Company maintains a separate reserve for losses related to unfunded loan commitments. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments represents management’s estimate of losses inherent in the Bank’s unfunded loan commitments. Management estimates the amount of probable losses related to unfunded loan commitments by applying the loss factors used in the reserve for loan loss methodology to an estimate of the expected amount of funding and applies this adjusted factor to the unused portion of unfunded loan commitments. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments totaled $0.4 million at both December 31, 2016 and 2015 and these amounts are included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Increases (decreases) in the reserve for unfunded loan commitments are recorded in non-interest expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)
MSRs are capitalized at their allocated carrying value and amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated future net servicing revenue. MSRs are measured by allocating the carrying value of loans between the assets sold and interest retained, based upon the relative estimated fair value at date of sale. Impairment of MSRs is assessed based on the estimated fair value of servicing rights. Fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows of servicing revenue less servicing costs taking into consideration market estimates of prepayments as applied to underlying loan type, note rate, and term. Impairment adjustments, if any, are recorded through a valuation allowance. Fees earned for servicing mortgage loans are reported as income when the related mortgage loan payments are received.
Premises and equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed on the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or terms of the leases. Estimated useful lives of the assets range predominantly as follows: 3 to 15 years for land improvements, 5 to 39 years for buildings, 3 to 5 years for computers, and 3 to 15 years for furniture, fixtures, and other equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

As part of an ongoing review of the valuation and amortization of premises and equipment, the Company assesses the carrying value of such assets if facts and circumstances suggest that they may be impaired. If this review indicates that the assets will not be fully recoverable, the carrying value of the Company’s premises and equipment would be reduced to its estimated fair value.

Core deposit intangibles (CDI)
CDI represents amounts recorded in business combinations or deposit purchase transactions related to the value of transaction-related deposits and the value of the customer relationships associated with the deposits.

Bank-owned life insurance (BOLI)
The Company has purchased BOLI to protect itself against the loss of certain key employees and directors due to death and as a source of long-term earnings to support certain employee benefit plans. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had $28.9 million and $28.6 million, respectively, of separate account BOLI and $28.0 million and $25.9 million, respectively, of general account BOLI.

The cash surrender value of the separate account BOLI is the quoted market price of the underlying securities, further supported by a stable value wrap, which mitigates, but does not fully protect, the investment against changes in the fair market value depending on the severity and duration of market price disruption. The fair value of the general account BOLI is based on the insurance contract cash surrender value. The underlying funds within the separate account structure generated positive performance during 2016, 2015, and 2014. There can be no assurance that losses in excess of the stable value wrap protection will not occur on separate account BOLI in the future.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)
OREO, acquired through foreclosure or deeds in lieu of foreclosure, is carried at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. When the property is acquired, any excess of the loan balance over the estimated net realizable value is charged to the reserve for loan losses. Holding costs, subsequent write-downs to net realizable value, if any, and any disposition gains or losses are included in non-interest expenses. The valuation of OREO is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of changes in economic conditions. The valuation of OREO is also subject to review by federal and state bank regulatory authorities who may require increases or decreases to carrying amounts based on their evaluation of the information available to them at the time of their examinations of the Bank. Management considers third-party appraisals, as well as independent fair market value assessments from realtors or persons involved in selling OREO, in determining the estimated fair value of particular properties. In addition, as certain of these third-party appraisals and independent fair market value assessments are only updated on an annual basis, changes in the values of specific properties may have occurred subsequent to the most recent appraisals. Accordingly, the amounts of any such potential changes - and any related adjustments - are generally recorded at the time such information is received. OREO valuation adjustments have been recorded on certain OREO properties. These adjustments are recorded in OREO expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
Advertising
Advertising costs are generally charged to expense during the year in which they are incurred.
Income taxes
The provision (benefit) for income taxes is based on income and expenses as reported for consolidated financial statement purposes using the “asset and liability method” for accounting for deferred taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision (benefit) for income taxes.

In estimating deferred tax assets (“DTA”), management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the DTA will or will not be realized. The Company’s ultimate realization of the DTA is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the nature and amount of historical and projected future taxable income, the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and available tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The amount of deferred taxes recognized could be impacted by changes to any of these variables.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company had a $0.1 million valuation allowance against its DTA due to state attributes that will expire without benefit.

Deferred tax assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is “more likely than not.” Uncertain tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold are measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize. An uncertain tax position is measured at the amount of benefit that management believes has a greater than 50% likelihood of realization upon settlement. Tax benefits not meeting our realization criteria represent unrecognized tax benefits. We account for interest and penalties as a component of income tax expense.

Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company periodically enters into certain commercial loan interest rate swap agreements in order to provide commercial loan customers the ability to convert from variable to fixed interest rates. Under these agreements, the Company enters into a variable-rate loan agreement with a customer in addition to a swap agreement. This swap agreement effectively converts the customer’s variable rate loan into a fixed rate loan. The Company then enters into a corresponding swap agreement with a third party in order to offset its exposure on the fixed components of the customer agreement. As the interest rate swap agreements with the customers and third parties are not designated as hedges under the Derivatives and Hedging topic of the FASB ASC 815, the instruments are marked to market in earnings.
Trust assets
Assets of the Bank’s trust department, other than cash on deposit at the Bank, are not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, because they are not assets of the Bank.
Transfers of financial assets
Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Loss contingencies
Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is deemed probable and an amount of loss can be reasonably estimated.

Cash Dividend Restriction
Payment of dividends by Bancorp and the Bank is subject to restriction by state and federal regulators and the availability of retained earnings
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in stockholders’ equity during a period, except those resulting from transactions with stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and the changes in net unrealized increase or decrease in the fair value of investment securities available-for-sale, net of taxes.

New authoritative accounting guidance
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment" ("ASU 2017-04"). ASU 2017-04 simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating a step from the goodwill impairment test. The amendments in this update provide that an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. As we approach the adoption date, we will consult the updated goodwill impairment test steps to determine if an impairment charge should be recognized.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-01, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business" ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2017-01 clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendments in this update provide a screen to determine when a set is not a business. The screen requires that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets, the set is not a business. This screen reduces the number of transactions that need to be further evaluated. If the screen is not met, the amendments in this update (1) require that to be considered a business, a set must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output and (2) remove the evaluation of whether a market participant could replace missing elements. The amendments provide a framework to assist entities in evaluating whether both an input and a substantive process are present. The framework includes two sets of criteria to consider that depend on whether a set has outputs. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. As we approach the adoption date, we will consult the framework to determine if the event should be disclosed as an acquisition or disposal of an asset or business.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 addresses the classification of debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs; settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments or other debt instruments with coupon interest rates that are insignificant in relation to the effective interest rate of the borrowing; contingent consideration payments made after a business combination; proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims; proceeds from the settlement of Corporate-Owned Life Insurance policies, including Bank-Owned Life Insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees; beneficial interests in securitization transactions; and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating which classifications apply to our business and will be prepared to report these classifications in the statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires financial assets that are measured at amortized cost to be presented as the net amount expected to be collected. The income statement will reflect the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets and for the expected increase or decrease of expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 notes that credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The initial allowance for credit losses, for purchased available-for-sale securities, is added to the purchase price rather than reported as a credit loss expense. Subsequent changes in the allowance are recorded as credit loss expense. Interest income should be recognized based on the effective interest rate, excluding the discount attributed to the assessment of credit loss at acquisition. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating our available-for-sale security portfolio in order to determine the most efficient way to track the net amount expected to be collected on the security. As we approach the effective date, we will continue to develop this process in order to report on the expected increase or decrease of expected credit losses.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 describes simplifications related to accounting and presenting share-based payment awards. ASU 2016-09 states that excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement; excess tax benefits should be classified with other income tax as an operating activity on the statement of cash flows; an entity may make an entity-wide accounting policy to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur; and cash paid by an employer when directly withholding shares for tax-withholding purposes should be classified as a financing activity. ASU 2016-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of ASU 2016-09 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. While the effect of the pronouncement has not yet been quantified, we are continuing to evaluate the impact of recording the right-of-use assets and liabilities on our balance sheet.
 
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments- Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments, clarifies reporting disclosure requirements for financial instruments measured at amortized cost, and requires the exit price notion be disclosed when measuring fair value of financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 details the required separate presentation in other comprehensive income for the change in fair value of a liability related to change in instrument specific credit risk and details the required separate presentation of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category, and clarifies the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to available-for-sale securities. ASU 2016-01 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Adoption of ASU 2016-01 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, “Interest- Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” (“ASU 2015-03”). ASU 2015-03 simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs and requires that the debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance of debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this update. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Adoption of ASU 2015-03 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 establishes a comprehensive revenue recognition standard for virtually all industries under U.S. GAAP, including those that previously followed industry-specific guidance such as the real estate, construction and software industries. The revenue standard’s core principle is built on the contract between a vendor and a customer for the provision of goods and services. It attempts to depict the exchange of rights and obligations between the parties in the pattern of revenue recognition based on the consideration to which the vendor is entitled. To accomplish this objective, the standard requires five basic steps: i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016 with three transition methods available - full retrospective, retrospective and cumulative effect approach. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Deferral of the Effective Date” (“ASU 2015-14”). ASU 2015-14 amended the effective date to December 15, 2017. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Principal Versus Agent Considerations” (“ASU 2016-08”). ASU 2016-08 defines the roles of a principal and agent in revenue recognition and determines when control of the good or service is transferred to the customer. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU 2016-10”). ASU 2016-10 establishes guidance on identifying performance obligations and licensing implementation. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Narrow- Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients" (“ASU 2016-12”). ASU 2016-12 clarifies the objective of the collectability criteria and notes the differences in applying the update at transition and on an ongoing basis. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-20, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606" ("ASU 2016-20"). ASU 2016-20 provides clarity on codification or to correct unintended application of guidance. Adoption of ASU 2014-09, ASU 2015-14, ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12 and ASU 2016-20 are not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.