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Stock-Based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Stock-Based Compensation [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation

Note 2 – Stock-Based Compensation

The Benchmark Electronics, Inc. 2000 Stock Awards Plan (the 2000 Plan) authorized, and the Benchmark Electronics, Inc. 2010 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (as amended, the 2010 Plan) authorizes the Company, upon approval of the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, to grant a variety of awards, including stock options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance compensation awards, phantom stock awards and deferred share units, or any combination thereof, to any director, officer, employee or consultant (including any prospective director, officer, employee or consultant) of the Company. Stock options are granted to employees with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company's common shares on the date of grant, generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant and have a term of ten years. Restricted shares and restricted stock units granted to employees generally vest over a four-year period from the date of grant, subject to the continued employment of the employee by the Company. The 2000 Plan expired in February 2010, and no additional grants can be made under that plan. The 2010 Plan was approved by the Company's shareholders in May 2010. Members of the Board of Directors who are not employees of the Company hold awards under the Benchmark Electronics, Inc. 2002 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the 2002 Plan) and the 2010 Plan. Stock options were granted pursuant to the 2002 Plan upon the occurrence of the non-employee director's election or re-election to the Board of Directors. All awards under the 2002 Plan were fully vested upon the date of grant and have a term of ten years. The 2002 Plan was approved by the Company's shareholders in May 2002 and expired in February 2012. No additional grants may be made under the 2002 Plan. Non-employee directors currently receive equity awards under the 2010 Plan. Since 2011, awards under the 2010 Plan to non-employee directors have been in the form of restricted stock units, which vest in equal quarterly installments over a one-year period, starting from the grant date.

 

As of June 30, 2014, 4.3 million additional common shares were available for issuance under the Company's 2010 Plan.

 

All share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values. The total compensation cost recognized for stock-based awards was $2.2 million and $3.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and $1.9 million and $3.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for stock-based awards was $1.0 million and $1.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. The compensation expense for stock-based awards includes an estimate for forfeitures and is recognized over the vesting period of the awards using the straight-line method. Cash flows from the tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for stock-based awards (excess tax benefits) are classified as cash flows from financing activities. Awards of restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units and phantom stock are valued at the closing market price of the Company's common shares on the date of grant. For performance-based restricted stock units, compensation expense is based on the probability that the performance goals will be achieved, which is monitored by management throughout the requisite service period. If it becomes probable, based on the Company's expectation of performance during the measurement period, that more or less than the previous estimate of the awarded shares will vest, an adjustment to stock-based compensation expense is recognized as a change in accounting estimate.

 

As of June 30, 2014, the unrecognized compensation cost and remaining weighted-average amortization related to stock-based awards were as follows:

         Performance-
         based
       Restricted Restricted
  Stock Restricted Stock Stock
(in thousands) Options Shares  Units Units(1)
Unrecognized compensation cost$ 5,648 $ 1,470 $ 7,732 $ 2,573
Remaining weighted-average            
amortization period2.1 years 1.4 years 3.0 years 2.1 years
            
(1) Based on the probable achievement of the performance goals identified in each award.

The weighted-average assumptions used to value the options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, were as follows:

   Three Months Ended Six Months Ended
   June 30, June 30,
(in thousands)  2014 2013 2014 2013
Options granted  65  - 378 348
Expected term of options  8.1 years N/A 7.0 years 7.4 years
Expected volatility  39% N/A 39% 42%
Risk-free interest rate  2.479% N/A 2.081% 1.396%
Dividend yield  zero N/A zero zero

The expected term of the options represents the estimated period of time until exercise and is based on historical experience, giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules and expectations of future plan participant behavior. Separate groups of plan participants that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. Expected stock price volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company's common shares. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon rates in effect at the time of grant with an equivalent remaining term. The dividend yield reflects that the Company has not paid any cash dividends since inception and does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

The weighted-average fair value per option granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 was $10.74 and $9.91, respectively. The total cash received as a result of stock option exercises for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was approximately $10.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized as a result of stock option exercises and the vesting of other share-based awards during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $2.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $2.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

The Company awarded performance-based restricted stock units to employees during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. The number of performance-based restricted stock units that will ultimately be earned will not be determined until the end of the corresponding performance periods and may vary from as low as zero to as high as three times the target number depending on the level of achievement of certain performance goals. The level of achievement of these goals is based upon the audited financial results of the Company for the last full calendar year within the performance period. The performance goals consist of certain levels of achievement using the following financial metrics: revenue growth, operating income margin expansion, and return on invested capital. If the performance goals are not met based on the Company's financial results, the applicable performance-based restricted stock units will not vest and will be forfeited. Shares subject to forfeited performance-based restricted stock units will be available for issuance under the 2010 Plan.

The following table summarizes the activities relating to the Company’s stock options:
          
       Weighted-  
     Weighted- Average  
     Average Remaining Aggregate
  Number of  Exercise Contractual Intrinsic
(in thousands, except per share data) Options  Price Term (Years) Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2013  3,084 $ 19.79    
Granted  378 $ 22.94    
Exercised  (567) $ 18.98    
Forfeited or expired  (37) $ 19.75    
Outstanding as of June 30, 2014  2,858 $ 20.36  5.00$ 15,200
Exercisable as of June 30, 2014  2,026 $ 20.68  3.21$ 10,308
          
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above is before income taxes and is calculated as the
difference between the exercise price of the underlying options and the Company’s closing stock
price as of the last business day of the period ended June 30, 2014 for options that had
exercise prices that were below the closing price.

The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s restricted shares:
      
     Weighted-
     Average
  Number of  Grant Date
(in thousands, except per share data) Shares  Fair Value
Non-vested shares outstanding as of December 31, 2013  194 $ 16.56
Vested  (76) $ 16.87
Forfeited  (7) $ 16.89
Non-vested shares outstanding as of June 30, 2014  111 $ 16.34

The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s time-based restricted
stock units:
     Weighted-
     Average
  Number of  Grant Date
(in thousands, except per share data) Units  Fair Value
Non-vested units outstanding as of December 31, 2013  303 $ 17.48
Granted  246 $ 22.92
Vested  (95) $ 17.57
Forfeited  (14) $ 20.14
Non-vested units outstanding as of June 30, 2014  440 $ 20.41

The following table summarizes the activities related to the Company’s performance-based
restricted stock units:     
     Weighted-
     Average
  Number of  Grant Date
(in thousands, except per share data) Units  Fair Value
Non-vested units outstanding as of December 31, 2013  215 $ 16.78
Granted(1)  88 $ 22.92
Forfeited  (29) $ 18.52
Non-vested units outstanding as of June 30, 2014  274 $ 18.56
      
(1)Represents target number of units that can vest based on the achievement of the
performance goals.