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Our operating assets (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Disclosure Of Operating Assets [Abstract]  
Consolidated sales revenue by destination and non-current assets other than excluded items
Adjusted(b)
Adjusted(b)
Adjusted(b)
Adjusted(b)

2022
%

2021
%
2020
%
2022
US$m

2021
US$m
2020
US$m
Greater China(b)
54.3 59.7 60.4 30,172 37,878 26,951 
United States of America15.9 12.6 10.9 8,823 8,012 4,867 
Asia (excluding Greater China and Japan)7.1 6.9 7.9 3,937 4,415 3,525 
Japan7.4 7.9 7.5 4,091 5,012 3,354 
Europe (excluding UK)6.5 5.2 5.9 3,618 3,271 2,623 
Canada3.1 2.6 2.9 1,743 1,677 1,289 
Australia 1.9 1.8 1.7 1,047 1,122 745 
UK0.3 0.4 0.5 182 243 242 
Other countries3.5 2.9 2.3 1,941 1,865 1,015 
Consolidated sales revenue100 100 100 55,554 63,495 44,611 
(a)Consolidated sales revenue by geographical destination is based on the ultimate country of the product's destination, if known. Where the ultimate destination is not known, we have defaulted to the shipping address of the customer. Rio Tinto is domiciled in both the UK and Australia.
(b)Consolidated sales revenue by destination has been adjusted to classify Taiwan and China together as ‘Greater China’; previously Taiwan was included in Asia (excluding Greater China and Japan). This change has resulted in a decrease in 2021 revenue attributable to Asia (excluding Greater China and Japan) of: 2.5% and US$1,570 million (2020: 2.3% and US$1,011 million).
The total of non-current assets other than excluded items is shown by location below.

2022
US$m
2021
US$m
Australia 31,674 32,807 
Canada14,472 15,139 
Mongolia12,872 11,653 
United States of America6,441 6,141 
Africa2,945 3,080 
South America3,317 2,451 
Europe (excluding UK)245 246 
UK136 111 
Other countries1,159 1,197 
Total non-current assets other than excluded items73,261 72,825 
Non-current assets excluded from analysis above:
Deferred tax assets2,766 3,375 
Other financial assets406 528 
Quasi-equity loans to equity accounted units(b)
— 97 
Tax recoverable— 29 
Receivables and other assets1,338 1,610 
Total non-current assets per balance sheet77,771 78,464 
(a)Allocation of non-current assets by country is based on the location of the business units holding the assets. It includes investments in equity accounted units totalling US$3,298 million (2021: US$3,407 million) which represents the Group’s share of net assets excluding quasi-equity loans shown separately above.
(b)As part of the impairment of the Boyne Smelter the quasi-equity loan was fully impaired in 2022 (2021: US$97 million).