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STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
At March 31, 2014, we had the following stock option and stock purchase plans:

the 2011 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2011;
the 2008 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in May 2008;
the 2005 Incentive Stock Plan, which our stockholders approved in April 2005;
the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which expired in February 2010;
the 1997 Stock Option Plan, which expired in January 2007;
the 1996 Directors Stock Option Plan, which expired in May 2006; and
the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which our stockholders approved in May 2001.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense:
The following table presents the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock option awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and the ESPP included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:
In thousands
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
Cost of revenues – stock option plan
 
$
7

 
$
40

Selling, general and administrative – stock option plan
 
4,041

 
3,530

Selling, general and administrative – RSUs
 
315

 
195

Selling, general and administrative – ESPP
 
309

 
282

Total pre-tax expense
 
$
4,672

 
$
4,047


The following table sets forth the tax benefits related to stock compensation:
In thousands
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
Tax benefit recognized in Statement of Income
 
$
909

 
$
1,130

Excess tax benefit realized
 
3,734

 
4,203



Stock Options:

Stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2014, is summarized as follows:
 
 
Number of
Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
 
Total Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in years)
 
(in thousands)
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
5,540,482

 
$
70.29

 
 
 
 
Granted
 
854,778

 
115.70

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(182,867
)
 
51.61

 
 
 
 
Forfeited
 
(28,088
)
 
84.58

 
 
 
 
Canceled or expired
 
(1,049
)
 
65.11

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2014
 
6,183,256

 
$
77.06

 
6.59
 
$
227,883

Exercisable at March 31, 2014
 
3,417,439

 
$
62.02

 
5.54
 
$
176,414

Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2014
 
5,884,031

 
$
75.89

 
 
 
 


As of March 31, 2014, there was $42.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.46 years.
The total exercise intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax value (the difference between the sales price on that trading day in the quarter ended March 31, and the exercise price associated with the respective option).
In thousands
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
Total intrinsic value of options exercised
 
$
11,796

 
$
14,562



The Company uses historical data to estimate expected life and volatility. The estimated fair value of stock options at the time of the grant using the Black-Scholes model option pricing model was as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2014
 
2013
Stock options granted (shares)
 
854,778

 
977,090

Weighted average fair value at grant date
 
$
21.28

 
$
21.57

Assumptions:
 
 
 
 
Expected term (in years)
 
4.78

 
6.00

Expected volatility
 
17.68
%
 
27.10
%
Expected dividend yield
 
%
 
%
Risk free interest rate
 
1.45
%
 
0.99
%

Restricted Stock Units:
Restricted stock units ("RSUs") vest at the end of three or five years. Our 2008 and 2011 Plans include a share reserve related to RSUs granted at a 2-1 ratio.
A summary of the status of our non-vested RSUs and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2014, are as follows:
 
 
Number of
Units
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Total Aggregate Intrinsic Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Non-vested at beginning of year
 
70,457

 
$
88.32

 
 
Granted
 
16,084

 
115.69

 
 
Vested and released
 
(17,288
)
 
85.00

 
 
Forfeited
 
(5,383
)
 
88.10

 
 
Non-vested at March 31, 2014
 
63,870

 
$
96.13

 
$
7,257



As of March 31, 2014, there was $5.1 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.62 years.