Note 11. Restructuring Costs

In July 2018, the Company determined to wind-down its discovery operations, reduce the workforce in Cambridge, Massachusetts that supports such operations, and close its Cambridge facility. In connection with the reduction-in-workforce, 18 positions were being eliminated, primarily in the area of discovery, representing approximately 40% of the Company’s employees. Of the 18 positions eliminated, 15 were effective July 31, 2018 with the remaining effective during the first half of 2019. The Company completed the consolidation of its operations to its Exton, Pennsylvania location in the third quarter of 2018.

Total restructuring-related charges incurred through December 31, 2019 totaled $3.3 million and were comprised of (i) one-time termination costs in connection with the reduction in workforce, including severance, benefits and related costs, of approximately $2.8 million; (ii) contract termination costs of approximately $0.2 million in connection with the early lease termination for the Cambridge facility; and (iii) non-cash asset impairments of approximately $0.7 million, inclusive of $0.5 million of fixed asset impairments and $0.2 million in write-offs of facility-related prepaid expenses; offset by (iv) a non-cash gain of approximately $0.4 million related to the write-off of the remaining deferred rent liability associated with the Cambridge facility lease.

The following summarizes restructuring-related activity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:


(in thousands)	Employee Severance and Benefits		Contract Termination Costs		Asset Impairments		Total
Accrued restructuring balance as of December 31, 2017	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Charges incurred (1)		2,635		225		674		3,534
Cash payments		(1,380)		(225)		—		(1,605)
Non-cash settlements		(24)		—		(674)		(698)
Adjustments		(84)		—		—		(84)
Accrued restructuring balance as of December 31, 2018	$	1,147	$	—	$	—	$	1,147
Charges incurred		181		—		—		181
Cash payments		(1,215)		—		—		(1,215)
Accrued restructuring balance as of December 31, 2019	$	113	$	—	$	—	$	113

(1)

Excludes $0.4 million gain due to the write-off of the remaining deferred rent liability associated with the termination of the Cambridge, Massachusetts facility lease.

As of December 31, 2019, the entire accrued restructuring balance is classified as a current liability and included in “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying balance sheets. See Note 6.