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Investments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Investments Investments
Fixed Maturities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for expected credit loss, and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2021 were:
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Expected Credit LossesFair Value
(Dollars in Millions)GainsLosses
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$485.8 $37.1 $(0.6)$— $522.3 
States and Political Subdivisions1,640.6 167.5 (2.3)— 1,805.8 
Foreign Governments6.3 0.1 (1.3)— 5.1 
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes3,947.2 543.7 (10.4)(5.1)4,475.4 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks7.0 0.5 — — 7.5 
Collateralized Loan Obligations773.1 2.4 (5.3)— 770.2 
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed232.6 16.2 (0.1)— 248.7 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$7,092.6 $767.5 $(20.0)$(5.1)$7,835.0 
Note 6 - Investments (continued)
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for expected credit loss, and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2020 were:
 Amortized
Cost
Gross UnrealizedAllowance for Expected Credit LossesFair Value
(Dollars in Millions)GainsLosses
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$536.5 $48.9 $(0.1)$— $585.3 
States and Political Subdivisions1,404.3 185.4 (0.2)— 1,589.5 
Foreign Governments6.6 — (1.1)(0.3)5.2 
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes3,749.5 689.5 (10.6)(3.0)4,425.4 
Redeemable Preferred Stocks7.0 0.5 — — 7.5 
Collateralized Loan Obligations785.1 2.3 (19.7)— 767.7 
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed203.7 21.6 — — 225.3 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$6,692.7 $948.2 $(31.7)$(3.3)$7,605.9 
Other Receivables included $17.1 million and $5.1 million of unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities included unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities of $34.6 million and $4.3 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2021 by contractual maturity were:
(Dollars in Millions)Amortized CostFair Value
Due in One Year or Less$74.2 $77.7 
Due after One Year to Five Years1,057.5 1,121.4 
Due after Five Years to Ten Years1,608.3 1,748.1 
Due after Ten Years3,002.9 3,505.3 
Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date1,349.7 1,382.5 
Investments in Fixed Maturities$7,092.6 $7,835.0 
The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Investments in Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at June 30, 2021 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $321.4 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $28.3 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $15.0 million, and securities issued by other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $1,017.8 million.
Note 6 - Investments (continued)
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at June 30, 2021 is presented below.
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
(Dollars in Millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed Maturities:
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$19.2 $(0.6)$— $— $19.2 $(0.6)
States and Political Subdivisions170.4 (2.2)3.4 (0.1)173.8 (2.3)
Foreign Governments0.2 (0.1)2.8 (1.1)3.0 (1.2)
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes337.4 (8.8)17.0 (1.7)354.4 (10.5)
Collateralized Loan Obligations162.6 (0.9)246.8 (4.4)409.4 (5.3)
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed5.5 (0.1)5.0 — 10.5 (0.1)
Total Fixed Maturities$695.3 $(12.7)$275.0 $(7.3)$970.3 $(20.0)
Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $11.5 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $8.5 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at June 30, 2021. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 8% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2020 is presented below.
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
(Dollars in Millions)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fixed Maturities:
U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities$10.5 $(0.1)$— $— $10.5 $(0.1)
States and Political Subdivisions23.3 (0.2)— — 23.3 (0.2)
Foreign Governments0.5 (0.1)2.6 (1.0)3.1 (1.1)
Corporate Securities:
Bonds and Notes132.9 (7.5)46.1 (3.1)179.0 (10.6)
Collateralized Loan Obligations145.2 (3.8)371.4 (15.9)516.6 (19.7)
Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed6.3 — — — 6.3 — 
Total Fixed Maturities$318.7 $(11.7)$420.1 $(20.0)$738.8 $(31.7)
Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $8.0 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $23.7 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2020. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 11% of the amortized cost basis of the investment.
Note 6 - Investments (continued)
At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before an anticipated recovery of value. The Company evaluated these investments for credit losses at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company considers many factors in evaluating whether the unrealized losses were credit related including, but not limited to, the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, conditions related to the security, industry, or geographic area, payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer’s ability to make contractual cashflows, defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency, and other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance. The Company determined that the unrealized losses on these securities were due to non-credit related factors at the evaluation date.
Fixed Maturities - Expected Credit Losses
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for six months ended June 30, 2021.
 Foreign GovernmentsCorporate Bonds and NotesTotal
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Year$0.3 $3.0 $3.3 
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were
   Recognized
— 2.2 2.2 
Net Increase (Decrease) in Allowance on Securities for which Expected Credit Losses were Previously Recognized(0.3)0.1 (0.2)
Write-offs Charged Against Allowance— (0.2)(0.2)
End of the Period$— $5.1 $5.1 
The following table sets forth the change in allowance for expected credit losses on fixed maturities available-for-sale by major security type for the six months ended June 30, 2020.
 Foreign GovernmentsCorporate Bonds and NotesTotal
(Dollars in Millions)
Beginning of the Year$— $— $— 
Impact of Adopting ASU 2016-13— — — 
Additions for Securities for which No Previous Expected Credit Losses were
   Recognized
0.6 4.8 5.4 
End of the Period$0.6 $4.8 $5.4 
Equity Securities
Investments in Equity Securities at Fair Value were $957.7 million and $858.5 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Net unrealized gains arising during the six months ended June 30, 2021 and recognized in earnings, related to such investments still held as of June 30, 2021, were $99.3 million.
Investments in Equity Securities at Modified Cost were $32.5 million and $40.1 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis on a quarterly basis consisting of various factors such as earnings performance, current market conditions, changes in credit ratings, changes in the regulatory environment and other factors. If the qualitative analysis identifies the presence of impairment indicators, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment. If the estimated fair value is below the carrying value, the Company records an impairment in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair value. When the Company identifies observable transactions of the same or similar securities to those held by the Company, the Company increases or decreases the carrying value to the observable transaction price. The Company did not recognize any increases in the carrying value due to observable transactions for the six months ended June 30, 2021. The Company recognized an impairment of $2.6 million and $3.4 million on Equity Securities at Modified Cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively as a result of
Note 6 - Investments (continued)
the Company’s impairment analysis. The Company has recognized $0.5 million of cumulative decreases in the carrying value due to observable transactions, no cumulative increases in the carrying value due to observable transactions and $9.3 million of cumulative impairments on Equity Securities at Modified Cost held as of June 30, 2021.
There were $0.4 million and no unsettled purchases of Investments in Equity Securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no unsettled sales of Investments in Equity Securities at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2021 is limited to the total carrying value of $245.5 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $91.8 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at June 30, 2021. At June 30, 2021, 3.9% of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments were reported without a reporting lag. Of the total carrying value, 33.2% was reported with a one month lag and the remainder was reported with more than a one month lag.
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments
Alternative Energy Partnership Investments include partnerships formed to invest in newly installed residential solar leases and power purchase agreements. As a result of this investment, the Company has the right to certain investment tax credits and tax depreciation benefits, and to a lesser extent, cash flows generated from the installed solar systems leased to individual consumers for a fixed period of time. The Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value (“HLBV”) equity method of accounting is used for the Company’s investments in Alternative Energy Partnership Investments.
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2021 is limited to the total carrying value of $46.6 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $31.5 million to fund Alternative Energy Partnership Investments at June 30, 2021. Alternative Energy Partnership Investments are reported on a three month lag.
Other Investments
The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were:
(Dollars in Millions)Jun 30,
2021
Dec 31,
2020
Company-owned Life Insurance$433.5 $327.4 
Loans to Policyholders at Unpaid Principal291.7 297.9 
Real Estate at Depreciated Cost98.7 98.7 
Mortgage Loans and Other86.9 55.0 
Total$910.8 $779.0 
Note 6 - Investments (continued)
Net Investment Income
Net Investment Income for the six and three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 was:
 Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions)Jun 30,
2021
Jun 30,
2020
Jun 30,
2021
Jun 30,
2020
Investment Income:
Interest on Fixed Income Securities$138.7 $145.3 $69.7 $74.3 
Dividends on Equity Securities Excluding Alternative Investments6.9 7.9 4.8 3.6 
Alternative Investments:
Equity Method Limited Liability Investments38.9 (10.9)16.4 (12.7)
Limited Liability Investments Included in Equity Securities19.8 4.9 15.3 1.1 
Total Alternative Investments58.7 (6.0)31.7 (11.6)
Short-term Investments0.4 1.9 (0.8)0.3 
Loans to Policyholders10.9 11.1 5.4 5.5 
Real Estate4.8 4.8 2.4 2.3 
Other14.0 6.6 9.3 2.4 
Total Investment Income 234.4 171.6 122.5 76.8 
Investment Expenses:
Real Estate4.2 5.3 2.1 2.7 
Other Investment Expenses13.2 12.9 6.5 6.3 
Total Investment Expenses17.4 18.2 8.6 9.0 
Net Investment Income$217.0 $153.4 $113.9 $67.8 
Gross gains and losses on sales of investments in fixed maturities for the six and three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 were:
 Six Months EndedThree Months Ended
(Dollars in Millions)Jun 30,
2021
Jun 30,
2020
Jun 30,
2021
Jun 30,
2020
Fixed Maturities:
Gains on Sales$32.4 $26.8 $19.2 $10.9 
Losses on Sales(1.3)(1.6)(0.2)(0.5)