Note 10 - Revenue Recognition

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

We recognize revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product to a customer. Revenue is measured based on the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products. Revenues from contracts with customers are recorded on the consolidated statements of operations based on the type of product being sold.

Performance Obligations and Significant Judgments

We sell oil and natural gas products in the United States through a single reportable segment. We primarily sell products within two regions of the United States: Appalachia and Illinois Basins and the Ventura Basin. We enter into contracts that generally include one type of distinct product in variable quantities and priced based on a specific index related to the type of product. Most of our contract pricing provisions are tied to a market index, with certain adjustments based on, among other factors, whether a well delivers to a gathering or transmission line, quality of the oil or natural gas, and prevailing supply and demand conditions.

The oil and natural gas is typically sold in an unprocessed state to third party purchasers. We recognize revenue based on the net proceeds received from the purchaser when control of the oil or natural gas passes to the purchaser. For oil sales, control is typically transferred to the purchaser upon receipt at the wellhead or a contractually agreed upon delivery point. Under our natural gas contracts with purchasers, control transfers upon delivery at the wellhead or the inlet of the purchaser’s system. For our other natural gas contracts, control transfers upon delivery to the inlet or to a contractually agreed upon delivery point.

Transfer of control drives the presentation of transportation and gathering costs within the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Transportation and gathering costs incurred prior to control transfer are recorded within the transportation and gathering expense line item on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, while transportation and gathering costs incurred subsequent to control transfer are recognized as a reduction to the related revenue.

A portion of our product sales are short-term in nature. For those contracts, we use the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting us from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

For our product sales that have a contract term greater than one year, we have utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14(a) which states we are not required to disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation. Under these sales contracts, each unit of product represents a separate performance obligation; therefore, future volumes are unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. We have no unsatisfied performance obligations at the end of each reporting period.

We do not believe that significant judgments are required with respect to the determination of the transaction price, including any variable consideration identified. There is a low level of uncertainty due to the precision of measurement and use of index-based pricing with predictable differentials. Additionally, any variable consideration identified is not constrained.

Disaggregation of Revenues

In the following table, revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018, is disaggregated by primary region within the United States and major product line. As noted above, we operate as one reportable segment.

(in thousands)
Type	Appalachian and Illinois Basin		Ventura Basin		Total
Natural gas sales	$	14,768	$	1,250	$	16,018
Natural gas liquids sales		-		1,143		1,143
Oil sales		4,963		25,928		30,891
Total natural gas, natural gas liquids, and oil revenue	$	19,731	$	28,321	$	48,052

In the following table, revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017, is disaggregated by primary region within the United States and major product line. As noted above, we operate as one reportable segment.

(in thousands)
Type	Appalachian and Illinois Basin		Ventura Basin		Total
Natural gas sales	$	15,298	$	-	$	15,298
Oil sales		4,213		-		4,213
Total natural gas and oil revenue	$	19,511	$	-	$	19,511

Contract Balances

Under our product sales contracts, we invoice customers once our performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. Accordingly, our product sales contracts do not typically give rise to contract assets or liabilities under ASC 606.

Prior Period Performance Obligations

We record revenue in the month production is delivered to the purchaser, but settlement statements may not be received until 30 to 90 days after the month of production. As such, we estimate the production delivered and the related pricing. Any differences between our initial estimates and actuals are recorded in the month payment is received from the customer. These differences have not historically been material. For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenue recognized in the reporting period related to prior period performance obligations is immaterial.

The estimated revenue is recorded within Accounts receivable – Revenue on the consolidated balance sheets.