-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, TT6ufRE5M4yD76X4bQhYlHwEnO/+3qhBDWX6MMx5ZrWF7zJQzksIS4CcGjRfTSrJ OIWYygLi/DzMLjHI0Vvnsg== 0001047469-98-012384.txt : 19980331 0001047469-98-012384.hdr.sgml : 19980331 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001047469-98-012384 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19971231 FILED AS OF DATE: 19980330 SROS: NONE FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM OF MONTANA INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000860413 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: STATE COMMERCIAL BANKS [6022] IRS NUMBER: 810331430 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MT FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 033-64304 FILM NUMBER: 98578007 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: P O BOX 30918 STREET 2: 401 NO 31ST STREET CITY: BILLINGS STATE: MT ZIP: 59116-0918 BUSINESS PHONE: 4062555300 10-K 1 FORM 10-K UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 33-64304 FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) MONTANA 81-0331430 (State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer Identification No.) incorporation or organization) 401 NORTH 31ST STREET BILLINGS, MONTANA 59116 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (406) 255-5390 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. [x] Yes [ ] No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [x] The aggregate market value (appraised minority value) of the common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of February 28, 1998 was $21,864,742. The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock as of February 28, 1998 was 8,023,826. -1- PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS THE COMPANY First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. ("FIBS" and collectively with its subsidiaries, the "Company") is a bank holding company. FIBS was incorporated in 1971 and is headquartered in Billings, Montana. In October 1997, FIBS changed its name from "First Interstate BancSystem of Montana, Inc." to "First Interstate BancSystem, Inc." FIBS operates two wholly-owned bank subsidiaries (collectively, the "Banks" and individually a "Bank") with 32 banking offices in 23 Montana and Wyoming communities and FIB Capital Trust ("FIB Capital"), a wholly-owned non-bank subsidiary. At December 31, 1997, the Company had assets of $2.2 billion, deposits of $1.8 billion and total stockholders' equity of $146 million, making it the largest independent banking organization headquartered in Montana or Wyoming. The Company, through the Banks, delivers a comprehensive range of consumer and commercial banking services to individual and business customers. These services include personal and business checking and savings accounts, time deposits, individual retirement accounts, cash management, trust services and commercial, consumer, real estate, agricultural and other loans. Additionally, the Company operates a substantial data processing division that performs data processing services for the Banks and 34 non-affiliated financial institutions in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. The data processing division also supports over 630 ATM locations in 13 states, principally Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Colorado and North Dakota. The Company is the licensee under a trademark license agreement between Wells Fargo & Company and the Company granting it an exclusive, nontransferable license to use the "First Interstate" name and logo in the states of Montana and Wyoming with additional rights in selected other states. In October 1997, the Company effected a four-for-one stock split of its existing common stock. Unless otherwise indicated, information regarding common stock of the Company contained herein has been retroactively restated to give effect to the stock split. COMMUNITY BANKING PHILOSOPHY The Company's banking offices are located in communities with populations generally ranging from approximately 5,000 to 70,000 people, but serve market areas with greater populations because of the limited number of financial institutions within a reasonable distance from the communities in which such offices are located. The Company believes that these communities provide a stable core deposit and funding base, as well as economic diversification across a number of industries, including agriculture, energy, mining, timber processing, tourism, government services, education and medical services. The banking industry is presently undergoing change with respect to regulatory matters, consolidation, changing consumer needs and economic and market conditions. The Company believes that it can best address this changing environment through its "Strategic Vision." Through the Strategic Vision, the Company emphasizes providing its customers full service commercial and consumer banking at a local level using a personalized service approach, while serving and strengthening the communities in which the Banks are located through community service activities. The Company grants significant autonomy and flexibility to the banking offices in delivering and pricing products at the local level in response to market considerations and customer needs. This flexibility and autonomy enables the banking offices to remain competitive and enhances the relationships between the banking offices and the customers they serve. The Company also emphasizes accountability, however, by establishing performance and incentive standards for the Banks which are tied to net income at the individual branch level. The Company believes that this combination of autonomy and accountability allows the banking offices to provide a high level of personalized service to customers while remaining attentive to financial performance. -2- GROWTH STRATEGY The Company's growth strategy includes growing internally and expanding into new and complementary markets when appropriate opportunities arise. The Company believes it has in place an infrastructure that will allow for growth and yield economies of scale on a going forward basis. The Company has received regulatory approval to open three new banking offices in Montana and Wyoming and will continue to expand its presence in the Montana and Wyoming markets. INTERNAL GROWTH The Company's internal growth strategy is to attract and retain customers by providing personalized "high touch" service, increasing its offering of products and services and cross-selling existing products and services. The Company believes its ability to offer a complete package of consumer and commercial banking products and services enhances the Company's image as a "one-stop" banking organization. The Company creates awareness of its products and services through various marketing and promotional efforts, including involvement in community activities. EXTERNAL GROWTH The Company has grown in recent years by selectively acquiring banks in additional markets in Montana and Wyoming. Since September 1996, the Company has acquired eight banking offices. The Company considers acquisitions which will enhance its existing position within a market, expand its presence into complementary markets, or add capabilities or personnel that will enhance the Company as a whole. The Company has a selective acquisition strategy in that it principally considers those institutions with strong financial and managerial resources already in place. THE BANKS First Interstate Bank in Montana ("FIB Montana"), a Montana chartered bank organized in 1916, has 21 banking offices in 15 Montana communities, including Billings, Bozeman, Colstrip, Cut Bank, Eureka, Evergreen, Gardiner, Great Falls, Hamilton, Hardin, Kalispell, Livingston, Miles City, Missoula and Whitefish. These communities are home to a variety of industries, including agriculture, mining, energy, timber processing, tourism, government services, education and medical services, with a significant number of small to medium sized businesses. As of December 31, 1997, FIB Montana held assets and deposits totaling $1.5 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. FIB Montana is the largest independent bank headquartered in Montana. The Bank's main office is located in Billings, Montana. During June 1997, the Company merged together three of its Montana bank subsidiaries, First Interstate Bank of Commerce, First Interstate Bank of Montana, N.A. and Mountain Bank of Whitefish, and changed the resultant bank name to "First Interstate Bank" in Montana. In December 1997, First Interstate Bank, fsb, the Company's savings bank subsidiary, was merged into FIB Montana and the Company's thrift charter was terminated. First Interstate Bank in Wyoming ("FIB Wyoming"), a Wyoming chartered bank organized in 1893, has 11 banking offices in eight Wyoming communities, including Buffalo, Casper, Gillette, Greybull, Lander, Laramie, Riverton and Sheridan. These communities are home to a variety of industries, including energy, agriculture, mining, tourism, government services, education and medical services with a significant number of small to medium sized businesses. As of December 31, 1997, FIB Wyoming held assets and deposits totaling $750 million and $642 million, respectively. The Bank's main office is located in Sheridan, Wyoming. During 1997, the Company merged together its two Wyoming bank subsidiaries, First Interstate Bank of Commerce in Wyoming and First Interstate Bank of Wyoming, N.A., and changed the resultant bank name to "First Interstate Bank" in Wyoming. -3- ADMINISTRATION OF THE BANKS Each of the Banks and their respective banking offices operate with a significant level of autonomy and are responsible for day-to-day operations, the pricing of loans and deposits, lending decisions and community relations. FIBS also emphasizes accountability, however, by establishing performance and incentive standards for the Banks which are tied to net income at the individual branch level. FIBS provides general oversight and centralized services for the Banks to enable them to serve their markets more effectively. These services include data processing, credit administration, auditing, asset/liability management, investment analysis, human resources management, marketing and planning coordination. FIBS continues to emphasize corporate administration of functions which assist the Banks and their branches in more effectively focusing on their respective markets and customers. Key among those functions are the following: DATA PROCESSING FIBS provides most of its and the Banks' data processing requirements. These services, including general ledger, investment securities management and loan and deposit processing, are performed through the use of computer hardware which the Company owns and maintains and software which it licenses. The Company's data processing division also operates an extensive ATM network for the benefit of the Banks' customers. CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FIBS has established comprehensive credit policies which guide the Banks' lending activities. These policies establish system-wide standards and assist Bank management in the lending process. On the local level, the Banks are granted significant autonomy and flexibility with respect to credit pricing issues and lending decisions. FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING FIBS provides all accounting services for the Banks, including general ledger administration, internal and external reporting, asset/liability management and investment portfolio analysis. In addition, the Company has established policies regarding capital expenditures, asset/liability management and capital management. SUPPORT SERVICES FIBS provides the Banks with legal and compliance services, internal auditing services, marketing services, planning coordination, human resources and employee benefits administration, and various other services. The Company believes the centralization of these services yields economies of scale, increases the efficiency of the Banks and allows management of the banking offices to focus on serving their market areas and customers. LENDING ACTIVITIES The Banks offer short and long-term commercial, consumer, real estate, agricultural and other loans to individuals and small to medium sized businesses in each of their market areas. The lending activities of the Banks and their branches are guided by the Company's comprehensive lending and credit guidelines. The Company believes that it is important to keep the credit decision at the local branch level in order to enhance the speed and efficiency with which the customer is served. While each loan must meet minimum underwriting standards established in the Company's lending policy, lending officers are granted certain levels of autonomy in approving and pricing loans. The Company-established credit policies are intended to maximize the quality and mix of loans, while also assuring that the Banks and their branches are responsive to competitive issues and community needs in each market area. The credit policies establish specific lending authorities to Bank officers, reflecting their individual experience and level of authority, type of loan and collateral, and thresholds at which loan requests must also be approved at a Bank committee level and/or by FIBS. FIBS oversees the lending activities of the Banks and is responsible for monitoring general lending activities. Areas of oversight include the types of loans, the mix of variable and fixed rate loans, delinquencies, non-performing assets, classified loans and other credit information to evaluate the risk within each Bank's loan portfolio and to recommend general reserve percentages and specific reserve allocations. -4- The Company's loan portfolio is diversified across commercial, consumer, real estate, agricultural and other loans, with a mix of fixed and variable rate loans. Individual branches are granted autonomy with respect to product pricing, which is significantly influenced by the markets in which the particular banking offices are located. Unlike residential mortgage loans and consumer installment loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from his or her employment and other income or which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial business loans involve different risks and are typically made on the basis of the borrower's ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower's business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial business loans may be substantially dependent on the success of the business itself. Further, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. The Company attempts to limit these risks by employing underwriting and documentation standards contained in written loan policies and procedures. These policies and procedures are reviewed on an ongoing basis by management and adherence to stated policies are monitored by credit administration. COMMERCIAL LOANS The Banks provide a mix of variable and fixed rate commercial loans. The loans are typically made to small to medium sized manufacturing, wholesale, retail and service businesses for working capital needs and business expansions. As of December 31, 1997, 35.8% of the Company's loan portfolio was composed of commercial loans. Commercial loans generally include lines of credit and loans with maturities of five years or less. The loans are generally made with the business operations as the primary source of repayment, but also include collateralization by inventory, accounts receivable, equipment, real estate and/or personal guarantees. CONSUMER LOANS The Banks' consumer loans include personal automobile loans, home improvement loans and equity lines of credit. The consumer loans are generally secured by automobiles, boats and other types of personal property and are made on an installment basis. The equity lines of credit are generally floating rate, reviewed annually and secured by residential real estate. Over two-thirds of the Company's consumer loans are indirect dealer paper which is created when the Company advances money to dealers of consumer products who in turn lend such money to consumers purchasing automobiles, boats and other consumer goods. As of December 31, 1997, 34.4% of the Company's loan portfolio was composed of consumer and personal loans. REAL ESTATE LOANS The Banks provide interim and permanent financing for both single-family and multi-unit properties and medium term loans for commercial and industrial buildings. The Banks originate variable and fixed rate real estate mortgages, generally in accordance with the guidelines of the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. Loans originated in accordance with these guidelines are sold in the secondary market. Real estate loans are typically secured by first liens on the financed property. As of December 31, 1997, 18.3% of the Company's loan portfolio was composed of real estate loans, many of which are fixed rate loans, with maturities generally less than 15 years. AGRICULTURAL LOANS Agricultural loans generally consist of short and medium-term loans and lines of credit and are made to the large base of farm and ranch operations in the Company's market areas. The Banks make agricultural loans in many of the communities they serve, which are generally used for crops, livestock, buildings and equipment, and general operating purposes. Agricultural loans are generally secured by assets such as livestock or equipment and are repaid from the operations of the farm or ranch. As of December 31, 1997, 11.1% of the Company's loan portfolio was composed of agricultural loans. Agricultural loans generally have maturities of five years or less, with operating lines lasting for one production season. -5- FUNDING SOURCES Each of the Banks offers usual and customary depository products provided by commercial and retail banks, including personal and business checking accounts, savings accounts and time deposits (including IRAs). Deposits at the Banks are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") up to statutory limits. While the Company develops and offers a wide array of deposit products, local branch management is given relative autonomy in pricing the depository products offered to customers, in an attempt to best compete in each Bank's particular market. As of December 31, 1997, approximately 38.0%, 23.9% and 38.1% of the Company's deposits consisted of demand, savings and time deposits, respectively. The Company also has a significant number of repurchase agreements primarily with commercial depositors. Under the repurchase agreements, the Company sells, but does not transfer on its books or otherwise, investment securities held by the Company to a customer under an agreement to repurchase the investment security at a specified time or on demand. OTHER OPERATIONS In addition to the services mentioned above, the Company offer safe deposit boxes, night depository services and wire transfers, among other things. The Company also operates a substantial data processing division that performs data processing services for the Banks and 34 non-affiliated financial institutions in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. The data processing division also provides support for over 630 ATM locations in 12 states, principally in Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Colorado and North Dakota. The Company, through the Banks, offers a full range of fee-based trust services to its individual, non-profit and corporate clients, including corporate pension plans, individual retirements plans and 401(k) plans. COMPETITION The banking and financial services business in both Montana and Wyoming is highly competitive. The Banks compete for loans, deposits and customers for financial services with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, securities and brokerage companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money market funds, credit unions and other nonbank financial service providers. The Company competes in its markets on the basis of its Strategic Vision philosophy, timely and responsive customer service and general market presence. Several of the Company's competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader array of financial services than the Banks. Moreover, the Banking and Branching Act has increased competition in the Banks' markets, particularly from larger, multi-state banks. See "Regulation and Supervision." The Company competes with several large, multi-state banks as well as numerous smaller community banks. Principal competitors include Norwest Corporation, U.S. Bancorp and Community First Bankshares, Inc. With respect to core deposits, the Company believes it ranks second in market share to all other competitors in each of Montana and Wyoming. See "Risk Factors-Competition." EMPLOYEES The Company employed approximately 971 full-time and 226 part-time employees as of December 31, 1997. None of the Company's employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. The Company considers its employee relations to be good. REGULATION AND SUPERVISION Bank holding companies and commercial banks are subject to extensive regulation under both federal and state law. Set forth below is a summary description of certain laws which relate to the regulation of FIBS and the Banks. The description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable laws and regulations. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. As a bank holding company, FIBS is subject to regulation under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the "BHCA"), and to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve. -6- The Federal Reserve may require that FIBS terminate an activity or terminate control of or liquidate or divest certain Banks if the Federal Reserve believes such activity or control constitutes a significant risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any of the Banks or is in violation of the BHCA. The Federal Reserve also has the authority to regulate provisions of certain bank holding company debt, including authority to impose interest ceilings and reserve requirements on such debt. Under certain circumstances, FIBS must file written notice and obtain approval from the Federal Reserve prior to purchasing or redeeming its equity securities. Further, FIBS is required by the Federal Reserve to maintain certain levels of capital. See "Capital Standards" herein. FIBS is required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve for the acquisition of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or substantially all of the assets of any bank or bank holding company. Prior approval of the Federal Reserve is also required for the merger or consolidation of FIBS and another bank holding company. FIBS is prohibited by the BHCA, except in certain statutorily prescribed instances, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of 5% or more of the outstanding voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than those of banking, managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to its subsidiaries. However, FIBS, subject to the prior approval of the Federal Reserve, may engage in, or acquire shares of companies engaged in, activities that are deemed by the Federal Reserve to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In making any such determination, the Federal Reserve may consider, among other things, whether the performance of such activities by FIBS or an affiliate can reasonably be expected to produce benefits to the public, such as greater convenience, increased competition or gains in efficiency, that outweigh possible adverse effects, such as undue concentration of resources, decreased or unfair competition, conflicts of interest or unsound banking practices. The Federal Reserve is also empowered to differentiate between activities commenced de novo and activities commenced by acquisition, in whole or in part, of a going concern. On September 30, 1996, the Economic Growth and Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 (the "1996 Budget Act") eliminated the requirement that bank holding companies seek Federal Reserve approval before engaging de novo in permissible nonbanking activities listed in Regulation Y, which governs bank holding companies, if the holding company and its lead depository institution are well-managed and Well-Capitalized (as defined herein) and certain other criteria specified in the statute are met. For purposes of determining the capital levels at which a bank holding company is considered "Well-Capitalized" under the 1996 Budget Act and Regulation Y, the Federal Reserve adopted, as a rule, risk-based capital ratios (on a consolidated basis) that are the same as the levels set for determining that a state member bank is Well Capitalized under the provisions established under the prompt corrective action provisions of federal law. See "Prompt Corrective Action and Other Enforcement Mechanisms" herein. Under Federal Reserve regulations, a bank holding company is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may not conduct its operations in an unsafe or unsound manner. In addition, it is the Federal Reserve's policy that in serving as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks, a bank holding company should stand ready to use available resources to provide adequate capital funds to its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity and should maintain the financial flexibility and capital-raising capacity to obtain additional resources for assisting its subsidiary banks. A bank holding company's failure to meet its obligations to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks will generally be considered by the Federal Reserve to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve's regulations or both. THE BANKS FIB Montana is subject to the supervision of and regular examination by the Federal Reserve and the State of Montana. FIB Wyoming is subject to the supervision of and regular examination by the FDIC and the State of Wyoming. If any of the foregoing regulatory agencies determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earning prospects, management, liquidity or other aspects of a Bank's operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to such agencies. These remedies include the power to enjoin "unsafe or unsound" practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in capital, to restrict the growth of the Bank, to assess civil monetary penalties, to remove officers and directors and ultimately to terminate a Bank's deposit insurance, which would result in a revocation of the Bank's charter. None of the Banks has been the subject of any such actions by their respective regulatory agencies. -7- The FDIC insures the deposits of the Banks in the manner and to the extent provided by law. For this protection, the Banks pay a semiannual statutory assessment. See "Premiums for Deposit Insurance" herein. Various requirements and restrictions under the laws of the states of Montana and Wyoming and the United States affect the operations of the Banks. State and federal statutes and regulations relate to many aspects of the Banks' operations, including levels of capital, reserves against deposits, interest rates payable on deposits, loans, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowings, dividends, locations of banking offices and capital requirements. RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFERS OF FUNDS TO FIBS AND THE BANKS FIBS is a legal entity separate and distinct from the Banks. Statutory and regulatory limitations exist with respect to the amount of dividends which may be paid to FIBS by the Banks. Under Montana banking law, FIB Montana may not declare dividends in any one calendar year in excess of its net earnings of the preceding two years without giving notice to the Montana Commissioner of Banking and Financial Institutions. As a Federal Reserve member bank, FIB Montana may not, without the consent of the Federal Reserve, declare dividends in a calendar year which, when aggregated with prior dividends in that calendar year, exceed the calendar year net profits of FIB Montana together with retained earnings for the prior two calendar years. Under Wyoming banking law, FIB Wyoming may not, without the approval of the Wyoming Banking Commissioner, declare dividends in any one calendar year in excess of its net profits in the current year combined with retained net profits of the preceding two years, less any required transfers to surplus or a fund for the retirement of any preferred stock. In addition, there are restrictions under the Company's debt instruments which may limit the amount of the Banks' dividends in certain circumstances. The bank regulatory agencies also have authority to prohibit the Banks from engaging in activities that, in their respective opinions, constitute unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their business. It is possible, depending upon the financial condition of the Bank in question and other factors, that the bank regulatory agencies could assert that the payment of dividends or other payments might, under some circumstances, be an unsafe or unsound practice. Further, the bank regulatory agencies have established guidelines with respect to the maintenance of appropriate levels of capital by banks or bank holding companies under their jurisdiction. Compliance with the standards set forth in such guidelines and the restrictions that are or may be imposed under the prompt corrective action provisions of federal law could limit the amount of dividends which the Banks or FIBS may pay. See "Prompt Corrective Action and Other Enforcement Mechanisms" and "Capital Standards" herein for a discussion of these additional restrictions on capital distributions. A large portion of FIBS's revenues, including funds available for the payment of interest on the indebtedness of the Company, dividends and operating expenses are, and will continue to be, dividends paid by the Banks. The Banks are also subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law on any extensions of credit to, or the issuance of a guarantee or letter of credit on behalf of, FIBS or any affiliate of FIBS, the purchase of or investments in stock or other securities thereof, the taking of such securities as collateral for loans and the purchase of assets of FIBS or the Banks. Such restrictions prevent FIBS and the Banks from borrowing from the Banks unless the loans are secured by marketable obligations or other acceptable collateral of designated amounts. Further, such secured loans and investments by the Banks to or in FIBS are limited to 10% of the respective Bank's capital stock and surplus (as defined by federal regulations) and such secured loans and investments are limited, in the aggregate, to 20% of the respective Bank's capital stock and surplus (as defined by federal regulations). Additional restrictions on transactions may be imposed on the Banks by state or federal regulations including under the prompt corrective action provisions of federal law. See "Prompt Corrective Action and Other Enforcement Mechanisms" herein. COMMON LIABILITY Under federal law, a depository institution insured by the FDIC can be held liable for any loss incurred by, or reasonably expected to be incurred by, the FDIC in connection with the default of a commonly controlled FDIC-insured depository institution or any assistance provided by the FDIC to a commonly controlled FDIC-insured institution in danger of default. These provisions can have the effect of making one Bank responsible for FDIC-insured losses at another Bank. -8- EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION Banking is a business that depends on interest rate differentials. In general, the difference between the interest rate paid by the Banks on their deposits and borrowings and the interest rate received by the Banks on loans extended to their customers and on investment securities comprises a major portion of the Banks' earnings. These rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the control of the Banks. Accordingly, the earnings and potential growth of the Banks are subject to the influence of domestic and foreign economic conditions, including inflation, recession and unemployment. The commercial banking business is not only affected by general economic conditions but is also influenced by the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government and the policies of regulatory agencies, particularly the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve implements national monetary policies (with objectives such as curbing inflation and combating recession) by its open-market operations in United States government securities, by adjusting the required level of reserves for financial institutions subject to the Federal Reserve's reserve requirements and by varying the discount rates applicable to borrowings by depository institutions. The actions of the Federal Reserve in these areas influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and also affect interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. The nature and impact of any future changes in monetary policies cannot be predicted. From time to time, legislation is enacted which has the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities or affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial service providers. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of banks, bank holding companies and other financial service providers are frequently made in Congress, in the Montana and Wyoming legislatures and before various bank regulatory and other professional agencies. The likelihood of any major legislative changes and the impact such changes might have on FIBS or the Banks are impossible to predict. CAPITAL STANDARDS The Federal Reserve and the FDIC have adopted risk-based minimum capital guidelines intended to provide a measure of capital that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization's operations for transactions reported on the balance sheet as both assets and transactions, such as letters of credit and recourse arrangements. Under these guidelines, nominal dollar amounts of assets and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet items are multiplied by one of several risk adjustment percentages, which range from 0% for assets with low credit risk, such as certain U.S. Treasury securities, to 100% for assets with high credit risk, such as commercial loans. A banking organization's risk-based capital ratios are obtained by dividing its qualifying capital by its total risk-adjusted assets. The regulators measure risk-adjusted assets, which include off-balance sheet items, against both total qualifying capital (the sum of Tier 1 capital and limited amounts of Tier 2 capital (both as defined herein)) and Tier 1 capital. The Company's "Tier 1 capital" consists of: (i) common stockholders' equity and retained earnings; (ii) noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, if any; (iii) mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust, if any; and (iv) minority interests in certain subsidiaries, less goodwill. The Company's "Tier 2 capital" consists of: (i) a limited amount of allowance for loan losses ("ALL"); and (ii) term subordinated debt. The inclusion of elements of Tier 2 capital is subject to certain other requirements and limitations of the federal banking agencies. The federal banking agencies require a minimum ratio of qualifying total capital to risk-adjusted assets of 8% and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-adjusted assets of 4%. Federally supervised banks are currently required to report deferred tax assets in accordance with SFAS No. 109. The federal banking agencies issued final rules governing banks and bank holding companies, which became effective April 1, 1995 and which limit the amount of deferred tax assets that are allowable in computing an institution's regulatory capital. Deferred tax assets that can be realized for taxes paid in prior carryback years and from future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences are generally not limited. Deferred tax assets that can only be realized through future taxable earnings are limited for regulatory capital purposes to the lesser of (i) the amount that can be realized within one year of the quarter-end report date, based on projected taxable income for that year or (ii) 10% of Tier 1 capital. The amount of any deferred tax in excess of this limit would be excluded from Tier 1 capital and total assets and regulatory capital calculations. -9- In addition to the risked-based guidelines, federal banking regulators require banking organizations to maintain a minimum amount of Tier 1 capital to total assets, referred to as the "leverage ratio." For a banking organization rated in the highest of the five categories used by regulators to rate banking organizations, the minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to total assets must be at least 5%. See "Prompt Corrective Action and Other Enforcement Mechanisms." In addition to the uniform risk-based capital guidelines and leverage ratios that apply across the industry, the regulators have the discretion to set individual minimum capital requirements for specific institutions at rates significantly above the minimum guidelines and ratios. FIBS and the Banks are all rated as Well Capitalized (as defined below). In June 1996, the federal banking agencies adopted a joint agency policy statement to provide guidance on managing interest rate risk. These agencies indicated that the adequacy and effectiveness of a bank's interest rate risk management process and the level of its interest rate exposures are critical factors in the agencies' evaluation of the bank's capital adequacy. A bank with material weaknesses in its risk management process or high levels of exposure relative to its capital will be directed by the agencies to take corrective action. Such actions will include recommendations or directions to raise additional capital, strengthen management expertise, improve management information and measurement systems, reduce levels of exposure, or some combination thereof depending upon the individual institution's circumstances. This policy statement augments the August 1995 regulations adopted by the federal banking agencies which addressed risk-based capital standards for interest rate risk. Future changes in regulations or practices could further reduce the amount of capital recognized for purposes of capital adequacy. Such a change could affect the ability of the Banks to grow and could restrict the amount of profits, if any, available for the payment of dividends. For information concerning the capital ratios of FIBS, see Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Financial Condition-Capital Resources." PROMPT CORRECTIVE ACTION AND OTHER ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS Federal law requires each federal banking agency to take prompt corrective action to resolve problems of insured depository institutions, including, without limitation, those institutions which fall below one or more prescribed minimum capital ratios. In accordance with federal law, each federal banking agency has promulgated regulations defining five categories in which an insured depository institution will be placed, based on the level of its capital ratios. The five categories are "Well Capitalized," "Adequately Capitalized," "Undercapitalized," "Significantly Undercapitalized" and "Critically Undercapitalized." An insured depository institution will be classified in the following categories based, in part, on the capital measures indicated below: WELL CAPITALIZED ADEQUATELY CAPITALIZED Total risk-based capital of at least 10%, Total risk-based capital of at least 8%, Tier 1 risk-based capital of 6%; and Tier 1 risk-based capital of 4%; and Leverage ratio of 5% Leverage ratio of 4% UNDERCAPITALIZED SIGNIFICANTLY UNDERCAPITALIZED Total risk-based capital less than 8%, Total risk-based capital less than 6%, Tier 1 risk-based capital less than 4%; or Tier 1 risk-based capital less than 3%; or Leverage ratio less than 4% Leverage ratio less than 3% CRITICALLY UNDERCAPITALIZED Tangible equity to total assets less than 2%
An institution classified as Well Capitalized, Adequately Capitalized or Undercapitalized may be treated as though it were in the next lower capital category if the appropriate federal banking agency, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that an unsafe or unsound condition or an unsafe or unsound practice warrants such treatment. At each successive lower capital category, an insured depository institution is subject to more restrictions. The federal banking agencies, however, may not treat a Significantly Undercapitalized institution as Critically Undercapitalized unless its capital ratio actually warrants such treatment. -10- Insured depository institutions are prohibited from paying management fees to any controlling persons or, with certain limited exceptions, making capital distributions if after such transaction the institution would be Undercapitalized. If an insured depository institution is Undercapitalized, it will be closely monitored by the appropriate federal banking agency, subject to asset growth restrictions and required to obtain prior regulatory approval for acquisitions, branching and engaging in new lines of business. Any Undercapitalized depository institution must submit an acceptable capital restoration plan to the appropriate federal banking agency within 45 days after receiving or being deemed to have received notice, that the institution is Undercapitalized. The appropriate federal banking agency cannot accept a capital plan unless, among other things, it determines that the plan: (i) specifies: (a) the steps the institution will take to become Adequately Capitalized; (b) the levels of capital to be attained during each year in which the plan will be in effect; (c) how the institution will comply with the applicable restrictions or requirements then in effect of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, as amended ("FDICIA"); and (d) the types and levels of activities in which the institution will engage; (ii) is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institution's capital; and (iii) would not appreciably increase the risk (including credit risk, interest-rate risk and other types of risk) to which the institution is exposed. In addition, each company controlling an Undercapitalized depository institution must guarantee that the institution will comply with the capital plan until the depository institution has been Adequately Capitalized on average during each of four consecutive calendar quarters and must otherwise provide appropriate assurances of performance. The aggregate liability of such guarantee is limited to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5% of the depository institution's total assets at the time the institution became Undercapitalized or (ii) the amount which is necessary to bring the institution into compliance with all capital standards applicable to such institution as of the time the institution fails to comply with its capital restoration plan. Finally, the appropriate federal banking agency may impose any of the additional restrictions or sanctions that it may impose on Significantly Undercapitalized institutions if it determines that such action will further the purpose of the prompt correction action provisions. An insured depository institution that is Significantly Undercapitalized, or is Undercapitalized and fails to submit, or in a material respect to implement, an acceptable capital restoration plan, is subject to additional restrictions and sanctions. These include, among other things: (i) a forced sale of voting shares to raise capital or, if grounds exist for appointment of a receiver or conservator, a forced merger; (ii) restrictions on transactions with affiliates; (iii) further limitations on interest rates paid on deposits; (iv) further restrictions on growth or required shrinkage; (v) modification or termination of specified activities; (vi) replacement of directors or senior executive officers; (vii) prohibitions on the receipt of deposits from correspondent institutions; (viii) restrictions on capital distributions by the holding companies of such institutions; (ix) required divestiture of subsidiaries by the institution; or (x) other restrictions as determined by the appropriate federal banking agency. Although the appropriate federal banking agency has discretion to determine which of the foregoing restrictions or sanctions it will seek to impose, it is required to: (i) force a sale of shares or obligations of the bank, or require the bank to be acquired by or combine with another institution; (ii) impose restrictions on affiliate transactions and (iii) impose restrictions on rates paid on deposits, unless it determines that such actions would not further the purpose of the prompt corrective action provisions. In addition, without the prior written approval of the appropriate federal banking agency, a Significantly Undercapitalized institution may not pay any bonus to its senior executive officers or provide compensation to any of them at a rate that exceeds such officer's average rate of base compensation during the 12 calendar months preceding the month in which the institution became Undercapitalized. Further restrictions and sanctions are required to be imposed on insured depository institutions that are Critically Undercapitalized. For example, a Critically Undercapitalized institution generally would be prohibited from engaging in any material transaction other than in the ordinary course of business without prior regulatory approval and could not, with certain exceptions, make any payment of principal or interest on its subordinated debt beginning 60 days after becoming Critically Undercapitalized. Most importantly, however, except under limited circumstances, the appropriate federal banking agency, not later than 90 days after an insured depository institution becomes Critically Undercapitalized, is required to appoint a conservator or receiver for the institution. The board of directors of an insured depository institution would not be liable to the institution's stockholders or creditors for consenting in good faith to the appointment of a receiver or conservator or to an acquisition or merger as required by the regulator. In addition to measures taken under the prompt corrective action provisions, commercial banking organizations may be subject to potential enforcement actions by the federal regulators for unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their businesses or for violations of any law, rule, regulation or any condition imposed in writing by the agency or any written agreement with the agency. See "Potential Enforcement Actions" herein. -11- SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS STANDARDS Effective July 1995, the federal banking agencies adopted final guidelines establishing standards for safety and soundness, as required by the FDICIA. These standards are designed to identify potential safety and soundness concerns and ensure that action is taken to address those concerns before they pose a risk to the deposit insurance funds. The standards relate to (i) internal controls, information systems and internal audit systems; (ii) loan documentation; (iii) credit underwriting; (iv) asset growth; (v) earnings; and (vi) compensation, fees and benefits. If a federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any of these standards, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard. If the institution fails to submit an acceptable plan within the time allowed by the agency or fails in any material respect to implement an accepted plan, the agency must, by order, require the institution to correct the deficiency. Effective October 1, 1996, the federal banking agencies promulgated safety and soundness regulations and accompanying interagency compliance guidelines on asset quality and earnings standards. These new guidelines provide six standards for establishing and maintaining a system to identify problem assets and prevent those assets from deteriorating. The institution should: (i) conduct periodic asset quality reviews to identify problem assets; (ii) estimate the inherent losses in those assets and establish reserves that are sufficient to absorb estimated losses; (iii) compare problem asset totals to capital; (iv) take appropriate corrective action to resolve problem assets; (v) consider the size and potential risks of material asset concentrations; and (vi) provide periodic asset reports with adequate information for management and the board of directors to assess the level of asset risk. These guidelines also set forth standards for evaluating and monitoring earnings and for ensuring that earnings are sufficient for the maintenance of adequate capital and reserves. If an institution fails to comply with a safety and soundness standard, the appropriate federal banking agency may require the institution to submit a compliance plan. Failure to submit a compliance plan or to implement an accepted plan may result in enforcement action. In December 1993, the federal banking agencies issued an interagency policy statement on the ALL which, among other things, established certain benchmark ratios of loan loss reserves to classified assets. The benchmark set forth by such policy statement is the sum of (a) assets classified loss; (b) 50% of assets classified doubtful; (c) 15% of assets classified substandard; and (d) estimated credit losses on other assets over the upcoming 12 months. This amount is neither a "floor" nor a "safe harbor" level for an institution's ALL. PREMIUMS FOR DEPOSIT INSURANCE The FDIC has adopted final regulations implementing a risk-based premium system required by federal law, which establishes an assessment rate schedule ranging from nothing to 27 cents per $100 of deposits applicable to members of the Bank Insurance Fund ("BIF"). To determine the risk-based assessment for each institution, the FDIC will categorize an institution as Well Capitalized, Adequately Capitalized or Undercapitalized using the same standards used by the FDIC for its prompt corrective action regulations. For purposes of assessing FDIC premiums, an Undercapitalized institution will generally be one that does not meet either a Well Capitalized or an Adequately Capitalized standard. The FDIC will also assign each institution to one of three subgroups based upon reviews by the institution's primary federal or state regulator, statistical analyses of financial statements and other information relevant to evaluating the risk posed by the institution. The three supervisory categories are: financially sound with only a few minor weaknesses ("Group A"), demonstrates weaknesses that could result in significant deterioration ("Group B") and poses a substantial probability of loss ("Group C"). The BIF assessment rates are set forth below for institutions based on their risk-based assessment categorization: Assessment Rates Effective January 1, 1998*
Group A Group B Group C --------------------------------------------------- Well Capitalized 0 3 17 Adequately Capitalized 3 10 24 Undercapitalized 10 24 27
* Assessment figures are expressed in terms of cents per $100 of deposits. -12- The 1996 Budget Act required banks to share in part of the interest payments on the Financing Corporation ("FICO") bonds which were issued to help fund the federal government costs associated with the savings and loan crisis of the late 1980s. Effective January 1, 1998, for FICO payments, BIF-insured institutions, like the Banks, pay 0.64 cents per $100 in domestic deposits. Full pro rata sharing of FICO interest payments takes effect on January 1, 2000. INTERSTATE BANKING AND BRANCHING Under the Banking and Branching Act, a bank holding company may obtain approval under the BHCA to acquire an existing bank located in another state without regard to state law. A bank holding company is not permitted to make such an acquisition if, upon consummation of the acquisition, it would control (a) more than 10% of the total amount of deposits of insured depository institutions in the United States or (b) 30% or more of the deposits in the state in which the bank is located. A state may limit the percentage of total deposits that may be held in that state by any one bank or bank holding company if application of such limitation does not discriminate against out-of-state banks or bank holding companies. An out-of-state bank holding company may not acquire a state bank in existence for less than a minimum length of time that may be prescribed by state law, except that a state may not impose more than a five-year age requirement. The Banking and Branching Act also permits, beginning as of June 1, 1997, mergers of insured banks located in different states and conversion of the branches of the acquired bank into branches of the resulting bank. Each state may permit such combinations earlier than June 1, 1997 and may adopt legislation to prohibit interstate mergers after that date in that state or in other states by that state's banks. The same concentration limits discussed in the preceding paragraph also apply to such mergers. The Banking and Branching Act also permits a national or state bank to establish branches in a state other than its home state if permitted by the laws of that state, subject to the same requirements and conditions as for a merger transaction. On March 20, 1997, the State of Montana enacted legislation which authorizes de novo branching within the state by banks chartered under the laws of the State of Montana. In the same legislation, Montana elected to "opt out" of full interstate branching available under the Banking and Branching Act, thereby precluding interstate branching in Montana until October 1, 2001. Nevertheless, after the foregoing prohibition expires, competition in the Company's market areas could increase significantly. COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT AND FAIR LENDING DEVELOPMENTS The Banks are subject to certain fair lending requirements and reporting obligations involving home mortgage lending operations and Community Reinvestment Act ("CRA") activities. The CRA generally requires the federal banking agencies to evaluate the record of a financial institution in meeting the credit needs of its local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. In addition to substantial penalties and corrective measures that may be required for a violation of certain fair lending laws, the federal banking agencies may take compliance with such laws and CRA into account when regulating and supervising other activities. In May 1995, the federal banking agencies issued final regulations which change the manner in which they measure a bank's compliance with its CRA obligations. The final regulations adopt a performance-based evaluation system which bases CRA ratings on an institution's actual lending, service and investment performance, rather than on the extent to which the institution conducts needs assessments, documents community outreach activities or complies with other procedural requirements. In March 1994, the federal Interagency Task Force on Fair Lending issued a policy statement on discrimination in lending. The policy statement describes the three methods that federal agencies will use to prove discrimination: overt evidence of discrimination, evidence of disparate treatment and evidence of disparate impact. In connection with its assessment of CRA performance, the appropriate bank regulatory agency assigns a rating of "outstanding," "satisfactory," "needs to improve" or "substantial noncompliance." Based on an examination conducted during 1997, FIB Montana and FIB Wyoming were both rated "satisfactory." -13- POTENTIAL ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS Commercial banking organizations, such as the Banks and their institution-affiliated parties, which includes FIBS, may be subject to potential enforcement actions by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC for unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their businesses or for violations of any law, rule, regulation or any condition imposed in writing by the agency or any written agreement with the agency. Enforcement actions may include the imposition of a conservator or receiver, the issuance of a cease-and-desist order that can be judicially enforced, the termination of insurance of deposits (in the case of the Banks), the imposition of civil money penalties, the issuance of directives to increase capital, the issuance of formal and informal agreements, the issuance of removal and prohibition orders against institution affiliated parties and the imposition of restrictions and sanctions under the prompt corrective action provisions of the FDICIA. Additionally, a bank holding company's inability to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary banking organizations could serve as an additional basis for a regulatory action against such bank holding company. Neither FIBS nor the Banks has been subject to any such enforcement actions. NON-BANK SUBSIDIARY During the fourth quarter 1997, the Company formed FIB Capital, a statutory business trust incorporated under Delaware law, with an initial capitalization of $1.2 million. FIB Capital was formed for the exclusive purpose of issuing $40 million of mandatorily redeemable trust preferred securities ("trust preferred securities") and using the proceeds to purchase junior subordinated debentures ("subordinated debentures") issued by FIBS. The Company used proceeds from the issuance of the subordinated debentures to redeem the noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and to reduce revolving term debt. See also "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust" of the financial statements included in Part IV, Item 14. RISK FACTORS ABILITY OF THE COMPANY TO EXECUTE ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY The financial performance and profitability of the Company will depend on its ability to execute its business strategy and manage its possible future growth. Although the Company believes that it has substantially integrated the recently acquired banks into the Company's operations, there can be no assurance that unforeseen issues relating to the assimilation or prior operations of these banks, including the emergence of any material undisclosed liabilities, will not materially adversely affect the Company. In addition, any future acquisitions or other possible future growth may present operating and other problems that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. The Company's financial performance will also depend on the Company's ability to maintain profitable operations through implementation of its strategic vision. Moreover, the Company's future performance is subject to a number of factors beyond its control, including pending and future federal and state banking legislation, regulatory changes, unforeseen litigation outcomes, inflation, lending and deposit rate changes, interest rate fluctuations, increased competition and economic conditions. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue the growth or maintain the level of profitability it has recently experienced. INTEREST RATE RISK Banking companies' earnings depend largely on the relationship between the yield on earning assets, primarily loans and investments, and the cost of funds, primarily deposits and borrowings. This relationship, known as the interest rate spread, is subject to fluctuation and is affected by economic and competitive factors which influence interest rates, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the level of non-performing assets. Fluctuations in interest rates affect the demand of customers for the Company's products and services. The Company is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest-bearing liabilities reprice or mature more slowly or more rapidly or on a different basis than its interest-earning assets. Significant fluctuations in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. -14- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS; LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION The Company's operations are located in Montana and Wyoming. As a result of the geographic concentration of its operations, the Company's results depend largely upon economic conditions in these areas. The Company believes the primary industries in Montana and Wyoming include agriculture, energy, mining, timber processing, tourism, government services, education and medical services. A deterioration in economic conditions in the Company's market areas could adversely impact the quality of the Company's loan portfolio and the demand for its products and services, and accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND MONETARY POLICY The Company and the banking industry are subject to extensive regulation and supervision under federal and state laws and regulations. The restrictions imposed by such laws and regulations limit the manner in which the Company conducts its banking business, undertakes new investments and activities and obtains financing. This regulation is designed primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance funds and consumers and not to benefit holders of the Company's securities. Financial institution regulation has been the subject of significant legislation in recent years and may be the subject of further significant legislation in the future, none of which is in the control of the Company. Significant new laws or changes in, or repeals of, existing laws could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, federal monetary policy, particularly as implemented through the Federal Reserve System, significantly affects credit conditions for the Company, and any unfavorable change in these conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Regulation and Supervision." COMPETITION The banking and financial services business in both Montana and Wyoming is highly competitive. The increasingly competitive environment is a result primarily of changes in regulation, changes in technology and product delivery systems and the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial services providers. The Banks compete for loans, deposits and customers for financial services with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, securities and brokerage companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies, finance companies, money market funds, credit unions and other nonbank financial services providers. Several of these competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization, have greater access to capital markets and offer a broader array of financial services than the Banks. Moreover, the Riegal-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 (the "Banking and Branching Act") has increased competition in the Banks' markets, particularly from larger, multi-state banks. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively in its markets. Furthermore, developments increasing the nature or level of competition could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Competition" and "Regulation and Supervision." DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL The Company's success depends to a significant extent on the management skills of its existing executive officers and directors, many of whom have held officer and director positions with the Company for many years. The loss or unavailability of any of its key executives, including Homer A. Scott, Jr., Chairman of the Board, Thomas W. Scott, President and Chief Executive Officer or Terrill R. Moore, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. See Part III, Item 10, "Directors and Executive Officers of Registrant." CONTROL BY AFFILIATES The directors and executive officers of the Company beneficially own approximately 67.3% of the outstanding common stock of the Company. Many of these directors and executive officers are members of the Scott family, which collectively owns approximately 82.3% of the outstanding common stock. By virtue of such ownership, these affiliates are able to control the election of directors and the determination of the Company's business, including transactions involving any merger, share exchange, sale of assets outside the ordinary course of business and dissolution. -15- ASSET QUALITY A significant source of risk for the Company arises from the possibility that losses will be sustained by the Banks because borrowers, guarantors and related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loans. The Company has adopted underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and credit policies, including the establishment and review of the ALL, that management believes are appropriate to mitigate this risk by assessing the likelihood of nonperformance, tracking loan performance and diversifying the Company's credit portfolio. Such policies and procedures, however, may not prevent unexpected losses that could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Business-Lending Activities." LACK OF TRADING MARKET; MARKET PRICES The common stock of FIBS is not actively traded, and there is no established trading market for the stock. There is only one class of common stock, with 92.8% of the shares subject to contractual transfer restrictions set forth in shareholder agreements and 7.2% held by 13 shareholders without such restrictions. FIBS has the right of first refusal to purchase the restricted stock at the minority appraised value per share based upon the most recent quarterly appraisal available to FIBS less dividends paid. All stock not subject to such restrictions may be sold at a price per share that is acceptable to the shareholder. No trades of unrestricted stock within the past three years are known to FIBS. FIBS has no obligation to purchase unrestricted stock, but has historically purchased such stock in order to reduce the amount of its stock not subject to transfer restrictions. The appraised minority value of the FIBS common stock represents the estimated fair market valuation of a minority block of such stock, taking into account adjustments for the lack of marketability of the stock and other factors. This value does not represent an actual trading price between a willing buyer and seller of the FIBS common stock in an informed, arm's-length transaction. As such, the appraised minority value is only an estimate as of a specific date, and there can be no assurance that such appraisal is an indication of the actual value holders of the FIBS common stock may realize with respect to shares held by them. Moreover, the estimated fair market value of the FIBS common stock may be materially different at any date other than the valuation dates indicated above. FIBS has no obligation, by contract, policy or otherwise to purchase stock from any shareholder desiring to sell, or to create any market for the stock. Historically, it has been the practice of FIBS to repurchase common stock to maintain a shareholder base with restrictions on sale or transfer of the stock. In the last three calendar years (1995-1997) FIBS has redeemed a total of 94,752 shares of common stock, all of which was restricted by the shareholder agreements. FIBS has redeemed the stock at the price determined in accordance with the shareholder agreements. FIBS has no present intention to change its historical practice for redemption of stock, but no assurances can be provided that FIBS will not change or end its practice of redeeming stock. Furthermore, FIBS redemptions of stock are subject to corporate law and regulatory restrictions which could prevent stock redemptions. There is a limited public market for the trust preferred securities. Future trading prices of the trust preferred securities depend on many factors including, among other things, prevailing interest rates, the operating results and financial condition of the Company and the market for similar securities. As a result of the existence of FIBS's right to defer interest payments on or, subject to prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve, shorten the stated maturity of the subordinated debentures, the market price of the trust preferred securities may be more volatile than the market prices of subordinated debentures that are not subject to such optional deferrals or reduction in maturity. There can be no assurance as to the market prices for the trust preferred securities or the subordinated debentures that may be distributed in exchange for the trust preferred securities if the Company exercises its right to dissolve FIB Capital. -16- FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS Certain statements contained in this document including, without limitation, statements containing the words "believes," "anticipates," "expects," and words of similar import, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, the following: general economic and business conditions in those areas in which the Company operates; demographic changes; competition; fluctuations in interest rates; changes in business strategy or development plans; changes in governmental regulation; credit quality; the availability of capital to fund the expected expansion of the Company's business; and other factors referenced in this document, including, without limitation, under the captions "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Given these uncertainties, shareholders, trust security holders and prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The Company disclaims any obligation to update any such factors or to publicly announce the results of any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company is the anchor tenant in a commercial building in which the Company's principal executive offices are located in Billings, Montana. The building is owned by a joint venture partnership in which FIB Montana is one of the two partners, owning a 50% interest in the partnership. The Company and FIB Montana lease space for operations in the building. The Company also leases buildings in which five branches are located. All other branches are located in Company-owned facilities. The Company believes its leased and owned facilities are adequate for its present needs and anticipated future growth. See also "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Premises and Equipment" and "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Commitments and Contingencies" included in Part IV, Item 14. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In the normal course of business, the Company is named or threatened to be named a as defendant in various lawsuits. In the opinion of management, following consultation with legal counsel, the pending lawsuits are without merit or, in the event the plaintiff prevails, the ultimate liability or disposition thereof will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS Not applicable. PART 11 ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS DESCRIPTION OF FIBS CAPITAL STOCK The authorized capital stock of FIBS consists of 20,000,000 shares of common stock without par value, of which 8,030,799 shares were outstanding as of December 31, 1997, and 100,000 shares of preferred stock without par value, none of which were outstanding as of December 31, 1997. COMMON STOCK Each share of the common stock is entitled to one vote in the election of directors and in all other matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election if they choose to do so, subject to the rights of the holders of the preferred stock. Voting for directors is noncumulative. -17- Subject to the preferential rights of any preferred stock that may at the time be outstanding, each share of common stock has an equal and ratable right to receive dividends when, if and as declared by the Board of Directors out of assets legally available therefor. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock will be entitled to share equally and ratably in the assets available for distribution after payments to creditors and to the holders of any preferred stock that may at the time be outstanding. Holders of common stock have no conversion rights or pre-emptive or other rights to subscribe for any additional shares of common stock or for other securities. All outstanding common stock is fully paid and non-assessable. The common stock of FIBS is not actively traded, and there is no established trading market for the stock. There is only one class of common stock, with 92.8% of the shares subject to contractual transfer restrictions set forth in shareholder agreements and 7.2% held by 13 shareholders without such restrictions. FIBS has the right of first refusal to purchase the restricted stock at the minority appraised value per share based on the most recent quarterly appraisal available to FIBS less dividends paid. All stock not subject to such restrictions may be sold at a price per share that is acceptable to the shareholder. Quarter-end minority appraisal values for the past two years, determined by Alex Sheshunoff & Co. Investment Banking are as follows:
Appraised Valuation As Of(1) Minority Value(2) ------------------ ----------------- December 31, 1995 $18.75 March 31, 1996 19.38 June 30, 1996 19.88 September 30, 1996 20.25 December 31, 1996 21.50 March 31, 1997 21.50 June 30, 1997 23.75 September 30, 1997 25.00 December 31, 1997 29.00
(1) Sales of stock between dates at which updated valuations are received are adjusted for cash dividends paid. (2) Prior to dividends. As of December 31, 1997, options for 123,204 shares of the FIBS common stock were outstanding at various exercise prices, ranging from $4.56 to $20.05. The aggregate cash proceeds to be received by FIBS upon exercise of all options outstanding at December 31, 1997 would be $1,568.9, or a weighted average exercise price of $12.73 per share. The book value per share of FIBS common stock as of December 31, 1997 was $18.14. The appraised minority value as of December 31, 1997 was $29.00. The appraised minority value of the FIBS common stock represents the estimated fair market valuation of a minority block of such stock, taking into account adjustments for the lack of marketability of the stock and other factors. This value does not represent an actual trading price between a willing buyer and seller of the FIBS common stock in an informed, arm's-length transaction. As such, the appraised minority value is only an estimate as of a specific date, and there can be no assurance that such appraisal is an indication of the actual value holders of the FIBS common stock may realize with respect to shares held by them. Moreover, the estimated fair market value of the FIBS common stock may be materially different at any date other than the valuation dates indicated above. Resale of FIBS stock may be restricted pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 and applicable state securities laws. In addition, most shares of FIBS stock are subject to one of two shareholders' agreements. Members of the Scott family, as majority shareholders of FIBS, are subject to a shareholder's agreement ("Scott Agreement"). The Scott family, under the Scott Agreement, has agreed to limit the transfer of shares owned by members of the Scott family to family members or charities, or with FIBS's approval, to the Company's officers, directors, advisory directors, or to the Savings Plan. -18- Shareholders of the Company who are not Scott family members, with the exception of 13 shareholders who own an aggregate of 580,284 shares of unrestricted stock, are subject to a shareholder's agreement ("Shareholder's Agreement"). The Shareholder's Agreement grants FIBS the option to purchase the stock in any of the following events: 1) the shareholder's intention to sell the stock, 2) the shareholder's death, 3) transfer of the stock by operation of law, 4) termination of the shareholder's status as a director, officer or employee of the Company, and 5) total disability of the shareholder. Stock subject to the Shareholder's Agreement may not be sold or transferred by the shareholder without triggering FIBS's option to acquire the stock in accordance with the terms of the Shareholder's Agreement. In addition, the Shareholder's Agreement allows FIBS to repurchase any of the FIBS stock acquired by the shareholder after January 1, 1994 if FIBS determines that the number of shares owned by the shareholder is excessive in view of a number of factors including but not limited to (a) the relative contribution of the shareholder to the economic performance of the Company, (b) the effort being put forth by the shareholder, and (c) the level of responsibility of the shareholder. Purchases of FIBS common stock made through FIBS's Savings Plan are not restricted by the Shareholder's Agreement, due to requirements of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code. However, since the Savings Plan does not allow distributions "in kind," any distributions from an employee's account in the Savings Plan will allow, and may require, the Savings Plan trustee to sell the FIBS stock. While FIBS has no obligation to repurchase the stock, it is possible that FIBS will repurchase FIBS stock sold out of the Savings Plan. Any such repurchases would be upon terms set by the Savings Plan trustee and accepted by FIBS. There are 400 record shareholders of FIBS as of December 31, 1997, including the Company's Savings Plan as trustee for shares held on behalf of 586 individual participants in the plan. 221 individuals in the Savings Plan also own shares of FIBS stock outside of the Plan. The Plan is administered by the Trust Department of FIB Montana, which votes the shares based on the instructions of each participant. In the event the participant does not provide the Trustee with instructions, the Trustee will vote those shares in accordance with voting instructions received from a majority of the participants in the Plan. DIVIDENDS It is the policy of FIBS to pay a dividend to all common shareholders quarterly. Dividends are declared and paid in the month following the calendar quarter and the amount has historically been determined based upon a percentage of net income for the calendar quarter immediately preceding the dividend payment date. Effective with the dividend for the fourth quarter of 1995 paid in January 1996, the dividend has been 30% of quarterly net income. The Board of Directors of FIBS has no current intention to change its dividend policy, but no assurance can be given that the Board may not, in the future, change or eliminate the payment of dividends. Historical quarterly dividends for 1996 and 1997 are as follows:
Month Declared Amount Total Cash Quarter and Paid Per Share Dividend ---------------- ------------ --------- ----------- 1st quarter 1996 April 1996 $ .21 $ 1,572,131 2nd quarter 1996 July 1996 .19 1,505,941 3rd quarter 1996 October 1996 .20 1,564,878 4th quarter 1996 January 1997 .22 1,721,584 1st quarter 1997 April 1997 .25 1,934,003 2nd quarter 1997 July 1997 .25 1,991,274 3rd quarter 1997 October 1997 .26 2,089,967 4th quarter 1997 January 1998 .22 1,765,154
Lower quarterly net income during the fourth quarter 1997 resulted in a decrease in dividends paid for that period. Fourth quarter charges against net income consisted primarily of a non-recurring charge related to the establishment of reserves toward prepayments of indirect dealer loans and additional severance accruals. -19- DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS The holders of common stock will be entitled to dividends when, as and if declared by FIBS's Board of Directors out of funds legally available therefor. Under the Company's revolving term loan, the Company is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends to common stockholders in excess of 33% of net income for the immediately preceding year. The Company has also agreed that the Banks will maintain ratios of tangible primary capital to tangible primary assets not less than the ratios required by regulators or applicable law or regulation, and that the Banks will at all times maintain capital at adequately capitalized levels. The loan restrictions limit the funds available for the payment of dividends from the Banks to FIBS and from FIBS to its stockholders. Under Montana banking law, FIB Montana may not declare dividends in excess of its net undivided earnings (as defined) less any required transfers to surplus and may not declare a dividend larger than the previous two years' net earnings unless prior notice is given to the Montana Commissioner of Banking and Financial Institutions. As a Federal Reserve member bank, FIB Montana may not, without the consent of the Federal Reserve, declare dividends in a calendar year which, when aggregated with prior dividends in that calendar year, exceed the calendar year net profits of FIB Montana together with retained earnings for the prior two calendar years. Under Wyoming banking law, FIB Wyoming may not declare dividends without meeting surplus fund requirements and may not, without the approval of the Wyoming Banking Commissioner, declare dividends in any one calendar year in excess of its net profits (as defined) in the current year combined with retained net profits of the preceding two years, less any required transfers to surplus or to a fund for the retirement of any preferred stock. In addition, federal regulatory agencies (e.g., the FDIC and Federal Reserve) have authority to prohibit a bank under their supervision from engaging in practices which, in the opinion of the particular federal regulatory agency, are unsafe or unsound or constitute violations of applicable law. For example, depending upon the financial condition of a bank in question and other factors, the appropriate federal regulatory agency could determine that the payment of dividends might under some circumstances constitute an unsafe and unsound practice. Moreover, each federal regulatory agency has established guidelines for the maintenance of appropriate levels of capital for a bank under its supervision. Compliance with the standards set forth in such guidelines could limit the amount of dividends which FIBS or any of the Banks could pay. See Part I, Item 1, "Regulation and Supervision." PREFERRED STOCK The authorized capital stock of FIBS includes 100,000 shares of preferred stock. FIBS's Board of Directors is authorized, without approval of the holders of Common Stock, to provide for the issuance of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series in such number and with such designations, preferences, powers and other special rights as may be stated in the resolution or resolutions providing for such preferred stock. FIBS's Board of Directors may cause FIBS to issue preferred stock with voting, conversion and other rights that could adversely affect the holders of the common stock or make it more difficult to effect a change of control of the Company. In the event of any dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of FIBS, before any distribution or payment may be made to the holders of common stock, the holders of preferred stock would be entitled to be paid in full with the respective amounts fixed by FIBS's Board of Directors in the resolution or resolutions authorizing the issuance of such series, together with a sum equal to the accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to the date fixed for such distribution or payment. After payment in full of the amount which the holders of preferred stock are entitled to receive, the remaining assets of FIBS would be distributed ratably to the holders of the common stock. If the assets available are not sufficient to pay in full the amount so payable to the holders of all outstanding preferred stock, the holders of all series of such shares would share ratably in any distribution of assets in proportion to the full amounts to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled. The consolidation or merger of FIBS into or with any other corporation or corporations would not be deemed a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of FIBS. SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES During 1997, the Company issued 12,232 unregistered shares of its common stock to nine employees exercising stock options. Exercise prices ranged from $4.56 to $20.05 with an average exercise price of $5.83. These sales were made pursuant to the exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. For additional information regarding stock options, see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Employee Benefit Plans" included in Part IV, Item 14. -20- ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The following selected consolidated financial data with respect to the Company's consolidated financial position as of December 31, 1997, and 1996 and its results of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, and 1995, has been derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company included in Part IV, Item 14, which have been audited by KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, independent certified public accountants. This data should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and such consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto. FIVE YEAR SUMMARY (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
Years ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING DATA: Interest income $ 165,808 117,925 98,970 80,230 77,154 Interest expense 72,663 50,019 41,946 28,451 27,078 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net interest income 93,145 67,906 57,024 51,779 50,076 Provision for loan losses 4,240 3,844 1,629 1,344 1,345 Net interest income after provision for loan losses 88,905 64,062 55,395 50,4354 48,731 Other operating income 26,846 23,927 18,764 16,3871 15,724 Other operating expenses 74,166 53,395 45,978 41,227 39,686 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income before income taxes 41,585 34,594 28,181 25,595 24,769 Income tax expense 15,730 13,351 10,844 9,861 9,321 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 15,734 15,448 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income applicable to common stock $ 24,401 20,818 17,337 15,734 15,448 Basic earnings per common share 3.07 2.65 2.22 2.01 1.96 Diluted earnings per common share(1) 3.05 2.64 2.21 2.00 1.96 Dividends per common share 0.98 0.78 0.48 0.40 0.34 Weighted average common shares outstanding 7,987,921 7,881,024 7,843,644 7,850,188 7,891,160 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPERATING RATIOS: Return on average assets 1.22% 1.41 1.39 1.44 1.50 Return on average common stockholders' equity 18.12% 17.84 16.98 17.64 19.97 Average stockholders' equity to average assets 7.17% 8.08 8.20 8.15 7.52 Net interest margin 5.00% 5.15 5.19 5.34 5.51 Net interest spread 4.32% 4.47 4.45 4.76 4.98 Common stock dividend payout ratio(2) 32.13% 29.17 21.72 20.00 17.35 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(3): Excluding interest on deposits 4.94x 8.74x 9.50x 12.34x 30.66x Including interest on deposits 1.55x 1.68x 1.66x 1.87x 1.91x - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-21- FIVE YEAR SUMMARY (CONTINUED) (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
As of December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCE SHEET DATA: Total assets $2,234,764 2,063,837 1,351,215 1,134,105 1,097,469 Loans 1,470,414 1,375,479 870,378 751,518 667,385 Allowance for loan losses 28,180 27,797 15,171 13,726 13,373 Investment securities 425,603 403,571 258,737 251,745 249,754 Deposits 1,805,006 1,679,424 1,099,069 939,857 936,793 Long-term debt 31,526 64,667 15,867 5,449 6,853 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 40,000 - - - - Stockholders' equity 145,667 146,061 109,366 95,272 84,163 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSET QUALITY RATIOS: Nonperforming assets to total loans and OREO(4) 1.15% 1.20 0.97 0.94 1.44 Allowance for loan losses to total loans 1.92% 2.02 1.74 1.83 2.00 Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans(5) 181.99% 185.10 213.74 259.62 205.49 Net charge-offs to average loans 0.27% 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.15 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS: Tier 1 risk-based capital 9.67% 7.35 10.40 11.32 10.96 Total risk-based capital 12.19% 9.98 11.65 12.58 12.22 Leverage ratio 6.94% 5.28 7.28 8.12 7.28 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Diluted earnings per common share represent the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the period and to each share that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares for all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period pursuant to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 128. (2) Dividends per common share divided by net income per common share. (3) For purposes of computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings represents income before income taxes and fixed charges. Fixed charges represent interest expense and preferred stock dividends. Deposits include interest-bearing deposits and repurchase agreements. Without including preferred stock dividends in fixed charges and excluding interest on deposits, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 were 5.87x and 9.91x, respectively. Without including preferred stock dividends in fixed charges and including interest on deposits, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 were 1.57x and 1.68x, respectively. (4) For purposes of computing the ratio of non-performing assets to total loans and other real estate owned ("OREO"), non-performing assets include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing, restructured debt and other real estate owned. (5) For purposes of computing the ratio of allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans, non-performing loans include non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing and restructured debt. -22- ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW The following discussion and analysis is intended to provide greater details of the results of operations and financial condition of the Company. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information under Part II, Item 6, "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and the Company's consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, and other financial data appearing elsewhere in this document. Certain statements included in the following discussion constitute "forward-looking statements" which involve various risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, without limitation, the ability of the Company to execute its business strategy, interest rate risk, economic conditions, government regulation, competition and asset quality. For additional information concerning these and other factors, see Part I, Item 1, "Business - Risk Factors." The Company, through the Banks, operates 32 banking offices in 23 communities throughout Montana and Wyoming. The Company's income is derived primarily from the net interest income and other operating income. Net interest income consists of the excess of interest income, received primarily on customer loans and investment securities, over interest expense, paid principally on customer deposits and indebtedness. Other operating income primarily includes service charges on deposit accounts, data processing fees and income from fiduciary activities. The Company has continued to increase earnings during the periods reported herein while expanding its operations. A majority of the Company's growth in recent years has resulted from acquisitions of other banks. In October 1996, the Company acquired First Interstate Bank of Montana, N.A. and First Interstate Bank of Wyoming, N.A., which collectively included six branch banks (the "FIBNA Banks"). In December 1996, the Company acquired Mountain Bank of Whitefish ("FIB Whitefish"), which included two branch locations. Immediately prior to the acquisitions, the FIBNA Banks had assets of $553.2 million and deposits of $423.9 million, and FIB Whitefish had assets of $66.9 million and deposits of $54.4 million. Prior to the acquisition, the FIBNA Banks were operated as branch locations without independent administrative support, data processing and other required services. In connection with the acquisition, the Company increased its staffing at both the holding company and branch levels to provide the administrative, data processing and other operational support to facilitate integration and operation of such banks. The acquisitions of the FIBNA Banks and FIB Whitefish (collectively, the "Acquired Banks") were accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Amortization of goodwill resulting from the acquisitions totaled approximately $1.8 million in 1997. The Company believes that the Acquired Banks have been substantially integrated into the Company's operations. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The Company's increased earnings and expansion of operations have been effected through a successful combination of acquisitions and internal growth. The internal growth experienced by the Company is reflected by an increased volume of customer loans and deposits, without giving effect to such acquisitions. The Company's internal growth has largely been accomplished through its effective offering and promotion of competitively priced products and services. Net income increased 21.7% to $25.9 million in 1997 from $21.2 million in 1996. This increase resulted from internal growth and earnings provided by the Acquired Banks. Net income increased 22.5% to $21.2 million in 1996 from $17.3 million in 1995, due principally to internal growth. Net income during the fourth quarter 1997 decreased 17.1% from the third quarter. This decrease resulted from fourth quarter charges including a non-recurring charge related to the establishment of reserves toward prepayment of indirect dealer loans and additional severance accruals. NET INTEREST INCOME Net interest income is the largest source of the Company's operating income. As discussed above, net interest income is derived from interest, dividends and fees received from interest-earning assets, less interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest earning assets primarily include loans and investment securities. Interest-bearing liabilities primarily include deposits and various forms of indebtedness. - 23 - Net interest income increased 37.2% to $93.1 million from $67.9 million in 1996. This increase resulted primarily from the incremental net interest income provided by the Acquired Banks. Net interest income increased 19.1% to $67.9 million in 1996 from $57.0 million in 1995. This increase resulted primarily from the Acquired Banks and from a higher volume of loans due to internal growth. The following table presents, for the periods indicated, condensed average balance sheet information for the Company, together with interest income and yields earned on average interest-earning assets, and interest expense and rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities. Average balances are averaged daily balances. AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS, YIELDS AND RATES
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Years Ended December 31, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1997 1996 1995 --------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------- Average Average Average Average Average Average (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest-earning assets: Loans(1) $1,441,800 140,299 9.73% $1,014,901 100,039 9.86% $ 837,288 83,735 10.00% U.S. and agencies securities 345,771 20,481 5.92 244,314 13,951 5.71 199,750 11,278 5.65 Federal funds sold 39,936 2,210 5.53 25,462 1,342 5.27 36,665 2,095 5.71 Other securities 23,302 1,467 6.30 21,868 1,392 6.37 13,904 864 6.21 Tax exempt securities(2) 21,253 1,737 8.17 19,100 1,575 8.25 15,704 1,230 7.83 Interest-bearing deposits in banks 7,491 448 5.98 6,555 376 5.74 6,276 372 5.93 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest-earning assets 1,879,553 166,642 8.87 1,332,200 118,675 8.91 1,109,587 99,574 8.97 Noninterest-earning assets 235,941 173,888 134,912 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets $2,115,494 $1,506,088 $1,244,499 ========================================================================================================================= INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES: Demand deposits $ 304,511 6,369 2.09% $ 210,153 4,489 2.14% $ 171,933 4,248 2.47% Savings deposits 417,352 16,021 3.84 301,003 11,305 3.76 264,198 9,917 3.75 Time deposits 626,925 35,739 5.70 464,712 26,328 5.67 380,117 21,733 5.72 Borrowings(3) 184,605 8,846 4.79 126,135 5,869 4.65 97,799 4,866 4.98 Long-term debt 56,197 5,165 9.19 23,760 2,028 8.54 13,147 1,182 8.99 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 5,808 523 9.00 - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest-bearing liabilities and trust preferred securities 1,595,398 72,663 4.55 1,125,763 50,019 4.44 927,194 41,946 4.52 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Noninterest-bearing deposits 345,372 242,117 203,258 Other noninterest-bearing liabilities 22,994 16,487 11,961 Stockholders' equity 151,730 121,721 102,086 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $2,115,494 $1,506,088 $1,244,499 ========================================================================================================================= Net interest income $93,979 $68,656 $57,628 Interest rate spread 4.32% 4.47% 4.45% Contribution of interest free funds 0.68 0.68 0.74 Net yield on interest-earning assets(4) 5.00 5.15 5.19 Less FTE adjustments 834 750 604 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net interest income per consolidated statements of income $93,145 $67,906 $57,024 =========================================================================================================================
(1) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans. Loan fees included in interest income were $6.1 million, $5.0 million and $4.1 million for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. (2) Interest income and average rates for tax exempt securities are presented on a fully-taxable equivalent basis. (3) Includes interest on Federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds. Excludes long-term debt. (4) Net yield on interest-earning assets during the period equals (i) the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets and the interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and trust preferred securities, divided by (ii) average interest-earning assets for the period. - 24 - The most significant impact on the Company's net interest income between periods is derived from the interaction of changes in the volume of and rates earned or paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The volume of loans, investment securities and other interest-earning assets, compared to the volume of interest-bearing deposits and indebtedness, combined with the spread, produces the changes in the net interest income between periods. The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from estimated changes in average asset and liability balances (volume) and estimated changes in average interest rates (rate). Changes which are not due solely to volume or rate have been allocated to these categories based on the respective percent changes in average volume and average rate as they compare to each other. ANALYSIS OF INTEREST CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME AND RATES
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Year ended December 31, 1997 December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995 compared with compared with compared with December 31, 1996 December 31, 1995 December 31, 1994 favorable (unfavorable) favorable (unfavorable) favorable (unfavorable) ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net Volume Rate Net - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS: Loans(1) $41,541 (1,281) 40,260 17,761 (1,457) 16,304 12,291 5,509 17,800 U.S. and agencies 6,010 520 6,530 2,518 155 2,673 (993) 418 (575) Federal funds sold 801 67 868 (640) (113) (753) 369 533 902 Other securities 90 (15) 75 495 33 528 96 (158) (62) Tax exempt securities(1) 176 (14) 162 65 280 345 115 593 708 Interest-bearing deposits in banks 56 16 72 17 (13) 4 127 95 222 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 48,674 (707) 47,967 20,216 (1,115) 19,101 12,005 6,990 18,995 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES: Demand deposits 1,974 (94) 1,880 944 (703) 241 184 577 761 Savings deposits 4,466 250 4,716 1,469 (81) 1,388 (23) 1,869 1,846 Time deposits 9,247 164 9,411 4,647 (52) 4,595 3,320 4,725 8,045 Borrowings(2) 2,802 175 2,977 1,318 (315) 1,003 1,267 908 2,175 Long-term debt 2,981 156 3,137 906 (60) 846 625 43 668 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 523 - 523 - - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest expense 21,993 651 22,644 9,284 (1,211) 8,073 5,373 8,122 13,495 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Increase (decrease) in net interest income $26,681 (1,358) 25,323 10,932 96 11,028 6,632 (1,132) 5,500 ===================================================================================================================
(1) Interest income and average rates for tax exempt loans and securities are presented on a fully-taxable equivalent basis. (2) Includes interest on Federal funds purchased, securities sold under repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds. Interest income increased 40.6% to $165.8 million in 1997 from $117.9 million in 1996. This increase was due primarily to the significant increase in loans, principally due to the Acquired Banks. The yield on average interest-earning assets during 1997 was 8.87% compared to 8.91% during 1996. In 1996, interest income increased 19.2% to $117.9 million from $99.0 million in 1995. This increase resulted primarily from the Acquired Banks, offset by a slight decrease of six basis points in the yield on average interest-earning assets from 8.97% in 1995 to 8.91% in 1996. Customer loan fees, included in interest income, increased 22.0% to $6.1 million in 1997 from $5.0 million in 1996 due to loan fees generated by the Acquired Banks. Loan fees increased 23.5% to $5.0 million in 1996 from $4.1 million in 1995. The most significant increases from 1995 to 1996 were in commercial, consumer and real estate loan fees. - 25 - Interest expense increased 45.3% to $72.7 million during 1997 from $50.0 million in 1996. This increase was due primarily to the customer deposits and indebtedness incurred in connection with the Acquired Banks. The rate on average interest-bearing liabilities and trust preferred securities of 4.55% in 1997 increased 11 basis points from 4.44% in 1996. Interest expense increased 19.2% to $50.0 million in 1996 from $41.9 million in 1995. The increase resulted primarily from the customer deposits and indebtedness incurred with respect to the Acquired Banks, offset in part by a slight decrease of eight basis points in the rate on average interest-bearing liabilities from 4.52% in 1995 to 4.44% in 1996. PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES The provision for loan losses creates an allowance for future loan losses. The loan loss provision for each year is dependent on many factors, including loan growth, net charge-offs, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, delinquencies, management's assessment of the quality of the loan portfolio, the value of the underlying collateral on problem loans and the general economic conditions in the Company's markets. The Company performs a quarterly assessment of the risk inherent in its loan portfolio, as well as a detailed review of each asset determined to have identified weaknesses. Based on this analysis, which includes reviewing historical loss trends, current economic conditions, industry concentrations and specific reviews of assets classified with identified weaknesses, the Company makes provisions for potential loan losses. Specific allocations are made for loans where the probability of a loss can be defined and reasonably determined, while the balance of the provisions for loan losses are based on historical data, delinquency trends, economic conditions in the Company's markets and industry averages. Annual fluctuation in the provision for loan losses result from management's assessment of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, and ultimate loan losses may vary from current estimates. The provision for loan losses increased 10.3% to $4.2 million in 1997 from $3.8 million in 1996. The increase resulted from higher loan volumes resulting from the 1996 acquisitions. The provision for loan losses increased 136.0% to $3.8 million in 1996 from $1.6 million in 1995. Of the increase, approximately $500,000 was associated with the Acquired Banks. The remaining increase of $1.7 million was due principally to higher loan volumes and an increase in non-performing and classified assets. Non-performing loans, comprised of non-accrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 days or more and restructured loans, increased only slightly to 1.1% of loans outstanding at December 31, 1996 from 0.8% at December 31, 1995. OTHER OPERATING INCOME The principal sources of other operating income include service charges on deposit accounts, data processing fees, income from fiduciary activities, comprised principally of fees earned on trust assets, and other service charges, commissions and fees. Other operating income increased 12.2% to $26.8 million in 1997 from $23.9 million in 1996. This increase was attributable primarily to income provided by the Acquired Banks. Without giving effect to the Acquired Banks, operating income from each of the four principal categories except other service charges showed increases in 1997 over 1996. These increases, however, were partially offset by one-time accounting adjustments, primarily with respect to data processing fees, made in January 1996. Increases in other operating income from 1996 to 1997 and from 1995 to 1996 were a function of changes in each of the principal categories, as discussed below. Service charges on deposit accounts increased 27.1% to $9.9 million in 1997 from $7.8 million in 1996 and 18.7% to $7.8 million in 1996 from $6.5 million in 1995. Of these increases, approximately $740,000 in 1997 and $563,000 in 1996 were attributable to the Acquired Banks, with the remainder resulting primarily from increased overdraft fees. As discussed above, increases in operating income from data processing services for 1997 compared to the 1996 were mostly offset as a result of non-recurring accounting adjustments of $300,000 made in January 1996. The Company serviced 630 locations in its ATM network at December 31, 1997 compared to 477 locations at December 31, 1996. Data processing fees increased 18.2% to $7.3 million in 1996 from $6.2 million in 1995 due primarily to a greater number of data processing customers using the Company's ATM network and a corresponding increase in transaction volumes. Since 1995, the Company's network expanded from 216 ATM locations at December 31, 1994 to 343 locations at year-end 1995, 477 locations at year-end 1996, and to 630 locations at year-end 1997. Although continued expansion of the Company's ATM network and increases in data processing fees are expected to continue, the Company does not expect to continue the rate of growth experienced in 1995, 1996 and 1997. There were no increases in basic charges for data processing services in 1997, 1996 or 1995. - 26 - Revenues from fiduciary activities increased 29.2% to $4.1 million in 1997 from $3.2 million in 1996 and 20.7% to $3.2 million in 1996 from $2.6 million in 1995. Of these increases, approximately $889,000 in 1997 and $243,000 in 1996 were attributable to trust services provided by the Acquired Banks, with the remainder resulting from increases in the value of assets under trust management. In addition to the principal categories discussed above, other income decreased 41.3% to $1.7 million in 1997 from $2.8 million in 1996 and increased 217.0% to $2.8 million in 1996 from $888,000 in 1995. The increase in 1996 and decrease in 1997 was primarily attributable to the sale of certain merchant credit card processing assets at a gain of $1.4 million in 1996. The sale included alignment with a third-party credit card processing provider that has enhanced the Company's ability to compete in this highly specialized area. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES Other operating expenses increased 38.8% to $74.1 million in 1997 from $53.4 in 1996. This increase resulted primarily from both direct and indirect expenses attributable to the Acquired Banks. Direct expenses totaled approximately $16.1 million in 1997. A significant portion of the remaining increase was due to various indirect expenses associated with the Company's need to increase its data processing support and other operational services to the FIBNA Banks which had been previously operated as dependent branch offices prior to their acquisition by the Company. The increases in administrative personnel and other resources to provide such support and services were necessary to facilitate integration of such banks into the Company's operations. In addition, goodwill associated with the acquisition of the Acquired Banks resulted in increased amortization expense of approximately $1.8 million in 1997. In 1996, other operating expenses increased 16.1% to $53.4 million from $46.0 million in 1995. Of this increase, approximately $6.3 million was attributable to direct and indirect expenses resulting from the Acquired Banks and acquisitions in 1995. Increases in salaries, wages and benefits from 1996 to 1997 and from 1995 to 1996 were due primarily to the direct and indirect expense attributable to the bank acquisitions, as discussed above. The indirect expenses were related particularly to the Company's data processing division and bank operation centers. The remainder of the increases in salaries, wages and benefits during these periods were principally inflationary in nature. Given the Company's increasing data processing and transaction volumes, together with the expansion of its ATM network, employee and related compensation expenses are expected to continue to increase, but at a slower rate than has been experienced over the periods presented. Occupancy and furniture and equipment expenses have increased over the periods primarily as a result of the additional facilities associated with the bank acquisitions, the expansion of the ATM network and additional equipment used in the data processing division. Furthermore, these expenses have increased due to higher depreciation, maintenance and other costs related to the foregoing items and various other computer hardware and software, including upgrades, used in the Company's operations. FDIC deposit insurance premiums increased to $206,000 in 1997 from $5,000 in 1996. This increase resulted from an increase in FDIC FICO bond assessment effective January 1, 1997. The significant decreases in premiums from 1995 to 1996 were due to a substantial FDIC rate reduction in 1996. The FDIC rates reflect the Company's "well-capitalized" rating by the FDIC. OREO losses, including provisions for losses on OREO, are included net of any gains on sales of OREO. Variations in net OREO expense during the periods resulted principally from fluctuations in such gains. These gains are anticipated to decline as the number and value of OREO properties decrease. OREO expense is directly related to prevailing economic conditions, and such expense could increase significantly should an unfavorable shift occur in the economic conditions of the Company's markets. Other expenses primarily include advertising and public relations costs, legal, audit and other professional fees, and office supply, postage and telephone expenses. Other expenses increased in 1997 over 1996 as a result of the direct and indirect costs associated with the Acquired Banks. Exclusive of these costs, during 1997 compared to 1996, other expenses increased (i) approximately $484,000 due principally to consulting fees associated with revision of the Company's employee job evaluation system and accruals for financial planning activities, and (ii) approximately $319,000 due to additional accruals for the increased value of stock appreciation rights resulting from a 23% increase in the appraised value of the Company's Common Stock during 1997. The increases in other expenses from 1995 to 1997 were due primarily to the direct and indirect costs related to the Acquired Banks and bank acquisitions in 1995. - 27 - INCOME TAX EXPENSE The Company's effective federal tax rate was 33.3%, 33.3%, and 33.1% for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. State income tax applies only to pretax earnings of entities operating within Montana. The Company's effective state tax rate was 4.5%, 5.3%, and 5.4% for years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Pretax earnings subject to Montana state income tax decreased to approximately 57% of consolidated pretax earnings in 1997 from approximately 67% of consolidated pretax earnings in 1996 resulting in a lower effective state tax rate. FINANCIAL CONDITION Total assets increased 8.3% to $2,235 million as of December 31, 1997 from $2,064 million as of December 31, 1996. This increase resulted primarily from internal growth in the Company's loan portfolio funded by increases in repurchase agreements and deposits. Total assets increased 52.7% to $2,064 million as of December 31, 1996 from $1,351.2 million as of December 31, 1995. This increase was due principally to the significant increases in loans and investment securities provided by the bank acquisitions in 1995, funded by growth in deposits and increases in indebtedness. LOANS Total loans increased 6.9% to $1,470 million as of December 31, 1997 from $1,375 million as of December 31, 1996. As shown below, all categories of loans except real estate loans showed increases in volumes during this period due to continued strong economic conditions in the Company's markets and internal growth resulting from the Company's marketing activities. The growth in loans during 1997 was slightly lower than the growth rate during 1996 due primarily to a slowing in the growth of consumer and real estate loans. As of December 31, 1996, total loans increased 58.0% to $1,375 million from $870 million as of December 31, 1995. This increase was attributable to the growth in the loan portfolio provided by the Acquired Banks, and to a lesser extent, internal growth which reflected continued favorable economic conditions. The Company's loan portfolio consists of a mix of commercial, consumer, real estate, agricultural and other loans, including fixed and variable rate loans. Fluctuations in the loan portfolio are directly related to the economies of the communities served by the Company. Thus, the Company's borrowers could be adversely impacted by a downturn in these sectors of the economy which could have a material adverse effect on the borrowers' abilities to repay their loans. The following tables present the composition of the Company's loan portfolio as of the dates indicated: LOANS OUTSTANDING
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- As of December 31, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 1997 Percent 1996 Percent 1995 Percent 1994 Percent 1993 Percent - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOANS Commercial $ 526,355 35.8% $ 471,458 34.3% $311,982 35.9% $262,290 34.9% $241,535 36.2% Consumer 505,741 34.4 484,865 35.3 300,711 34.5 277,367 36.9 245,493 36.8 Real estate 268,463 18.3 274,141 19.9 142,097 16.3 112,251 14.9 92,906 13.9 Agricultural 164,046 11.1 143,572 10.4 113,827 13.1 98,194 13.1 85,059 12.7 Other loans 5,809 0.4 1,443 0.1 1,761 0.2 1,416 0.2 2,392 0.4 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total loans 1,470,414 100.0% 1,375,479 100.0% 870,378 100.0% 751,518 100.0% 667,385 100.0% - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Less allowance for loan losses 28,180 27,797 15,171 13,726 13,373 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loans $1,442,234 $1,347,682 $855,207 $737,792 $654,012 ======================================================================================================================= Ratio of allowance to total loans 1.92% 2.02% 1.74% 1.83% 2.00% =======================================================================================================================
- 28 - The following table presents the maturity distribution of the Company's loan portfolio and the sensitivity of the loans to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 1997:
MATURITIES AND INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITIES - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Within One Year to After (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) One Year Five Years Five Years Total - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commercial $ 223,359 220,691 82,305 526,355 Consumer 160,404 305,741 39,596 505,741 Real estate 83,425 92,519 92,519 268,463 Agriculture 108,746 41,380 13,920 164,046 Other loans 5,809 - - 5,809 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 581,743 660,331 228,340 1,470,414 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loans at fixed interest rates $ 270,256 502,627 131,562 904,445 Loans at variable interest rates 301,806 157,704 96,778 556,288 Nonaccrual loans 9,681 - - 9,681 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 581,743 660,331 228,340 1,470,414 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For additional information concerning the Company's loan portfolio and its credit administration policies, see Part I, Item 1, "Business-Lending Activities." INVESTMENT SECURITIES The Company's investment portfolio is managed to result in the highest yield while meeting the Company's liquidity needs and utilizing pledging requirements for deposits of state and political subdivisions and securities sold under repurchase agreements. The portfolio is comprised of U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, tax exempt securities, corporate securities, other mortgage-backed securities, and other equity securities. Federal funds sold are additional investments which are not classified as investment securities. Investment securities classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair market value, while investment securities classified as held-to-maturity are recorded at cost. Unrealized gains or losses, net of the deferred tax effect, are reported as increases or decreases in stockholders' equity for available-for-sale securities. Investment securities increased 5.5% to $426 million as of December 31, 1997 from $404 million as of December 31, 1996 as a result of growth in funding sources exceeding loan growth. Investment securities increased 56.0% to $404 million as of December 31, 1996 from $259 million as of December 31, 1995. This increase resulted from the substantial investment securities held by the Acquired Banks at the time of acquisition. As of December 31, 1997, there were no concentrations of investments greater than 10% of the Company's stockholders' equity in any individual security issuer, other than the U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government agencies. The following table sets forth the book value, percentage of total investment securities and average yield for the Company's investment securities as of December 31, 1997.
SECURITIES MATURITIES AND YIELD - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % of Total Book Investment Average (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Value Securities Yield(1) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. TREASURY SECURITIES Maturing within one year $ 83,148 19.5% 5.59% Maturing in one to five years 154,595 36.3 6.03 Maturing in five to ten years 7,554 1.8 6.08 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 245,297 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 594 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 245,891 57.8 5.88 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-29-
SECURITIES MATURITIES AND YIELD (CONTINUED) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- % of Total Book Investment Average (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Value Securities Yield(1) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCY SECURITIES Maturing within one year $ 24,943 5.9 6.40 Maturing in one to five years 59,253 13.9 6.21 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84,196 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 17 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 84,213 19.8 6.26 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TAX EXEMPT SECURITIES Maturing within one year 4,459 1.0 7.88 Maturing in one to five years 12,240 2.9 7.94 Maturing in five to ten years 7,024 1.7 8.41 Maturing after ten years 1,401 0.3 8.36 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25,124 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 315 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 25,439 6.0 8.08 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CORPORATE SECURITIES Maturing within one year 5,756 1.4% 5.68% Maturing in one to five years 4,835 1.1 6.24 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10,591 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 5 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 10,596 2.5 5.93 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OTHER MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES Maturing within one year 14,339 3.4 6.91 Maturing in one to five years 25,225 5.9 6.87 Maturing in one to five years 2,386 0.6 7.12 Maturing after ten years 7,835 1.8 6.79 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49,785 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 284 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 50,069 11.7 6.88 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equity securities with no stated maturity 9,136 2.2 Mark-to-market adjustments on securities available-for-sale 259 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9,395 2.2 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $425,603 100.0 6.07 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Average yields have been calculated on a fully-taxable basis. For additional information concerning investment securities, see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Investment Securities" included in Part IV, Item 14. DEPOSITS The Company emphasizes developing total client relationships with its customers in order to increase its core deposit base, which is the Company's primary funding source. The Company's deposits consist primarily of the following interest bearing accounts: demand deposits, savings accounts, IRAs and time deposits (CDs). For additional information concerning the Company's deposits, including its use of repurchase agreements, as discussed below, see Part I, Item 1, "Business-Deposits." -30- Deposits increased 7.5% to $1,805 million as of December 31, 1997, as compared to $1,679 million as of December 31, 1996 due to internal growth in 1997. Deposits increased 52.8% to $1,679 million as of December 31, 1996 from $1,099 million as of December 31, 1995. This increase resulted principally from the deposits of the Acquired Banks combined with internal growth. For additional information concerning customer deposits as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Deposits" included in Part IV, Item 14. OTHER BORROWINGS In addition to deposits, the Company also uses repurchase agreements with commercial depositors as significant sources of funding and, on a seasonal basis, federal funds purchased. The following table sets forth certain information regarding these two sources of funding as of the dates indicated:
As of and for the years ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Federal funds purchased: Balance at period end $ 4,025 13,450 3,125 Average balance 28,651 18,687 16,596 Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end 83,185 56,700 27,670 Average interest rate: During the year 5.46% 5.58 6.07 At period end 5.95% 5.61 5.50 Securities sold under repurchase agreements: Balance at period end 176,350 129,137 104,898 Average balance 141,825 101,046 75,252 Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end 176,350 129,137 104,898 Average interest rate: During the year 4.69% 4.46 4.73 At period end 4.61% 4.42 4.85
NON-PERFORMING AND CLASSIFIED ASSETS Federal regulations require that each financial institution classify its assets on a regular basis. Management generally places loans on non-accrual when they become 90 days past due, unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed from income. Loans are charged off when management determines that collection has become unlikely. Restructured loans are those where the Company has granted a concession on the interest paid or original repayment terms due to financial difficulties of the borrower. OREO consists of real property acquired through foreclosure on the related collateral underlying defaulted loans. The following table sets forth information regarding non-performing assets as of the dates indicated:
As of December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Non-performing loans: Nonaccrual loans $ 9,681 6,822 3,632 3,134 3,629 Accruing loans past due 90 days or more 4,883 6,432 1,711 534 1,353 Restructured loans 928 1,763 1,755 1,619 1,526 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total non-performing loans 15,492 15,017 7,098 5,287 6,508 OREO 1,362 1,546 1,349 1,803 3,132 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total non-performing assets 16,854 16,563 8,447 7,090 9,640 - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Non-performing assets to total loans and OREO 1.15% 1.20% 0.97% 0.94% 1.44% - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-31- Non-performing loans increased 3.2% to $15 million as of December 31, 1997 as compared to $15 million as of December 31, 1996 due to slight deteriorations in all market sectors. Non-performing loans increased 111.6% to $15 million at December 31, 1996 from $7 million at December 31, 1995. The increase was due to the non-performing loans held by the Acquired Banks, an increase in the loan portfolio and a slight deterioration in the agricultural and consumer market sector. Approximately $763,000, $405,000, $318,000, $296,000 and $440,000 of gross interest income would have been accrued if all loans on non-accrual had been current in accordance with their original terms for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994 and 1993, respectively. The Company records OREO at the lower of carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Estimated losses that result from the ongoing periodic valuation of these properties are charged to earnings with a provision for losses on foreclosed property in the period in which they are identified. The Company reviews and classifies its loans on a regular basis according to three classifications: "Substandard," "Doubtful" and "Loss." Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. Doubtful loans have the weaknesses of substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans classified as Loss loans are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. The following table sets forth classified loans as of the dates indicated.
As of December 31, 1997 1996 1995 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Substandard $ 34,161 19,994 12,936 Doubtful 2,468 2,321 1,522 Loss 2,584 2,264 2,229 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $ 39,213 24,579 16,687 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Classified loans to total loans 2.67% 1.79% 1.92% Allowance for loan losses to classified loans 71.86% 113.09% 90.92% - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loans classified as substandard increased 70.9% to $34,161 as of December 31, 1997. Approximately $9 million of the increase is the result of downgrading the loans of two agricultural borrowers and three commercial borrowers. The remaining increase is principally due to increases in loan volume, combined with a slight deterioration of the credit quality of consumer loans, which are generally classified as substandard upon becoming 90 days past due. With the exception of these classified loans, management is not aware of any loans as of December 31, 1997 where the known credit problems of the borrowers would cause management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with their present loan repayment terms and which would result in such loans being included in the non-performing asset table above at some future date. Management cannot, however, predict the extent to which economic conditions in the Company's market areas may worsen or the full impact such conditions may have on the Company's loan portfolio. Accordingly, there can be no assurances that other loans will not become 90 days or more past due, be placed on non-accrual status or become restructured loans or OREO in the future. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management's evaluation of risk inherent in its loan portfolio and economic conditions in the Company's market areas. See "Provision for Loan Losses" herein. The allowance is increased by provisions charged against earnings and reduced by net loan charge-offs. Consumer loans are generally charged off when they become 120 days past due. Other loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when they become 180 days past due unless they are well-secured and in the process of collection. Recoveries are generally recorded only when cash payments are received. -32- The following table sets forth information concerning the Company's allowance for loan losses as of the dates and for the years indicated.
As of and for the years ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Balance as of January 1 $ 27,797 15,171 13,726 13,373 12,965 Beginning allowance of acquired banks - 10,553 917 - - Commercial 1,132 1,127 393 398 777 Consumer 5,607 2,384 1,679 1,425 1,035 Real estate 141 27 20 53 20 Agricultural 71 220 25 4 20 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total charge-offs 6,951 3,758 2,117 1,880 1,852 Recoveries: Commercial 732 850 252 299 353 Consumer 1,816 974 557 472 455 Real estate 246 9 119 36 7 Agricultural 300 154 88 82 100 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total recoveries 3,094 1,987 1,016 889 915 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net charge-offs 3,857 1,771 1,101 991 937 Provision for loan losses 4,240 3,844 1,629 1,344 1,345 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance at end of period $ 28,180 27,797 15,171 13,726 13,373 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Period end loans 1,470,414 1,375,479 870,378 751,518 667,385 Average loans 1,441,800 1,014,901 837,288 705,690 641,411 Net charge-offs to average loans 0.27% 0.17% 0.13% 0.14% 0.15% Allowance to period end loans 1.92% 2.02% 1.74% 1.83% 2.00% - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For the year ended December 31, 1997, net charge-offs were $4 million and the provision for loan losses was $4 million. These two line items show increases from prior comparative periods due to the expanded loan portfolio resulting primarily from the Acquired Banks. As of December 31, 1997, the allowance for loan losses was $28.2 million, representing an increase of $383,000 from the allowance as of December 31, 1996. Net charge-offs to average loans were 0.27% in 1997. The increase from prior periods is due primarily to consumer loans. The allowance to period end loans was 1.92% as of December 31, 1997. Management considers changes in the size and character of the loan portfolio, changes in non-performing and past due loans, historical loan loss experience, and the existing and prospective economic conditions when determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Although management believes that the allowance for loan losses is adequate to provide for both potential losses and estimated inherent losses in the portfolio, future provisions will be subject to continuing evaluations of the inherent risk in the portfolio and if the economy declines or asset quality deteriorates, material additional provisions could be required. -33- The following table provides a summary of the allocation of the allowance for loan losses for specific loan categories as of the dates indicated. The allocations presented should not be interpreted as an indication that charges to the allowance for loan losses will be incurred in these amounts or proportions, or that the portion of the allowance allocated to each loan category represents the total amount available for future losses that may occur within these categories. The unallocated portion of the allowance for loan losses and the total allowance is applicable to the entire loan portfolio.
ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) As of December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Allocated % Of Allocated % Of Allocated % Of Allocated % Of Allocated % Of Reserves Loans Reserves Loans Reserves Loans Reserves Loans Reserves Loans - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Commercial $ 870 35.8% $ 594 34.3% $ 789 35.9% $ 791 34.9% $ 896 36.2% Consumer 1,383 34.4 1,280 35.3 1,118 34.5 1,154 36.9 1,007 36.8 Real estate - 18.3 - 19.9 - 16.3 3 14.9 23 13.9 Agricultural 331 11.1 390 10.4 322 13.1 280 13.1 230 12.7 Other loans - 0.4 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.4 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total allocated 2,584 2,264 2,229 2,228 2,156 Unallocated 25,596 25,533 12,942 11,498 11,217 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Totals $ 28,180 100.0% $ 27,797 100.0% $ 15,171 100.0% $ 13,726 100.0% $ 13,373 100.0% - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIQUIDITY AND CASH FLOW The objective of liquidity management is to maintain the Company's ability to meet the day-to-day cash flow requirements of its customers who either wish to withdraw funds or require funds to meet their credit needs. The Company must manage its liquidity position to meet the needs of its customers, while maintaining an appropriate balance between assets and liabilities to meet the return on investment objectives of its stockholders. The Company monitors the sources and uses of funds on a daily basis to maintain an acceptable liquidity position, principally through deposit receipts and repayments; loan originations, extensions and repayments; and management of investment securities. Net cash provided by operating activities, primarily representing net income, totaled $44 million for 1997, $29 million for 1996 and $28 million for 1995. Net cash used for investing activities totaled $155 million for 1997, $105 million for 1996 and $79 million for 1995. The funds used for investing activities primarily represent increases in loans and investments in connection with acquisitions and internal growth for each year reported. The primary financing activities of the Company are deposits, borrowings and capital. The Company's current liquidity position is also supported by the management of its investment portfolio, which provides a structured flow of maturing and reinvestable funds that could be converted to cash, should the need arise. Maturing balances in the Company's loan portfolio also provides options for cash flow management. The ability to redeploy these funds is an important source of immediate to long-term liquidity. Additional sources of liquidity include Federal funds lines, other borrowings and access to the capital markets. As a holding company, FIBS is a corporation separate and apart from the Banks, and therefore, provides for its own liquidity. Substantially all of FIBS's revenues are obtained from management fees, dividends declared and paid by the Banks and net revenues of the data processing division. As of December 31, 1997, the Banks had approximately $16 million available to be paid as dividends to FIBS. There are statutory and regulatory provisions that could limit the ability of the Banks to pay dividends to FIBS. See Part I, Item 1, "Business-Regulation and Supervision." Management of FIBS believes that such restrictions will not have an impact on the ability of FIBS to meet its ongoing cash obligations. As of December 31, 1997, the Company did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures. -34- In connection with the acquisition of the FIB Banks, the Company obtained a revolving term loan and issued subordinated notes and shares of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. The revolving term loan bears interest at variable rates (7.44% weighted average rate as of December 31, 1997) and was issued by a syndicate of banks led by First Security Bank, N.A. The loan expires in December 2003, and is secured by all of the outstanding capital stock of the Banks. The available borrowing amount under the loan is reduced by $2 million on a semi-annual basis. The loan contains various restrictions dealing with, among other things, minimum capital ratios, the sale or issuance of capital stock and the maximum amount of dividends. As of December 31, 1997, the amount outstanding under the revolving term loan was $7 million, with an additional $19 million in borrowing capacity available thereunder. The subordinated notes are held by an institutional investor, bear interest at 7.5% per annum, are unsecured and mature in increasing annual payments during the period from October 2002 to October 2006. For additional information concerning the revolving term loan and the subordinated notes, see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Long Term Debt" included in Part IV, Item 14. The noncumulative perpetual preferred stock was redeemed on November 7, 1997 with a portion of the proceeds from issuance of trust preferred securities by FIB Capital. The trust preferred securities are unsecured, bear interest at a rate of 8.625%, and mature on December 1, 2027. Interest distributions are payable quarterly, however, the Company may defer interest payments at any time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters. The trust preferred securities may be redeemed prior to maturity at the Company's option on or after December 1, 2002 or at any time in the event of unfavorable changes in tax laws or regulations in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. The Company has guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the trust preferred securities to the extent of funds held by FIB Capital. The remaining proceeds from the issuance of trust preferred securities were used to reduce the Company's revolving term loan. For additional information concerning the trust preferred securities see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Securities of Subsidiary Trust" included in Part IV, Item 14. CAPITAL RESOURCES Stockholders' equity decreased 0.3% to $146 million as of December 31, 1997. This decrease resulted primarily from the redemption of $20 million of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock which was partially offset by an increase in retained earnings. Stockholders' equity increased 33.6% to $146 million as of December 31, 1996 from $109 million as of December 31, 1995. This increase was due primarily to the issuance of the noncumulative perpetual preferred stock, together with retained earnings. Stockholders' equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends and, to a lesser extent, sales and redemptions of common stock involving employees of the Company. For the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, the Company paid aggregate cash dividends to stockholders of $9 million, $6 million and $4 million, respectively. Pursuant to FDICIA, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC have adopted regulations setting forth a five-tier system for measuring the capital adequacy of the financial institutions they supervise. At December 31, 1997, each of the Banks had levels of capital which met or exceeded the well-capitalized guidelines. For additional information concerning the capital levels of the Company, see "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Regulatory Matters" contained in Part IV, Item 14. INTEREST RATE RISK MANAGEMENT The Company's primary earnings source is the net interest margin, which is affected by changes in the level of interest rates, the relationship between rates, the impact of interest rate fluctuations on asset prepayments, and the mix of interest-bearing assets and liabilities. -35- The ability to optimize the net interest margin is largely dependent upon the achievement of an interest rate spread which can be managed during fluctuations of interest rates. Interest sensitivity is a measure of the extent to which net interest income will be affected by market interest rates over a period of time. Interest rate sensitivity is related to the difference between amounts of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities which either reprice or mature within a given period of time. The difference is known as interest rate sensitivity gap. The following table shows interest rate sensitivity gaps for different intervals as of December 31, 1997:
Three Three One Months Months Year to After (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) or Less to One Year Five Years Five Years Total - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS: Loans(1) $ 615,124 182,139 532,256 131,214 1,460,733 Investment securities 73,982 133,301 184,696 33,624 425,603 Interest-bearing deposits in bank 34,447 - - - 34,447 Federal funds sold 58,675 - - - 58,675 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest-earning assets $ 782,228 315,440 716,952 164,838 1,979,458 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES: Interest-bearing demand accounts(2) $ 25,255 75,765 213,165 - 314,185 Savings deposits(2) 307,933 29,870 93,643 - 431,446 Time deposits, $100 or more 50,866 71,060 41,717 - 163,643 Other time deposits 132,408 203,318 187,481 469 523,676 Federal funds purchased 4,025 - - - 4,025 Securities sold under repurchase agreements 176,350 - - - 176,350 Other borrowed funds 11,591 - - - 11,591 Long-term debt 342 6,847 4,304 20,033 31,526 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust - - - 40,000 40,000 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest-bearing liabilities and trust preferred securities $ 708,770 386,860 540,310 60,502 1,696,442 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rate gap 73,458 (71,420) 176,642 104,336 283,016 Cumulative rate gap 73,458 2,038 178,680 283,016 Cumulative rate gap as a percentage of total interest-earning assets 3.71% 0.10% 9.03% 14.30% - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assumptions used: (1) Does not include nonaccrual loans of $9,681. (2) Historical analysis shows that these deposit categories, while technically subject to immediate withdrawal, actually display sensitivity characteristics that generally fall within one and five years. The allocation presented is based on that historical analysis. As noted in footnote 2 above, interest-bearing demand accounts and savings deposits are allocated based on historical analysis of their interest sensitivity characteristics although they are technically subject to immediate withdrawal. If these deposits were included in the three month or less category, the above table would reflect a negative three month gap of $339 million, a negative cumulative one year gap of $305 million and a positive cumulative one to five year gap of $179 million. -36- The balance sheet structure is primarily short-term in nature with most assets and liabilities repricing or maturing in less than five years. Management monitors the sensitivity of net interest margin by utilizing income simulation models and traditional gap analysis. The income simulation model involves a degree of estimation based on certain assumptions management believes to be reasonable including estimated cash flows, prepayments, repricing characteristics, actual maturities, deposit growth and retention, and the relative sensitivity of assets and liabilities to change in market interest rates. The relative sensitivity is important to consider since the Company's deposit base is not subject to the same degree of interest sensitivity as its assets. The Company attempts to maintain a mix of interest earning assets and deposits such that no more than 5% of the net interest margin will be at risk should interest rates vary one percent. However, there can be no assurance as to the actual effect changes in interest rates will have on the Company's net interest margin. In evaluating exposure to interest rate risk, management does not view the gap amounts in the following table as presenting an unusually high risk potential. However, no assurances can be given that the Company is not at risk in the event of rate increases or decreases. YEAR 2000 In 1997, the Company completed the evaluation phase of its Year 2000 project to ensure business is not interrupted by the change in the millennium. The project calls for either system modification to, or replacement of, existing business system applications. Upon completion of the project, all systems including microsystems, payment systems, ATM software and mainframe systems, will be Year 2000 compliant. The Company anticipates that substantially all of the remaining work under this project, including testing of critical systems, will be initially completed by the end of 1998. The cost of the Year 2000 project was not material to the Company's 1997 earnings and is not expected to be material to the Company's 1998 earnings or thereafter. Such costs will be expensed as incurred. Unanticipated problems or difficulties, however, could significantly increase the Company's estimated expenditures for the Year 2000 project. The Company has provided its business customers, suppliers and vendors with information regarding the Company's progress on Year 2000 issues and has requested similar information in return. The Company continues to bear some risk related to the Year 2000 issue and could be adversely affected if other entities not affiliated with the Company do not appropriately address their own Year 2000 compliance issues. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 1996, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued SFAS No. 125, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities." This statement provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishment of liabilities. The provisions of SFAS No. 125 apply to transactions occurring after December 31, 1996. This adoption has not had a material effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company. In February 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share." This statement simplifies the standards for computing earnings per share ("EPS") and replaces the presentation of primary and fully diluted EPS with a presentation of basic and fully diluted EPS on the face of the income statement for all entities with complex capital structures. The provisions of SFAS No. 128 apply to financial statements issued for periods ending after December 15, 1997. Adoption did not have a material effect on the reported EPS of the Company. In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income and its components (revenues, expenses, gains and losses) in a full set of general-purpose financial statements. This statement requires that all items required to be recognized under accounting standards as components of comprehensive income be reported in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. SFAS No. 130 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1997. Reclassification of financial statements for earlier periods provided for comparative purposes is required. Management expects that adoption will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company. -37- In June 1997, the FASB issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." This statement requires public business enterprises to disclose selected information about operating segments including segment income, revenues and asset data. Operating segments, as defined in SFAS No. 131, would include those components for which financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in assessing performance and making resource allocation determinations for operating components such as those which contribute ten percent or more of combined revenue, income or assets. SFAS No. 131 is effective for financial statements for periods beginning after December 31, 1997. Management expects that adoption will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The business of the Company and the composition of its balance sheet consists of investments in interest-earning assets (primarily loans and investment securities) which are primarily funded by interest-bearing liabilities (deposits and indebtedness). Such financial instruments have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk results when, due to different maturity dates and repricing intervals, interest rate indices for interest-earning assets decrease relative to interest-bearing liabilities, thereby creating a risk of decreased net earnings and cash flow. The following table provides information about the Company's market sensitive financial instruments, categorized by maturity and the instruments' fair values at December 31, 1997. The table constitutes a "forward-looking statement." The Company's major market risk exposure is changing interest rates. For a description of the Company's policies with respect to managing risks associated with changing interest rates, see Part I, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation-Financial Condition-Interest Rate Risk Management." Although the Company characterizes some of its interest-sensitive assets as securities available-for-sale, such securities are not purchased with a view to sell in the near term. Rather, such securities may be sold in response to or in anticipation of changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk. Thus, all interest-sensitive assets described below are non-trading. See "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in Part IV, Item 14.
Expected Maturity/Principal Repayment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Thereafter - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INTEREST-SENSITIVE ASSETS: Cash and short-term investments $ 229,147 -- -- -- -- -- Net loans 572,477 221,485 173,478 129,847 116,771 217,010 Securities available-for-sale 41,720 12,284 50,877 20,856 33,552 29,361 Securities held-to-maturity 90,606 56,067 32,356 36,723 14,601 7,769 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INTEREST-SENSITIVE LIABILITIES AND TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES: Total deposits excluding time deposits 553,856 194,257 194,257 175,317 -- -- Time deposits 463,907 160,633 49,381 11,416 10,193 474 Federal funds purchased 4,025 -- -- -- -- -- Securities sold under repurchase agreements 176,350 -- -- -- -- -- Other borrowed funds 11,591 -- -- -- -- -- Long-term debt 489 667 135 51 4,151 26,033 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust -- -- -- -- -- 43,600 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The expected maturities of securities are based upon contractual maturities adjusted for projected prepayments of principal and assumes no reinvestment of proceeds. The prepayment projections are based on the Company's historical experience and do not take into account any allowance for loan losses. The actual maturities of these instruments could vary substantially if future prepayments differ from the Company's historical experience. All other financial instruments are stated at contractual maturities. -38- ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The following Consolidated Financial Statements of FIBS and subsidiaries are contained elsewhere herein [see Item 14(a)1]: Report of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP, Independent Auditors Consolidated Balance Sheets - December 31, 1997 and 1996 Consolidated Statements of Income - Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE There have been no changes in or disagreements with accountants on accounting and financial disclosure. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF REGISTRANT The following table sets forth information concerning each of the directors and executive officers of the Company:
Name Age Position ---- --- -------- Homer A. Scott, Jr. 63 Chairman of the Board James R. Scott 48 Vice Chairman of the Board Thomas W. Scott 54 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director Terrill R. Moore 45 Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary William G. Wilson 58 Senior Vice President Edward Garding 48 Senior Vice President Dan S. Scott 66 Director Randy Scott 44 Director Susan Scott Heyneman 59 Past Director John M. Heyneman 30 Director Joel Long 57 Director James Haugh 60 Director
HOMER A. SCOTT, JR. has been a director of FIBS since 1971 and the Chairman of the Board since 1988. Mr. Scott has served as a director of Montana-Dakota Utilities Resources Group, Inc. since 1983. Mr. Scott is the brother of James R. Scott, Thomas W. Scott, Dan S. Scott and Susan Scott Heyneman. JAMES R. SCOTT has been a director of FIBS since 1971 and the Vice Chairman of the Board since January 1990. Currently, Mr. Scott is also President of the First Interstate Bank Foundation. Mr. Scott is the brother of Homer A. Scott, Jr., Thomas W. Scott, Dan S. Scott and Susan Scott Heyneman. THOMAS W. SCOTT has been a director of FIBS since 1971 and has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of FIBS since 1978. Mr. Scott is the brother of Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Dan S. Scott and Susan Scott Heyneman. TERRILL R. MOORE has been a Senior Vice President, the Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of FIBS since November 1989, and served in various finance and accounting positions within the Company since April 1979. Mr. Moore was formerly a manager with KPMG Peat Marwick LLP. WILLIAM G. WILSON has been a Senior Vice President of FIBS since 1983. He was also Chief Financial Officer of FIBS until November 1989. -39- EDWARD GARDING has been a Senior Vice President of FIBS since September 1996, and served in various management positions within the Company since 1971. DAN S. SCOTT has been a director of FIBS since 1971. Mr. Scott has served as President and General Manager of Padlock Ranch Co. since 1970. Mr. Scott is the brother of Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Thomas W. Scott and Susan Scott Heyneman. RANDY SCOTT has been a director of FIBS since August 1993. Mr. Scott was a trust officer of FIB Montana's trust division from 1991 until 1996. In total, Mr. Scott was employed by the Company for nineteen years. Mr. Scott is the son of Dan S. Scott. SUSAN SCOTT HEYNEMAN has been a director of FIBS since March 1994. Ms. Heyneman served previously as a director of FIBS, having resigned in 1989 due to pursue personal interests. With her husband, Ms. Heyneman has been a co-owner of the Bench Ranch for more than five years. Ms. Heyneman is the sister of Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Thomas W. Scott and Dan S. Scott. Ms. Heyneman resigned as director effective March 19, 1998. JOHN M. HEYNEMAN became a director of the Company on March 19, 1998. Mr. Heyneman is currently pursuing his graduate degree at Montana State University. Prior to beginning his graduate work, Mr. Heyneman was an international manufacturer's representative for petroleum processing equipment. Mr. Heyneman is the son of Susan Scott Heyneman and the nephew of Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Thomas W. Scott and Dan S. Scott. JOEL LONG has been a director of FIBS since May 1996. Mr. Long has been the owner and Chairman of the Board of JTL Group, Inc., a construction firm doing business in Montana and Wyoming, since 1990. JAMES HAUGH became a director of the Company in November 1997. Mr. Haugh formed American Capital LLC, a financial consulting firm, in October 1994 and has operated this firm since its inception. Prior to forming American Capital LLC, Mr. Haugh was a partner in the accounting firm of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP. BOARD COMMITTEE The Company's compensation committee is comprised of Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Dan S. Scott, James Haugh and Joel Long. COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ("EXCHANGE ACT") Because the Company does not have a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act, officers, directors and shareholders owning more than 10% of the common stock are not required to file any reports pursuant to Section 16 of the Exchange Act. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The following table sets forth data concerning the compensation received by the Chief Executive Officer of FIBS and four other executive officers of FIBS as of December 31, 1997, whose salary and bonus for the year ended December 31, 1997, exceeded $100,000 in the aggregate. In all cases, payment was for services in all capacities of the Company and its subsidiaries:
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE Long-Term Compensation Other ------------- Name and Annual Options/ All Other Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Compensation(1) SARS (#) Compensation(2) - ------------------ ---- --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- Thomas W. Scott 1997 $ 216,000 $ 125,000 $ 7,200 $ -- $ 23,698 President & CEO 1996 206,000 75,000 7,200 -- 23,002 1995 200,000 63,000 7,200 -- 17,697
-40-
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE Long-Term Compensation Other ------------- Name and Annual Options/ All Other Principal Position Year Salary Bonus Compensation(1) SARS (#) Compensation(2) - ------------------ ---- --------- --------- -------------- ------------ --------------- William H. Ruegamer 1997 $ 167,115 $ 55,000 $ -- $ 1600/1600 $ 18,507 Executive Vice 1996 190,000 66,500 199 1400/1400 21,583 President & COO(3) 1995 184,000 58,000 699 1400/1400 18,602 William G. Wilson 1997 $ 105,500 $ 31,500 $ 7,200 $ 800/800 $ 13,304 Senior Vice 1996 102,000 39,580 7,200 600/600 12,544 President 1995 99,000 27,720 7,200 800/800 12,597 Edward Garding (4) 1997 $ 129,000 $ 38,700 $ 7,200 $ 1200/1200 $ 15,606 Senior Vice 1996 106,730 30,000 20,860 800/800 12,431 President 1995 NA NA NA NA NA Terrill R. Moore 1997 $ 100,862 $ 40,000 $ 7,200 $ 1200/1200 $ 12,836 Senior Vice 1996 86,684 35,184 7,200 800/800 12,740 President & CFO 1995 80,800 22,624 7,200 800/800 11,462
(1) Other annual compensation principally relates to an auto allowance or the value of personal usage of a Company-owned vehicle. (2) All other compensation includes (i) premiums paid by the Company on health and life insurance policies, (ii) contributions by the Company to the Company's noncontributory qualified profit sharing plan and (iii) contributions by the Company to the Company's contributory qualified employee savings plan, qualified under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). For the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997, premiums on health and life insurance on behalf of Thomas W. Scott, William H. Ruegamer, William G. Wilson, Edward Garding and Terrill R. Moore were $2,984 for each, respectively. For the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997, contributions to the Company's profit sharing plan on behalf of Thomas W. Scott, William H. Ruegamer, William G. Wilson, Edward Garding and Terrill R. Moore were $10,329, $7,167, $5,045, $6,172 and $4,809, respectively. For the fiscal year ending December 31, 1997, contributions to the Company's employee savings plan on behalf of Thomas W. Scott, William H. Ruegamer, William G. Wilson, Edward Garding and Terrill R. Moore were $10,385, $8,356, $5,275, $6,450 and $5,043, respectively. (3) Mr. Ruegamer resigned from all positions with the Company effective October 31, 1997. The "Salary," "Bonus" and "Other Annual Compensation" amounts for 1997 include amounts earned through October 31, 1997. (4) Not an executive officer of FIBS prior to 1996. Included in "Other Annual Compensation" for 1996 was an amount of $13,660 for reimbursement of moving and related expenses. -41- OPTION/SAR GRANTS TABLE The following table provides information concerning grants of options to purchase FIBS common stock, no par value (the "Common Stock"), and related stock appreciation rights ("SARs") made during the year ended December 31, 1997, to the persons named in the Summary Compensation Table. Option/SAR Grants in Last Fiscal Year
Potential Realizable Individual Grants Value at ----------------------------- Assumed Annual % of Total Rates of Stock Options/SARs Price Appreciation Options/ Granted to Exercise for Option Term SARS Employees in Price Expiration -------------------- Name Granted (#) Fiscal Year ($/sh) Date 5% ($) 10% ($) ---- ------------ ------------ -------- ---------- -------- -------- Thomas W. Scott -- -- $ -- -- $ -- $ -- William H. Ruegamer 1,600/1,600 8.16% 20.05 1/16/07 40,350 102,255 William G. Wilson 800/800 4.08% 20.05 1/16/07 20,175 51,127 Edward Garding 1,200/1,200 6.12% 20.05 1/16/07 30,262 76,691 Terrill R. Moore 1,200/1,200 6.12% 20.05 1/16/07 30,262 76,691
The following table indicates the number and value of the stock options and SARs exercised in 1997 and the number and value of unexercised stock options and SARs as of December 31, 1997. All stock options and SARs are currently exercisable. AGGREGATED OPTION/SAR EXERCISED IN 1997 AND FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES
Number of Value of Unexercised Shares Unexercised In-The-Money Acquired Value Options and SARS at Options and SARS at Name on Exercise Realized December 31, 1997 December 31, 1997 ---- ----------- -------- ------------------- -------------------- Thomas W. Scott -- $ -- -- $ -- William H. Ruegamer 2,304 53,533 10,784/7,892 184,628 William G. Wilson -- -- 6,000/4,300 102,305 Edward Garding 1,384 32,157 7,956/5,578 143,074 Terrill R. Moore 1,384 32,157 7,292/5,246 124,763
TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENT On August 25, 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with William H. Ruegamer (the "Resignation Agreement"), pursuant to which Mr. Ruegamer and the Company agreed that Mr. Ruegamer resign from his employment with the Company effective October 31, 1997. Under the Resignation Agreement, Mr. Ruegamer agreed to release the Company from any potential claims, and the Company agreed to provide Mr. Ruegamer (i) a 1997 performance bonus of $55,000, (ii) the sum of $250,000, payable in 24 equal monthly installments, (iii) health and dental insurance for Mr. Ruegamer and his spouse until October 31, 2001 (unless Mr. Ruegamer obtains other employment prior to that time), and (iv) a term life insurance policy in the amount of $500,000 to be funded by the Company for a period of 10 years. In consideration of Mr. Ruegamer agreeing not to compete for a period of two years, the Company also agreed (i) to extend the period in which the Company could repurchase any Common Stock owned by Mr. Ruegamer, (ii) to extend the exercise period of stock options and SARs held by Mr. Ruegamer, and (iii) to provide a lump-sum payment of $250,000 to Mr. Ruegamer on November 1, 1999. -42- SURVIVOR INCOME BENEFIT The Company has entered into survivor income agreements (the "Survivor Agreements") with certain executive employees. Under the Survivor Agreements, designated beneficiaries are entitled to receive a survivor income benefit if the executive dies before otherwise terminating employment with the Company. Pursuant to the Survivor Agreements and addenda thereto, the Survivor Agreement may convert to a split dollar insurance agreement subject to a 10 year vesting schedule. The Company has entered into this type of Survivor Agreement with Terrill R. Moore, William G. Wilson and Edward Garding. STOCK OPTION AND STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS PLAN The Company has a Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Rights Plan (the "Plan") for key senior officers of the Company. The Plan provides for the granting of stock options which are non-qualified under the Code and SARs in tandem with such options. Each option granted under the Plan may be exercised within a period of ten years from the date of grant. COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS Directors who are members of the Scott family or who are executive officers of the Company ("Inside Directors") are compensated for their services in the form of a salary and bonus, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors from time to time. Of the directors not named in the Summary Compensation Table above, Homer A. Scott, Jr. was paid a salary of $99,000 in each of 1997, 1996 and 1995. He was also paid a bonus of $20,000 in 1997, $15,000 in 1996 and $4,000 in 1995. James R. Scott was paid a salary of $102,250 in each of 1997, 1996 and 1995 and a bonus of $20,000 in 1997, $15,000 in 1996 and $10,000 in 1995. Dan S. Scott was paid a salary of $39,000 in each of 1997, 1996 and 1995 and a bonus of $20,000 in 1997, $15,000 in 1996 and $15,000 in 1995. Randy Scott was paid a salary of $18,050 in 1997 and 1996. Non-Inside Directors, presently consisting of Joel Long and James Haugh, receive a $400 monthly retainer, $500 per board meeting attended and $250 for each committee meeting attended. COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION Homer A. Scott, Jr., James R. Scott, Dan S. Scott, James Haugh, and Joel Long serve on the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. With the exception of Joel Long and James Haugh, all committee members were officers or employees receiving compensation from FIBS for services rendered. Homer A. Scott, Jr. and James R. Scott were formerly officers of FIBS. INDEMNIFICATION Officers and directors of FIBS are entitled to indemnification under the Montana Business Corporation Act and pursuant to a Resolution of the Board of Directors dated January 12, 1987. A summary of the indemnification provision in such resolution follows: Pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors dated January 12, 1987, and under the authority of Section 35-1-414 of the Montana Business Corporation Act, the Company shall indemnify each director and officer of the Company (including former officers and directors) and each agent of the Company serving as a director or officer of a Bank, serving at the specific direction or request of the Company (but only to the extent that such director, officer or agent is not indemnified by the Bank or by insurance provided by the Company), against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually and reasonably paid by such director, officer or agent by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Company or such Bank, to the extent provided by and subject to the limitations of the Montana Business Corporation Act. -43- ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 1997 with respect to the beneficial ownership of the Common Stock for (i) each person who is known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the Common Stock, (ii) each of the Company's directors, (iii) each of the executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table, and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated in the notes to the table, all shares shown in the following table are owned both of record and beneficially and each of the following parties has sole voting and investment power with respect to such shares.
Number of Percent Shares Beneficially Beneficial Owner(1) Beneficially Owned Owned ------------------- ------------------ ------------ James R. Scott(2) 1,351,316 16.83% 439 Grandview Blvd. Billings, Montana 59102 Randy Scott(3) 1,156,193 14.40% 521 Freedom Avenue Billings, Montana 59105 Homer Scott, Jr.(4) 1,052,628 13.11% 122 Scott Drive Sheridan, Wyoming 82801 Thomas W. Scott 773,788 9.64% P.O. Box 30876 Billings, Montana 59107 Susan Scott Heyneman(5) 569,876 7.10% P.O. Box 285 Fishtail, Montana 59028 FIB Montana(6) 494,864 6.16% P.O. Box 30918 Billings, Montana 59116 Dan S. Scott(7) 381,068 4.75% William H. Ruegamer(8) 40,696 0.51% William G. Wilson(8) 31,528 0.39% Edward Garding(8) 21,644 0.27% Terrill R. Moore(8) 16,164 0.20% Joel Long 4,940 0.06% James Haugh 4,940 0.06% All directors and executive officers as a group (12 persons)(8) 67.30%
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities owned. Shares of Common Stock subject to options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 1997, are deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage of the person or entity holding such securities but are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage of any other person or entity. (2) Includes 560,068 shares owned beneficially as managing partner of J.S. Investments Limited Partnership, 24,988 shares as trustee for John M. Heyneman, Jr. and 24,988 shares as trustee for Thomas Scott Heyneman. (3) Includes 1,119,792 shares owned beneficially as managing partner of Nbar5 Limited Partnership. -44- (4) Includes 88,816 shares owned beneficially as trustee for Riki Rae Scott Davidson, 75,276 shares as trustee for Risa Kae Scott Brown and 88,824 shares as trustee for Rae Ann Scott Morse. (5) Includes 323,060 shares owned beneficially as general partner of Towanda Investments, Limited Partnership. (6) Includes 230,360 shares owned beneficially as trustee for Jonathan R. Scott, 229,304 shares as trustee for Julie Anne Scott and 35,200 shares as trustee for James F. Heyneman. (7) Includes 48,960 shares owned beneficially as managing partner of Nbar5 A, 41,452 shares as managing partner of Nbar5 O, 37,700 shares as managing partner of Nbar5 K, 33,944 shares as managing partner of Nbar5 S and 33,944 shares as managing partner of Nbar5 T. (8) Includes options to purchase 10,784 shares, 6,000 shares 7,956 shares 7,292 shares held by William H. Ruegamer, William G. Wilson, Edward Garding and Terrill R. Moore, respectively. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The Company has had, and expects to have in the future, banking transactions in the ordinary course of business with related parties, including business with directors, officers, stockholders and their associates, on the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and that did not involve more than a normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features. To the extent that such transactions consisted of extensions of credit to Company executive officers and directors and to certain members of the Scott family, such extensions of credit were made in the ordinary course of business, were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral on loans, as those prevailing at the same time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and did not involve more than a normal risk of collectibility or present other unfavorable features. Loans to FIBS's executive officers, directors and their related interests represented approximately 7.0% of the Company's stockholders' equity as of December 31, 1997. Loans to executive officers, directors and related interests of officers and directors of FIBS and the Banks represented approximately 10.5% of the Company's stockholders' equity as of December 31, 1997. In July 1997, 78,072 shares of common stock were sold by the Company to certain officers, directors, director nominees and employees. The total cash price was $1.66 million. In October 1997, 87,236 shares of common stock were sold by the Company to 403 individual participants in the Company's 401(k) Savings Plan. The total cash price was $2.05 million. From time to time the Company repurchases shares of common stock from stockholders of the Company pursuant to stockholder repurchase agreements and otherwise at the then appraised value thereof. In addition, the Company may redeem shares of common stock from the Company's 401(k) Savings Plan on a quarterly basis in accordance with the investment elections of the plan's participants or in connection with distributions under the plan. For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company redeemed shares of common stock from the Company's 401(k) Savings Plan in the amount of $137,437. The Company is the anchor tenant in a commercial building in which the Company's principal executive offices are located in Billings, Montana. The building is owned by a joint venture partnership in which FIB Montana is one of the two partners, owning a 50% interest in the partnership. The other 50% interest in the partnership is owned by a company in which Joel Long, a director of the Company, owns beneficially an equity interest of approximately 33%. Indebtedness of the partnership ($10.4 million as of December 31, 1997) is recourse to the partners and guaranteed by the Company. The Company paid rent to the partnership of $814,000 in 1997. PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) 1. Following are the Company's audited consolidated financial statements. -45- INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT KPMG Peat Marwick LLP The Board of Directors and Stockholders First Interstate BancSystem, Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. /s/ KPMG Peat Marwick LLP Billings, Montana February 6, 1998 -46- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
December 31, 1997 1996 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ASSETS Cash and due from banks $ 136,025 160,962 Federal funds sold 58,675 4,945 Interest-bearing deposits in banks 34,447 6,545 Investment securities: Available-for-sale 188,650 124,502 Held-to-maturity 236,953 279,069 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 425,603 403,571 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Loans 1,470,414 1,375,479 Less allowance for loan losses 28,180 27,797 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net loans 1,442,234 1,347,682 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Premises and equipment, net 61,274 58,183 Accrued interest receivable 22,046 19,573 Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization of $8,486 in 1997 and $5,901 in 1996 31,801 37,958 Other real estate owned, net 1,362 1,546 Deferred tax asset 5,946 4,921 Other assets 15,351 17,951 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 2,234,764 2,063,837 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Deposits: Noninterest bearing $ 372,056 385,371 Interest bearing 1,432,950 1,294,053 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total deposits 1,805,006 1,679,424 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Federal funds purchased 4,025 13,450 Securities sold under repurchase agreements 176,350 129,137 Accounts payable and accrued expenses 20,599 18,027 Other borrowed funds 11,591 13,071 Long-term debt 31,526 64,667 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total liabilities 2,049,097 1,917,776 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 40,000 - Stockholders' equity: Non-voting noncumulative 8.53% preferred stock without par value; authorized 100,000 shares, none and 20,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively - 20,000 Common stock without par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 8,030,799 shares and 7,913,072 shares as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively 11,490 8,941 Retained earnings 133,277 116,613 Unrealized holding gain on investment securities available-for-sale, net 900 507 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total stockholders' equity 145,667 146,061 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 2,234,764 2,063,837 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Book value per common share $ 18.14 15.93 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. -47- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Year Ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest income: Interest and fees on loans $ 140,083 99,882 83,577 Interest and dividends on investment securities: Taxable 21,958 15,343 12,147 Exempt from Federal taxes 1,109 982 783 Interest on deposits with banks 448 376 368 Interest on Federal funds sold 2,210 1,342 2,095 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest income 165,808 117,925 98,970 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest expense: Interest on deposits 58,129 42,122 35,898 Interest on Federal funds purchased 1,499 1,043 1,008 Interest on securities sold under repurchase agreements 6,474 4,508 3,560 Interest on other borrowed funds 873 318 298 Interest on long-term debt 5,165 2,028 1,182 Interest on mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 523 - - - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest expense 72,663 50,019 41,946 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net interest income 93,145 67,906 57,024 Provision for loan losses 4,240 3,844 1,629 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net interest income after provision for loan losses 88,905 64,062 55,395 Other operating income: Income from fiduciary activities 4,083 3,161 2,619 Service charges on deposit accounts 9,855 7,752 6,532 Data processing 7,380 7,324 6,196 Other service charges, commissions, and fees 3,787 2,857 2,535 Investment securities gains (losses), net 89 18 (6) Other income 1,652 2,815 888 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total other operating income 26,846 23,927 18,764 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other operating expenses: Salaries and wages 29,448 21,789 18,917 Employee benefits 8,097 5,742 4,777 Occupancy, net 6,077 4,505 3,916 Furniture and equipment 7,721 6,249 5,244 Other real estate income, net (465) (214) (586) FDIC insurance 206 5 1,127 Goodwill amortization expense 2,585 1,019 442 Other expenses 20,497 14,300 12,141 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total other operating expenses 74,166 53,395 45,978 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income before income taxes 41,585 34,594 28,181 Income tax expense 15,730 13,351 10,844 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income applicable to common stockholders $ 24,401 20,818 17,337 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic earnings per common share $ 3.07 2.65 2.22 Diluted earnings per common share 3.05 2.64 2.21 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. -48- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Unrealized Total Preferred Common Retained holding gains stockholders' stock stock earnings (losses), net equity - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance at December 31, 1994 $ - 7,531 88,677 (936) 95,272 Common stock transactions: 75,524 shares retired - (1,197) - - (1,197) 26,908 shares issued - 358 - - 358 Cash dividends declared ($0.48 per common share) - - (3,733) - (3,733) Increase in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investment securities, net - - - 1,329 1,329 Net income - - 17,337 - 17,337 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance at December 31, 1995 - 6,692 102,281 393 109,366 Preferred stock issuance: 20,000 shares issued 20,000 - - - 20,000 Preferred stock issuance costs - - (458) - (458) Common stock transactions: 65,808 shares retired - (1,229) - - (1,229) 187,840 shares issued - 3,478 - - 3,478 Cash dividends declared: Common ($0.78 per share) - - (6,028) - (6,028) Preferred (8.53%) - - (425) - (425) Increase in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investment securities, net - - - 114 114 Net income - - 21,243 - 21,243 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance at December 31, 1996 $ 20,000 8,941 116,613 507 146,061 Preferred stock retirement: 20,000 shares retired (20,000) - - - (20,000) Common stock transactions: 60,169 shares retired - (1,322) - - 3,871 177,896 shares issued - 3,871 - - (1,322) Cash dividends declared: Common ($0.98 per share) - - (7,737) - (7,737) Preferred (8.53%) - - (1,454) - (1,454) Increase in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investment securities, net - - - 393 393 Net income - - 25,855 - 25,855 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Balance at December 31, 1997 $ - 11,490 133,277 900 145,667 - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. -49- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
Year Ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provisions for loan and other real estate losses 4,236 3,823 1,601 Depreciation and amortization 8,549 5,584 4,272 Net premium amortization (discount accretion) on investment securities (1,049) 591 1,111 Loss (gain) on sale of investments, net (89) (18) 6 Gain on sale of other real estate owned (595) (335) (527) Gain on sale of premises and equipment (9) (2) - Provision for deferred income taxes (1,306) (528) 129 Increase in interest receivable (2,473) (507) (1,828) Decrease (increase) in other assets 5,198 (1,697) 2,069 Increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses 6,144 394 3,553 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash provided by operating activities 44,461 28,548 27,723 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from investing activities: Net change in interest-bearing deposits (27,902) 16,495 (22,012) Purchases of investment securities: Held-to-maturity (412,855) (200,361) (88,857) Available-for-sale (133,043) (63,477) (12,254) Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of investment securities: Held-to-maturity 456,069 150,313 116,267 Available-for-sale 38,401 62,460 12,901 Sales of investment securities: Available-for-sale 31,208 5,523 - Extensions of credit to customers, net of repayments (101,673) (98,142) (70,149) Recoveries on loans charged-off 3,094 1,987 1,016 Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 2,130 1,121 1,236 Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net (1,726) 24,840 (10,465) Capital distribution from (contribution to) joint venture (275) 150 (2,100) Capital expenditures, net (8,880) (6,324) (4,675) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash used in investing activities (155,452) (105,415) (79,092) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash flows from financing activities: Net increase in deposits 125,582 56,674 76,354 Net increase (decrease) in federal funds and repurchase agreements 37,788 (15,938) 29,148 Repayments of other borrowed funds, net (1,480) (871) (1,594) Borrowings of long-term debt 5,750 66,939 13,484 Repayment of long-term debt (38,891) (22,410) (3,066) Proceeds of issuance of mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 40,000 - - Debt issuance costs (2,323) - - Proceeds from issuance of common stock 3,871 3,478 358 Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs - 19,542 - Payments to retire common stock (1,322) (1,229) (1,197) Payments to retire preferred stock (20,000) - - Dividends paid on common stock (7,737) (6,028) (3,733) Dividends paid on preferred stock (1,454) (425) - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net cash provided by financing activities 139,784 99,732 109,754 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 28,793 22,865 58,385 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 165,907 143,042 84,657 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 194,700 165,907 143,042 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid during the year for interest $ 70,484 48,334 38,944 Cash paid during the year for taxes 17,830 12,805 9,845 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Noncash Investing and Financing Activities - The Company transferred loans of $1,347, $668 and $227 to other real estate owned in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. SEE ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. -50- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES ORGANIZATION. The Company, through the branch offices of its banking subsidiaries, provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers throughout the states of Montana and Wyoming. The Company is subject to competition from other financial institutions and financial service providers, and is also subject to the regulations of various government agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. During 1997, the Company merged its six banking subsidiaries into two resultant bank subsidiaries, First Interstate Bank in Montana and First Interstate Bank in Wyoming. Effective October 7, 1997, First Interstate BancSystem of Montana, Inc. changed its name to First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. The following is a summary of significant accounting policies utilized by the Company: PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. (Parent Company) and its operating subsidiaries: First Interstate Bank in Montana ("FIB Montana"), First Interstate Bank in Wyoming ("FIB Wyoming"), Commerce Financial, Inc. and FIB Capital Trust. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. BASIS OF PRESENTATION. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans. In connection with the determination of the allowances for loan losses and real estate owned, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties. Management believes that the allowances for losses on loans and real estate owned are adequate. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the allowances for losses on loans and real estate owned. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans and real estate owned, future additions to the allowances may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions which may affect the borrowers' ability to pay or regulatory requirements. In addition to purchasing and selling Federal funds for their own account, the Company purchases and sells Federal funds as an agent. These and other assets held in an agency or fiduciary capacity are not assets of the Company and, accordingly, are not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS. For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks and federal funds sold for one day periods. At December 31, 1997 the Company was required to have aggregate reserves in the form of cash on hand and deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank of approximately $7,247. Also, an additional $16,000 compensating balance was maintained with the Federal Reserve Bank to mitigate the payment of service charges for check clearing services. -51- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) INVESTMENT SECURITIES. Securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost. Subordinated debentures that may be sold in response to or in anticipation of changes in interest rates and resulting prepayment risk, or other factors, and marketable equity securities, are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. The unrealized gains and losses on these securities are reported, net of applicable taxes, as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Debt and equity securities that are purchased and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading account assets and reported at fair value. The Company carried no trading account assets during 1997, 1996 or 1995. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase and at each reporting date management reassesses the appropriateness of the classification. The amortized cost of subordinated debentures classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale is adjusted for amortization of premiums over the estimated average life of the security, accretion of discounts to maturity, or in the case of mortgage-backed securities, over the estimated life of the security. Such amortization and accretion is included in interest income with interest and dividends. Realized gains and losses, and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary, are included in investment securities gains (losses). The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. LOANS. Loans are reported at the principal amount outstanding. Interest is calculated by using the simple interest method on the daily balance of the principal amount outstanding. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full, timely collection of interest or principal or when a loan becomes contractually past due by ninety days or more with respect to interest or principal unless such past due loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when they are brought fully current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgement of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest. Renegotiated loans are those loans on which concessions in terms have been granted because of a borrower's financial difficulty. Significant loan origination fees and prepaid interest, net of related costs, are recognized over the expected lives of the related loans as an adjustment of yield. ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses which is charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectibility of the principal is unlikely or, with respect to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule. The allowance balance is an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb losses inherent in existing loans, leases and commitments to extend credit, based on evaluations of the collectibility and prior loss experience of loans, leases and commitments to extend credit. The evaluations take into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio, overall portfolio quality, loan concentrations, specific problem loans, leases and commitments, and current and anticipated economic conditions that may affect the borrowers' ability to pay. -52- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) The Company may also establish a reserve for losses on specific loans which are deemed to be impaired. Groups of small balance homogeneous basis loans (generally consumer loans) are evaluated for impairment collectively. A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect, on a timely basis, all principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan's original agreement. When a specific loan is determined to be impaired, the allowance for loan losses is increased through a charge to expense for the amount of the impairment. The amount of the impairment is measured using cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, except when it is determined that the sole source of repayment for the loan is the operation or liquidation of the underlying collateral. In such cases, the current value of the collateral, reduced by anticipated selling costs, will be used to measure impairment instead of discounted cash flows. The Company's impaired loans are those non-consumer loans which are non-accrual or a troubled debt restructuring. Interest income is recognized on impaired loans only to the extent that cash payments are received. The Company's existing policies for evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and policies for discontinuing the accrual of interest on loans are used to establish the basis for determining whether a loan is impaired. GOODWILL. Goodwill consists of the excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets from acquisitions ("excess purchase price") and the intangible value of depositor relationships resulting from deposit liabilities assumed in acquisitions ("core deposit intangibles"). Excess purchase price is being amortized using the straight-line method over periods of primarily 15 to 25 years. Core deposit intangibles are amortized using an accelerated method based on an estimated runoff of the related deposits, not exceeding 10 years. OTHER INTANGIBLES. Purchased mortgage servicing rights ("MSR") represent the value of purchased rights to service mortgage loans. The MSR are amortized over the period of estimated net servicing income not expected to exceed 12 years. MSR are evaluated for impairment based on the MSR current fair value. MSR of $781 and $1,052 as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, are included in other assets. PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT. Buildings, furniture and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over estimated useful lives of 5 to 50 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 15 years for furniture and equipment using straight-line methods. Leasehold improvements are amortized using straight-line methods over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the terms of the related leases. Consolidated depreciation expense was $5,964 in 1997, $4,182 in 1996 and $3,541 in 1995. LONG-LIVED ASSETS. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles (e.g. premises, Goodwill, core deposit intangibles) are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is deemed impaired if the sum of the expected future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset. The amount of the impairment loss, if any, is based on the assets' fair value, which may be estimated by discounting the expected future cash flows. There were no impairment losses recognized during 1997 or 1996. OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED. Real estate acquired in satisfaction of loans is carried at the lower of the recorded investment in the property at the date of foreclosure or its current fair value less selling cost ("Net Realizable Value"). The value of the underlying loan is written down to the fair market value of the real estate acquired by a charge to the allowance for loan losses, if necessary, at the date of foreclosure. A provision to the real estate owned valuation allowance is charged against other real estate expense for any current or subsequent write-downs to Net Realizable Value. Operating expenses of such properties, net of related income, and gains on sales are included in other real estate expenses. -53- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) TRANSFERS AND SERVICING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND EXTINGUISHMENTS OF LIABILITIES. In June 1996, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 125, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities." SFAS No. 125 is effective for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities occurring after December 31, 1996 and is to be applied prospectively. This Statement provides accounting and reporting standards for transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishments of liabilities based on consistent application of a financial-components approach that focuses on control. It distinguishes transfers of financial assets that are sales from transfers that are secured borrowings. SFAS No. 125 generally requires the Company to recognize as separate assets the rights to service mortgage loans for others, whether the servicing rights are acquired through purchases or loan originations. Servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value based on market quotes and are amortized in proportion to and over the period of estimated net servicing income. Servicing rights are subsequently evaluated for impairment by stratifying the servicing assets based on risk characteristics including loan type, note rate, and loan term. Adoption of the statement did not have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company. The Company capitalized mortgage servicing rights of $238 on loans sold with servicing retained in 1997. There were no impairment losses recognized in 1997. INCOME FROM FIDUCIARY ACTIVITIES. Consistent with industry practice, income for trust services is recognized on the basis of cash received. However, use of this method in lieu of accrual basis accounting does not materially affect reported earnings. INCOME TAXES. The Parent Company and its subsidiaries have elected to be included in a consolidated Federal income tax return. For state income tax purposes, the combined taxable income of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries is apportioned between the states in which operations take place. Federal and state income taxes attributable to the subsidiaries, computed on a separate return basis, are paid to or received from the Parent Company. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected at currently enacted income tax rates applicable to the period in which the deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. PER SHARE DATA. The Company adopted SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share," as of January 1, 1997. SFAS No. 128 revises the manner in which earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by replacing the presentation of primary EPS and fully diluted EPS with a presentation of basic EPS and diluted EPS. All periods presented have been restated to conform with SFAS No. 128. The Company also adopted SFAS No. 129, "Disclosures of Information About Capital Structure." This statement was issued in connection with SFAS No. 128 and lists required disclosures about capital structure that had been included in a number of previously existing separate statements and opinions. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income less preferred stock dividends by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income less preferred stock dividends by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common stock outstanding during the period. Book value per common share is calculated by dividing total stockholders' equity less preferred stock by the number of common shares outstanding at the end of the year. On October 7, 1997, the Company effected a four-for-one split of the Parent Company's existing common stock. All share and per share data presented have been restated to give effect to the stock split. -54- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. The Company measures compensation costs for stock-based employee compensation plans using the intrinsic value-based method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Principles Board No. 25. YEAR 2000. In 1997, the Company established an overall plan to address the Year 2000 issues as they affect financial reporting. Year 2000 issues involve the use of only two digits to identify a year in a date field, potentially causing application failures or erroneous results at the Year 2000. Upon development of the overall plan, the Company began modifying its computer systems to be Year 2000 compliant by the end of 1998. Management does not expect costs related to the modification project to be material. Such costs will be expensed as incurred. RECLASSIFICATIONS. Certain reclassifications have been made to the 1996 and 1995 amounts to conform to the 1997 presentation. (2) REGULATORY MATTERS The Company is subject to the regulatory capital requirements administered by the Federal Reserve Bank. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Company's assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets, as defined in the regulations. As of December 31, 1997, the Company exceeded all capital adequacy requirements to which is was subject. As of December 31, 1997, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank categorized the Company as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Company must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, and leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution's category. The Company's actual capital amounts and ratios as of December 31, 1997 and 1996 are presented in the following table:
Adequately Well Actual Capitalized Capitalized ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997: Total risk-based capital: Consolidated $ 192,839 12.2% $ 126,516 8.0% $ 158,145 10.0% FIB Montana 131,374 12.4 84,603 8.0 105,754 10.0 FIB Wyoming 64,231 12.4 41,421 8.0 51,777 10.0 Tier 1 risk-based capital: Consolidated 152,967 9.7 63,258 4.0 94,887 6.0 FIB Montana 118,113 11.2 42,302 4.0 63,452 6.0 FIB Wyoming 57,696 11.1 20,711 4.0 31,066 6.0 Leverage capital ratio: Consolidated 152,967 6.9 88,207 4.0 110,259 5.0 FIB Montana 118,113 8.1 58,423 4.0 73,028 5.0 FIB Wyoming 57,696 7.8 29,565 4.0 36,956 5.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-55- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Adequately Well Actual Capitalized Capitalized ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1996: Total risk-based capital: Consolidated $ 145,782 10.0% $ 116,898 8.0% $ 146,123 10.0% FIB Montana 124,102 12.2 81,437 8.0 101,796 10.0 FIB Wyoming 59,786 13.2 36,228 8.0 45,285 10.0 Tier 1 risk-based capital: Consolidated 107,399 7.4 58,449 4.0 87,674 6.0 FIB Montana 109,690 11.0 40,718 4.0 61,077 6.0 FIB Wyoming 54,040 11.9 18,114 4.0 27,171 6.0 Leverage capital ratio: Consolidated 107,399 5.3 81,382 4.0 101,728 5.0 FIB Montana 109,690 8.0 55,930 4.0 69,913 5.0 FIB Wyoming 54,040 7.8 27,764 4.0 34,705 5.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) INVESTMENT SECURITIES The amortized cost and approximate market values of investment securities are summarized as follows: AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Gross Gross Estimated Amortized unrealized unrealized market December 31, 1997 cost gains losses value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury securities $ 63,869 594 - 64,463 Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 56,304 76 (59) 56,321 States, county and municipal securities 7,479 315 - 7,794 Corporate securities 4,331 5 - 4,336 Other mortgage-backed securities 46,057 321 (37) 46,341 Other securities 9,136 259 - 9,395 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $ 187,176 1,570 (96) 188,650 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HELD-TO-MATURITY
Gross Gross Estimated Amortized unrealized unrealized market December 31, 1997 cost gains losses value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury securities $ 181,428 1,019 (128) 182,319 Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 27,892 117 (34) 27,975 States, county and municipal securities 17,645 174 (2) 17,817 Corporate securities 6,260 - (6) 6,254 Other mortgage-backed securities 3,728 29 - 3,757 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $ 236,953 1,339 (170) 238,122 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross gains of $89 and no gross losses were realized on the sale of available-for-sale securities in 1997. -56- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Gross Gross Estimated Amortized unrealized unrealized market December 31, 1996 cost gains losses value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury securities $ 45,272 153 - 45,425 Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 54,919 340 (114) 55,145 States, county and municipal securities 7,717 295 (2) 8,010 Corporate securities 2,484 7 (5) 2,486 Other mortgage-backed securities 3,703 16 (10) 3,709 Other securities 9,607 120 - 9,727 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $ 123,702 931 (131) 124,502 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HELD-TO-MATURITY
Gross Gross Estimated Amortized unrealized unrealized market December 31, 1996 cost gains losses value ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- U.S. Treasury securities $ 169,196 445 (731) 168,910 Obligations of U.S. Government agencies 89,600 158 (179) 89,579 States, county and municipal securities 11,793 152 (12) 11,933 Corporate securities 8,480 1 (27) 8,454 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total $ 279,069 756 (949) 278,876 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross gains of $18 and no gross losses were realized on the sale of available-for-sale securities in 1996. Gross gains of $6 and gross losses of $12 were realized on the sale of available-for-sale securities in 1995. Maturities of investment securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 1997 are shown below. Maturities of securities do not reflect rate repricing opportunities present in many adjustable rate mortgage-backed and corporate securities. Maturities of mortgage-backed securities have been adjusted to reflect expected shorter maturities based upon early prepayments of principal.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ December 31,1997 Available-for-Sale Held-to-Maturity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated cost market value cost market value ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Within one year $ 42,018 42,122 90,627 90,653 After one but within five years 117,439 118,326 138,709 139,786 After five years but within ten years 11,270 11,444 5,694 5,744 After ten years 7,313 7,363 1,923 1,939 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 178,040 179,255 236,953 238,122 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Other 9,136 9,395 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total $ 187,176 188,650 236,953 238,122 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no significant concentrations of investments at December 31, 1997 (greater than 10 percent of stockholders' equity) in any individual security issuer, except for U.S. Government or agency-backed securities. -57- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) At December 31, 1997 and 1996, $14,097 and $18,148, respectively, of variable rate securities are included in investment securities. Investment securities with amortized cost of $333,920 and $251,709 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, securities sold under repurchase agreements and for other purposes required or permitted by law. The approximate market value of securities pledged at December 31, 1997 and 1996 was $335,500 and $252,070, respectively. All securities sold under repurchase agreements are with customers and generally mature on the next banking day. The Company retains possession of the underlying securities sold under repurchase agreements. (4) LOANS Major categories and balances of loans included in the loan portfolios are as follows:
December 31, 1997 1996 --------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural (1) $ 164,046 143,572 Commercial (2) 526,355 471,458 Real estate 268,463 274,141 Consumer (3) 505,741 484,865 Other loans, including overdrafts 5,809 1,443 --------------------------------------------------------------- Total loans $ 1,470,414 1,375,479 --------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Includes loans to agricultural customers secured by real estate of $56,397 and $52,689 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. (2) Includes loans secured by commercial real estate properties of $264,842 and $198,570 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. (3) Includes loans secured by second mortgages on real estate of $93,510 and $74,607 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the Company had no concentrations of loans which exceeded 10% of total loans other than the categories disclosed above. The Company has no loans or loan commitments to highly leveraged companies. Nonaccrual loans amounted to $9,681 and $6,822 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. If interest on nonaccrual loans had been accrued, such income would have approximated $763 and $405, respectively. Loans contractually past due ninety days or more aggregating $4,883 on December 31, 1997 and $6,432 on December 31, 1996 were on accrual status. Such loans are deemed adequately secured and in the process of collection. Included in the nonaccrual loans at December 31, 1997 and 1996 are $1,909 and $5,122, respectively, of loans which are considered impaired. Of this amount, an impairment allowance of $676 and $436, respectively, is included in the Company's allowance for loan losses. The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 was approximately $7,580, $3,870 and $3,080, respectively. If interest on impaired loans had been accrued, the amount of interest income on impaired loans during 1997, 1996 and 1995 would have been approximately $706, $357 and $283, respectively. -58- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Also included in total loans at December 31, 1997 and 1996 are loans with a carrying value of $928 and $1,763, respectively, the terms of which have been modified in troubled debt restructurings. Restructured debt includes nonaccrual loans of $2 at December 31, 1997. There were no nonaccrual loans included in restructured debt at December 31, 1996. The interest income recognized on restructured loans approximated $122, $158 and $161 during the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. At December 31, 1997, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose existing loans have been restructured or are classified as nonaccrual. Most of the Company's business activity is with customers within the states of Montana and Wyoming. Loans where the customers or related collateral are out of the Company's trade area are not significant and management's anticipated credit losses arising from these transactions compare favorably with the Company's credit loss experience on its loan portfolio as a whole. Certain executive officers and directors of the Company and certain corporations and individuals related to such persons, incurred indebtedness in the form of loans, as customers, of $15,329 at December 31, 1997 and $12,174 at December 31, 1996 (including outstanding loans of new executive officers and directors in 1997). During 1997, new loans and advances on existing loans of $11,613 were funded and repayments totaled $8,458. These loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable risk of collectibility. (5) ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES A summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses follows:
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance at beginning of year $ 27,797 15,171 13,726 Allowance of acquired banks - 10,553 917 Provision charged to operating expense 4,240 3,844 1,629 Less loans charged-off (6,951) (3,758) (2,117) Add back recoveries of loans previously charged-off 3,094 1,987 1,016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance at end of year $ 28,180 27,797 15,171 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(6) PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT Premises and equipment and related accumulated depreciation are as follows:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Land $ 9,639 8,350 Buildings and improvements 56,443 53,609 Furniture and equipment 24,253 24,689 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90,335 86,648 Less accumulated depreciation 29,061 28,465 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Premises and equipment, net $ 61,274 58,183 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Parent Company and a branch office lease premises from an affiliated partnership (see note 13). -59- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (7) OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED Other real estate owned (OREO) consists of the following:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other real estate $ 1,824 2,057 Less allowance for OREO losses 462 511 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 1,362 1,546 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A summary of transactions in the allowance for OREO losses follows:
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance at beginning of year $ 511 554 1,048 Provision (reversal) during the year (4) (21) (28) Property writedowns (45) (16) (449) Losses on sales - (6) (17) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Balance at end of year $ 462 511 554 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(8) CASH SURRENDER VALUE OF LIFE INSURANCE The Company maintains key-executive life insurance policies on certain principal shareholders. Under the key-executive insurance, the Company receives the cash surrender value if the policy is terminated, or receives all benefits payable upon the death of the insured. The aggregate face amount of key-executive insurance policies was $7,000 at December 31, 1997. Cash surrender values are recorded net of outstanding policy loans, since the Company has no current plans for repayment. Outstanding policy loans at December 31, 1997 and 1996 are $2,621 and $2,540, respectively. The net cash surrender value of key-executive insurance policies included in other assets is $400 and $278 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. During 1994, the Company provided insurance contracts for certain key officers. The net cash surrender value of these contracts is $1,525 and $1,365 at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively, and is included in other assets. Upon retirement, the officers have the option of entering into a split-dollar contract with the Company providing insurance coverage for the difference between the Company's cash surrender value and the face amount of the policy. The Company currently accrues the earned portion of the post-employment benefit. (9) DEPOSITS Deposits are summarized as follows:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Noninterest bearing demand $ 372,056 385,371 Interest bearing: Demand 314,185 316,964 Savings 431,446 396,845 Time, $100 and over 163,643 122,242 Time, other 523,676 458,002 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total interest bearing 1,432,950 1,294,053 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 1,805,006 1,679,424 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-60- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Maturities of time deposits at December 31, 1997 are as follows:
Time, $100 and Over Total Time ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998 $ 121,588 458,119 1999 34,024 158,629 2000 5,541 48,765 2001 1,790 11,273 2002 700 10,066 Thereafter - 467 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 163,643 687,319 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest expense on time deposits of $100 or more was $7,778, $5,514 and $4,581 for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. (10) INCOME TAXES Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Current: Federal $ 15,006 12,004 9,194 State 2,030 1,875 1,521 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17,036 13,879 10,715 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Deferred: Federal (1,140) (492) 134 State (166) (36) (5) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (1,306) (528) 129 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 15,730 13,351 10,844 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the Federal income tax rate of 35 percent in 1997, 1996 and 1995 to income before income taxes as a result of the following:
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tax expense at the statutory tax rate $ 14,555 12,108 9,863 Increase (decrease) in tax resulting from: Tax-exempt income (520) (472) (374) State income tax, net of Federal income tax benefit 1,211 1,190 985 Amortization of nondeductible Goodwill 311 318 289 Other, net 173 207 81 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 15,730 13,351 10,844 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-61- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) The tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities that give rise to significant portions of the net deferred tax asset relate to the following:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax assets: Loans, principally due to allowance for loan losses $ 9,296 8,712 Other real estate owned, principally due to differences in bases 283 118 Employee benefits 1,374 828 Other 275 45 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net deferred tax assets 11,228 9,703 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets, principally differences in bases and depreciation (928) (926) Investment in joint venture partnership, principally due to differences in depreciation of partnership assets (1,025) (904) Prepaid amounts (273) (138) Investment securities, principally differences in bases (550) (370) Investment securities available-for-sale (574) (293) Goodwill (1,896) (2,151) Other (36) - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net deferred tax liabilities (5,282) (4,782) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net deferred tax asset $ 5,946 4,921 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the existence of, or generation of, taxable income in the periods which those temporary differences are deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, taxes paid in carryback years, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the deferred tax assets are deductible, at December 31, 1997 management continues to believe it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences. The Company had current income taxes receivable of $286 at December 31, 1997 and current income taxes payable of $508 at December 31, 1996. -62- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (11) LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER BORROWED FUNDS A summary of long-term debt follows:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parent Company: Revolving term loan due December 31, 2003 at variable interest rates (7.44% weighted average rate at December 31, 1997) $ 6,700 39,200 7.50% subordinated notes, unsecured, interest payable semi-annually, due in increasing annual principal payments beginning October 1, 2002 in the amount of $3,400 with final maturity on October 1, 2006 20,000 20,000 Various unsecured notes payable to former stockholders at various rates of 5.80% to 8.50% due in annual installments aggregating $486, plus interest, through March 1999 710 1,196 Subsidiaries: Various notes payable to Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle, interest due monthly at various rates and maturities (weighted average rate of 6.53% at December 31, 1997) 4,116 4,271 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 31,526 64,667 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maturities of long-term debt for the years ending December 31 follow: 1998 $ 489 1999 667 2000 135 2001 51 2002 4,151 Thereafter 26,033 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 31,526 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The proceeds from issuance of the revolving term note, subordinated notes and preferred stock (see note 15) were utilized to fund acquisitions (see note 20). In connection with its borrowings, the Company has agreed to certain restrictions dealing with, among other things, minimum capital ratios, the sale or issuance of capital stock and the maximum amount of dividends. The Company has a revolving term loan with its primary lender in the amount of $6,700 at December 31, 1997. The available borrowing amount at December 31, 1997 of $19.3 million is reduced by $2,000 on a semi-annual basis. The revolving facility requires an annual commitment fee of 0.15% on the unadvanced amount. The Company may elect at various dates either prime or a Eurodollar rate which varies depending on the Company's capital ratios. The term note payable is secured by 100% of the outstanding capital stock of the Company's bank subsidiaries. The notes payable to Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (FHLB) are secured by FHLB stock, unencumbered residential real estate mortgages and certain mortgage-backed securities. -63- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) The following is a summary of other borrowed funds, all of which mature within one year:
December 31, 1997 1996 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interest bearing demand notes issued to the United States Treasury, secured by investment securities (5.16% weighted average rate at December 31, 1997) $ 11,591 11,071 5.45% interest bearing demand note issued to Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle paid in 1997 - 2,000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 11,591 13,071 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Company has Federal funds lines of credit with third parties amounting to $135,000, subject to funds availability. These lines are subject to cancellation without notice. The Company also has been approved for participation in the Federal Home Loan Bank Cash Management Advance Program for borrowings up to approximately $98,687. (12) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS PROFIT SHARING PLAN. The Company has a noncontributory profit sharing plan. To be eligible for the profit sharing plan, an employee must complete one year of employment and 1,000 hours or more of service. Quarterly contributions are determined by the Company's Board of Directors, but are not to exceed, on an individual basis, the lesser of 25% of compensation or $30. Contributions to this plan were $1,022, $839 and $685 in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. SAVINGS PLAN. In addition, the Company has a contributory employee savings plan. Eligibility requirements for this plan are the same as those for the profit sharing plan as discussed in the preceding paragraph. Employee participation in the plan is at the option of the employee. The Company contributes $1.25 for each $1.00 of employee contributions up to 4% of the participating employee's compensation. The recorded expense related to this plan was $1,030 in 1997, $814 in 1996 and $703 in 1995. STOCK OPTION PLAN. The Company has a Nonqualified Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Rights Plan for senior officers of the Company. All options and stock appreciation rights ("SAR's") granted have an exercise price of book value of the Company prior to 1993 and appraised value thereafter. Each option granted under the Plan can be immediately exercised up to ten years from the date of grant. SAR's are granted and exercised in tandem with options. The stock issued in conjunction with the exercise of options is subject to a shareholder agreement (see note 15). The consolidated expense related to this plan was $514 in 1997, $72 in 1996 and $170 in 1995. Information with respect to the Company's stock options and SAR's are as follows:
1997 1996 1995 Year ended December 31, Options SAR's Options SAR's Options SAR's -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outstanding, beginning of year 115,836 78,320 116,752 79,236 120,464 82,140 Granted 19,600 19,600 16,600 16,600 16,500 16,500 Exercised (12,232) (6,468) (17,516) (17,516) (20,212) (19,404) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outstanding, end of year 123,204 91,452 115,836 78,320 116,752 79,236 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-64- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Information with respect to the weighted-average stock option exercise prices are as follows:
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Granted during year $ 20.05 $ 17.86 $ 15.80 Exercised during year 5.83 4.95 5.68 Outstanding, end of year 12.73 9.67 8.89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stratification and additional detail regarding the exercisable options outstanding at December 31, 1997 are as follows:
Exercise Number Weighted-average Weighted-average price range outstanding remaining life exercise price ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ $4.56 - $ 7.61 39,704 2.56 years $ 6.45 $11.40 - $20.05 83,500 7.28 years 15.72 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Company has elected to continue to measure compensation costs as prescribed by APB Opinion No. 25 and, accordingly, does not recognize compensation expense on the options granted where the exercise price is equal to appraisal value at the date of grant. SFAS No. 123 requires the Company to disclose pro forma information reflecting net income and earnings per share had the Company elected to record compensation expense based on the fair value method described in SFAS No. 123. The fair value of the options was estimated at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions. Because the Company's common stock and stock options have characteristics significantly different from listed securities and traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, in management's opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its stock options. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in the valuation model: risk-free interest rates of 6.58%, 5.65% and 7.78% in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively; dividend yield of 4.03%, 2.50% and 2.67% in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively; and expected life of options of 10 years in 1997, 1996 and 1995. Pro forma disclosures, listed below, include options granted in 1997, 1996 and 1995 and are not likely to be representative of the pro forma disclosures for future years. The estimated fair value of the options is expensed in the year granted as all options are vested upon grant.
Year ending December 31, 1997 1996 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Net income as reported $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 Pro forma net income 25,692 21,102 17,211 Net income applicable to common stock as reported 24,401 20,818 17,337 Pro forma net income applicable to common stock 24,238 20,677 17,211 Basic earnings per common share as reported 3.07 2.65 2.22 Pro forma basic earnings per common share 3.05 2.63 2.20 Diluted earnings per common share as reported 3.05 2.64 2.21 Pro forma diluted earnings per common share 3.03 2.62 2.19 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-65- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (13) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES In the normal course of business, the Company is involved in various claims and litigation. In the opinion of management, following consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate liability or disposition thereof will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. During 1997, the Company purchased a 50% ownership interest in a Cessna aircraft. The investment is accounted for using the equity method. The Company is jointly and severally liable for aircraft indebtedness of $1,259 as of December 31, 1997. Usage charges and overhaul accruals expensed in 1997 totaled $104. The Parent Company and the Billings office of First Interstate Bank in Montana ("FIB Montana") are the anchor tenants in a building owned by a joint venture partnership in which FIB Montana is one of the two partners, and has a 50% partnership interest. The investment in the partnership is accounted for using the equity method. Indebtedness of the partnership in the amount of $10,405 at December 31, 1997 is recourse to the partners. Total rents paid to the partnership were $814 in 1997 and 1996 and $711 in 1995. The Company also leases certain premises and equipment from third parties under operating leases. Total rental expense to third parties was $1,204 in 1997, $1,019 in 1996 and $1,425 in 1995. The total future minimum rental commitments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 1997 are as follows:
Third parties Partnership Total ------------------------------------------------------------------------ For the year ending December 31: 1998 $ 407 814 1,221 1999 408 814 1,222 2000 307 814 1,121 2001 255 814 1,070 2002 221 814 1,035 Thereafter 1,495 2,240 3,734 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $ 3,093 6,310 9,403 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------
In September 1983, the Company entered into a franchise agreement ("Franchise Agreement") with First Interstate Bancorp ("First Interstate"), a Los Angeles based bank holding company which was acquired by Wells Fargo and Company April 1, 1996. Under the Franchise Agreement, the Company was First Interstate's exclusive licensee in the states of Montana and Wyoming. On May 24, 1996, the Company entered into a trademark license agreement granting the Company and its subsidiaries an exclusive, nontransferable license to use the "First Interstate" name and logo in the states of Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska and the franchise agreement was terminated. (14) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of amounts recorded in the consolidated balance sheet. -66- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees written are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Most commitments extend less than two years. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Company holds various collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained is based on management's credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income-producing commercial properties. The Company's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. Generally, all standby letters of credit and commitments to extend credit are subject to annual renewal. At December 31, 1997, stand-by letters of credit in the amount of $20,692, were outstanding. Commitments to extend credit to existing and new borrowers approximated $297,767 at December 31, 1997, which includes $30,513 on unused credit card lines. (15) CAPITAL STOCK On September 26, 1996 ("Issuance Date"), the Company issued 20,000 shares of no par noncumulative perpetual preferred stock ("Preferred Stock") at a price of $1,000 per share. The holders of Preferred Stock were entitled to receive dividends in cash at the rate of $85.30 per share. On November 7, 1997, the Preferred Stock was redeemed at a price of $1,000 per share plus accrued but unpaid dividends of $178. In conjunction with the redemption the Company recorded a $500 prepayment penalty. At December 31, 1997 nearly all shares of common stock held by shareholders are subject to shareholder's agreements (Agreements). Under the Agreements, the Company has a right of first refusal to repurchase shares from the shareholder at minority interest appraised value in the event of a proposed sale of shares to a third party, death, disability or termination of employment. Additional shares purchased by officers, directors and employees after 1993 are also subject to repurchase at the Company's discretion. (16) MANDATORILY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SECURITIES OF SUBSIDIARY TRUST FIB Capital Trust ("Trust"), a wholly-owned statutory business trust, was formed on October 1, 1997 with an initial capitalization of $1.2 million. The Trust was formed for the exclusive purpose of issuing Capital Trust Preferred Securities ("trust preferred securities") and using the proceeds to purchase Junior Subordinated Debentures ("subordinated debentures") issued by the Company. The sole assets of the Trust are the subordinated debentures. On November 7, 1997, the Trust issued $40,000 of trust preferred securities bearing a cumulative fixed interest rate of 8.625% and maturing on December 1, 2027. Interest distributions are payable quarterly beginning December 31, 1997. The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the subordinated debentures at their stated maturity date or their earlier redemption in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. The Company guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the trust preferred securities to the extent of funds held by the Trust. The obligations of the Company under the subordinated debentures together with the guarantee and other back-up obligations, in the aggregate, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the obligations of the Trust under the trust preferred securities. -67- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Also on November 7, 1997, the Company issued $41,237 in subordinated debentures, the proceeds of which were used to redeem $20,000 of Preferred Stock and paydown revolving term debt. The subordinated debentures are unsecured, bear interest at a rate of 8.625% per annum and mature on December 1, 2027. Interest is payable quarterly beginning December 31, 1997. The Company may defer the payment of interest at any time from time to time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters provided that deferral period does not extend past the stated maturity. During any such deferral period, distributions on the trust preferred securities will also be deferred and the Company's ability to pay dividends on its common shares will be restricted. Subject to approval by the Federal Reserve Bank, the trust preferred securities may be redeemed prior to maturity at the Company's option on or after December 1, 2002. The trust preferred securities may also be redeemed at any time in whole (but not in part) in the event of unfavorable changes in laws or regulations that result in (1) FIB Capital becoming subject to federal income tax on income received on the subordinated debentures, (2) interest payable by FIBS on the subordinated debentures becoming non-deductible for federal tax purposes, (3) the requirement for FIB Capital to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (4) loss of the ability to treat the trust preferred securities as "Tier 1 capital" under the Federal Reserve capital adequacy guidelines. The trust preferred securities qualify as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes. Issuance costs consisting primarily of underwriting discounts and professional fees of approximately $2,323 have been capitalized and are being amortized through maturity to interest expense using the straight-line method. (17) CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (PARENT COMPANY ONLY) Following is condensed financial information of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc.:
December 31, 1997 1996 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS: Cash and cash equivalents $ 3,208 2,905 Investment in subsidiaries, at equity: First Interstate Bank in Montana 136,349 133,443 First Interstate Bank in Wyoming 69,820 68,105 Non-bank subsidiary - Commerce Financial, Inc. 481 408 Non-bank subsidiary - FIB Capital Trust 1,237 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total investment in subsidiaries, at equity 207,887 201,956 Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization 2,339 2,633 Other assets 6,478 4,068 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 219,912 211,562 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Other liabilities $ 5,580 5,105 Long-term debt 68,665 60,396 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74,245 65,501 Stockholders' equity 145,667 146,061 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $ 219,912 211,562 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-68- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Year ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME: Dividends from subsidiary banks $ 25,857 19,529 10,993 Interest on note receivable from non-bank subsidiary 5 15 32 Other interest income 70 143 30 Other income, primarily management fees from subsidiaries 2,340 1,788 1,508 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total income 28,272 21,475 12,563 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Salaries and benefits 3,262 2,627 2,370 Interest expense 4,861 1,919 1,010 Other operating expenses, net 3,406 2,612 1,835 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total expenses 11,529 7,158 5,215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Data Division income, net of operating expenses 2,411 1,990 1,667 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Earnings before income tax benefits 19,154 16,307 9,015 Income tax benefit 2,401 979 565 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income before undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 21,555 17,286 9,580 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries 4,300 3,957 7,757 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net income $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS: Cash flows from operating activities: Net income $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries (4,300) (3,957) (7,757) Depreciation and amortization 303 311 312 Provision for deferred income taxes (532) 11 348 Deposit on bank acquisition - - 250 Other, net 1,119 802 967 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash provided by operating activities 22,445 18,410 11,457 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash flows from investing activities: Net decrease in advances to non-bank subsidiary 96 133 154 Purchase of investments (293) - - Maturities of investments - - 7,500 Decrease (increase) in premises and equipment 6 (2) (1,095) Capitalization of de novo subsidiary - (2,000) - Capitalization of non-bank subsidiary (1,237) - - Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net - (80,393) (17,478) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash used in investing activities (1,428) (82,262) (10,919) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-69- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Year ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED): Cash flows from financing activities: Borrowings of long-term debt $ 46,987 66,939 8,484 Repayments of long-term debt (38,736) (17,410) (3,066) Debt issuance costs, net (2,323) - - Dividends paid on common stock (7,737) (6,028) (3,733) Payments to retire common stock (1,322) (1,229) (1,197) Payments to retire preferred stock (20,000) - - Issuance of common stock 3,871 3,478 358 Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net of issuance costs - 19,542 - Dividends paid on preferred stock (1,454) (425) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (20,714) 64,867 846 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 303 1,015 1,384 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 2,905 1,890 506 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 3,208 2,905 1,890 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(18) DISCLOSURE ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding comparable market interest rates, future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. For financial instruments bearing a variable interest rate, it is presumed that recorded book values are reasonable estimates of fair value. The methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair values for the various financial instruments are set forth below. FINANCIAL ASSETS. Due to the liquid and/or short-term nature of cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing deposits in bank, carrying value of these instruments approximates market value. Fair values of investment securities are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities. Fair value of fixed rate loans is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using discount rates based on secondary market sources, if available, or based on estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan category. The fair value of adjustable rate loans approximates the carrying value of these instruments due to the frequent repricing, provided there have been no changes in credit quality since origination. -70- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AND TRUST SECURITIES. The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using external market rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. The term note payable and revolving term loan bear interest at a floating market rate and, as such, the carrying amounts are deemed to reflect fair value. The carrying value of the interest bearing demand notes to the United States Treasury is deemed an approximation of fair value due to the frequent repayment and repricing at market rates. The book value of the subordinated notes approximates fair value estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates for advances with similar characteristics. Fair value of the mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust is based on quoted market price. COMMITMENTS TO EXTEND CREDIT AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT. It is not practicable to estimate the fair value of commitments to extend credit because information necessary to support fair value estimations is not readily available. A summary of the estimated fair values of financial instruments follows:
1997 1996 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated As of December 31, Amount Fair Value Amount Fair Value -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial assets: Cash and short-term investments $ 229,147 229,147 172,452 172,452 Securities available-for-sale 188,650 188,650 124,502 124,502 Securities held-to-maturity 236,953 238,122 279,069 278,876 Net loans 1,442,234 1,431,068 1,347,682 1,344,336 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total financial assets $2,096,984 2,086,987 1,923,705 1,920,166 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Financial liabilities and trust preferred securities: Total deposits, excluding time deposits $1,117,687 1,117,687 1,099,180 1,099,180 Time deposits 687,319 696,004 580,244 587,718 Federal funds purchased 4,025 4,025 13,450 13,450 Securities sold under repurchase agreements 176,350 176,350 129,137 129,137 Other borrowed funds 11,591 11,591 13,071 13,071 Long-term debt 31,526 31,526 64,667 64,667 Mandatorily redeemable preferred securities of subsidiary trust 40,000 43,600 - - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total financial liabilities and trust preferred securities $2,068,498 2,080,783 1,899,749 1,907,223 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-71- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (19) EARNINGS PER SHARE Following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations for the periods indicated:
Weighted-Average Income Shares Per Share For the years ended December 31, (Numerator) (Denominator) Amount -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1997: Net income $25,855 Less preferred stock dividends (1,454) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic EPS: Income available to common stockholders 24,401 7,946,092 3.07 Effect of Dilutive Securities: Options - 41,829 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diluted EPS: Income available to common stockholders and assumed conversions $24,401 7,987,921 3.05 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1996: Net income $21,243 Less preferred stock dividends (425) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic EPS: Income available to common stockholders 20,818 7,847,668 2.65 Effect of Dilutive Securities: Options - 33,356 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diluted EPS: Income available to common stockholders and assumed conversions $20,818 7,881,024 2.64 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1995: Net income $17,337 Less preferred stock dividends - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Basic EPS: Income available to common stockholders 17,337 7,815,612 2.22 Effect of Dilutive Securities: Options - 28,032 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Diluted EPS: Income available to common stockholders and assumed conversions $17,337 7,843,644 2.21 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-72- FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONCLUDED - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) (20) ACQUISITIONS AND EXPANSION FIRST CITIZENS BANK OF BOZEMAN. On January 3, 1995, the Company acquired all of the outstanding ownership of Citizens BancShares, Inc. and its bank subsidiary, First Citizens Bank of Bozeman (collectively "CBI"). The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 1995 includes CBI's results of operations since the date of the purchase. CBI was merged with First Interstate Bank of Commerce of Montana in 1995. FIRST NATIONAL PARK BANK. On May 19, 1995, the Company acquired all of the outstanding ownership of First Park County Bancshares, Inc. and its bank subsidiary, First National Park Bank (collectively "FPCBI"). The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 1995 includes FPCBI's results of operations since the date of the purchase. FPCBI was merged with First Interstate Bank of Commerce of Montana in 1995. FIRST INTERSTATE BANK, FSB. In November 1995, the Company filed an application with the Office of Thrift Supervision for permission to form a de novo savings bank in Hamilton, Montana. Upon approval, the Company capitalized the savings bank at $2,000 and opened the bank on December 12, 1996. Effective December 22, 1997, the savings bank was combined with and became a branch of First Interstate Bank in Montana. FIRST INTERSTATE BANK OF MONTANA, N.A. AND FIRST INTERSTATE BANK OF WYOMING, N.A. On October 1, 1996, the Company acquired all of the outstanding ownership of First Interstate Bank of Montana, N.A. (FIBNA-MT) and First Interstate Bank of Wyoming, N.A. (FIBNA-WY). The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 1996 includes FIBNA-MT's and FIBNA-WY's results of operations since the date of purchase. During June 1997, FIBNA-MT merged with First Interstate Bank in Montana and FIBNA-WY merged with First Interstate Bank in Wyoming. MOUNTAIN BANK OF WHITEFISH. On December 18, 1996, the Company acquired all of the outstanding ownership of Mountain Bank of Whitefish (FIB-Whitefish). The transaction was accounted for as a purchase and, accordingly, the consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 1996 includes FIB-Whitefish's results of operations since the date of purchase. During June 1997, FIB-Whitefish merged with First Interstate Bank in Montana. MOUNTAIN FINANCIAL. On February 5, 1997, First Interstate Bank in Montana purchased the assets of Mountain Financial, a loan production office in Eureka, Montana. The total cash purchase price of the assets aggregated $1,726, of which $166 was for premises and equipment and the remaining $1,560 was for loans acquired. Mountain Financial subsequently became a branch of First Interstate Bank in Montana. During June 1997, the Company finalized its allocation of purchase price related to the 1996 acquisitions of FIBNA-MT, FIBNA-WY and FIB-Whitefish. Changes in preliminary estimates of the fair value of loans, other assets and other liabilities resulted in a $3,572 decrease in goodwill. -73- (a) 2. Financial statement schedules All other schedules to the consolidated financial statements of the Registrant are omitted since the required information is either not applicable, deemed immaterial, or is shown in the respective financial statements or in notes thereto. (a) 3. Exhibits 3.1(1) Restated Articles of Incorporation dated February 27, 1986 3.2(2) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated September 26, 1996 3.3(2) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated September 26, 1996 3.4(6) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated October 7, 1997 3.5(3) Bylaws of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 4.1(4) Specimen of common stock certificate of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 4.2(1) Stockholder's Agreement for non-Scott family members 4.3 Junior Subordinated Indenture dated November 7, 1997 entered into between First Interstate and Wilmington Trust Company, as Indenture Trustee 4.4(6) Certificate of Trust of FIB Capital Trust dated as of October 1, 1997 4.5(6) Trust Agreement of FIB Capital dated as of October 1, 1997 4.6 Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of FIB Capital Trust 4.7 Trust Preferred Certificate of FIB Capital Trust (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 4.8 Common Securities Certificate of FIB Capital Trust (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 4.9 Guarantee Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company 4.10 Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 10.1(2) Loan Agreement dated October 1, 1996, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as borrower, and First Security Bank, N.A., Colorado National Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 10.2(2) Note Purchase Agreement dated August 30, 1996, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and the Montana Board of Investments 10.3(1) Lease Agreement Between Billings 401 Joint Venture and First Interstate Bank Montana and addendum thereto 10.4(5) + Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as amended December 31, 1994 10.5(3) + Amendment to the Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. adopted September 21, 1995 10.6(3) + First Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated December 20, 1995 10.7(3) + Second Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated July 18, 1996 10.8(3) + Third Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated September 19, 1996 10.9(3) + Fourth Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated January 16, 1997 10.10(6) + Fifth Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated September 18, 1997 10.11(1) + Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Rights Plan of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as amended 10.12(1) First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. Stockholders' Agreements with Scott family members 10.13(5) Amendment to First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. Stockholder's Agreement with Scott family members dated September 7, 1995 10.14(5) Credit Agreement between Billings 401 Joint Venture and Colorado National Bank dated as of September 26, 1995 10.15(3) Trademark License Agreement between Wells Fargo & Company and First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 10.16+(6) Resignation Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and William H. Ruegamer
12.1 Statement Regarding Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges 21.1 Subsidiaries of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule as of December 31, 1997 27.2 Financial Data Schedule (Restated) for First, Second and Third Quarters 1997 27.3 Financial Data Schedule (Restated) as of December 31, 1996 and for Second and Third Quarters 1996
+ Management contract or compensatory plan. (1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-84540. (2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 8-K dated October 1, 1996. (3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-25633. (4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-3250. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 33-84540. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-37847. (b) Reports on Form 8-K No reports on Form 8-K were filed during the fourth quarter of 1997. (c) Exhibits See Item 14(a)3 above. (d) Financial Statements Schedules See Item 14(a)2 above. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Billings, State of Montana. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By /s/ THOMAS W. SCOTT MARCH 23, 1998 ----------------------------------- ------------- Thomas W. Scott Date President and Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the dates indicated. By: /s/ HOMER A. SCOTT, JR. MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Homer A. Scott, Jr. Date Chairman By: /s/ DAN S. SCOTT MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Dan S. Scott Date Director By: /s/ JAMES R. SCOTT* MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- James R. Scott, Vice Chairman Date of the Board By: /s/ RANDALL I. SCOTT MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Randall I. Scott, Director Date By: /s/ JOHN M. HEYNEMAN MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- John M. Heyneman, Director Date By: /s/ JOEL LONG MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Joel Long, Director Date By: /s/ JAMES HAUGH MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- James Haugh, Director Date By: /s/ THOMAS W. SCOTT MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Thomas W. Scott Date President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal executive officer) By: /s/ TERRILL R. MOORE MARCH 23, 1998 - ----------------------------------- --------------- Terrill R. Moore Date Senior Vice President, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary (Principal financial and accounting officer) SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TO BE FURNISHED WITH REPORTS FILED PURSUANT TO SECTION 15(d) OF THE ACT BY REGISTRANTS WHICH HAVE NOT REGISTERED SECURITIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE ACT The Registrant has not yet provided any annual report to security holders covering the 1997 fiscal year, nor has any proxy statement, form of proxy or other proxy soliciting material been sent to any security holder of the Registrant with respect to the Registrant's 1998 annual meeting of shareholders. If any such annual report or proxy material is sent to security holders subsequent to the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Registrant shall furnish copies of such report and material to the Commission when it is sent to security holders.
EXHIBIT INDEX Exhibit No. Description 3.1(1) Restated Articles of Incorporation dated February 27, 1986 3.2(2) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated September 26, 1996 3.3(2) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated September 26, 1996 3.4(6) Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation dated October 7, 1997 3.5(3) Bylaws of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 4.1(4) Specimen of common stock certificate of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 4.2(1) Stockholder's Agreement for non-Scott family members 4.3 Junior Subordinated Indenture dated November 7, 1997 entered into between First Interstate and Wilmington Trust Company, as Indenture Trustee 4.4(6) Certificate of Trust of FIB Capital Trust dated as of October 1, 1997 4.5(6) Trust Agreement of FIB Capital dated as of October 1, 1997 4.6 Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of FIB Capital Trust 4.7 Trust Preferred Certificate of FIB Capital Trust (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 4.8 Common Securities Certificate of FIB Capital Trust (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 4.9 Guarantee Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and Wilmington Trust Company 4.10 Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities (included as an exhibit to Exhibit 4.6) 10.1(2) Loan Agreement dated October 1, 1996, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as borrower, and First Security Bank, N.A., Colorado National Bank, N.A. and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 10.2(2) Note Purchase Agreement dated August 30, 1996, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and the Montana Board of Investments 10.3(1) Lease Agreement Between Billings 401 Joint Venture and First Interstate Bank Montana and addendum thereto 10.4(5) + Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as amended December 31, 1994 10.5(3) + Amendment to the Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. adopted September 21, 1995 10.6(3) + First Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated December 20, 1995 10.7(3) + Second Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated July 18, 1996 10.8(3) + Third Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated September 19, 1996 10.9(3) + Fourth Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated January 16, 1997 10.10(6) + Fifth Amendment to Savings and Profit Sharing Plan for Employees of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. dated September 18, 1997 10.11(1) + Stock Option and Stock Appreciation Rights Plan of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., as amended 10.12(1) First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. Stockholders' Agreements with Scott family members 10.13(5) Amendment to First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. Stockholder's Agreement with Scott family members dated September 7, 1995 10.14(5) Credit Agreement between Billings 401 Joint Venture and Colorado National Bank dated as of September 26, 1995 10.15(3) Trademark License Agreement between Wells Fargo & Company and First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 10.16+(6) Resignation Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. and William H. Ruegamer
12.1 Statement Regarding Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges 21.1 Subsidiaries of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 27.1 Financial Data Schedule as of December 31, 1997 27.2 Financial Data Schedule (Restated) for First, Second and Third Quarters 1997 27.3 Financial Data Schedule (Restated) as of December 31, 1996 and for Second and Third Quarters 1996
+ Management contract or compensatory plan. (1) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-84540. (2) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Form 8-K dated October 1, 1996. (3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-25633. (4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-3250. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 33-84540. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, No. 333-37847.
EX-4.3 2 EXHIBIT 4.3 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE BY FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., TO WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE DATED AS OF NOVEMBER 7, 1997 8 5/8% JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES DUE DECEMBER 1, 2027 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Article I Definitions And Other Provisions of General Application . . . . . 1 Section 1.1. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 1.2. Compliance Certificate and Opinions . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section 1.3. Forms of Documents Delivered to Trustee . . . . . . . .10 Section 1.4. Acts of Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 1.5. Notices, Etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Section 1.6. Notice to Holders; Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Section 1.7. Conflict with Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . . .13 Section 1.8. Effect of Headings and Table of Contents . . . . . . . .14 Section 1.9. Successors and Assigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Section 1.10. Separability Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Section 1.11. Benefits of Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Section 1.12. Governing Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Section 1.13. Non-Business Days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Article II Security Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Section 2.1. Forms Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Section 2.2. Form of Face of Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Section 2.3. Form of Reverse of Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Section 2.4. Additional Provisions Required in Global Security . . .21 Section 2.5. Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication . . . .21 Article III The Securities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 3.1. Title and Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 3.2. Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating . . . . .24 Section 3.3. Temporary Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Section 3.4. Registration, Transfer and Exchange . . . . . . . . . .25 Section 3.5. Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities . . . .27 Section 3.6. Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved . . . . .28 Section 3.7. Persons Deemed Owners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Section 3.8. Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Section 3.9. Computation of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Section 3.10. Deferrals of Interest Payment Dates . . . . . . . . . .30 Section 3.11. Right of Set-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Section 3.12. Agreed Tax Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Section 3.13. Shortening of Stated Maturity . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Section 3.14. CUSIP Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 i Article IV Satisfaction And Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Section 4.1. Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture . . . . . . . .32 Section 4.2. Application of Trust Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Article V Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Section 5.1. Events of Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Section 5.2. Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment . . .34 Section 5.3. Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Section 5.4. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Section 5.5. Trustee May Enforce Claim Without Possession of Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Section 5.6. Application of Money Collected . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Section 5.7. Limitation on Suits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Section 5.8. Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium and Interest; Direct Action by Holders of Trust Preferred Securities . . . . . . . . .39 Section 5.9. Restoration of Rights and Remedies . . . . . . . . . . .39 Section 5.10. Rights and Remedies Cumulative . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Section 5.11. Delay or Omission Not Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Section 5.12. Control by Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Section 5.13. Waiver of Past Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Section 5.14. Undertaking for Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Section 5.15. Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws . . . . . . . .41 Article VI The Trustee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Section 6.1. Certain Duties and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . .41 Section 6.2. Notice of Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Section 6.3. Certain Rights of Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Section 6.4. Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities .44 Section 6.5. May Hold Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Section 6.6. Money Held in Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Section 6.7. Compensation and Reimbursement . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 Section 6.8. Disqualification; Conflicting Interests . . . . . . . .45 Section 6.9. Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility . . . . . . . .45 Section 6.10. Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor . . .46 Section 6.11. Acceptance of Appointment by Successor . . . . . . . . .47 Section 6.12. Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Section 6.13. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company . . .48 Section 6.14. Appointment of Authenticating Agent . . . . . . . . . .48 Article VII Holders' Lists and Reports by Trustee and Company . . . . . . .50 Section 7.1. Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 ii Section 7.2. Preservation of Information, Communications to Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Section 7.3. Reports by Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Section 7.4. Reports by Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 Article VIII Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease . . . . .52 Section 8.1. Company May Consolidate, Etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Section 8.2. Successor Corporation Substituted . . . . . . . . . . .52 Article IX Supplemental Indentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Section 9.1. Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders . . .53 Section 9.2. Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders . . . .54 Section 9.3. Execution of Supplemental Indentures . . . . . . . . . .55 Section 9.4. Effect of Supplemental Indentures . . . . . . . . . . .55 Section 9.5. Conformity with Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . .56 Section 9.6. Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures . . .56 Article X Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Section 10.1. Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest . . . . . . .56 Section 10.2. Maintenance of Office or Agency . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Section 10.3. Money for Security Payments to be Held in Trust . . . .57 Section 10.4. Statement as to Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Section 10.5. Waiver of Certain Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Section 10.6. Additional Sums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Section 10.7. Additional Covenants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Article XI Redemption of Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Section 11.1. Applicability of This Article . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Section 11.2. Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee . . . . . . . . .60 Section 11.3. Selection of Securities to be Redeemed . . . . . . . . .61 Section 11.4. Notice of Redemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Section 11.5. Deposit of Redemption Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Section 11.6. Payment of Securities Called for Redemption . . . . . .62 Section 11.7. Right of Redemption of Securities Initially Issued to the Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Article XII Subordination of Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Section 12.1. Securities Subordinate to Senior and Subordinated Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Section 12.2. Payment over of Proceeds upon Dissolution, Etc . . . . .63 Section 12.3. Prior Payment to Senior and Subordinated Debt upon Acceleration of Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Section 12.4. No Payment When Senior and Subordinated Debt in Default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 Section 12.5. Payment Permitted If No Default . . . . . . . . . . . .66 iii Section 12.6. Subrogation to Rights of Holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66 Section 12.7. Provisions Solely to Define Relative Rights . . . . . .66 Section 12.8. Trustee to Effectuate Subordination . . . . . . . . . .67 Section 12.9. No Waiver of Subordination Provisions . . . . . . . . .67 Section 12.10. Notice to Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Section 12.11. Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Section 12.12. Trustee Not Fiduciary for Holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Section 12.13. Rights of Trustee as Holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt; Preservation of Trustee's Rights . .69 Section 12.14. Article Applicable to Paying Agents . . . . . . . . . .69 Section 12.15. Certain Conversions or Exchanges Deemed Payment . . . .69 iv ANNEXES Annex A Guarantee Agreement Annex B Trust Agreement Annex C Amended and Restated Trust Agreement v FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. Reconciliation and tie between the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (including cross- references to provisions of Sections 310 to and including 317 which, pursuant to Section 318(c) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended by the Trust Reform Act of 1990, are a part of and govern the Indenture whether or not physically contained therein) and the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of November 7, 1997. Trust Indenture Indenture Act Section Section ----------- ------- 310 (a) (1), (2) and (5). . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (a) (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (a) (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8;6.10 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable 311 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(a) (2) 312 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2(a) (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2(b) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2(c) 313 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(a) (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(b) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(a), 7.3(b) (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(c) 314 (a) (1), (2) and (3). . . . . . . . . . 7.4 (a) (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (c) (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 (c) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 (c) (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 (f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable vi 315 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1(a) (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3(a) (6) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1(b) (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 (c) (d) (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1(a) (1) (d) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1(c) (2) (d) (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1(c) (3) (e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.14 316 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 (a) (1) (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 (a) (1) (B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.13 (a) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not Applicable (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4(f) 317 (a) (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 (a) (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 318 (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 ______________ Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Junior Subordinated Indenture. vii JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE JUNIOR SUBORDINATED INDENTURE, dated as of November 7, 1997, between FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., a Montana corporation (hereinafter called the "Company"), having its principal office at 401 North 31st Street, Billings, MT 59101, and WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware banking corporation, as Trustee (hereinafter called the "Trustee"). RECITALS OF THE COMPANY The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its 8 5/8% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures, due December 1, 2027 (hereinafter called the "Securities"), as hereinafter provided, which Securities will be issued to evidence loans made to the Company of the proceeds from the issuance by FIB Capital Trust (the "Trust"), a business trust formed under the laws of the State of Delaware, of the Trust Preferred Securities (Liquidation Amount $25 per Trust Preferred Security) (the "Trust Preferred Securities") and common interests in such Trust (the "Common Securities" and, collectively with the Trust Preferred Securities, the "Trust Securities"), and to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered. All things necessary to make the Securities, when executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered hereunder and duly issued by the Company, the valid obligations of the Company, and to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with their and its terms, have been done. NOW THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH: For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities, as follows: ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION Section 1.1. DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires: (1) The terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article, and include the plural as well as the singular; (2) All other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; (3) All accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and the term "generally accepted accounting principles" with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles which are generally accepted at the date or time of such computation; provided, that when two or more principles are so generally accepted, it shall mean that set of principles consistent with those in use by the Company; and (4) The words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. "1940 Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. "Act" when used with respect to any Holder has the meaning specified in Section 1.4. "Additional Interest" means the interest, if any, that shall accrue on any interest on the Securities the payment of which has not been made on the applicable Interest Payment Date and which shall accrue at the rate per annum specified or determined as specified in such Security. "Additional Sums" has the meaning specified in Section 10.6. "Additional Taxes" means the sum of any additional taxes, duties and other governmental charges to which the Trust has become subject from time to time as a result of a Tax Event. "Administrative Trustee" means, in respect of the Trust, each Person identified as an "Administrative Trustee" or an "Administrative Agent" in the Trust Agreement, solely in such Person's capacity as Administrative Trustee or an Administrative Agent, as the case may be, of such Trust under such Trust Agreement and not in such Person's individual capacity, or any successor administrative trustee or successor administrative agent, as the case may be, appointed as therein provided. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person; provided, however, that the Trust shall not be deemed to be an Affiliate of the Company. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. "Allocable Amounts," when used with respect to any Senior and Subordinated Debt, means all amounts due or to become due on such Senior and Subordinated Debt 2 less, if applicable, any amount which would have been paid to, and retained by, the holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt (whether as a result of the receipt of payments by the holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt from the Company or any other obligor thereon or from any holders of, or trustee in respect of, other indebtedness that is subordinate and junior in right of payment to such Senior and Subordinated Debt pursuant to any provision of such indebtedness for the payment over of amounts received on account of such indebtedness to the holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt or otherwise) but for the fact that such Senior and Subordinated Debt is subordinate or junior in right of payment to (or subject to a requirement that amounts received on such Senior and Subordinated Debt be paid over to obligees on) trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business. "Authenticating Agent" means any Person authorized by the Trustee pursuant to Section 6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate the Securities. "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Company or any committee of that board duly authorized to act hereunder. "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors, or such committee of the Board of Directors or officers of the Company to which authority to act on behalf of the Board of Directors has been delegated, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the Trustee. "Business Day" means any day other than (i) a Saturday or Sunday, (ii) a day on which banking institutions in the State of Montana are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed or (iii) a day on which the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee is closed for business. "Capital Treatment Event" means the reasonable determination by the Company that, as a result of any amendment to, or change (including any prospective change) in, the laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision thereof or therein, or as a result of any official or administrative pronouncement or action or judicial decision interpreting or applying such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is effective or such prospective change, pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the Trust Preferred Securities, there is more than an insubstantial risk of impairment of the Company's ability to treat the Trust Preferred Securities (or any substantial portion thereof) as "Tier I Capital" (or the then equivalent thereof) for purposes of the capital adequacy guidelines of the Federal Reserve, as then in effect and applicable to the Company. "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties on such date. 3 "Common Securities" has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. "Common Stock" means the common stock, without par value, of the Company. "Company" means the Person named as the "Company" in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor corporation shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Company" shall mean such successor corporation. "Company Request" and "Company Order" mean, respectively, the written request or order signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, its President or a Vice President, and by its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. "Corporate Trust Office" means the principal office of the Trustee at which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered. "Corporation" includes a corporation, association, company, joint-stock company or business trust. "Debt" means, with respect to any Person, whether recourse is to all or a portion of the assets of such Person and whether or not contingent, (i) every obligation of such Person for money borrowed; (ii) every obligation of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or other similar instruments, including obligations incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, assets or businesses; (iii) every reimbursement obligation of such Person with respect to letters of credit, bankers' acceptances or similar facilities issued for the account of such Person; (iv) every obligation of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services (but excluding trade accounts payable or accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business); (v) every capital lease obligation of such Person; (vi) all indebtedness of such Person whether incurred on or prior to the date of this Indenture or thereafter incurred, for claims in respect of derivative products, including interest rate, foreign exchange rate and commodity forward contracts, options and swaps and similar arrangements; and (vii) every obligation of the type referred to in clauses (i) through (vi) of another Person and all dividends of another Person the payment of which, in either case, such Person has guaranteed or is responsible or liable for, directly or indirectly, as obligor or otherwise. "Defaulted Interest" has the meaning specified in Section 3.6. "Depositary" means, with respect to the Securities issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, The Depository Trust Company of New York (or any successor thereto). 4 "Discount Security" means any security which provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 5.2. "Distributions," means amounts payable in respect of such Trust Securities as provided in the Trust Agreement and referred to therein as "Distributions." "Dollar" or "U.S. $" means the currency of the United States of America that, as at the time of payment, is legal tender for the payment of public and private debts. "Event of Default" has the meaning specified in Article V. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time. "Extension Period" has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(d). "Federal Reserve" has the meaning specified in Section 3.1(f). "Global Security" means a Security in the form prescribed in Section 2.4 evidencing all or part of the Securities, issued to the Depositary or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or its nominee. "Guarantee" means the guarantee by the Company of Distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities to the extent provided in the Guarantee Agreement. "Guarantee Agreement" means the Guarantee Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex A, as amended from time to time. "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in the Securities Register. "Indenture" means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof. "Interest Payment Date" means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Securities. "Investment Company Event" means the receipt by the Trust of an Opinion of Counsel, rendered by a law firm experienced in such matters, to the effect that, as a result of change in law or regulation or a change in interpretation or application of law or regulation by any legislative body, court, governmental agency or regulatory authority, such Trust is or will be considered an "investment company" that is required to be registered under the 1940 Act, which change becomes effective on or after the date of original issuance of the Trust Preferred Securities. 5 "Junior Subordinated Payment" has the meaning specified in Section 12.2. "Maturity" when used with respect to a Security, means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. "Notice of Default" means a written notice of the kind specified in Section 5.1(3). "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Company, and who shall be acceptable to the Trustee. "Original Issue Date" means the date of issuance specified as such in a Security. "Outstanding" means as of the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture, except: (i) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; (ii) Securities for whose payment money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent in trust for the Holders of such Securities; and (iii) Securities in substitution for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered or which have been paid pursuant to Section 3.6, unless proof satisfactory to the Trustee is presented that any such Securities are held by Holders in whose hands such Securities are valid, binding and legal obligations of the Company; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities 6 and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor. Upon the written request of the Trustee, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee promptly an Officers' Certificate listing and identifying all Securities, if any, known by the Company to be owned or held by or for the account of the Company, or any other obligor on the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such obligor, and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be entitled to accept such Officers' Certificate as conclusive evidence of the facts therein set forth and of the fact that all Securities not listed therein are Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination. "Paying Agent" means the Trustee or any Person authorized by the Company to pay) the principal of or interest on any Securities on behalf of the Company. "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. "Place of Payment" means the place or places where the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities are payable pursuant to Sections 3.1 and 3.11. "Predecessor Security" of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any security authenticated and delivered under Section 3.6 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security. "Proceeding" has the meaning specified in Section 12.2. "Property Trustee" means the commercial bank or trust company identified as the "Property Trustee" in the Trust Agreement, solely in its capacity as Property Trustee of the Trust under such Trust Agreement and not in its individual capacity, or its successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor property trustee appointed as therein provided. "Redemption Date," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture. "Redemption Price," when used with respect to any Security to be redeemed, means an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities so redeemed to the Redemption Date, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on any Interest Payment Date means, (i) in the case of Securities represented by one or more Global Securities, the Business Day next preceding such Interest Payment Date and (ii) in the case of 7 Securities not represented by one or more Global Securities, the date which is fifteen days next preceding such Interest Payment Date (whether or not a Business Day). "Responsible Officer" when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer of the Trustee assigned by the Trustee from time to time to administer its corporate trust matters. "Securities" or "Security" means any securities or security, as the case may be, authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. "Securities Register" and "Securities Registrar" have the respective meanings specified in Section 3.5. "Senior and Subordinated Debt" means the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any (including interest accruing on or after the filing of any petition in bankruptcy or for reorganization relating to the Company whether or not such claim for post-petition interest is allowed in such proceeding), on Debt of the Company, whether incurred on or prior to the date of this Indenture or thereafter incurred, unless, in the instrument creating or evidencing the same or pursuant to which the same is outstanding, it is provided that such obligations are not superior in right of payment to the Securities, provided, however, that Senior and Subordinated Debt shall not be deemed to include (a) any Debt of the Company which, when incurred and without respect to any election under Section 1111(b) of the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978, as amended, was without recourse to the Company, (b) any Debt of the Company to any of its Subsidiaries, (c) Debt to any employee of the Company and (d) any Securities. "Special Record Date" for the payment of any Defaulted Interest means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.6. "Stated Maturity" when used with respect to a Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon means the date specified pursuant to the terms of such Security and this Indenture as the date on which the principal of such Security or such installment of interest is due and payable, in the case of such principal, as such date may be shortened or extended as provided pursuant to the terms of such Security and this Indenture. "Subsidiary" means a corporation more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other Subsidiaries. For purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means stock which ordinarily has voting power for the election of directors, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock has such voting power by reason of any contingency. "Tax Event" means the receipt by the Company and the Trust of an Opinion of Counsel (as defined in the Trust Agreement) experienced in such matters to the effect that, as a result of any amendment to, or change (including any announced prospective 8 change) in, the laws (or any regulations thereunder) of the United States or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, or as a result of any official administrative pronouncement or judicial decision interpreting or applying such laws or regulations, which amendment or change is effective or such prospective change, pronouncement or decision is announced on or after the date of issuance of the Trust Preferred Securities, there is more than an insubstantial risk that (i) the Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the date of such Opinion of Counsel, subject to United States Federal income tax with respect to income received or accrued on the Securities, (ii) interest payable by the Company on the Securities is not, or within 90 days of the date of such Opinion of Counsel, will not be, deductible by the Company, in whole or in part, for United States Federal income tax purposes or (iii) the Trust is, or will be within 90 days of the date of such Opinion of Counsel, subject to more than a de minimis amount of other taxes, duties or other governmental charges. "Trust" has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. "Trust Agreement" means the Trust Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex B, as amended by the form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex C, in each case as amended from time to time. "Trustee" means the Person named as the "Trustee" in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter "Trustee" shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee hereunder. "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. Sections 77aaa-77bbb), as amended and as in effect on the date as of this Indenture, except as provided in Section 9.5. "Trust Preferred Securities" has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. "Trust Securities" has the meaning specified in the first recital of this Indenture. "Vice President" when used with respect to the Company, means any duly appointed vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after the title "vice president." Section 1.2. COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE AND OPINIONS. Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that all conditions precedent (including covenants, compliance with which constitutes a condition precedent), if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of 9 Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent (including covenants compliance with which constitute a condition precedent), if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished. Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than the certificates provided pursuant to Section 10.4) shall include: (1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating thereto; (2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such condition or covenant has been complied with. Section 1.3. FORMS OF DOCUMENTS DELIVERED TO TRUSTEE. In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents. Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such certificate or Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. 10 Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument. Section 1.4. ACTS OF HOLDERS. (a) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided by this Indenture to be given to or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by an agent or proxy duly appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments is or are delivered to the Trustee, and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to Section 6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section. (b) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by the certificate of any notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a Person acting in other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. (c) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which the Trustee deems sufficient and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine. (d) The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Securities Register. (e) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action by the Holder of a Security shall bind every future Holder of such Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Security. (f) The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to give, make or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken by Holders of Securities, provided that the Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions 11 of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice, declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date, provided that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6. The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders of Outstanding Securities entitled to join in the giving or making of (i) any Notice of Default, (ii) any declaration of acceleration referred to in Section 5.2, (iii) any request to institute proceedings referred to in Section 5.7(2) or (iv) any direction referred to in Section 5.12. If any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities on such record date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice, declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date, provided that no such action shall be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities on the date such action is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee, at the Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company in writing and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 1.6. With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the "Expiration Date" and from time to time may change the Expiration Date to any earlier or later day, provided that no such change shall be effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities in the manner set forth in Section 10.6, on or prior to the existing Expiration Date. If an Expiration 12 Date is not designated with respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which set such record date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the applicable record date. (g) Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to Security may do so with regard to all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such principal amount. Section 1.5. NOTICES, ETC., TO TRUSTEE AND COMPANY. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with, (1) the Trustee by any Holder, any holder of Trust Preferred Securities or the Company shall be sufficient for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust office, or (2) the Company by the Trustee, any Holder or any holder of Trust Preferred Securities shall be sufficient for every purpose (except as otherwise provided in Section 5.1) hereunder if in writing and mailed, first class, postage prepaid, to the Company, addressed to it at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company. Section 1.6. NOTICE TO HOLDERS; WAIVER. Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Holder affected by such event, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register, not later than the latest date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver. 13 Section 1.7. CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by any of Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act through operation of Section 318(c) thereof, such imposed duties shall control. Section 1.8. EFFECT OF HEADINGS AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. Section 1.9. SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not. Section 1.10. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Section 1.11. BENEFITS OF INDENTURE. Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors and assigns, the Holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, the Holders of the Securities and, to the extent expressly provided in Sections 5.2, 5.8, 5.9, 5.11, 5.13, 9.1 and 9.2, the holders of Trust Preferred Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture. Section 1.12. GOVERNING LAW. This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Montana, without regard to conflicts of laws principles thereof provided that the immunities and standard of care of the Trustee shall be governed by Delaware law. Section 1.13. NON-BUSINESS DAYS. In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or the Securities) payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) need not be made on such date, but may be made on the next succeeding Business Day (and no interest shall accrue for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated Maturity, as the case may be, until such next succeeding Business Day except that, if such Business Day is in the next 14 succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day (in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date or at the Stated Maturity)). ARTICLE II SECURITY FORMS Section 2.1. FORMS GENERALLY. The Securities shall be in substantially the form set forth in this Article with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by this Indenture and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed thereon as may be required to comply with applicable tax laws or the rules of any securities exchange or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the officers executing such securities, as evidenced by their execution of the Securities. The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be substantially in the form set forth in this Article. The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or produced by any combination of these methods, if required by any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner permitted by the rules of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, all as determined by the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such securities. Section 2.2. FORM OF FACE OF SECURITY. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. __% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture due December 1, 2027 Registered No.: _______ Principal Amount: $41,237,000 CUSIP No.: First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of Montana (hereinafter called the "Company," which term includes any successor corporation under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value received, hereby promises to pay to ______________, or registered assigns, the principal sum of $41,237,100 Dollars on December 1, 2027; provided that the Company may shorten the Stated Maturity of the principal of this Security to a date not earlier than December 1, 15 2002. The Company further promises to pay interest on said principal sum from November ___, 1997, or from the most recent interest payment date (each such date, an "Interest Payment Date") on which interest has been paid or duly provided for, quarterly (subject to deferral as set forth herein) in arrears on the last day of March, June, September and December of each year commencing December 31, 1997, at the rate of 8 5/8% per annum, until the principal hereof shall have become due and payable, plus Additional Interest, if any, until the principal hereof is paid or duly provided for or made available for payment and on any overdue principal and (without duplication and to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) on any overdue installment of interest at the rate of 8 5/8% per annum, compounded quarterly. The amount of interest payable for any period shall be computed on the basis of twelve 30-day months and a 360-day year. The amount of interest payable for any partial period shall be computed on the basis of the number of days elapsed in a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. In the event that any date on which interest is payable on this Security is not a Business Day, then a payment of the interest payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day is in the next calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on the date the payment was originally payable. A "Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday or Sunday, or a day on which banking institutions in the State of Montana are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed or on a day on which the Corporate Trust Office of the Property Trustee or the Indenture Trustee under the Trust Agreement (hereinafter referred to) for the Trust is closed for business. The interest installment so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in the Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest installment, which shall be the next Business Day preceding such Interest Payment Date next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Any such interest installment not so punctually paid or duly provided for shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said Indenture. So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall have the right at any time during the term of this Security to defer payment of interest on this Security, at any time or from time to time, for up to 20 consecutive quarterly interest payment periods with respect to each deferral period (each an "Extension Period"), (during which Extension Periods the Company shall have the right to make 16 partial payments of interest on any Interest Payment Date, and at the end of which the Company shall pay all interest then accrued and unpaid (together with Additional Interest thereon to the extent permitted by applicable law)); provided, however, that no Extension Period shall extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the principal of this Security; provided, further, that during any such Extension Period, the Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary of the Company to, (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's capital stock (which includes common and preferred stock), or (ii) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt security of the Company that ranks pari passu with or junior in interest to this Security, or (iii) make any guarantee payments with respect to any guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any Subsidiaries of the Company (if such guarantee ranks PARI PASSU in all respects with or junior in interest to this Security (other than (a) dividends or distributions in capital stock of the Company (which includes common and preferred stock), (b) any declaration of a dividend in connection with the implementation of a stockholders' rights plan, or the issuance of stock under any such plan in the future or the redemption or repurchase of any such rights pursuant thereto, (c) payments under the Guarantee, and (d) purchases of Common Stock related to the issuance of Common Stock or rights under any of the Company's benefit plans for its directors, officers or employees or related to the issuance of common stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock) as consideration in an acquisition transaction)). Prior to the termination of any such Extension Period, the Company may further extend such Extension Period, provided that such extension does not cause such Extension Period to exceed 20 consecutive interest payment periods or to extend beyond the Stated Maturity. Upon the termination of any such Extension Period and upon the payment of all amounts then due on any Interest Payment Date, and subject to the foregoing limitation, the Company may elect to begin a new Extension Period. No interest shall be due and payable during an Extension Period except at the end thereof. The Company shall give the Trustee, the Property Trustee and the Administrative Trustees notice of its election to begin any Extension Period at least one Business Day prior to the earlier of (i) the date on which Distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities would be payable except for the election to begin such Extension Period, or (ii) the date the Administrative Trustees are required to give notice to the OTC Bulletin Board or other applicable stock exchange or automated quotation system on which the Trust Preferred Securities are then listed or quoted or to holders of such Trust Preferred Securities of the record date or (iii) the date such Distributions are payable, but in any event not less than one Business Day prior to such record date. The Trustee shall give notice of the Company's election to begin a new Extension Period to the holders of the Trust Preferred Securities. There is no limitation on the number of times that the Company may elect to begin an Extension Period prior to the Stated Maturity. Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security will be made at the office or agency of the Trustee or at the office of such paying agent or paying agents as the Company may designate from time to time, maintained for that 17 purpose in the United States, in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts; provided, however, that at the option of the Company payment of interest may be made (i) by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Securities Register or (ii) by transfer to an account maintained by the person entitled thereto, in immediately available funds, at such place and to such account as may be designated by the Person entitled thereto as specified in the Securities Register. The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent provided in the Indenture, unsecured and will rank junior and subordinate and subject in right of payments to the prior payment in full of all Senior and Subordinated Debt, and this Security is issued subject to the provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto. Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, (a) agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions, (b) authorizes and directs the Trustee on his behalf to take such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination so provided and (c) appoints the Trustee his attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. Each Holder hereof, by his acceptance hereof, waives all notice of the acceptance of the subordination provisions contained herein and in the Indenture by each holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt, whether now outstanding or hereafter incurred, and waives reliance by each such holder upon said provisions. Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the same effect as if set forth at this place. Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly executed under its corporate seal. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Title: ----------------------------- Attest: - ------------------------------------ [Secretary or Assistant Secretary] 18 Section 2.3. FORM OF REVERSE OF SECURITY. This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company (herein called the "Securities"), issued under a Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of November 7, 1997 (herein called the "Indenture"), between the Company and Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee (herein called the "Trustee," which term includes any successor trustee under the Indenture), to which Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto reference is hereby made for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Trustee, the Company and the Holders of the Securities, and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Security is limited in aggregate principal amount to $41,237,100. All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture and in the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of November 7, 1997, (the "Trust Agreement"), for FIB Capital Trust among the Company, as Depositor, and the Trustees named therein, shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture or the Trust Agreement, as the case may be. The Company may at any time, at its option, on or after December 1, 2002, and subject to the terms and conditions of Article XI of the Indenture, and subject to the Company having received prior approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve") if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve redeem this Security in whole at any time or in part from time to time, without premium or penalty, at a redemption price equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Security so redeemed to the Redemption Date, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of a Tax Event, Investment Company Event or Capital Treatment Event, the Company may, at its option, at any time within 90 days of the occurrence of such Tax Event, Investment Company Event or Capital Treatment Event redeem this Security, in whole but not in part, subject to the provisions of Section 11.7 and the other provisions of Article XI of the Indenture, at a redemption price equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Security so redeemed to the Redemption Date, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. In the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities for the portion hereof not redeemed will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof. The Indenture contains provisions for satisfaction and discharge of the entire indebtedness of this Security upon compliance by the Company with certain conditions set forth in the Indenture. The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the Company and the Trustee at any time to enter into a supplemental indenture or indentures for the 19 purpose of modifying in any manner the rights and obligations of the Company and of the Holders of the Securities, with the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities. The Indenture also contains provisions permitting Holders of specified percentages in principal amount of the Securities at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the Holders of all Securities, to waive compliance by the Company with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security. As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, if an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities may declare the principal amount of all the Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), provided that, if upon an Event of Default, the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities fails to declare the principal of all the Securities to be immediately due and payable, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities then outstanding shall have such right by a notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee; and upon any such declaration the principal amount of and the accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall become immediately due and payable, provided that the payment of principal and interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article XIII of the Indenture. No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency, herein prescribed. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein setforth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Securities Register, upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or agency of the Company maintained under Section 10.2 of the Indenture duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Securities Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or transferees. No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith. 20 Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary. The Securities are issuable only in registered form without coupons in denominations of minimum denominations of $25 and any integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof. As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth, Securities are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount of Securities of a different authorized denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same. The Company and, by its acceptance of this Security or a beneficial interest therein, the Holder of, and any Person that acquires a beneficial interest in, this Security agree that for United States Federal, state and local tax purposes it is intended that this Security constitute indebtedness. THE INDENTURE AND THIS SECURITY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MONTANA WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THEREOF. Section 2.4. ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS REQUIRED IN GLOBAL SECURITY. Any Global Security issued hereunder shall, in addition to the provisions contained in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, bear a legend in substantially the following form: "THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF A DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY OR BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY." Section 2.5. FORM OF TRUSTEE'S CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION. This is one of the Securities referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. Dated: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY as Trustee By: -------------------------------- 21 Authorized Officer ARTICLE III THE SECURITIES Section 3.1. TITLE AND TERM. (a) The Securities shall bear the title " 8 5/8% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures Due December 1, 2027." (b) The aggregate principal amount the Securities to be issued under this Indenture shall be limited to $41,237,100 (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of, transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities pursuant to Sections 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 9.6 or 11.7 of this Indenture and except for Securities which, pursuant to Section 3.2 of this Indenture, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered thereunder). (c) The date on which the principal of the Securities is due and payable shall be December 1, 2027. (d) The Securities shall bear interest at the rate of 8 5/8% per annum (based upon a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months), from and including November 7, 1997, or from and including the most recent Interest Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, as the case may be, payable quarterly in arrears on the 15th day of March, June, September and December in each year, commencing December 15, 1997, until the principal thereof is paid or made available for payment. Each such March 15, June 15, September 15 or December 15 shall be an "Interest Payment Date" for the Securities, and the Business Day next preceding an Interest Payment Date shall be the "Regular Record Date" for the interest payable on such Interest Payment Date. Accrued interest that is not paid on such applicable Interest Payment Date will bear additional interest on the amount thereof (to the extent permitted by law) at a rate per annum of 8 5/8% thereof compounded quarterly. In addition, so long as no Event of Default with respect to the Securities has occurred or is continuing, the Company has the right under this Indenture at any time during the term of such Securities to defer the payment of interest at any time or from time to time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarterly periods (each such period an "Extension Period"), provided that no Extension Period may extend beyond the Stated Maturity. At the end of such Extension Period, the Company must pay all interest then accrued and unpaid (together with interest thereon at the annual rate of 8 5/8%, compounded quarterly, to the extent permitted by applicable law). (e) Principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities will be payable, and, except as provided in Section 3.5 of this Indenture with respect to a Global Security (as defined below), the transfer of the Securities will be registrable and 22 Securities will be exchangeable for Securities bearing identical terms and provisions at the corporate trust office of Wilmington Trust Company, in the City of New York, New York. (f) The Securities will be redeemable in whole at any time and in part from time to time, at the option of the Company at any time on or after December 1, 2002, subject to the Company having received prior approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve"), at a redemption price equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities so redeemed to the date fixed for redemption, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. In addition, upon the occurrence of a Capital Treatment Event, an Investment Company Event or a Tax Event the Company may, at its option and subject to receipt of prior approval of the Federal Reserve if then required under applicable capital guidelines or policies of the Federal Reserve, prepay the Securities in whole (but not in part) at any time within 90 days of the occurrence of such Capital Treatment Event, Investment Company Event or Tax Event, at a redemption price equal to the accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities so redeemed to the date fixed for redemption, plus 100% of the principal amount thereof. (g) The Company shall not be obligated to prepay, repay or purchase any Securities pursuant to any sinking fund, amortization or analogous provisions or at the option of the Holder. (h) The Securities will be issued only in fully registered form and the authorized minimum denomination of the Securities shall be $25 and any integral multiple of $25 in excess thereof. (i) The Securities shall be denominated, and payments of principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities will be payable, in United States dollars. (j) The Securities shall be subject to the Events of Default specified in Section 5.1, paragraphs (1) through (5), of this Indenture. (k) The portion of the principal amount of the Securities which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of maturity thereof shall not be other than the principal amount thereof, provided, that, if such acceleration is declared by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation amount of the Trust Preferred Securities then outstanding, then, upon such declaration of acceleration, the Securities which shall be payable shall be the principal amount thereof plus accrued interest (including any Additional Interest). (l) The Securities will be issued in fully registered form, without coupons. The Securities will not be issued in bearer form. 23 (m) The amount of payments of principal of and any premium or interest on the Securities will not be determined with reference to an index. (n) The Securities shall not be issued in the form of a temporary Global Security (as defined below). (o) The Securities will initially be in certificated form registered in the name of the name of Wilmington Trust Company, as Property Trustee (the "Certificated Securities"). The Securities may, in the sole discretion of the Company, be deposited with, and on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, as Depositary, and will be represented by a global security (a "Global Security") registered in the name of a nominee of the Depositary. If, and so long as the Depositary or its nominee is the registered holder of any Global Security, the Depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole Holder of the Securities represented by such Global Security for all purposes under the Indenture and the Securities. The Certificated Securities or the Global Securities, as the case may be, shall bear no legends. (p) The Trustee shall be Paying Agent. (q) The Securities will not be convertible into any other securities or property of the Company. (r) The Securities are subordinate and subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all amounts then due and payable in respect of all Senior and Subordinated Debt, as provided in Article VIII. Section 3.2. EXECUTION, AUTHENTICATION, DELIVERY AND DATING. The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its President or one of its Vice Presidents under its corporate seal reproduced or impressed thereon and attested by its Secretary or one of its Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities may be manual or facsimile. Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices at the date of such Securities. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. In connection with any Company Order for authentication, an Officers' Certificate and Opinion of Counsel pursuant to Section 1.2 shall not be required. 24 Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein executed by the Trustee by the manual signature of one of its authorized officers, and such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section 3.8, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. Section 3.3. TEMPORARY SECURITIES. Pending the preparation of definitive Securities, the Company may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise produced, in any denomination, substantially of the tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their execution of such Securities. If temporary Securities are issued, the Company will cause definitive Securities to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of definitive Securities, the temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities upon surrender of the temporary Securities at the office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose without charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive Securities of authorized denominations having the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having the same terms as such temporary Securities. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities. Section 3.4. REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE. The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee a register in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. Such register is herein sometimes referred to as the "Securities Register." The Trustee is hereby appointed "Securities Registrar" for the purpose of registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided. 25 Upon surrender for registration of transfer of a Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for that purpose the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of any authorized denominations, of a like aggregate principal amount, of the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having the same terms. At the option of the Holder, Securities may be exchanged for other Securities of any authorized denominations, of a like aggregate principal amount, of the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity and having the same terms, upon surrender of the Securities to be exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any securities are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Securities which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive. All Securities issued upon any transfer or exchange of Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities surrendered upon such transfer or exchange. Every Security presented or surrendered for transfer or exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Securities Registrar) be duly endorsed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Securities Registrar, duly executed by the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized in writing. No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange of Securities. No service charge shall be made to a Holder for any transfer or exchange of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange of Securities. The provisions of Clauses (1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only to Global Securities: (1) Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global Security or a nominee thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for all purposes of this Indenture. (2) Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any Person other 26 than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof unless (A) such Depositary (i) has notified the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or (ii) has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act at a time when the Depositary is required to be so registered to act as depositary, in each case unless the Company has approved a successor Depositary within 90 days, (B) there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with respect to such Global Security, (C) the Company in its sole discretion determines that such Global Security will be so exchangeable or transferable or (D) there shall exist such circumstances, if any, in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been specified for this purpose as contemplated by Section 3.1. (3) Subject to Clause (2) above, any exchange of a Global Security for other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued in exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct. (4) Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof, whether pursuant to this Section, Sections 3.3, 3.5, 9.6 or 11.6 or otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof. Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be required, pursuant to the provisions of this Section, (a) to issue, transfer or exchange any Security during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of selection for redemption of Securities pursuant to Article XI and ending at the close of business on the day of mailing of notice of redemption or (b) to transfer or exchange any Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except, in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part, any portion thereof not to be redeemed. Section 3.5. MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST AND STOLEN SECURITIES. If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee together with such security or indemnity as may be required by the Company or the Trustee to save each of them harmless, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a new Security of like tenor and principal amount, having the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity, and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. If there shall be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security, and (ii) such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon its request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new 27 Security of like tenor and principal amount, having the same Original Issue Date and Stated Maturity as such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities duly issued hereunder. The provisions of this Section 3.5 are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. Section 3.6. PAYMENT OF INTEREST; INTEREST RIGHTS PRESERVED. Interest on any Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date, shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date, except that, unless otherwise provided in the Securities, interest payable on the Stated Maturity of the principal of a Security shall be paid to the Person to whom principal is paid. The initial payment of interest on any Security which is issued between a Regular Record Date and the related Interest Payment Date shall be payable as provided in such Security. Any interest on any Security which is payable, but is not timely paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein called "Defaulted Interest"), shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in Clause (1) or (2) below: (1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company 28 shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this Clause provided. Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first class, postage prepaid, to each Holder of any Securities at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense of the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at least once in a newspaper, customarily published in the English language on each Business Day and of general circulation in the state of Montana, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names the Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following Clause (2). (2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities may be listed and, upon such notice as may be required by such exchange (or by the Trustee if the Securities are not listed), if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this Clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee. Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.6, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security. Section 3.7. PERSONS DEEMED OWNERS. The Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name any Security is registered as the owner of such Security for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and (subject to Section 3.6) any interest on such Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by notice to the contrary. 29 Section 3.8. CANCELLATION. All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, transfer or exchange shall, if surrendered to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities and Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for any such purpose shall be promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities shall be destroyed by the Trustee and the Trustee shall deliver to the Company a certificate of such destruction. Section 3.9. COMPUTATION OF INTEREST. Interest on the Securities for any period shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months and interest on the Securities for any partial period shall be computed on the basis of the number of days elapsed in a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. Section 3.10. DEFERRALS OF INTEREST PAYMENT DATES. So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Company shall have the right, at any time during the term of the Securities, from time to time to defer the payment of interest on such Securities, at any time or from time to time, for up to 20 consecutive quarterly interest payment periods with respect to each deferral period (each, an "Extension Period") during which Extension Periods the Company shall have the right to make partial payments of interest on any Interest Payment Date. No Extension Period shall end on a date other than an Interest Payment Date. At the end of any such Extension Period the Company shall pay all interest then accrued and unpaid on the Securities (together with Additional Interest thereon, if any, at the rate specified for the Securities to the extent permitted by applicable law); provided, however, that no Extension Period shall extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the principal of the Securities; provided, further, that during any such Extension Period, the Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary to, (i) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of the Company's capital stock (which includes common and preferred stock), or (ii) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Company that ranks pari passu in all respects with or junior in interest to the Securities or make any guarantee payments with respect to any guarantee by the Company of the debt securities of any Subsidiary of the Company if such guarantee ranks PARI PASSU in all respects with or junior in interest to the Securities (other than (a) dividends or distributions in capital stock of the Company (which includes common and preferred stock), (b) any declaration of a 30 dividend in connection with the implementation of a stockholders' rights plan, or the redemption or repurchase of any such rights pursuant thereto, (c) payments under the Guarantee, and (d) purchases of Common Stock related to the issuance of Common Stock or rights under any of the Company's benefit plans for its directors, officers or employees). Prior to the termination of any such Extension Period, the Company may further extend such Extension Period, provided that such extension does not cause such Extension Period to extend beyond the Stated Maturity of the principal of such Securities. Upon termination of any Extension Period and upon the payment of all accrued and unpaid interest and any Additional Interest then due on any Interest Payment Date, the Company may elect to begin a new Extension Period, subject to the above requirements. No interest shall be due and payable during an Extension Period, except at the end thereof. The Company shall give the Trustee, the Property Trustee and the Administrative Trustees notice of its election of any Extension Period (or an extension thereof) at least one Business Day prior to the earlier of (i) the next succeeding date on which Distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities would be payable except for the election to begin or extend such Extension Period or (ii) the date the Administrative Trustees are required to give notice to the OTC Bulletin Board or other applicable stock exchange or automated quotation system on which the Trust Preferred Securities are then listed or quoted or to holders of such Trust Preferred Securities of the record date or (iii) the date such Distributions are payable, but in any event not less than one Business Day prior to such record date. The Trustee shall give notice of the Company's election to begin a new Extension Period to the holders of the Securities. There is no limitation on the number of times that the Company may elect to begin an Extension Period prior to the Stated Maturity. The Trustee shall promptly give notice of the Company's election to begin any such Extension Period to the Holders of the Outstanding Securities. Section 3.11. RIGHT OF SET-OFF. With respect to the Securities, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Indenture, the Company shall have the right to set-off any payment it is otherwise required to make thereunder in respect of any Security to the extent the Company has theretofore made, or is concurrently on the date of such payment making, a payment under the Guarantee Agreement or under Section 5.8 of the Indenture. Section 3.12. AGREED TAX TREATMENT. Each Security issued hereunder shall provide that the Company and, by its acceptance of a Security or a beneficial interest therein, the Holder of, and any Person that acquires a beneficial interest in, such Security agree that for United States Federal, state and local tax purposes it is intended that such Security constitute indebtedness. 31 Section 3.13. SHORTENING OF STATED MATURITY. The Company shall have the right to shorten the Stated Maturity of the principal of the Securities at any time to any date not earlier than the first date on which the Company has the right to redeem the Securities. Section 3.14. CUSIP NUMBERS. The Company in issuing the Securities may use "CUSIP" numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use "CUSIP" numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. ARTICLE IV SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE Section 4.1. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE. This Indenture shall, upon Company Request, cease to be of further effect (except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of Securities herein expressly provided for and as otherwise provided in this Section 4.1) and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when (1) either (A) all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than (i) Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 3.5 and (ii) Securities for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 10.3) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or (B) all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (i) have become due and payable, or (ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year of the date of deposit, or (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, 32 and the Company, in the case of Clause (B) (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount in the currency or currencies in which the Securities are payable sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) to the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may be; (2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company; and (3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been complied with. Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section 6.7, the obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section 6.14 and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to subclause (B) of clause (1) of this Section, the obligations of the Trustee under Section 4.2 and the last paragraph of Section 10.3 shall survive. Section 4.2. APPLICATION OF TRUST MONEY. Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 10.3, all money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.1 shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal (and premium, if any) and interest for the payment of which such money or obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee. ARTICLE V REMEDIES Section 5.1. EVENTS OF DEFAULT. "Event of Default", wherever used herein, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body): (1) default in the payment of any interest upon any Security, including any Additional Interest in respect thereof, when it becomes due and payable, and 33 continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (subject to the deferral of any due date in the case of an Extension Period); or (2) default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any Security at its Maturity; or (3) default in the performance, or breach, in any material respect, of any covenant or warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in the performance of which or the breach of which is elsewhere in this Section 5.1 specifically dealt with), and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied; or (4) the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises adjudging the Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect of the Company under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or of any substantial part of its property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or (5) the institution by the Company of proceedings to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit for creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due and its willingness to be adjudicated a bankrupt, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance of any such action. Section 5.2. ACCELERATION OF MATURITY; RESCISSION AND ANNULMENT. If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(4) or 5.1(5)) occurs and is continuing, then and in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities may declare the principal amount of all the Securities to be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), provided that, if, upon an Event of Default, the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities fail to declare the principal of all the 34 Securities to be immediately due and payable, the holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation amount of the Trust Preferred Securities then outstanding shall have such right by a notice in writing to the Company and the Trustee; and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified portion thereof) of and the accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities shall become immediately due and payable. Payment of principal and interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Securities shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in Article XII notwithstanding that such amount shall become immediately due and payable as herein provided. If an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(4) or 5.1(5) occurs, the principal amount of all the Securities shall (or, if the Securities shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of the Trustee or any Holder), become immediately due and payable. At any time after such a declaration of acceleration has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay: (A) all overdue installments of interest (including any Additional Interest) on all Securities, (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate borne by the Securities, and (C) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and (2) all Events of Default, other than the non-payment of the principal of Securities which has become due solely by such acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13. The holders of a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of Trust Preferred Securities shall also have the right to rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences by written notice to the Company and the Trustee subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Clauses (1) and (2) above of this Section 5.2. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 35 Section 5.3. COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE. The Company covenants that if: (1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security when such interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, or (2) default is made in the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest); and, in addition thereto, all amounts owing the Trustee under Section 6.7. If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities, wherever situated. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. Section 5.4. TRUSTEE MAY FILE PROOFS OF CLAIM. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, (a) the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest)) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, 36 (i) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) owing and unpaid in respect to the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable and to take any and all actions as are authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to have the claims of the Holders and any predecessor to the Trustee under Section 6.7 allowed in any such judicial proceedings; and (ii) in particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same in accordance with Section 5.6; and (b) any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or other similar official) in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee for distribution in accordance with Section 5.6, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; provided, however, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a creditors' or other similar committee. Section 5.5. TRUSTEE MAY ENFORCE CLAIM WITHOUT POSSESSION OF SECURITIES. All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for the payment of all the amounts owing the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been recovered. Section 5.6. APPLICATION OF MONEY COLLECTED. Any money or property collected or to be applied by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest), upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid: 37 FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee under Section 6.7; SECOND: Subject to Article XII, to the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest), in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest), respectively; and THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Person or Persons entitled thereto. Section 5.7. LIMITATION ON SUITS. No Holder of any Security shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator (or other similar official) or for any other remedy hereunder, unless: (1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a continuing Event of Default; (2) the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request: (4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and (5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities; it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing itself of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other Holders of Securities, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders. 38 Section 5.8. UNCONDITIONAL RIGHT OF HOLDERS TO RECEIVE PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST; DIRECT ACTION BY HOLDERS OF TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right which is absolute and unconditional to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.6) interest (including any Additional Interest) on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. Any holder of Trust Preferred Securities shall have the right, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default described in Section 5.1(1) or 5.1(2), to institute a suit directly against the Company for enforcement of payment to such holder of principal of (premium, if any) and (subject to Section 3.6) interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities having a principal amount equal to the aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of such Trust Preferred Securities held by such holder. Section 5.9. RESTORATION OF RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. If the Trustee, any Holder or any holder of Trust Preferred Securities has instituted any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee, such Holder or such holder of Trust Preferred Securities, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee, the Holders and such holder of Trust Preferred Securities shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee, the Holders and the holders of Trust Preferred Securities shall continue as though no such proceeding had been instituted. Section 5.10. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE. Except as otherwise provided in the last paragraph of Section 3.5, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. Section 5.11. DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER. No delay or omission of the Trustee, any Holder of any Security or any holder of any Preferred Security to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. 39 Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders and the right and remedy given to the holders of Trust Preferred Securities by Section 5.8 may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee, the Holders or the holders of Trust Preferred Securities, as the case may be. Section 5.12. CONTROL BY HOLDERS. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee provided that: (1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture, (2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, and (3) subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow such direction if a Responsible Officer or Officers of the Trustee shall, in good faith, determine that the proceeding so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to the Holders not joining in any such direction or would involve the Trustee in personal liability. Section 5.13. WAIVER OF PAST DEFAULTS. The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities and, the holders of Trust Preferred Securities may waive any past default hereunder and its consequences except a default: (1) in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security, or (2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article IX cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected. Any such waiver shall be deemed to be on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities or, in the case of a waiver by holders of Trust Preferred Securities, by all holders of Trust Preferred Securities. Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon. 40 Section 5.14. UNDERTAKING FOR COSTS. All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder, or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security. Section 5.15. WAIVER OF USURY, STAY OR EXTENSION LAWS. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted. ARTICLE VI THE TRUSTEE Section 6.1. CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. (a) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default; (1) the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (2) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the 41 Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture. (b) In case an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs. (c) No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct except that: (1) this Subsection shall not be construed to limit the effect of Subsection (a) of this Section; (2) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and (3) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of Holders pursuant to Section 5.12 relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture. (d) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if there shall be reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. (e) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section 6.1. Section 6.2. NOTICE OF DEFAULTS. Within 90 days after actual knowledge by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee of the occurrence of any default hereunder, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders of Securities, as their names and addresses appear in the Securities Register, notice of such default, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in 42 the interests of the Holders of Securities; and provided, further, that, in the case of any default of the character specified in Section 5.1(3), no such notice to Holders of Securities shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term "default" means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an Event of Default. Section 6.3. CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1: (a) the Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, Security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; (b) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order and any resolution of the Board of Directors may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution; (c) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate; (d) the Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon; (e) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; (f) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, indenture, Security or other paper or document, but the Trustee in its discretion may make such inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney; and (g) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee 43 shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. Section 6.4. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES. The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. Section 6.5. MAY HOLD SECURITIES. The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Securities Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Securities Registrar or such other agent. Section 6.6. MONEY HELD IN TRUST. Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed with the Company. Section 6.7. COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT. The Company agrees: (1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for all services rendered by it hereunder in such amounts as the Company and the Trustee shall agree from time to time (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust); (2) to reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and (3) to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel) incurred without negligence or bad faith, 44 arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust or the performance of its duties hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. This indemnification shall survive the termination of this Agreement. To secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section 6.7, the Company and the Holders agree that the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee. Such lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(4) or (5) occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 or any successor statute. Section 6.8. DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS. The Trustee for the Securities issued hereunder shall be subject to the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. Nothing herein shall prevent the Trustee from filing with the Commission the application referred to in the second to last paragraph of said Section 301(b). Section 6.9. CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder which shall be: (a) a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers and subject to supervision or examination by Federal, State, Territorial or District of Columbia authority, or (b) a corporation or other Person organized and doing business under the laws of a foreign government that is permitted to act as Trustee pursuant to a rule, regulation or order of the Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, and subject to supervision or examination by authority of such foreign government or a political subdivision thereof substantially equivalent to supervision or examination applicable to United States institutional trustees, in either case having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this Section 6.9, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this 45 Section 6.9, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article VI. Neither the Company nor any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company shall serve as Trustee for the Securities issued hereunder. Section 6.10. RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR. (a) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article VI shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee under Section 6.11. (b) The Trustee may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If an instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. (c) The Trustee may be removed at any time by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, delivered to the Trustee and to the Company. (d) If at any time: (1) the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section 6.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months, or (2) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section 6.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder, or (3) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in any such case, (i) the Company, acting pursuant to the authority of a Board Resolution, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (ii) subject to Section 5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees. (e) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor 46 Trustee shall be appointed by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment, become the successor Trustee and supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner hereinafter provided, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for at least six months may, subject to Section 5.14, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities. (f) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the Trustee and each appointment of a successor Trustee by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Securities as their names and addresses appear in the Securities Register. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee and the address of its Corporate Trust Office. Section 6.11. ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. (a) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. (b) In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor Trustee shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee, (2) if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder 47 administered by any other such Trustee and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts, and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder. (c) Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Trustee all rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section 6.11, as the case may be. (d) No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article VI. Section 6.12. MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS. Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article VI, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated, and in case any Securities shall not have been authenticated, any successor to the Trustee may authenticate such Securities either in the name of any predecessor Trustee or in the name of such successor Trustee, and in all cases the certificate of authentication shall have the full force which it is provided anywhere in the Securities or in this Indenture that the certificate of the Trustee shall have. Section 6.13. PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST COMPANY. If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against the Company (or any such other obligor). Section 6.14. APPOINTMENT OF AUTHENTICATING AGENT. The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities issued upon original 48 issue and upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or pursuant to Section 3.5, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, or of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating Agent, having a combined capital and surplus of not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section 6.14 the combined capital and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.14, such Authenticating Agent shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this Section 6.14. Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of an Authenticating Agent shall be the successor Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent. An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section 6.14, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such appointment in the manner provided in Section 1.6 to all Holders of Securities. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provision of this Section 6.14. 49 The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section 6.14, and the Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions of Section 6.7. If an appointment is made pursuant to this Section 6.14, the Securities may have endorsed thereon, in addition to the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate of authentication in the following form: This is one of the Securities referred to in the within mentioned Indenture. Dated: WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY As Trustee By: -------------------------------- As Authenticating Agent By: -------------------------------- Authorized Officer ARTICLE VII HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY Section 7.1. COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF HOLDERS. The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee: (a) semi-annually, not more than 15 days after January 15 and July 15 in each year, a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders as of January 1 and July 1 of such year, and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, excluding from any such list names and addresses received by the Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar. Section 7.2. PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION, COMMUNICATIONS TO HOLDERS. (a) The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent list 50 furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section 7.1 and the names and addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished. (b) The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided in the Trust Indenture Act. (c) Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of information as to the names and addresses of the Holders made pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act. Section 7.3. REPORTS BY TRUSTEE. (a) The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act, at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. (b) Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12 months shall be transmitted no later than July 15 in each calendar year, commencing with the first July 15 after the first issuance of Securities under this Indenture. (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any Securities are listed and also with the Commission. The Company will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock exchange. Section 7.4. REPORTS BY COMPANY. The Company shall file with the Trustee and with the Commission, and transmit to Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided in the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is required to be filed with the Commission. Notwithstanding that the Company may not be required to remain subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall continue to file with the Commission and provide the Trustee with the annual reports and the information, documents and other reports which are specified in Sections 13 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of Trust Indenture Act Section 314(a). 51 ARTICLE VIII CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE Section 8.1. COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS. The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and no Person shall consolidate with or merge into the Company or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Company, unless: (1) in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or trust organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any State or the District of Columbia, and shall expressly assume, by an indenture supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on all the Securities and the performance of every covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or observed; (2) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; (3) such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease is permitted under the Trust Agreement and the Guarantee and does not give rise to any breach or violation of the Trust Agreement or the Guarantee; and (4) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and any such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with; and the Trustee, subject to Section 6.1, may rely upon such Officers' Certificate and Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such transaction complies with this Section 8.1. Section 8.2. SUCCESSOR CORPORATION SUBSTITUTED. Upon any consolidation or merger by the Company with or into any other Person, or any conveyance, transfer or lease by the Company of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 8.1, the successor 52 corporation formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and in the event of any such conveyance, transfer or lease the Company shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under the Indenture and the Securities and may be dissolved and liquidated. Such successor Person may cause to be signed, and may issue either in its own name or in the name of the Company, any or all of the Securities issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee; and, upon the order of such successor Person instead of the Company and subject to all the terms, conditions and limitations in this Indenture prescribed, the Trustee shall authenticate and shall deliver any Securities which previously shall have been signed and delivered by the officers of the Company to the Trustee for authentication pursuant to such provisions and any Securities which such successor Person thereafter shall cause to be signed and delivered to the Trustee on its behalf for the purpose pursuant to such provisions. All the Securities so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Securities theretofore or thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Securities had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance or lease, such changes in phraseology and form may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate. ARTICLE IX SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES Section 9.1. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT CONSENT OF HOLDERS. Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes: (1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company herein and in the Securities contained; (2) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge any property to or with the Trustee or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; (3) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of Securities, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; 53 (4) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Indenture, provided that such action pursuant to this clause (4) shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders of Securities in any material respect or, for so long as any of the Trust Preferred Securities shall remain outstanding, the holders of such Trust Preferred Securities; (5) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor Trustee and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section 6.11(b); or (6) to comply with the requirements of the Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. Section 9.2. SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF HOLDERS. With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby, (1) except to the extent permitted by Sections 3.10 or 3.13 with respect to the deferral of the payment of interest on the Securities or the shortening of the Stated Maturity of the Securities, change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of interest (including any Additional Interest) on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or the rate of interest thereon or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof, or change the place of payment where, or the coin or currency in which, any Security or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or (2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or (3) modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section 5.13 or Section 10.5, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this 54 Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Security affected thereby; or (4) modify the provisions in Article XII of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of Outstanding Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders thereof; provided, further, that, so long as any of the Trust Preferred Securities remains outstanding, (i) no such amendment shall be made that adversely affects the holders of such Trust Preferred Securities in any material respect, and no termination of this Indenture shall occur, and no waiver of any Event of Default or compliance with any covenant under this Indenture shall be effective, without the prior consent of the holders of at least a majority of the aggregate liquidation preference of such Trust Preferred Securities then outstanding unless and until the principal (and premium, if any) of the Securities and all accrued and, subject to Section 3.6, unpaid interest (including any Additional Interest) thereon have been paid in full and (ii) no amendment shall be made to Section 5.8 of this Indenture that would impair the rights of the holders of Trust Preferred Securities provided therein without the prior consent of the holders of each Preferred Security then outstanding unless and until the principal (and premium, if any) of the Securities and all accrued and (subject to Section 3.6) unpaid interest (including any Additional Interest) thereon have been paid in full. It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof. Section 9.3. EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. In executing or accepting any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of Securities previously created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 6.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture, and that all conditions precedent have been complied with. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Section 9.4. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article IX, this Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby. 55 Section 9.5. CONFORMITY WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article IX shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect. Section 9.6. REFERENCE IN SECURITIES TO SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES. Securities authenticated and delivered after the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article IX may, and shall if required by the Company, bear a notation in form approved by the Company as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities. ARTICLE X COVENANTS Section 10.1. PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST. The Company covenants and agrees that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. Section 10.2. MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY. The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment, an office or agency where Securities may be presented or surrendered for payment and an office or agency where Securities may be surrendered for transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities and this Indenture may be served. The Company initially appoints the Trustee, acting through its Corporate Trust Office, as its agent for said purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any change in the location of any such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain such office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Securities may be presented or surrendered for any or all of such purposes, and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in each Place of Payment for such purposes. 56 The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation and any change in the location of any such office or agency. Section 10.3. MONEY FOR SECURITY PAYMENTS TO BE HELD IN TRUST. If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent, it will, on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any of the Securities, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and will promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act. Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents, it will, prior to 10:00 a.m. Rocky Mountain time, on each due date of the principal of or interest on any Securities, deposit with a Paying Agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal and premium (if any) or interest, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act. The Company will cause each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section 10.3, that such Paying Agent will: (1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided; (2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the Securities) in the making of any payment of principal (and premium, if any) or interest: (3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent; and (4) comply with the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent. The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such 57 payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money. Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Security and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal (and premium, if any) or interest has become due and payable shall (unless otherwise required by mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law) be paid on Company Request to the Company, or (if then held by the Company) shall (unless otherwise required by mandatory provision of applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law) be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each Business Day and of general circulation in the state of Montana, notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. Section 10.4. STATEMENT AS TO COMPLIANCE. The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each calendar year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers' Certificate covering the preceding calendar year, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof the Company is in default in the performance, observance or fulfillment of or compliance with any of the terms, provisions, covenants and conditions of this Indenture, and if the Company shall be in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of which they may have knowledge. For the purpose of this Section 10.4, compliance shall be determined without regard to any grace period or requirement of notice provided pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. Section 10.5. WAIVER OF CERTAIN COVENANTS. The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any covenant or condition provided pursuant to Sections 3.1, 9.1(3), or 9.1(4), if before or after the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities shall, by Act of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally waive compliance with such covenant or condition, but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such covenant or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the obligations of the Company in respect of any such covenant or condition shall remain in full force and effect. 58 Section 10.6. ADDITIONAL SUMS. So long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, in the event that (i) the Trust is the Holder of all of the Outstanding Securities, (ii) a Tax Event shall have occurred and be continuing and (iii) the Company shall not have (A) redeemed the Securities pursuant to Section 11.7(b) or (B) terminated the Trust pursuant to Section 9.2(b) of the Trust Agreement, the Company shall pay to the Trust (and its permitted successors or assigns under the Trust Agreement) for so long as the Trust (or its permitted successor or assignee) is the registered holder of any Securities, such additional amounts as may be necessary in order that the amount of Distributions (including any Additional Amounts (as defined in the Trust Agreement)) then due and payable by the Trust on the Trust Preferred Securities and Common Securities that at any time remain outstanding in accordance with the terms thereof shall not be reduced as a result of any Additional Taxes (the "Additional Sums"). Whenever in this Indenture or the Securities there is a reference in any context to the payment of principal of or interest on the Securities, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payments of the Additional Sums provided for in this paragraph to the extent that, in such context, Additional Sums are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph and express mention of the payment of Additional Sums (if applicable) in any provisions hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Sums in those provisions hereof where such express mention is not made; provided, however, that the deferral of the payment of interest pursuant to Section 3.10 or the Securities shall not defer the payment of any Additional Sums that may be due and payable. Section 10.7. ADDITIONAL COVENANTS. The Company covenants and agrees with each Holder of Securities that it shall not, and it shall not permit any Subsidiary of the Company to, (a) declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any shares of the Company's capital stock (which includes common and preferred stock), or (b) make any payment of principal of or interest or premium, if any, on or repay, repurchase or redeem any debt securities of the Company that rank pari passu in all respects with or junior in interest to the Securities or make any guarantee payments with respect to any guarantee by the Company of debt securities of any subsidiary of the Company if such guarantee ranks PARI PASSU in all respects with or junior in interest to the Securities (other than (w) dividends or distributions in capital stock of the Company (which includes common and preferred stock), (x) any declaration of a dividend in connection with the implementation of a rights plan or the redemption or repurchase of any such rights pursuant thereto, (y) payments under the Guarantee, and (z) purchases of Common Stock related to the issuance of Common Stock or rights under any of the Company's benefit plans for its directors, officers or employees or related to the issuance of Common Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock) as consideration in an acquisition transaction) if at such time (i) there shall have occurred any event of which the Company has actual knowledge that 59 (A) with the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute an Event of Default and (B) in respect of which the Company shall not have taken reasonable steps to cure, (ii) the Company shall be in default with respect to its payment of any obligations under the Guarantee or (iii) the Company shall have given notice of its election to begin an Extension Period as provided herein and shall not have rescinded such notice, or such Extension Period, or any extension thereof, shall be continuing. The Company also covenants with each Holder of Securities (i) to maintain directly or indirectly 100% ownership of the Common Securities of the Trust; provided, however, that any permitted successor of the Company hereunder may succeed to the Company's ownership of such Common Securities, (ii) not to voluntarily terminate, wind-up or liquidate the Trust, except (a) in connection with a distribution of the Securities to the holders of Trust Securities in liquidation of the Trust or (b) in connection with certain mergers, consolidations or amalgamations permitted by the Trust Agreement, and (iii) to use its reasonable efforts, consistent with the terms and provisions of the Trust Agreement, to cause the Trust to remain classified as a grantor trust and not an association taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes. ARTICLE XI REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES Section 11.1. APPLICABILITY OF THIS ARTICLE. Redemption of Securities (whether by operation of a sinking fund or otherwise) as permitted or required by any form of Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be made in accordance with such form of Security and this Article; provided, however, that if any provision of any such form of Security shall conflict with any provision of this Article, the provision of such form of Security shall govern. Except as otherwise set forth in the form of Security, each Security shall be subject to partial redemption only in the amount of $25 or integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof. Section 11.2. ELECTION TO REDEEM; NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of less than all of the Securities and having the same terms, the Company shall, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date (unless a shorter notice shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such date and of the principal amount of Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel evidencing compliance with such restriction. 60 Section 11.3. SELECTION OF SECURITIES TO BE REDEEMED. If less than all the Securities are to be redeemed (unless all the Securities of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities not previously called for redemption, by such method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of a portion of the principal amount of any Security, provided that the portion of the principal amount of any Security not redeemed shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. If less than all the Securities of a specified tenor are to be redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the preceding sentence. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities selected for partial redemption and the principal amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Security redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal amount of such Security which has been or is to be redeemed. If the Company shall so direct, Securities registered in the name of the Company, any Affiliate or any Subsidiary thereof shall not be included in the Securities selected for redemption. Section 11.4. NOTICE OF REDEMPTION. Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not later than the thirtieth day, and not earlier than the sixtieth day, prior to the Redemption Date, to each Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at the address of such Holder as it appears in the Securities Register. With respect to Securities to be redeemed, each notice of redemption shall state: (a) the Redemption Date; (b) the Redemption Price; (c) if less than all Outstanding Securities are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the respective principal amounts) of the particular Securities to be redeemed; (d) that on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof, and that interest thereon, if any, shall cease to accrue on and after said date; 61 (e) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered for payment of the Redemption Price; and (f) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall not be irrevocable. The notice if mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the Holder receives such notice. In any case, a failure to give such notice by mail or any defect in the notice to the Holder of any Security designated for redemption as a whole or in part shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Security. Section 11.5. DEPOSIT OF REDEMPTION PRICE. Prior to 10:00 a.m. Rocky Mountain time, on the Redemption Date specified in the notice of redemption given as provided in Section 11.4, the Company will deposit with the Trustee or with one or more Paying Agents (or if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, the Company will segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section 10.3) an amount of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and any accrued interest (including Additional Interest) on, all the Securities which are to be redeemed on that date. Section 11.6. PAYMENT OF SECURITIES CALLED FOR REDEMPTION. If any notice of redemption has been given as provided in Section 11.4, the Securities or portion of Securities with respect to which such notice has been given shall become due and payable on the date and at the place or places stated in such notice at the applicable Redemption Price. On presentation and surrender of such Securities at a Place of Payment in said notice specified, the said securities or the specified portions thereof shall be paid and redeemed by the Company at the applicable Redemption Price, together with accrued interest (including any Additional Interest) to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1, installments of interest whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their terms and the provisions of Section 3.6. Upon presentation of any Security redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security or Securities, of authorized denominations, in aggregate principal amount equal to the portion of the Security not redeemed so presented and having the same Original Issue Date, Stated Maturity and terms. If a Global Security is so surrendered, such new Security will also be a new Global Security. 62 If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the principal of and premium, if any, on such Security shall, until paid, bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security. Section 11.7. RIGHT OF REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES INITIALLY ISSUED TO THE TRUST. The Company, at its option, may redeem such Securities (i) on or after the date five years after the Original Issue Date of such Securities, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, or (ii) upon the occurrence and during the continuation of a Tax Event, Investment Company Event, or Capital Treatment Event, at any time within 90 days following the occurrence of such Tax Event, Investment Company Event or Capital Treatment Event, in whole (but not in part), in each case at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof. ARTICLE XII SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES Section 12.1. SECURITIES SUBORDINATE TO SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT. The Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of a Security, by its acceptance thereof, likewise covenants and agrees, that, to the extent and in the manner hereinafter set forth in this Article XII, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on each and all of the Securities are hereby expressly made subordinate and subject in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all amounts then due and payable in respect of all Senior and Subordinated Debt. Section 12.2. PAYMENT OVER OF PROCEEDS UPON DISSOLUTION, ETC. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company (each such event, if any, herein sometimes referred to as a "Proceeding"), then the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt shall be entitled to receive payment in full of Allocable Amounts of such Senior and Subordinated Debt, or provision shall be made for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive or retain any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities (including any payment or distribution which may be payable or deliverable by reason of the payment of any other Debt of the Company subordinated to the payment of the Securities, such payment or distribution being hereinafter referred to as a "Junior Subordinated Payment"), on account of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities by the Company or any Subsidiary and to that end the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt shall be entitled to receive, for application to the payment thereof, 63 any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, including any Junior Subordinated Payment, which may be payable or deliverable in respect of the Securities in any such Proceeding. In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 12.2, the Trustee or the Holder of any Security shall have received any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities, including any Junior Subordinated Payment, before all Allocable Amounts of all Senior and Subordinated Debt are paid in full or payment thereof is provided for in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment or distribution, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment or distribution shall be paid over or delivered forthwith to the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee, agent or other Person making payment or distribution of assets of the Company for application to the payment of all Allocable Amounts of all Senior and Subordinated Debt remaining unpaid, to the extent necessary to pay all Allocable Amounts of all Senior and Subordinated Debt in full, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or distribution to or for the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt. For purposes of this Article XII only, the words "any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or securities" shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company as reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment which securities are subordinated in right of payment to all then outstanding Senior and Subordinated Debt to substantially the same extent as the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this Article XII. The consolidation of the Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another Person or the liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the sale of all or substantially all of its properties and assets as an entirety to another Person upon the terms and conditions set forth in Article VIII shall not be deemed a Proceeding for the purposes of this Section 12.2 if the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is merged or the Person which acquires by sale such properties and assets as an entirety, as the case may be, shall, as a part of such consolidation, merger, or sale comply with the conditions set forth in Article VIII. Section 12.3. PRIOR PAYMENT TO SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT UPON ACCELERATION OF SECURITIES. In the event that any Securities are declared due and payable before their Stated Maturity, then and in such event the holders of the Senior and Subordinated Debt outstanding at the time such Securities so become due and payable shall be entitled to receive payment in full of all Allocable Amounts due on or in respect of such Senior and Subordinated Debt (including any amounts due upon acceleration), or provision shall be made for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory 64 to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, before the Holders of the Securities are entitled to receive any payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, properties or securities (including any Junior Subordinated Payment) by the Company on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the foregoing provisions of this Section 12.3, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered forthwith to the Company. The provisions of this Section 12.3 shall not apply to any payment with respect to which Section 12.2 would be applicable. Section 12.4. NO PAYMENT WHEN SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT IN DEFAULT. (a) (i) In the event and during the continuation of any default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Senior and Subordinated Debt, or in the event that any event of default with respect to any Senior and Subordinated Debt shall have occurred and be continuing and shall have resulted in such Senior and Subordinated Debt becoming or being declared due and payable prior to the date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable, unless and until such event of default shall have been cured or waived or shall have ceased to exist and such acceleration shall have been rescinded or annulled, or (ii) in the event any judicial proceeding shall be pending with respect to any such default in payment or such event or default, then no payment or distribution of any kind or character, whether in cash, properties or securities (including any Junior Subordinated Payment) shall be made by the Company on account of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest), if any, on the Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities by the Company or any Subsidiary, in each case unless and until all Allocable Amounts of such Senior and Subordinated Debt are paid in full. In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall make any payment to the Trustee or the Holder of any Security prohibited by the foregoing provisions of this Section 12.4, and if such fact shall, at or prior to the time of such payment, have been made known to the Trustee or, as the case may be, such Holder, then and in such event such payment shall be paid over and delivered forthwith to the Company. The provisions of this Section 12.4 shall not apply to any payment with respect to which Section 12.2 would be applicable. 65 Section 12.5. PAYMENT PERMITTED IF NO DEFAULT. Nothing contained in this Article XII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in any of the Securities shall prevent (a) the Company, at any time except during the pendency of any Proceeding referred to in Section 12.2 or under the conditions described in Sections 12.3 and 12.4, from making payments at any time of principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including Additional Interest) on the Securities, or (b) the application by the Trustee of any money deposited with it hereunder to the payment of or on account of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities or the retention of such payment by the Holders, if, at the time of such application by the Trustee, it did not have knowledge that such payment would have been prohibited by the provisions of this Article XII. Section 12.6. SUBROGATION TO RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT. Subject to the payment in full of all amounts due or to become due on all Senior and Subordinated Debt, or the provision for such payment in cash or cash equivalents or otherwise in a manner satisfactory to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, the Holders of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or distributions made to the holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt pursuant to the provisions of this Article XII (equally and ratably with the holders of all indebtedness of the Company which by its express terms is subordinated to Senior and Subordinated Debt of the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities are subordinated to the Senior and Subordinated Debt and is entitled to like rights of subrogation by reason of any payments or distributions made to holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt) to the rights of the holders of such Senior and Subordinated Debt to receive payments and distributions of cash, property and securities applicable to the Senior and Subordinated Debt until the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities shall be paid in full. For purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to the holders of the Senior and Subordinated Debt of any cash, property or securities to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the provisions of this Article, and no payments over pursuant to the provisions of this Article XII to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee, shall, as among the Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, and the Holders of the Securities, be deemed to be a payment or distribution by the Company to or on account of the Senior and Subordinated Debt. Section 12.7. PROVISIONS SOLELY TO DEFINE RELATIVE RIGHTS. The provisions of this Article XII are and are intended solely for the purpose of defining the relative rights of the Holders of the Securities on the one hand and the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt on the other hand. Nothing contained in this Article XII or elsewhere in this Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall (a) impair, as between the Company and the Holders of the Securities, the obligations of 66 the Company, which are absolute and unconditional, to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest (including any Additional Interest) on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable in accordance with their terms; or (b) affect the relative rights against the Company of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than their rights in relation to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt; or (c) prevent the Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture including, without limitation, filing and voting claims in any Proceeding, subject to the rights, if any, under this Article XII of the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt to receive cash, property and securities otherwise payable or deliverable to the Trustee or such Holder. Section 12.8. TRUSTEE TO EFFECTUATE SUBORDINATION. Each Holder of a Security by his or her acceptance thereof authorizes and directs the Trustee on his or her behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to acknowledge or effectuate the subordination provided in this Article XII and appoints the Trustee his or her attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes. Section 12.9. NO WAIVER OF SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS. No right of any present or future holder of any Senior and Subordinated Debt to enforce subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by the Company with the terms, provisions and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof that any such holder may have or be otherwise charged with. Without in any way limiting the generality of the immediately preceding paragraph, the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt may, at any time and from to time, without the consent of or notice to the Trustee or the Holders of the Securities, without incurring responsibility to the Holders of the Securities and without impairing or releasing the subordination provided in this Article or the obligations hereunder of the Holders of the Securities to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt, do any one or more of the following: (i) change the manner, place or terms of payment or extend the time of payment of, or renew or alter, Senior and Subordinated Debt, or otherwise amend or supplement in any manner Senior and Subordinated Debt or any instrument evidencing the same or any agreement under which Senior and Subordinated Debt is outstanding; (ii) sell, exchange, release or otherwise deal with any property pledged, mortgaged or otherwise securing Senior and Subordinated Debt; (iii) release any Person liable in any manner for the collection of Senior and Subordinated Debt; and (iv) exercise or refrain from exercising any rights against the Company and any other Person. 67 Section 12.10. NOTICE TO TRUSTEE. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article XII or any other provision of this Indenture, the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which would prohibit the making of any payment to or by the Trustee in respect of the Securities, unless and until the Trustee shall have received written notice thereof from the Company or a holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt or from any trustee, agent or representative therefor; provided, however, that if the Trustee shall not have received the notice provided for in this Section 12.10 at least two Business Days prior to the date upon which by the terms hereof any monies may become payable for any purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on any Security), then, anything herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received and shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it within two Business Days prior to such date. Subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, the Trustee shall be entitled to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Person representing himself to be a holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt (or a trustee therefor) to establish that such notice has been given by a holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt (or a trustee therefor). In the event that the Trustee determines in good faith that further evidence is required with respect to the right of any Person as a holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt to participate in any payment or distribution pursuant to this Article, the Trustee may request such Person to furnish evidence to the reasonable satisfaction of the Trustee as to the amount of Senior and Subordinated Debt held by such Person, the extent to which such Person is entitled to participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the rights of such Person under this Article, and if such evidence is not furnished, the Trustee may defer any payment to such Person pending judicial determination as to the right of such Person to receive such payment. Section 12.11. RELIANCE ON JUDICIAL ORDER OR CERTIFICATE OF LIQUIDATING AGENT. Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this Article XII, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 6.1, and the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such Proceeding is pending, or a certificate of the trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, liquidating trustee, custodian, assignee for the benefit of creditors, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders of Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the Persons entitled to participate in such payment or distribution, the holders of the Senior and Subordinated Debt and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or 68 payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article XII. Section 12.12. TRUSTEE NOT FIDUCIARY FOR HOLDERS OF SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT. The Trustee, in its capacity as trustee under this Indenture, shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt and shall not be liable to any such holders if it shall in good faith mistakenly pay over or distribute to Holders of Securities or to the Company or to any other Person cash, property or securities to which any holders of Senior and Subordinated Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this Article or otherwise. Section 12.13. RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE AS HOLDER OF SENIOR AND SUBORDINATED DEBT; PRESERVATION OF TRUSTEE'S RIGHTS. The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights set forth in this Article XII with respect to any Senior and Subordinated Debt which may at any time be held by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior and Subordinated Debt, and nothing in this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such holder. Section 12.14. ARTICLE APPLICABLE TO PAYING AGENTS. In case at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term "Trustee" as used in this Article XII shall in such case (unless the context otherwise requires) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent were named in this Article XII in addition to or in place of the Trustee. Section 12.15. CERTAIN CONVERSIONS OR EXCHANGES DEEMED PAYMENT. For the purposes of this Article XII only, (a) the issuance and delivery of junior securities upon conversion or exchange of Securities shall not be deemed to constitute a payment or distribution on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest (including any Additional Interest) on Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of Securities, and (b) the payment, issuance or delivery of cash, property or securities (other than junior securities) upon conversion or exchange of a Security shall be deemed to constitute payment on account of the principal of such security. For the purposes of this Section 12.15, the term "junior securities" means (i) shares of any stock of any class of the Company and (ii) securities of the Company which are subordinated in right of payment to all Senior and Subordinated Debt which may be outstanding at the time of issuance or delivery of such securities to substantially the same extent as, or to a greater extent than, the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this Article XII. * * * * 69 This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed, and their respective corporate seals to be hereunto affixed and attested, all as of the day and year first above written. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By: /s/ Thomas W. Scott -------------------------------- Name: Thomas W. Scott ------------------------------ Title: President & CEO ----------------------------- Attest: /s/ Terrill R. Moore -------------------------- Its: Senior Vice President ----------------------------- WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY as Trustee By: /s/ James P. Lawler -------------------------------- Name: James P. Lawler ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ----------------------------- Attest: /s/ -------------------------- Its: Assistant Secretary ----------------------------- 70 STATE OF MONTANA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF YELLOWSTONE ) On the 7th day of November, 1997 before me personally came Thomas W. Scott to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he is President & CEO of FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., one of the corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument; that he knows the seal of said corporation; that the seal affixed to said instrument is such corporate seal; and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation. [SEAL] /s/ Amy Weik ----------------------------------- Notary Public STATE OF DELAWARE ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ) On the 4th day of November, 1997 before me personally came James P. Lawler to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did depose and say that he is Vice President of WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY one of the corporations described in and which executed the foregoing instrument; that he knows the seal of said corporation; that the seal affixed to said instrument is such corporate seal; and that he signed his name thereto by authority of the Board of Directors of said corporation. [SEAL] /s/ Kathleen A. Pedelini ----------------------------------- Notary Public EX-4.6 3 AMENDED & RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AMENDED AND RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT AMONG FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., AS DEPOSITOR, WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS PROPERTY TRUSTEE, WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS DELAWARE TRUSTEE, AND THE ADMINISTRATIVE TRUSTEES NAMED HEREIN DATED AS OF NOVEMBER 7, 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Article I. Defined Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Article II. Establishment of the Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Section 2.1 Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Section 2.2 Office of the Delaware Trustee; Principal Place of Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 2.3 Initial Contribution of Trust Property; Organizational Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 2.4 Issuance of the Preferred Securities . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 2.5 Issuance of the Common Securities; Subscription and Purchase of Debentures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 2.6 Declaration of Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Section 2.7 Declaration of Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Section 2.8 Assets of Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Section 2.9 Title to Trust Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Article III. Payment Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Section 3.1 Payment Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Article IV. Distributions; Redemption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Section 4.1 Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Section 4.2 Redemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Section 4.3 Subordination of Common Securities . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Section 4.4 Payment Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Section 4.5 Tax Returns and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Section 4.6 Payment of Taxes, Duties, Etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Section 4.7 Payments under Indenture or Pursuant to Direct Actions . .22 i Article V. Trust Securities Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 5.1 Initial Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 5.2 The Trust Preferred Securities Certificates . . . . . . .22 Section 5.3 Execution and Delivery of Trust Preferred Securities Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 5.4 Registration of Transfer and Exchange of Preferred Securities Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Section 5.5 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Trust Preferred Securities Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Section 5.6 Persons Deemed Securityholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Section 5.7 Access to List of Securityholders' Names and Addresses . .24 Section 5.8 Maintenance of Office or Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Section 5.9 Appointment of Paying Agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Section 5.10 Ownership of Common Securities by Depositor . . . . . . .26 Section 5.11 Book Entry Preferred Securities Certificates; Common Securities Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Section 5.12 Notices to Clearing Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Section 5.13 Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates . . . . . .27 Section 5.14 Rights of Securityholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 Article VI. Acts of Securityholders; Meetings; Voting. . . . . . . . . . .30 Section 6.1 Limitations on Voting Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Section 6.2 Notice of Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Section 6.3 Meetings of Preferred Securityholders . . . . . . . . . .31 Section 6.4 Voting Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Section 6.5 Proxies, etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Section 6.6 Securityholder Action by Written Consent . . . . . . . . .32 ii Section 6.7 Record Date for Voting and Other Purposes . . . . . . . .32 Section 6.8 Acts of Securityholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Section 6.9 Inspection of Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Article VII. Representations and Warranties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Section 7.1 Representations and Warranties of the Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Section 7.2 Representations and Warranties of Depositor . . . . . . .35 Article VIII. The Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Section 8.1 Certain Duties and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . .36 Section 8.2 Certain Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 Section 8.3 Certain Rights of Property Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Section 8.4 Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities . .40 Section 8.5 May Hold Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Section 8.6 Compensation; Indemnity; Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Section 8.7 Corporate Property Trustee Required; Eligibility of Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Section 8.8 Conflicting Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Section 8.9 Co-Trustees and Separate Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Section 8.10 Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor . . . .44 Section 8.12 Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Successions to Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Section 8.13 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Depositor or Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 Section 8.14 Reports by Property Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Section 8.15 Reports to the Property Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Section 8.16 Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent . . . .48 iii Section 8.17 Number of Trustees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Section 8.18 Delegation of Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Section 8.19 Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Article IX. Dissolution, Liquidation and Merger. . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Section 9.1 Termination Upon Expiration Date . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Section 9.2 Early Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Section 9.3 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Section 9.4 Liquidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Section 9.5 Mergers, Consolidations, Amalgamations or Replacements of the Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Article X. Miscellaneous Provisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Section 10.1 Limitation of Rights of Securityholders . . . . . . . . .53 Section 10.2 Amendment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Section 10.3 Separability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Section 10.4 Governing Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Section 10.5 Payments Due on Non-Business Day . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Section 10.6 Successors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Section 10.7 Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Section 10.8 Reports, Notices and Demands . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Section 10.9 Agreement Not to Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Section 10.10 Trust Indenture Act; Conflict with Trust Indenture Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Section 10.11 Acceptance of Terms of Trust Agreement, Guarantee and Indenture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 iv EXHIBIT A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 EXHIBIT B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 EXHIBIT C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 EXHIBIT D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71 EXHIBIT E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 v FIB CAPITAL TRUST Certain Sections of This Trust Agreement Relating to Section 310 through 318 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939: TRUST INDENTURE ACT TRUST AGREEMENT SECTION SECTION 310(a)(1) 8.7 310(a)(2) 8.7 310(a)(3) 8.7 310(a)(4) 2.7(a)(ii) 310(b) Inapplicable 311(a) 8.13 311(b) 8.13 312(a) 5.7 312(b) 5.7 312(c) 5.7 313(a) 8.14(a) 313(a)(4) 8.14(b) 313(b) 8.14(b) 313(c) 10.8 313(d) 8.14(c) 314(a) 8.15 314(b) Not Applicable 314(c)(1) 8.16 314(c)(2) Not Applicable 314(d) Not Applicable 314(e) 1.1, 8.16 315(a) 8.1(a), 8.3(a) 315(b) 8.2, 10.8 315(c) 8.1(a) 315(d) 8.1, 8.3 315(e) Not Applicable 316(a) Not Applicable 316(a)(1)(A) Not Applicable 316(a)(1)(B) Not Applicable 316(a)(2) Not Applicable 316(b) 5.14 316(c) 6.7 317(a)(1) Not Applicable 317(a)(2) Not Applicable 317(b) 5.9 318(a) 10.10 vi Note: This reconciliation and tie sheet shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be a part of the Trust Agreement. vii AMENDED AND RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED TRUST AGREEMENT (this "Trust Agreement"), dated as of November 7, 1997, among (i) FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., a Montana corporation (including any successors or assigns, the "Depositor"), (ii) WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware banking corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, as property trustee (in such capacity, the "Property Trustee" and, in its separate corporate capacity and not in its capacity as Property Trustee, the "Bank"), (iii) WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, a Delaware banking corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, as Delaware trustee (the "Delaware Trustee"), (iv) Thomas W. Scott, an individual, William G. Wilson, an individual, and Terrill R. Moore, an individual, each of whose address is c/o First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. (each an "Administrative Trustee" and collectively the "Administrative Trustees") (the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee and the Administrative Trustees are referred to collectively herein as the "Trustees") and (v) the several Holders, as hereinafter defined. WITNESSETH WHEREAS, the Depositor and certain of the trustees have heretofore duly declared and established a business trust pursuant to the Delaware Business Trust Act by entering into that certain Trust Agreement, dated as of October 1, 1997 (the "Original Trust Agreement"), and by the execution and filing by those trustees with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware of the Certificate of Trust, filed on October 1, 1997, attached as Exhibit A; and WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to amend and restate the Original Trust Agreement in its entirety as set forth herein to provide for, among other things, (i) the issuance of the Common Securities by the Trust to the Depositor, (ii) the issuance and sale of the Preferred Securities by the Trust pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement; (iii) the acquisition by the Trust from the Depositor of all of the right, title and interest in the Debentures and (iv) the appointment of the additional trustees of the Trust; NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the agreements and obligations set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, each party, for the benefit of the other parties and for the benefit of the Securityholders, hereby amends and restates the Original Trust Agreement in its entirety and agrees as follows: ARTICLE I. DEFINED TERMS Section 1.1 DEFINITIONS. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement, except as otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires: (a) the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this Article and include the plural as well as the singular; (b) all other terms used herein that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein; (c) unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an "Article" or a "Section" refers to an Article or a Section, as the case may be, of this Trust Agreement; and (d) the words "herein," "hereof" and "hereunder" and other words of similar import refer to this Trust Agreement as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision. "Act" has the meaning specified in Section 6.8. "Additional Amount" means, with respect to Trust Securities of a given Liquidation Amount and/or a given period, the amount of Additional Interest (as defined in the Indenture) paid by the Depositor on a Like Amount of Debentures for such period. "Additional Sums" has the meaning specified in Section 10.6 of the Indenture. "Administrative Trustee" means each of the Persons identified as an "Administrative Trustee" in the preamble to this Trust Agreement solely in such Person's capacity as Administrative Trustee of the Trust and not in such Person's individual capacity, or such Administrative Trustee's successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor trustee appointed as herein provided. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. "Bank" has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Trust Agreement. 2 "Bankruptcy Event" means, with respect to any Person: the entry of a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises judging such Person a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjudication or composition of or in respect of such Person under any applicable Bankruptcy Law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or other similar official) of such Person or of any substantial part of its property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or (e) the institution by such Person of proceedings to be adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or the consent by it to the institution of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking reorganization or relief under any applicable Bankruptcy Law, or the consent by it to the filing of any such petition or to the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of such Person or of any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due and its willingness to be adjudicated a bankrupt, or the taking of corporate action by such Person in furtherance of any such action. "Bankruptcy Law" means any Federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar law. "Board Resolution" means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Depositor to have been duly adopted by the Depositor's Board of Directors, or such committee of the Board of Directors or officers of the Depositor to which authority to act on behalf of the Board of Directors has been delegated, and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and delivered to the appropriate Trustees. "Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates" means a beneficial interest in the Preferred Securities Certificates, ownership and transfers of which shall be made through book entries by a Clearing Agency as described in Section 5.11. "Business Day" means a day other than (a) a Saturday or Sunday, (b) a day on which banking institutions in the State of Montana are authorized or required by law or executive order to remain closed, or (c) a day on which the Property Trustee's Corporate Trust Office or the Debenture Trustee's Corporate Trust Office is closed for business. "Certificate Depository Agreement" means the agreement among the Trust, the Depositor and The Depository Trust Company, as the initial Clearing Agency, dated as of the Closing Date, relating to the Trust Securities Certificates, 3 substantially in the form attached as Exhibit B, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time. "Certificate of Trust" means the certificate of trust filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware with respect to the Trust, as amended or restated from time to time. "Clearing Agency" means an organization registered as a "clearing agency" pursuant to Section 17A of the Exchange Act. The Depository Trust Company will be the initial Clearing Agency. "Clearing Agency Participant" means a broker, dealer, bank, other financial institution or other Person for whom from time to time a Clearing Agency effects book-entry transfers and pledges of securities deposited with the Clearing Agency. "Closing Date" means the date of execution and delivery of this Trust Agreement. "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, as amended, or, if at any time after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the body performing such duties at such time. "Common Security" means an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the Trust, having a Liquidation Amount of $25 and having the rights provided therefor in this Trust Agreement, including the right to receive Distributions and a Liquidation Distribution as provided herein. "Common Securities Certificate" means a certificate evidencing ownership of Common Securities, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit C. "Corporate Trust Office" means (i) when used with respect to the Property Trustee, the principal office of the Property Trustee located at Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration, and (ii) when used with respect to the Debenture Trustee, the principal office of the Debenture Trustee located at Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: James P. Lawler. "Debenture Event of Default" means an "Event of Default" as defined in the Indenture. 4 "Debenture Redemption Date" means, with respect to any Debentures to be redeemed under the Indenture, the date fixed for redemption under the Indenture. "Debenture Trustee" means Wilmington Trust Company, a Delaware banking corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and any successor thereto, as trustee under the Indenture. "Debentures" means the aggregate principal amount of the Depositor's ___% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures, issued pursuant to the Indenture. "Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates" means either or both (as the context requires) of (a) Preferred Securities Certificates issued as Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificate as provided in Section 5.11(a) and (b) Preferred Securities Certificates issued in certificated, fully registered form as provided in Section 5.13. "Delaware Business Trust Act" means Chapter 38 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code, 12 Del. C. Section 3801, ET SEQ., as it may be amended from time to time. "Delaware Trustee" means the Person identified as the "Delaware Trustee" in the preamble to this Trust Agreement solely in its capacity as Delaware Trustee and not in its individual capacity, or its successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor trustee appointed as herein provided. "Depositor" has the meaning specified in the preamble to this Trust Agreement. "Distribution Date" has the meaning specified in Section 4.1(a). "Distributions" means amounts payable in respect of the Trust Securities as provided in Section 4.1. "Early Dissolution Event" has the meaning specified in Section 9.2. "Event of Default" means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body): (a) the occurrence of a Debenture Event of Default; 5 (b) default by the Trust in the payment of any Distribution when it becomes due and payable, and continuation of such default for a period of 30 days; or (c) default by the Trust in the payment of any Redemption Price of any Trust Security when it becomes due and payable; (d) default in the performance, or breach, in any material respect, of any covenant or warranty of the Property Trustee in this Trust Agreement (other than a covenant or warranty a default in the performance or breach of which is dealt with in clause (b) or (c) above) and continuation of such default or breach for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the defaulting Property Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate liquidation preference of the Outstanding Preferred Securities a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a "Notice of Default" hereunder; or (e) the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event with respect to the Property Trustee and the failure by the Depositor to appoint a successor Property Trustee within 60 days thereof. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Expense Agreement" means the Agreement as to Expenses and Liabilities between the Depositor and the Trust, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit D, as amended from time to time. "Expiration Date" has the meaning specified in Section 9.1. "Guarantee" means the Guarantee Agreement executed and delivered by the Depositor and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Trust Agreement, for the benefit of the holders of the Preferred Securities, as amended from time to time. "Holder" means a Securityholder. "Indenture" means the Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of November 7, 1997, between the Depositor and the Debenture Trustee, as trustee, as amended or supplemented from time to time. "Lien" means any lien, pledge, charge, encumbrance, mortgage, deed of trust, adverse ownership interest, adverse claim, hypothecation, assignment, security interest or preference, priority or other security agreement or preferential arrangement of any kind or nature whatsoever. 6 "Like Amount" means (a) with respect to a redemption of Trust Securities, Trust Securities having a Liquidation Amount equal to the principal amount of Debentures to be contemporaneously redeemed in accordance with the Indenture the proceeds of which will be used to pay the Redemption Price of such Trust Securities, and (b) with respect to a distribution of Debentures to Holders of Trust Securities in connection with a dissolution or liquidation of the Trust, Debentures having a principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities of the Holder to whom such Debentures are distributed. "Liquidation Amount" means the stated amount of $25 per Trust Security. "Liquidation Date" means the date on which Debentures are to be distributed to Holders of Trust Securities in connection with a dissolution and liquidation of the Trust pursuant to Section 9.4(a). "Liquidation Distribution" has the meaning specified in Section 9.4(d). "1940 Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer, an Associate Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Depositor, and delivered to the appropriate Trustee. One of the officers signing an Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section 8.16 shall be the principal executive, financial or accounting officer of the Depositor. Any Officers' Certificate delivered with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Trust Agreement shall include: (a) a statement that each officer signing the Officers' Certificate has read the covenant or condition and the definitions relating thereto; (b) a brief statement of the nature and scope of the examination or investigation undertaken by each officer in rendering the Officers' Certificate; (c) a statement that each such officer has made such examination or investigation as, in such officer's opinion, is necessary to enable such officer to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such officer, such condition or covenant has been complied with. "Opinion of Counsel" means a written opinion of counsel, who may be counsel for the Trust, the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or the Depositor, but not an employee of any thereof, and who shall be reasonably acceptable to the Property Trustee. 7 "Original Trust Agreement" has the meaning specified in the recitals to this Trust Agreement. "Outstanding," when used with respect to Trust Securities, means, as of the date of determination, all Trust Securities theretofore executed and delivered under this Trust Agreement, except: (e) Trust Securities theretofore canceled by the Property Trustee or delivered to the Property Trustee for cancellation; (f) Trust Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited with the Property Trustee or any Paying Agent for the Holders of such Trust Securities; provided that, if such Trust Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Trust Agreement; and (g) Trust Securities which have been paid or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Preferred Securities have been executed and delivered pursuant to Sections 5.4, 5.5, 5.11 and 5.13; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite Liquidation Amount of the Outstanding Preferred Securities have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, Preferred Securities owned by the Depositor, any Trustee or any Affiliate of the Depositor or any Trustee shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that (a) in determining whether any Trustee shall be protected in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, only Preferred Securities that such Trustee knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded and (b) the foregoing shall not apply at any time when all of the outstanding Preferred Securities are owned by the Depositor, one or more of the Trustees and/or any such Affiliate. Preferred Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the Administrative Trustees the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Preferred Securities and that the pledgee is not the Depositor or any Affiliate of the Depositor. "Owner" means each Person who is the beneficial owner of a Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificate as reflected in the records of the Clearing Agency or, if a Clearing Agency Participant is not the Owner, then as reflected in the records of a Person maintaining an account with such Clearing Agency (directly or indirectly, in accordance with the rules of such Clearing Agency). "Paying Agent" means any paying agent or co-paying agent appointed pursuant to Section 5.9 and shall initially be the Bank. "Payment Account" means a segregated non-interest-bearing corporate trust account maintained by the Property Trustee with the Bank in its trust 8 department for the benefit of the Securityholders in which all amounts paid in respect of the Debentures will be held and from which the Property Trustee, through the Paying Agent, shall make payments to the Securityholders in accordance with Sections 4.1 and 4.2. "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company or corporation, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. "Preferred Security" means an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the Trust, having a Liquidation Amount of $25 and having the rights provided therefor in this Trust Agreement, including the right to receive Distributions and a Liquidation Distribution as provided herein. "Preferred Securities Certificate" means a certificate evidencing ownership of Preferred Securities, substantially in the form attached as Exhibit E. "Property Trustee" means the Person identified as the "Property Trustee" in the preamble to this Trust Agreement solely in its capacity as Property Trustee of the Trust and not in its individual capacity, or its successor in interest in such capacity, or any successor property trustee appointed as herein provided. "Redemption Date" means, with respect to any Trust Security to be redeemed, the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Trust Agreement; provided that each Debenture Redemption Date and the stated maturity of the Debentures shall be a Redemption Date for a Like Amount of Trust Securities. "Redemption Price" means, with respect to any Trust Security, the Liquidation Amount of such Trust Security, plus accumulated and unpaid Distributions to the Redemption Date, plus the related amount of the premium, if any, paid by the Depositor upon the concurrent redemption of a Like Amount of Debentures, allocated on a pro rata basis (based on Liquidation Amounts) among the Trust Securities. "Relevant Trustee" shall have the meaning specified in Section 8.10. "Securities Register" and "Securities Registrar" have the respective meanings specified in Section 5.4. "Securityholder" means a Person in whose name a Trust Security is registered in the Securities Register; any such Person shall be a beneficial owner within the meaning of the Delaware Business Trust Act; provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the requisite amount of Preferred Securities have voted on any matter provided for in this Trust Agreement, then for the purpose of any such determination, so long as Definitive Preferred 9 Securities Certificates have not been issued, the term Securityholders or Holders as used herein shall refer to the Owners. "Trust" means the Delaware business trust created and continued hereby and identified on the cover page to this Trust Agreement. "Trust Agreement" means this Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, as the same may be modified, amended or supplemented in accordance with the applicable provisions hereof, including (i) all exhibits hereto and (ii) for all purposes of this Trust Agreement and any such modification, amendment or supplement, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a part of and govern this Trust Agreement and any such modification, amendment or supplement, respectively. "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, "Trust Indenture Act" means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended. "Trust Property" means (a) the Debentures, (b) any cash on deposit in, or owing to, the Payment Account and (c) all proceeds and rights in respect of the foregoing and any other property and assets for the time being held or deemed to be held by the Property Trustee pursuant to the trusts of this Trust Agreement. "Trust Security" means any one of the Common Securities or the Preferred Securities. "Trust Securities Certificate" means any one of the Common Securities Certificates or the Preferred Securities Certificates. "Trustees" mean, collectively, the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee and the Administrative Trustees. "Underwriting Agreement" means the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of November 7, 1997, among the Trust, the Depositor and the underwriter(s) named therein. ARTICLE II. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRUST Section 2.1 NAME. The Trust continued hereby shall be known as "FIB Capital Trust," as such name may be modified from time to time by the Administrative Trustees following written notice to the Holders of Trust Securities and the other Trustees, in which name the Trustees may conduct the 10 business of the Trust, make and execute contracts and other instruments on behalf of the Trust and sue and be sued. Section 2.2 OFFICE OF THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE; PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS. The address of the Delaware Trustee in the State of Delaware is c/o Wilmington Trust Company, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administrator, or such other address in the State of Delaware as the Delaware Trustee may designate by written notice to the Securityholders and the Depositor. The principal executive office of the Trust is c/o First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., 401 North 31st Street, Billings, MT 59101. Section 2.3 INITIAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRUST PROPERTY; ORGANIZATIONAL EXPENSES. The Trustees acknowledges receipt in trust from the Depositor in connection with the Original Trust Agreement of the sum of $10, which constituted the initial Trust Property. The Depositor shall pay organizational expenses of the Trust as they arise or shall, upon request of any Trustee, promptly reimburse such Trustee for any such expenses paid by such Trustee. The Depositor shall make no claim upon the Trust Property for the payment of such expenses. Section 2.4 ISSUANCE OF THE PREFERRED SECURITIES. The Depositor and an Administrative Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and pursuant to the Original Trust Agreement, shall execute and deliver the Underwriting Agreement. Contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Trust Agreement, an Administrative Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall execute in accordance with Section 5.2 and deliver to the Underwriter(s) named in the Underwriting Agreement Preferred Securities Certificates, registered in the name of the nominee of the initial Clearing Agency, in an aggregate amount of 1,600,000 Preferred Securities having an aggregate Liquidation Amount of $40,000,000, against receipt of such aggregate purchase price of such Preferred Securities of $40,000,000, which amount the Administrative Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Property Trustee. Section 2.5 ISSUANCE OF THE COMMON SECURITIES; SUBSCRIPTION AND PURCHASE OF DEBENTURES. Contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of this Trust Agreement, an Administrative Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall execute in accordance with Section 5.2 and deliver to the Depositor Common Securities Certificates, registered in the name of the Depositor, in an aggregate amount of 49,484 Common Securities having an aggregate Liquidation Amount of $1,237,100 against payment by the Depositor of such amount, which amount such Administrative Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Property Trustee. Contemporaneously therewith, an Administrative Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall subscribe to and purchase from the Depositor Debentures, registered in the name of the Trust and having an aggregate principal amount equal to $41,237,100, and, in satisfaction of the purchase price for such Debentures, the 11 Property Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall deliver to the Depositor the sum of $41,237,100 (being the sum of the amounts delivered to the Property Trustee pursuant to (i) the second sentence of Section 2.4 and (ii) the first sentence of this Section 2.5). Section 2.6 PURPOSES; DECLARATION OF TRUST. The exclusive purposes and functions of the Trust are (a) to issue and sell Trust Securities and use the proceeds from such sale to acquire the Debentures, and (b) to engage in those activities necessary, advisable or incidental thereto. The Depositor hereby appoints the Trustees as trustees of the Trust, to have all the rights, powers and duties to the extent set forth herein, and the Trustees hereby accept such appointment. The Property Trustee hereby declares that it will hold the Trust Property in trust upon and subject to the conditions set forth herein for the benefit of the Trust and the Securityholders. The Administrative Trustees shall have all rights, powers and duties set forth herein and in accordance with applicable law with respect to accomplishing the purposes of the Trust. The Delaware Trustee shall not be entitled to exercise any powers, nor shall the Delaware Trustee have any of the duties and responsibilities, of the Property Trustee or the Administrative Trustees set forth herein. The Delaware Trustee shall be one of the Trustees of the Trust for the sole and limited purpose of fulfilling the requirements of Section 3807 of the Delaware Business Trust Act. Section 2.7 DECLARATION OF TRUST; AUTHORITY. (a) The Trustees shall conduct the affairs of the Trust in accordance with the terms of this Trust Agreement. Subject to the limitations set forth in paragraph (b) of this Section and Section 2.6, and in accordance with the following provisions (i) and (ii), the Trustees shall have the authority to enter into all transactions and agreements determined by the Trustees to be appropriate in exercising the authority, express or implied, otherwise granted to the Trustees under this Trust Agreement, and to perform all acts in furtherance thereof, including without limitation, the following: (i) As among the Trustees, each Administrative Trustee, acting singly or jointly, shall have the power and authority to act on behalf of the Trust with respect to the following matters: (A) the issuance and sale of the Trust Securities; (B) to cause the Trust to enter into, and to execute, deliver and perform on behalf of the Trust, the Expense Agreement and the Certificate Depository Agreement and such other agreements as may be necessary or desirable in connection with the purposes and function of the Trust; 12 (C) assisting in the registration of the Preferred Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and under state securities or blue sky laws, and the qualification of this Trust Agreement as a trust indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; (D) assisting in the listing of the Preferred Securities upon such securities exchange or exchanges as shall be determined by the Depositor and the registration of the Preferred Securities under the Exchange Act and the preparation and filing of all periodic and other reports and other documents pursuant to the foregoing; (E) the sending of notices (other than notices of default) and other information regarding the Trust Securities and the Debentures to the Securityholders in accordance with this Trust Agreement; (F) the appointment of a Paying Agent, authenticating agent and Securities Registrar in accordance with this Trust Agreement; (G) registering transfer of the Trust Securities in accordance with this Trust Agreement; (H) to the extent provided in this Trust Agreement, the winding up of the affairs of and liquidation of the Trust; (I) unless otherwise determined by the Depositor, the Property Trustee or the Administrative Trustees, or as otherwise required by the Delaware Business Trust Act or the Trust Indenture Act, to execute on behalf of the Trust (either acting alone or together with any or all of the Administrative Trustees) any documents that the Administrative Trustees have the power to execute pursuant to this Trust Agreement; and (J) the taking of any action incidental to the foregoing as the Trustees may from time to time determine is necessary or advisable to give effect to the terms of this Trust Agreement for the benefit of the Securityholders (without consideration of the effect of any such action on any particular Securityholder). (ii) As among the Trustees, the Property Trustee shall have the power, duty and authority to act on behalf of the Trust with respect to the following matters: 13 (A) the establishment of the Payment Account; (B) the receipt of the Debentures; (C) the collection of interest, principal and any other payments made in respect of the Debentures in the Payment Account; (D) the distribution through the Paying Agent of amounts owed to the Securityholders in respect of the Trust Securities; (E) the exercise of all of the rights, powers and privileges of a holder of the Debentures; (F) the sending of notices of default and other information regarding the Trust Securities and the Debentures to the Securityholders in accordance with this Trust Agreement; (G) the distribution of the Trust Property in accordance with the terms of this Trust Agreement; (H) to the extent provided in this Trust Agreement, the winding up of the affairs of and liquidation of the Trust and the preparation, execution and filing of the certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware; (I) after an Event of Default (other than under paragraph (b), (c), (d) or (e) of the definition of such term if such Event of Default is by or with respect to the Property Trustee) the taking of any action incidental to the foregoing as the Property Trustee may from time to time determine is necessary or advisable to give effect to the terms of this Trust Agreement and protect and conserve the Trust Property for the benefit of the Securityholders (without consideration of the effect of any such action on any particular Securityholder); (J) so long as the Property Trustee is the Securities Registrar, registering transfers of the Trust Securities in accordance with this Trust Agreement; and (K) except as otherwise provided in this Section 2.7(a)(ii), the Property Trustee shall have none of the duties, liabilities, powers or the authority of the Administrative Trustees set forth in Section 2.7(a)(i). 14 (b) So long as this Trust Agreement remains in effect, the Trust (or the Trustees acting on behalf of the Trust) shall not undertake any business, activities or transaction except as expressly provided herein or contemplated hereby. In particular, the Trustees shall not (i) acquire any investments or engage in any activities not authorized by this Trust Agreement, (ii) sell, assign, transfer, exchange, mortgage, pledge, set-off or otherwise dispose of any of the Trust Property or interests therein, including to Securityholders, except as expressly provided herein, (iii) take any action that would cause the Trust to fail or cease to qualify as a "grantor trust" for United States Federal income tax purposes, (iv) incur any indebtedness for borrowed money or issue any other debt or (v) take or consent to any action that would result in the placement of a Lien on any of the Trust Property. The Administrative Trustees shall defend all claims and demands of all Persons at any time claiming any Lien on any of the Trust Property adverse to the interest of the Trust or the Securityholders in their capacity as Securityholders. (c) In connection with the issue and sale of the Preferred Securities, the Depositor shall have the right and responsibility to assist the Trust with respect to, or effect on behalf of the Trust, the following (and any actions taken by the Depositor in furtherance of the following prior to the date of this Trust Agreement are hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects): (i) the preparation and filing by the Trust with the Commission and the execution on behalf of the Trust of a registration statement on the appropriate form in relation to the Preferred Securities, including any amendments thereto; (ii) the determination of the States in which to take appropriate action to qualify or register for sale all or part of the Preferred Securities and the determination of any and all such acts, other than actions which must be taken by or on behalf of the Trust, and the advice to the Trustees of actions they must take on behalf of the Trust, and the preparation for execution and filing of any documents to be executed and filed by the Trust or on behalf of the Trust, as the Depositor deems necessary or advisable in order to comply with the applicable laws of any such States; (iii) the preparation for filing by the Trust and execution on behalf of the Trust of an application to the New York Stock Exchange or any other national stock exchange or the Nasdaq National Market for listing upon notice of issuance of any Preferred Securities; (iv) the preparation for filing by the Trust with the Commission and the execution on behalf of the Trust of a registration statement on Form 8-A relating to the registration of the Preferred 15 Securities under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, including any amendments thereto; (v) the negotiation of the terms of, and the execution and delivery of, the Underwriting Agreement providing for the sale of the Preferred Securities; and (vi) the taking of any other actions necessary or desirable to carry out any of the foregoing activities. (d) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Administrative Trustees are authorized and directed to conduct the affairs of the Trust and to operate the Trust so that the Trust will not be deemed to be an "investment company" required to be registered under the 1940 Act, or fail to be classified as a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes and so that the Debentures will be treated as indebtedness of the Depositor for United States Federal income tax purposes. In this connection, the Depositor and the Administrative Trustees are authorized to take any action, not inconsistent with applicable law, the Certificate of Trust or this Trust Agreement, that each of the Depositor and any Administrative Trustee determines in its discretion to be necessary or desirable for such purposes, as long as such action does not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of the holders of the Preferred Securities. Section 2.8 ASSETS OF TRUST. The assets of the Trust shall consist of the Trust Property. Section 2.9 TITLE TO TRUST PROPERTY. Legal title to all Trust Property shall be vested at all times in the Property Trustee (in its capacity as such) and shall be held and administered by the Property Trustee for the benefit of the Trust and the Securityholders in accordance with this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE III. PAYMENT ACCOUNT Section 3.1 PAYMENT ACCOUNT. (a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Property Trustee shall establish the Payment Account. The Property Trustee and any agent of the Property Trustee shall have exclusive control and sole right of withdrawal with respect to the Payment Account for the purpose of making deposits in and withdrawals from the Payment Account in accordance with this Trust Agreement. All monies and other property deposited or held from time to time in the Payment Account shall be held by the Property Trustee in the Payment Account for the exclusive benefit of the Securityholders and for distribution as herein provided, including (and subject to) any priority of payments provided for herein. 16 (b) The Property Trustee shall deposit in the Payment Account, promptly upon receipt, all payments of principal of or interest on, and any other payments or proceeds with respect to, the Debentures. Amounts held in the Payment Account shall not be invested by the Property Trustee pending distribution thereof. ARTICLE IV. DISTRIBUTIONS; REDEMPTION Section 4.1 DISTRIBUTIONS. (a) The Trust Securities represent undivided beneficial interests in the Trust Property, and Distributions (including of Additional Amounts) will be made on the Trust Securities at the rate and on the dates that payments of interest (including of Additional Interest, as defined in the Indenture) are made on the Debentures. Accordingly: (i) Distributions on the Trust Securities shall be cumulative, and will accumulate whether or not there are funds of the Trust available for the payment of Distributions. Distributions shall accrue from November 7, 1997, and, except in the event (and to the extent) that the Depositor exercises its right to defer the payment of interest on the Debentures pursuant to the Indenture, shall be payable quarterly in arrears on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 of each year, commencing on December 15, 1997. If any date on which a Distribution is otherwise payable on the Trust Securities is not a Business Day, then the payment of such Distribution shall be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, payment of such Distribution shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date (each date on which distributions are payable in accordance with this Section 4.1(a), a "Distribution Date"). (ii) Assuming payments of interest on the Debentures are made when due (and before giving effect to Additional Amounts, if applicable), Distributions on the Trust Securities shall be payable at a rate of ___% per annum of the Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities. The amount of Distributions payable for any full period shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. The amount of Distributions for any partial period shall be computed on the basis of the number of days elapsed in a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. The amount of Distributions payable for any period shall include the Additional Amounts, if any. 17 (iii) Distributions on the Trust Securities shall be made by the Property Trustee from the Payment Account and shall be payable on each Distribution Date only to the extent that the Trust has funds then on hand and available in the Payment Account for the payment of such Distributions. (b) Distributions on the Trust Securities with respect to a Distribution Date shall be payable to the Holders thereof as they appear on the Securities Register for the Trust Securities on the relevant record date, which shall be one Business Day prior to such Distribution Date; provided, however, that in the event that the Preferred Securities do not remain in book- entry-only form, the relevant record date shall be the date 15 days prior to the relevant Distribution Date. Section 4.2 REDEMPTION. (a) On each Debenture Redemption Date and on the stated maturity of the Debentures, the Trust will be required to redeem, subject to Section 4.3, a Like Amount of Trust Securities at the Redemption Price. (b) Notice of redemption shall be given by the Property Trustee by first-class mail, postage prepaid, mailed not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date to each Holder of Trust Securities to be redeemed, at such Holder's address appearing in the Security Register. All notices of redemption shall state: (i) the Redemption Date; (ii) the Redemption Price; (iii) the CUSIP number; (iv) if less than all the Outstanding Trust Securities are to be redeemed, the identification and the total Liquidation Amount of the particular Trust Securities to be redeemed; and (v) that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable upon each such Trust Security to be redeemed and that Distributions thereon will cease to accrue on and after said date. (c) The Trust Securities redeemed on each Redemption Date shall be redeemed at the Redemption Price with the proceeds from the contemporaneous redemption of Debentures. Redemptions of the Trust Securities shall be made and the Redemption Price shall be payable on each Redemption 18 Date only to the extent that the Trust has funds then on hand and available in the Payment Account for the payment of such Redemption Price. (d) If the Property Trustee gives a notice of redemption in respect of any Preferred Securities, then, by 12:00 noon, Rocky Mountain time, on the Redemption Date, subject to Section 4.2(c), with respect to Preferred Securities held in book-entry form, the Property Trustee will irrevocably deposit with the Clearing Agency for the Preferred Securities funds sufficient to pay the applicable Redemption Price and will give such Clearing Agency irrevocable instructions and authority to pay the Redemption Price to the holders thereof. With respect to Preferred Securities held in certificated form, the Property Trustee, subject to Section 4.2(c), will irrevocably deposit with the Paying Agent funds sufficient to pay the applicable Redemption Price and will give the Paying Agent irrevocable instructions and authority to pay the Redemption Price to the Holders thereof upon surrender of their Preferred Securities Certificates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Distributions payable on or prior to the Redemption Date for any Trust Securities called for redemption shall be payable to the Holders of such Trust Securities as they appear on the Register for the Trust Securities on the relevant record dates for the related Distribution Dates. If notice of redemption shall have been given and funds deposited as required, then upon the date of such deposit, all rights of Securityholders holding Trust Securities so called for redemption will cease, except the right of such Securityholders to receive the Redemption Price and any Distribution payable on or prior to the Redemption Date, but without interest, and such Securities will cease to be outstanding. In the event that any date on which any Redemption Price is payable is not a Business Day, then payment of the Redemption Price payable on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay), except that, if such Business Day falls in the next calendar year, such payment will be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case, with the same force and effect as if made on such date. In the event that payment of the Redemption Price in respect of any Trust Securities called for redemption is improperly withheld or refused and not paid either by the Trust or by the Depositor pursuant to the Guarantee, Distributions on such Trust Securities will continue to accrue, at the then applicable rate, from the Redemption Date originally established by the Trust for such Trust Securities to the date such Redemption Price is actually paid, in which case the actual payment date will be the date fixed for redemption for purposes of calculating the Redemption Price. (e) Payment of the Redemption Price on the Trust Securities shall be made to the recordholders thereof as they appear on the Securities Register for the Trust Securities on the relevant record date, which shall be one Business Day prior to the relevant Redemption Date; provided, however, that in the event that the Preferred Securities do not remain in book-entry-only form, the 19 relevant record date shall be the date fifteen days prior to the relevant Redemption Date. (f) Subject to Section 4.3(a), if less than all the Outstanding Trust Securities are to be redeemed on a Redemption Date, then the aggregate Liquidation Amount of Trust Securities to be redeemed shall be allocated on a pro rata basis (based on Liquidation Amounts) among the Common Securities and the Preferred Securities. The particular Preferred Securities to be redeemed shall be selected on a pro rata basis (based upon Liquidation Amounts) not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Property Trustee from the Outstanding Preferred Securities not previously called for redemption, by such method (including, without limitation, by lot) as the Property Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate and which may provide for the selection for redemption of portions (equal to $25 or an integral multiple of $25 in excess thereof) of the Liquidation Amount of Preferred Securities of a denomination larger than $25. The Property Trustee shall promptly notify the Security Registrar in writing of the Preferred Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Preferred Securities selected for partial redemption, the Liquidation Amount thereof to be redeemed. For all purposes of this Trust Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Preferred Securities shall relate, in the case of any Preferred Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion of the Liquidation Amount of Preferred Securities that has been or is to be redeemed. Section 4.3 SUBORDINATION OF COMMON SECURITIES. (a) Payment of Distributions (including Additional Amounts, if applicable) on, and the Redemption Price of, the Trust Securities, as applicable, shall be made, subject to Section 4.2(f), pro rata among the Common Securities and the Preferred Securities based on the Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities; provided, however, that if on any Distribution Date or Redemption Date any Event of Default resulting from a Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, no payment of any Distribution (including Additional Amounts, if applicable) on, or Redemption Price of, any Common Security, and no other payment on account of the redemption, liquidation or other acquisition of Common Securities, shall be made unless payment in full in cash of all accumulated and unpaid Distributions (including Additional Amounts, if applicable) on all Outstanding Preferred Securities for all Distribution periods terminating on or prior thereto, or in the case of payment of the Redemption Price the full amount of such Redemption Price on all Outstanding Preferred Securities, shall have been made or provided for, and all funds immediately available to the Property Trustee shall first be applied to the payment in full in cash of all Distributions (including Additional Amounts, if applicable) on, or the Redemption Price of, Preferred Securities then due and payable. 20 (b) In the case of the occurrence of any Event of Default resulting from any Debenture Event of Default, the Holder of Common Securities will be deemed to have waived any right to act with respect to any such Event of Default under this Trust Agreement until the effect of all such Events of Default with respect to the Preferred Securities have been cured, waived or otherwise eliminated. Until any such Event of Default under this Trust Agreement with respect to the Preferred Securities has been so cured, waived or otherwise eliminated, the Property Trustee shall act solely on behalf of the Holders of the Preferred Securities and not the Holder of the Common Securities, and only the Holders of the Preferred Securities will have the right to direct the Property Trustee to act on their behalf. Section 4.4 PAYMENT PROCEDURES. Payments of Distributions (including Additional Amounts, if applicable) in respect of the Preferred Securities shall be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled thereto as such address shall appear on the Securities Register or, if the Preferred Securities are held by a Clearing Agency, such Distributions shall be made to the Clearing Agency in immediately available funds, which shall credit the relevant Persons' accounts at such Clearing Agency on the applicable Distribution Dates. Payments in respect of the Common Securities shall be made in such manner as shall be mutually agreed between the Property Trustee and the Common Securityholder. Section 4.5 TAX RETURNS AND REPORTS. The Administrative Trustees shall prepare (or cause to be prepared), at the Depositor's expense, and file all United States Federal, state and local tax and information returns and reports required to be filed by or in respect of the Trust. In this regard, the Administrative Trustees shall (a) prepare and file (or cause to be prepared and filed) the appropriate Internal Revenue Service form required to be filed in respect of the Trust in each taxable year of the Trust and (b) prepare and furnish (or cause to be prepared and furnished) to each Securityholder the appropriate Internal Revenue Service form required to be provided on such form. The Administrative Trustees shall provide the Depositor and the Property Trustee with a copy of all such returns and reports promptly after such filing or furnishing. The Trustees shall comply with United States Federal withholding and backup withholding tax laws and information reporting requirements with respect to any payments to Securityholders under the Trust Securities. Section 4.6 PAYMENT OF TAXES, DUTIES, ETC. OF THE TRUST. Upon receipt under the Debentures of Additional Sums, the Property Trustee shall promptly pay any taxes, duties or governmental charges of whatsoever nature (other than withholding taxes) imposed on the Trust by the United States or any other taxing authority. 21 Section 4.7 PAYMENTS UNDER INDENTURE OR PURSUANT TO DIRECT ACTIONS. Any amount payable hereunder to any Holder of Preferred Securities shall be reduced by the amount of any corresponding payment such Holder (and any Owner with respect thereto) has directly received pursuant to Section 5.8 of the Indenture or Section 5.14 of this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE V. TRUST SECURITIES CERTIFICATES Section 5.1 INITIAL OWNERSHIP. Upon the creation of the Trust and the contribution by the Depositor pursuant to Section 2.3 and until the issuance of the Trust Securities, and at any time during which no Trust Securities are outstanding, the Depositor shall be the sole beneficial owner of the Trust. Section 5.2 THE TRUST SECURITIES CERTIFICATES. The Preferred Securities Certificates shall be issued in minimum denominations of $25 Liquidation Amount and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof, and the Common Securities Certificates shall be issued in denominations of $25 Liquidation Amount and integral multiples thereof. The Trust Securities Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Trust by manual signature of at least one Administrative Trustee. Trust Securities Certificates bearing the manual signatures of individuals who were, at the time when such signatures shall have been affixed, authorized to sign on behalf of the Trust, shall be validly issued and entitled to the benefits of this Trust Agreement, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them shall have ceased to be so authorized prior to the delivery of such Trust Securities Certificates or did not hold such offices at the date of delivery of such Trust Securities Certificates. A transferee of a Trust Securities Certificate shall become a Securityholder, and shall be entitled to the rights and subject to the obligations of a Securityholder hereunder, upon due registration of such Trust Securities Certificate in such transferee's name pursuant to Sections 5.4, 5.11 and 5.13. Section 5.3 EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF TRUST SECURITIES CERTIFICATES. At the Closing Date, the Administrative Trustees shall cause Trust Securities Certificates, in an aggregate Liquidation Amount as provided in Section 2.4, to be executed on behalf of the Trust and delivered to or upon the written order of the Depositor, signed by its chairman of the board, its president, any executive vice president or any vice president, treasurer or assistant treasurer or controller without further corporate action by the Depositor, in authorized denominations. Section 5.4 REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE OF PREFERRED SECURITIES CERTIFICATES. The Depositor shall keep or cause to be kept, at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 5.8, a register or registers for the purpose of registering Trust Securities Certificates and transfers and exchanges of Preferred Securities Certificates (the "Securities Register") in which, the 22 registrar designated by the Depositor (the "Securities Registrar"), subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, shall provide for the registration of Preferred Securities Certificates and Common Securities Certificates (subject to Section 5.10 in the case of the Common Securities Certificates) and registration of transfers and exchanges of Preferred Securities Certificates as herein provided. The Bank shall be the initial Securities Registrar. Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Preferred Securities Certificate at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 5.8, the Administrative Trustees or any one of them shall execute and deliver, in the name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Preferred Securities Certificates in authorized denominations of a like aggregate Liquidation Amount dated the date of execution by such Administrative Trustee or Trustees. The Securities Registrar shall not be required to register the transfer of any Preferred Securities that have been called for redemption. At the option of a Holder, Preferred Securities Certificates may be exchanged for other Preferred Securities Certificates in authorized denominations of the same class and of a like aggregate Liquidation Amount upon surrender of the Preferred Securities Certificates to be exchanged at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 5.8. Every Preferred Securities Certificate presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to an Administrative Trustee and the Securities Registrar duly executed by the Holder or his attorney duly authorized in writing. Each Preferred Securities Certificate surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange shall be canceled and subsequently disposed of by an Administrative Trustee in accordance with such Person's customary practice. The Trust shall not be required to (i) issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Preferred Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 calendar days before the date of mailing of a notice of redemption of any Preferred Securities called for redemption and ending at the close business on the day of such mailing or (ii) register the transfer of or exchange any Preferred Securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any such Preferred Securities being redeemed in part. No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Preferred Securities Certificates, but the Securities Registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or exchange of Preferred Securities Certificates. Section 5.5 MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN TRUST SECURITIES CERTIFICATES. If (a) any mutilated Trust Securities Certificate shall be surrendered 23 to the Securities Registrar, or if the Securities Registrar shall receive evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Trust Securities Certificate and (b) there shall be delivered to the Securities Registrar and the Administrative Trustees such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, then in the absence of notice that such Trust Securities Certificate shall have been acquired by a bona fide purchaser, the Administrative Trustees, or any one of them, on behalf of the Trust shall execute and make available for delivery, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Trust Securities Certificate, a new Trust Securities Certificate of like class, tenor and denomination. In connection with the issuance of any new Trust Securities Certificate under this Section, the Administrative Trustees or the Securities Registrar may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith. Any duplicate Trust Securities Certificate issued pursuant to this Section shall constitute conclusive evidence of an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the Trust, as if originally issued, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed Trust Securities Certificate shall be found at any time. Section 5.6 PERSONS DEEMED SECURITYHOLDERS. The Trustees or the Securities Registrar shall treat the Person in whose name any Trust Securities Certificate shall be registered in the Securities Register as the owner of such Trust Securities Certificate for the purpose of receiving Distributions and for all other purposes whatsoever, and neither the Trustees nor the Securities Registrar shall be bound by any notice to the contrary. Section 5.7 ACCESS TO LIST OF SECURITYHOLDERS' NAMES AND ADDRESSES. At any time when the Property Trustee is not also acting as the Securities Registrar, the Administrative Trustees or the Depositor shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Property Trustee (a) semi-annually on or before January 1 and July 1 in each year, a list, in such form as the Property Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Securityholders as of the most recent Record Date and (b) promptly after receipt by any Administrative Trustee or the Depositor of a request therefor from the Property Trustee, such other information as the Property Trustee may reasonably require in order to enable the Property Trustee to discharge its obligations under this Trust Agreement, in each case to the extent such information is in the possession or control of the Administrative Trustees or the Depositor and is not identical to a previously supplied list or has not otherwise been received by the Property Trustee in its capacity as Securities Registrar. The rights of Securityholders to communicate with other Security holders with respect to their rights under this Trust Agreement or under the Trust Securities, and the corresponding rights of the Trustee shall be as provided in the Trust Indenture Act. Each Holder, by receiving and holding a Trust Securities Certificate, and each Owner shall be deemed to have agreed not to hold the Depositor, the Property Trustee or the Administrative Trustees accountable by 24 reason of the disclosure of its name and address, regardless of the source from which such information was derived. Section 5.8 MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY. The Administrative Trustees shall maintain an office or offices or agency or agencies where Preferred Securities Certificates may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Trustees in respect of the Trust Securities Certificates may be served. The Administrative Trustees initially designate the principal corporate trust office of the Property Trustee, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administrator, as the principal corporate trust office for such purposes. The Administrative Trustees shall give prompt written notice to the Depositor and to the Securityholders of any change in the location of the Securities Register or any such office or agency. Section 5.9 APPOINTMENT OF PAYING AGENT. The Paying Agent shall make Distributions to Securityholders from the Payment Account and shall report the amounts of such Distributions to the Property Trustee and the Administrative Trustees. Any Paying Agent shall have the revocable power to withdraw funds from the Payment Account for the purpose of making the Distributions referred to above. The Administrative Trustees may revoke such power and remove the Paying Agent if such Trustees determine in their sole discretion that the Paying Agent shall have failed to perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement in any material respect. The Paying Agent shall initially be the Property Trustee, and any co-paying agent chosen by the Property Trustee, and acceptable to the Administrative Trustees and the Depositor. Any Person acting as Paying Agent shall be permitted to resign as Paying Agent upon 30 days' written notice to the Administrative Trustees, the Property Trustee and the Depositor. In the event that the Property Trustee shall no longer be the Paying Agent or a successor Paying Agent shall resign or its authority to act be revoked, the Administrative Trustees shall appoint a successor that is acceptable to the Property Trustee and the Depositor to act as Paying Agent (which shall be a bank or trust company). The Administrative Trustees shall cause such successor Paying Agent or any additional Paying Agent appointed by the Administrative Trustees to execute and deliver to the Trustees an instrument in which such successor Paying Agent or additional Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustees that as Paying Agent, such successor Paying Agent or additional Paying Agent will hold all sums, if any, held by it for payment to the Securityholders in trust for the benefit of the Securityholders entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Securityholders. The Paying Agent shall return all unclaimed funds to the Property Trustee and upon removal of a Paying Agent such Paying Agent shall also return all funds in its possession to the Property Trustee. The provisions of Sections 8.1, 8.3 and 8.6 herein shall apply to the Bank also in its role as Paying Agent, for so long as the Bank shall act as Paying Agent and, to the extent applicable, to any other paying agent appointed hereunder. Any reference in this 25 Agreement to the Paying Agent shall include any co-paying agent unless the context requires otherwise. Section 5.10 OWNERSHIP OF COMMON SECURITIES BY DEPOSITOR. At the Closing Date, the Depositor shall acquire and retain beneficial and record ownership of the Common Securities. To the fullest extent permitted by law, other than a transfer in connection with a consolidation or merger of the Depositor into another Person, or any conveyance, transfer or lease by the Depositor of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, pursuant to Section 8.1 of the Indenture, any attempted transfer of the Common Securities shall be void. The Administrative Trustees shall cause each Common Securities Certificate issued to the Depositor to contain a legend stating "THIS CERTIFICATE IS NOT TRANSFERABLE EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 5.10 OF THE TRUST AGREEMENT." Section 5.11 BOOK ENTRY PREFERRED SECURITIES CERTIFICATES; COMMON SECURITIES CERTIFICATE. (a) The Preferred Securities Certificates, upon original issuance, will be issued in the form of a typewritten Preferred Securities Certificate or Certificates representing Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates, to be delivered to The Depository Trust Company, the initial Clearing Agency, by, or on behalf of, the Trust. Such Preferred Securities Certificate or Certificates shall initially be registered on the Securities Register in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of the initial Clearing Agency, and no Owner will receive a Definitive Preferred Securities Certificate representing such Owner's interest in such Preferred Securities, except as provided in Section 5.13. Unless and until Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates have been issued to Owners pursuant to Section 5.13: (i) the provisions of this Section 5.11(a) shall be in full force and effect; (ii) the Securities Registrar, the Paying Agent and the Trustees shall be entitled to deal with the Clearing Agency for all purposes of this Trust Agreement relating to the Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates (including the payment of the Liquidation Amount of and Distributions on the Preferred Securities evidenced by Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates) the Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates and shall have no obligations to the Owners thereof; (iii) to the extent that the provisions of this Section 5.11 conflict with any other provisions of this Trust Agreement, the provisions of this Section 5.11 shall control; and 26 (iv) the rights of the Owners of the Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates shall be exercised only through the Clearing Agency and shall be limited to those established by law and agreements between such Owners and the Clearing Agency and/or the Clearing Agency Participants. Pursuant to the Certificate Depository Agreement, unless and until Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates are issued pursuant to Section 5.13, the initial Clearing Agency will make book-entry transfers among the Clearing Agency Participants and receive and transmit payments on the Preferred Securities to such Clearing Agency Participants. Any Clearing Agency designated pursuant here to will not be deemed an agent of the Trustee for any purpose. (b) A single Common Securities Certificate representing the Common Securities shall be issued to the Depositor in the form of a definitive Common Securities Certificate. Section 5.12 NOTICES TO CLEARING AGENCY. To the extent that a notice or other communication to the Owners is required under this Trust Agreement, unless and until Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates shall have been issued to Owners pursuant to Section 5.13, the Trustees shall give all such notices and communications specified herein to be given to Owners to the Clearing Agency and shall have no obligations to the Owners. Section 5.13 DEFINITIVE PREFERRED SECURITIES CERTIFICATES. If (a) the Depositor advises the Trustees in writing that the Clearing Agency is no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities with respect to the Preferred Securities Certificates, and the Depositor is unable to locate a qualified successor, (b) the Depositor at its option advises the Trustees in writing that it elects to terminate the book-entry system through the Clearing Agency or (c) after the occurrence of a Debenture Event of Default, Owners of Preferred Securities Certificates representing beneficial interests aggregating at least a majority of the Liquidation Amount advise the Property Trustee in writing that the continuation of a book-entry system through the Clearing Agency is no longer in the best interest of the Owners of Preferred Securities Certificates, then the Property Trustee shall notify the Clearing Agency and the Clearing Agency shall notify all Owners of Preferred Securities Certificates and the other Trustees of the occurrence of any such event and of the availability of the Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates to Owners of such class or classes, as applicable, requesting the same. Upon surrender to the Property Trustee of the typewritten Preferred Securities Certificate or Certificates representing the Book Entry Preferred Securities Certificates by the Clearing Agency, accompanied by registration instructions, the Administrative Trustees, or any one of them, shall execute the Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates in accordance with the instructions of the Clearing Agency. Neither the Securities Registrar nor the Trustees shall be liable for any delay in delivery of such instructions and may 27 conclusively rely on, and shall be protected in relying on, such instructions. Upon the issuance of Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates, the Trustees shall recognize the Holders of the Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates as Securityholders. The Definitive Preferred Securities Certificates shall be printed, lithographed or engraved or may be produced in any other manner as is reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Trustees, as evidenced by the execution thereof by the Administrative Trustees or any one of them. Section 5.14 RIGHTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS. (a) The legal title to the Trust Property is vested exclusively in the Property Trustee (in its capacity as such) in accordance with Section 2.9, and the Securityholders shall not have any right or title therein other than the undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the Trust conferred by their Trust Securities and they shall have no right to call for any partition or division of property, profits or rights of the Trust except as described below. The Trust Securities shall be personal property giving only the rights specifically set forth therein and in this Trust Agreement. The Trust Securities shall have no preemptive or similar rights and when issued and delivered to Securityholders against payment of the purchase price therefor will be fully paid and nonassessable by the Trust. The Holders of the Trust Securities, in their capacities as such, shall be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. (b) For so long as any Preferred Securities remain Outstanding, if, upon a Debenture Event of Default, the Debenture Trustee fails or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Debentures fail to declare the principal of all of the Debentures to be immediately due and payable, the Holders of at least 25% in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities then Outstanding shall have such right by a notice in writing to the Depositor and the Debenture Trustee; and upon any such declaration such principal amount of and the accrued interest on all of the Debentures shall become immediately due and payable, provided that the payment of principal and interest on such Debentures shall remain subordinated to the extent provided in the Indenture. At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to the Debentures has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Debenture Trustee as in the Indenture provided, the Holders of a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities, by written notice to the Property Trustee, the Depositor and the Debenture Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: 28 (i) the Depositor has paid or deposited with the Debenture Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (A) all overdue installments of interest (including any Additional Interest (as defined in the Indenture)) on all of the Debentures, (B) the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Debentures which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate borne by the Debentures, and (C) all sums paid or advanced by the Debenture Trustee under the Indenture and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Debenture Trustee and the Property Trustee, their agents and counsel; and (ii) all Events of Default with respect to the Debentures, other than the non-payment of the principal of the Debentures which has become due solely by such acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 5.13 of the Indenture. The Holders of a majority in aggregate Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities may, on behalf of the Holders of all the Preferred Securities, waive any past default under the Indenture, except a default in the payment of principal or interest (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal due otherwise than by acceleration has been deposited with the Debenture Trustee) or a default in respect of a covenant or provision which under the Indenture cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding Debenture. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. Upon receipt by the Property Trustee of written notice declaring such an acceleration, or rescission and annulment thereof, by Holders of the Preferred Securities all or part of which is represented by Book-Entry Preferred Securities Certificates, a record date shall be established for determining Holders of Outstanding Preferred Securities entitled to join in such notice, which record date shall be at the close of business on the day the Property Trustee receives such notice. The Holders on such record date, or their duly designated proxies, and only such Persons, shall be entitled to join in such notice, whether or not such Holders remain Holders after such record date; provided, that, unless such declaration of acceleration, or rescission and annulment, as the case may be, shall have become effective by virtue of the requisite percentage having joined in such notice prior to the day which is 90 days after such record date, such notice of declaration of acceleration, or rescission and annulment, as the case may be, shall 29 automatically and without further action by any Holder be canceled and of no further effect. Nothing in this paragraph shall prevent a Holder, or a proxy of a Holder, from giving, after expiration of such 90-day period, a new written notice of declaration of acceleration, or rescission and annulment thereof, as the case may be, that is identical to a written notice which has been canceled pursuant to the proviso to the preceding sentence, in which event a new record date shall be established pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5.14(b). (c) For so long as any Preferred Securities remain Outstanding, to the fullest extent permitted by law and subject to the terms of this Trust Agreement and the Indenture, upon a Debenture Event of Default specified in Section 5.1(1) or 5.1(2) of the Indenture, any Holder of Preferred Securities shall have the right to institute a proceeding directly against the Depositor, pursuant to Section 5.8 of the Indenture, for enforcement of payment to such Holder of the principal amount of or interest on Debentures having a principal amount equal to the Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities of such Holder (a "Direct Action"). Except as set forth in Section 5.14(b) and this Section 5.14(c), the Holders of Preferred Securities shall have no right to exercise directly any right or remedy available to the holders of, or in respect of, the Debentures. ARTICLE VI. ACTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS; MEETINGS; VOTING Section 6.1 LIMITATIONS ON VOTING RIGHTS. (a) Except as provided in this Section, in Sections 5.14, 8.10 and 10.2 and in the Indenture and as otherwise required by law, no Holder of Preferred Securities shall have any right to vote or in any manner otherwise control the administration, operation and management of the Trust or the obligations of the parties hereto, nor shall anything herein set forth, or contained in the terms of the Trust Securities Certificates, be construed so as to constitute the Securityholders from time to time as partners or members of an association. (b) So long as any Debentures are held by the Property Trustee, the Trustees shall not (i) direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Debenture Trustee, or executing any trust or power conferred on the Debenture Trustee with respect to such Debentures, (ii) waive any past default which is waivable under Section 5.13 of the Indenture, (iii) exercise any right to rescind or annul a declaration that the principal of all the Debentures shall be due and payable or (iv) consent to any amendment, modification or termination of the Indenture or the Debentures, where such consent shall be required, without, in each case, obtaining the prior approval of the Holders of at least a majority in Liquidation Amount of all Outstanding Preferred Securities; provided, however, that where a consent under the Indenture would require the consent of each Holder of Debentures affected 30 thereby, no such consent shall be given by the Property Trustee without the prior written consent of each Holder of Preferred Securities. The Trustees shall not revoke any action previously authorized or approved by a vote of the Holders of Preferred Securities, except by a subsequent vote of the Holders of Preferred Securities. The Property Trustee shall notify all Holders of the Preferred Securities of any notice of default received from the Debenture Trustee with respect to the Debentures. In addition to obtaining the foregoing approvals of the Holders of the Preferred Securities, prior to taking any of the foregoing actions, the Trustees shall, at the expense of the Depositor, obtain an Opinion of Counsel experienced in such matters to the effect that such action shall not cause the Trust to fail to be classified as a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes. (c) If any proposed amendment to the Trust Agreement provides for, or the Trustees otherwise propose to effect, (i) any action that would adversely affect in any material respect the powers, preferences or special rights of the Preferred Securities, whether by way of amendment to the Trust Agreement or otherwise, or (ii) the dissolution, winding-up or termination of the Trust, other than pursuant to the terms of this Trust Agreement, then the Holders of Outstanding Preferred Securities as a class will be entitled to vote on such amendment or proposal and such amendment or proposal shall not be effective except with the approval of the Holders of at least a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Outstanding Preferred Securities. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Trust Agreement, no amendment to this Trust Agreement may be made if, as a result of such amendment, it would cause the Trust to fail to be classified as a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes. Section 6.2 NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Notice of all meetings of the Preferred Securityholders, stating the time, place and purpose of the meeting, shall be given by the Property Trustee pursuant to Section 10.8 to each Preferred Securityholder of record, at his registered address, at least 15 days and not more than 90 days before the meeting. At any such meeting, any business properly before the meeting may be so considered whether or not stated in the notice of the meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice. Section 6.3 MEETINGS OF PREFERRED SECURITYHOLDERS. No annual meeting of Securityholders is required to be held. The Administrative Trustees, however, shall call a meeting of Preferred Securityholders to vote on any matter upon the written request of Holders of record of 25% of the Outstanding Preferred Securities (based upon their Liquidation Amount) and the Administrative Trustees or the Property Trustee may, at any time in their discretion, call a meeting of Preferred Securityholders to vote on any matters as to which Preferred Securityholders are entitled to vote. 31 Holders of record of 50% of the Outstanding Preferred Securities (based upon their Liquidation Amount), present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of Securityholders. If a quorum is present at a meeting, an affirmative vote by the Preferred Securityholders of record present, in person or by proxy, holding more than a majority of the Preferred Securities (based upon their Liquidation Amount) held by the Preferred Securityholders of record present, either in person or by proxy, at such meeting shall constitute the action of the Preferred Securityholders, unless this Trust Agreement requires a greater number of affirmative votes. Section 6.4 VOTING RIGHTS. Securityholders shall be entitled to one vote for each $25 of Liquidation Amount represented by their Trust Securities in respect of any matter as to which such Securityholders are entitled to vote. Section 6.5 PROXIES, ETC. At any meeting of Securityholders, any Securityholder entitled to vote thereat may vote by proxy, provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it shall have been placed on file with the Administrative Trustees, or with such other officer or agent of the Trust as the Administrative Trustees may direct, for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be taken. Pursuant to a resolution of the Property Trustee, proxies may be solicited in the name of the Property Trustee or one or more officers of the Property Trustee. Only Securityholders of record shall be entitled to vote. When Trust Securities are held jointly by several persons, any one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in respect of such Trust Securities, but if more than one of them shall be present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be cast, such vote shall not be received in respect of such Trust Securities. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Securityholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. No proxy shall be valid more than three years after its date of execution. Section 6.6 SECURITYHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT. Any action which may be taken by Securityholders at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if Securityholders holding a majority of all Outstanding Trust Securities (based upon their aggregate Liquidation Amount) entitled to vote in respect of such action (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of this Trust Agreement) shall consent to the action in writing (based upon their aggregate Liquidation Amount). Section 6.7 RECORD DATE FOR VOTING AND OTHER PURPOSES For the purposes of determining the Securityholders who are entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting or by written consent, or to participate in any Distribution on the Trust Securities in respect of which a record date is not otherwise provided 32 for in this Trust Agreement, or for the purpose of any other action, the Administrative Trustees may from time to time fix a date, not more than 90 days prior to the date of any meeting of Securityholders or the payment of a Distribution or other action, as the case may be, as a record date for the determination of the identity of the Securityholders of record for such purposes. Section 6.8 ACTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Trust Agreement to be given, made or taken by Securityholders or Owners may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of substantially similar tenor signed by such Securityholders or Owners in person or by an agent duly appointed in writing; and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered to an Administrative Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the "Act" of the Securityholders or Owners signing such instrument or instruments. Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Trust Agreement and (subject to Section 8.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustees, if made in the manner provided in this Section. The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument or writing acknowledged to him the execution thereof. Where such execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his individual capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof of his authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may also be proved in any other manner which any Trustee receiving the same deems sufficient. The ownership of Preferred Securities shall be proved by the Securities Register. Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act of the Securityholder of any Trust Security shall bind every future Securityholder of the same Trust Security and the Securityholder of every Trust Security issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustees or the Trust in reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such Trust Security. Without limiting the foregoing, a Securityholder entitled hereunder to take any action hereunder with regard to any particular Trust Security may do so with 33 regard to all or any part of the Liquidation Amount of such Trust Security or by one or more duly appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with regard to all or any part of such liquidation amount. If any dispute shall arise between the Securityholders and the Administrative Trustees or among such Securityholders or Trustees with respect to the authenticity, validity or binding nature of any request, demand, authorization, direction, consent, waiver or other Act of such Securityholder or Trustee under this Article VI, then the determination of such matter by the Property Trustee shall be conclusive with respect to such matter. Section 6.9 INSPECTION OF RECORDS. Upon reasonable notice to the Administrative Trustees and the Property Trustee, the records of the Trust shall be open to inspection by Securityholders during normal business hours for any purpose reasonably related to such Securityholder's interest as a Securityholder. ARTICLE VII. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES Section 7.1 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PROPERTY TRUSTEE AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE. The Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee, each severally on behalf of and as to itself, hereby represents and warrants for the benefit of the Depositor and the Securityholders that: (a) the Property Trustee is a Delaware banking corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware; (b) the Property Trustee has full corporate power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement and has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Trust Agreement; (c) the Delaware Trustee is a Delaware banking corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing in the State of Delaware; (d) the Delaware Trustee has full corporate power, authority and legal right to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Trust Agreement and has taken all necessary action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance by it of this Trust Agreement; (e) this Trust Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee and constitutes the valid and legally binding agreement of each of the Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee enforceable against each of them in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, 34 moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights and to general equity principles; (f) the execution, delivery and performance of this Trust Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other action on the part of the Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee and does not require any approval of stockholders of the Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee and such execution, delivery and performance will not (i) violate the Charter or By-laws of the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, (ii) violate any provision of, or constitute, with or without notice or lapse of time, a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of, any Lien on any properties included in the Trust Property pursuant to the provisions of, any indenture, mortgage, credit agreement, license or other agreement or instrument to which the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee is a party or by which it is bound, or (iii) violate any law, governmental rule or regulation of the United States or the State of Delaware, as the case may be, governing the banking, trust or general powers of the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee (as appropriate in context) or any order, judgment or decree applicable to the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee; (g) neither the authorization, execution or delivery by the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee of this Trust Agreement nor the consummation of any of the transactions by the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee (as appropriate in context) contemplated herein or therein requires the consent or approval of, the giving of notice to, the registration with or the taking of any other action with respect to any governmental authority or agency under any existing Federal law governing the banking, trust or general powers of the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, as the case may be, under the laws of the United States or the State of Delaware; and (h) there are no proceedings pending or, to the best of each of the Property Trustee's and the Delaware Trustee's knowledge, threatened against or affecting the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee in any court or before any governmental authority, agency or arbitration board or tribunal which, individually or in the aggregate, would materially and adversely affect the Trust or would question the right, power and authority of the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, as the case may be, to enter into or perform its obligations as one of the Trustees under this Trust Agreement. Section 7.2 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF DEPOSITOR. The Depositor hereby represents and warrants for the benefit of the Securityholders that: (a) the Trust Securities Certificates issued at the Closing Date on behalf of the Trust have been duly authorized and will have been, duly and 35 validly executed, issued and delivered by the Trustees pursuant to the terms and provisions of, and in accordance with the requirements of, this Trust Agreement and the Securityholders will be, as of each such date, entitled to the benefits of this Trust Agreement; and (b) there are no taxes, fees or other governmental charges payable by the Trust (or the Trustees on behalf of the Trust) under the laws of the State of Delaware or any political subdivision thereof in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Bank, the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, as the case may be, of this Trust Agreement. ARTICLE VIII. THE TRUSTEES Section 8.1 CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES. (a) The duties and responsibilities of the Trustees shall be as provided by this Trust Agreement and, in the case of the Property Trustee, by the Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this Trust Agreement shall require the Trustees to expend or risk their own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of their duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of their rights or powers, if they shall have reasonable grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Trust Agreement relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustees shall be subject to the provisions of this Section. Nothing in this Trust Agreement shall be construed to release a Trustee from liability for its own gross negligent action, its own gross negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct. To the extent that, at law or in equity, a Trustee has duties (including fiduciary duties) and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust or to the Securityholders, such Trustee shall not be liable to the Trust or to any Securityholder for such Trustee's good faith reliance on the provisions of this Trust Agreement. The provisions of this Trust Agreement, to the extent that they restrict the duties and liabilities of the Trustees otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Depositor and the Securityholders to replace such other duties and liabilities of the Trustees. (b) All payments made by the Property Trustee or a Paying Agent in respect of the Trust Securities shall be made only from the revenue and proceeds from the Trust Property and only to the extent that there shall be sufficient revenue or proceeds from the Trust Property to enable the Property Trustee or a Paying Agent to make payments in accordance with the terms hereof. Each Securityholder, by its acceptance of a Trust Security, agrees that it will look solely to the revenue and proceeds from the Trust Property to the extent legally 36 available for distribution to it as herein provided and that the Trustees are not personally liable to it for any amount distributable in respect of any Trust Security or for any other liability in respect of any Trust Security. This Section 8.1(b) does not limit the liability of the Trustees expressly set forth elsewhere in this Trust Agreement or, in the case of the Property Trustee, in the Trust Indenture Act. (c) No provision of this Trust Agreement shall be construed to relieve the Property Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: (i) the Property Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by an authorized officer of the Property Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Property Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; (ii) the Property Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of not less than a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Property Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Property Trustee under this Trust Agreement; (iii) the Property Trustee's sole duty with respect to the custody, safe keeping and physical preservation of the Debentures and the Payment Account shall be to deal with such Property in a similar manner as the Property Trustee deals with similar property for its own account, subject to the protections and limitations on liability afforded to the Property Trustee under this Trust Agreement and the Trust Indenture Act; (iv) the Property Trustee shall not be liable for any interest on any money received by it except as it may otherwise agree with the Depositor; and money held by the Property Trustee need not be segregated from other funds held by it except in relation to the Payment Account maintained by the Property Trustee pursuant to Section 3.1 and except to the extent otherwise required by law; and (v) the Property Trustee shall not be responsible for monitoring the compliance by the Administrative Trustees or the Depositor with their respective duties under this Trust Agreement, nor shall the Property Trustee be liable for the default or misconduct of the Administrative Trustees or the Depositor. Section 8.2 CERTAIN NOTICES. 37 (a) Within five Business Days after the occurrence of any Event of Default actually known to the Property Trustee, the Property Trustee shall transmit, in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 10.8, notice of such Event of Default to the Securityholders, the Administrative Trustees and the Depositor, unless the Event of Default shall have been cured or waived. For purposes of this Section the term "Event of Default" means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, and Event of Default. (b) The Administrative Trustees shall transmit, to the Securityholders in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 10.8, notice of the Depositor's election to begin or further extend an Extension Period on the Debentures (unless such election shall have been revoked) within the time specified for transmitting such notice to the holders of the Debentures pursuant to the Indenture as originally executed. Section 8.3 CERTAIN RIGHTS OF PROPERTY TRUSTEE. Subject to the provisions of Section 8.1: (a) the Property Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting in good faith upon any resolution, Opinion of Counsel, certificate, written representation of a Holder or transferee, certificate of auditors or any other certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, appraisal, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties; (b) if (i) in performing its duties under this Trust Agreement the Property Trustee is required to decide between alternative courses of action or (ii) in construing any of the provisions of this Trust Agreement the Property Trustee finds the same ambiguous or inconsistent with any other provisions contained herein or (iii) the Property Trustee is unsure of the application of any provision of this Trust Agreement, then, except as to any matter as to which the Preferred Securityholders are entitled to vote under the terms of this Trust Agreement, the Property Trustee shall deliver a notice to the Depositor requesting written instructions of the Depositor as to the course of action to be taken and the Property Trustee shall take such action, or refrain from taking such action, as the Property Trustee shall be instructed in writing to take, or to refrain from taking, by the Depositor; provided, however, that if the Property Trustee does not receive such instructions of the Depositor within ten Business Days after it has delivered such notice, or such reasonably shorter period of time set forth in such notice (which to the extent practicable shall not be less than two Business Days), it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain from taking such action not inconsistent with this Trust Agreement as it shall deem advisable and in the best interests of the Securityholders, in which event the Property Trustee shall have no liability except for its own bad faith, negligence or willful misconduct; 38 (c) any direction or act of the Depositor or the Administrative Trustees contemplated by this Trust Agreement shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers' Certificate; (d) whenever in the administration of this Trust Agreement, the Property Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be established before undertaking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the Property Trustee (unless other evidence is herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, request and rely upon an Officers' Certificate which, upon receipt of such request, shall be promptly delivered by the Depositor or the Administrative Trustees; (e) the Property Trustee shall have no duty to see to any recording, filing or registration of any instrument (including any financing or continuation statement or any filing under tax or securities laws) or any rerecording, refiling or registration thereof; (f) the Property Trustee may consult with counsel (which counsel may be counsel to the Depositor or any of its Affiliates, and may include any of its employees) and the advice of such counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon and in accordance with such advice, such counsel may be counsel to the Depositor or any of its Affiliates, and may include any of its employees; the Property Trustee shall have the right at any time to seek instructions concerning the administration of this Trust Agreement from any court of competent jurisdiction; (g) the Property Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Trust Agreement at the request or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to this Trust Agreement, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Property Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction; (h) the Property Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, unless requested in writing to do so by one or more Securityholders, but the Property Trustee may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit; (i) the Property Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through its agents or attorneys, provided that the Property Trustee shall be responsible for its 39 own negligence or recklessness with respect to selection of any agent or attorney appointed by it hereunder; (j) whenever in the administration of this Trust Agreement the Property Trustee shall deem it desirable to receive instructions with respect to enforcing any remedy or right or taking any other action hereunder the Property Trustee (i) may request instructions from the Holders of the Trust Securities which instructions may only be given by the Holders of the same proportion in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Securities as would be entitled to direct the Property Trustee under the terms of the Trust Securities in respect of such remedy, right or action, (ii) may refrain from enforcing such remedy or right or taking such other action until such instructions are received, and (iii) shall be protected in acting in accordance with such instructions; and (k) except as otherwise expressly provided by this Trust Agreement, the Property Trustee shall not be under any obligation to take any action that is discretionary under the provisions of this Trust Agreement. No provision of this Trust Agreement shall be deemed to impose any duty or obligation on the Property Trustee to perform any act or acts or exercise any right, power, duty or obligation conferred or imposed on it, in any jurisdiction in which it shall be illegal, or in which the Property Trustee shall be unqualified or incompetent in accordance with applicable law, to perform any such act or acts, or to exercise any such right, power, duty or obligation. No permissive power or authority available to the Property Trustee shall be construed to be a duty. Section 8.4 NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES. The recitals contained herein and in the Trust Securities Certificates shall be taken as the statements of the Trust, and the Trustees do not assume any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustees shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Depositor of the proceeds of the Debentures. Section 8.5 MAY HOLD SECURITIES. Any Trustee or any other agent of any Trustee or the Trust, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Trust Securities and, except as provided in the definition of the term "Outstanding" in Article I, subject to Sections 8.8 and 8.13, may otherwise deal with the Trust with the same rights it would have if it were not a Trustee or such other agent. Section 8.6 COMPENSATION; INDEMNITY; FEES. The Depositor agrees: (a) to pay to the Trustees from time to time reasonable compensation for all services rendered by them hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as specified in a separate agreement between any of the Trustees and the Depositor; 40 (b) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustees upon request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustees in accordance with any provision of this Trust Agreement (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be attributable to its negligence, bad faith or willfulness; and (c) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to indemnify and hold harmless (i) each Trustee, (ii) any Affiliate of any Trustee, (iii) any officer, director, shareholder, employee, representative or agent of any Trustee, and (iv) any employee or agent of the Trust or its Affiliates, (referred to herein as an "Indemnified Person") from and against any loss, damage, liability, tax, penalty, expense or claim of any kind or nature whatsoever incurred by such Indemnified Person by reason of the creation, operation or termination of the Trust or any act or omission performed or omitted by such Indemnified Person in good faith on behalf of the Trust and in a manner such Indemnified Person reasonably believed to be within the scope of authority conferred on such Indemnified Person by this Trust Agreement, except that no Indemnified Person shall be entitled to be indemnified in respect of any loss, damage or claim incurred by such Indemnified Person by reason of negligence, bad faith or willful misconduct with respect to such acts or omissions. The provisions of this Section 8.6 shall survive the termination of this Trust Agreement. No Trustee may claim any lien or charge on any Trust Property as a result of any amount due pursuant to this Section 8.6. The Depositor and any Trustee may engage in or possess an interest in other business ventures of any nature or description, independently or with others, similar or dissimilar to the business of the Trust, and the Trust and the Holders of Trust Securities shall have no rights by virtue of this Trust Agreement in and to such independent ventures or the income or profits derived therefrom, and the pursuit of any such venture, even if competitive with the business of the Trust, shall not be deemed wrongful or improper. Neither the Depositor, nor any Trustee, shall be obligated to present any particular investment or other opportunity to the Trust even if such opportunity is of a character that, if presented to the Trust, could be taken by the Trust, and the Depositor or any Trustee shall have the right to take for its own account (individually or as a partner or fiduciary) or to recommend to others any such particular investment or other opportunity. Any Trustee may engage or be interested in any financial or other transaction with the Depositor or any Affiliate of the Depositor, or may act as depository for, trustee or agent for, or act on any committee or body of holders of, securities or other obligations of the Depositor or its Affiliates. 41 Section 8.7 CORPORATE PROPERTY TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY OF TRUSTEES. (a) There shall at all times be a Property Trustee hereunder with respect to the Trust Securities. The Property Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Property Trustee with respect to the Trust Securities shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article. (b) There shall at all times be one or more Administrative Trustees hereunder with respect to the Trust Securities. Each Administrative Trustee shall be either a natural person who is at least 21 years of age or a legal entity that shall act through one or more persons authorized to bind that entity. (c) There shall at all times be a Delaware Trustee with respect to the Trust Securities. The Delaware Trustee shall either be (i) a natural person who is at least 21 years of age and a resident of the State of Delaware or (ii) a legal entity with its principal place of business in the State of Delaware and that otherwise meets the requirements of applicable Delaware law that shall act through one or more persons authorized to bind such entity. Section 8.8 CONFLICTING INTERESTS. If the Property Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Property Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Trust Agreement. Section 8.9 CO-TRUSTEES AND SEPARATE TRUSTEE. Unless an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, at any time or times, for the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of the Trust Indenture Act or of any jurisdiction in which any part of the Trust Property may at the time be located, the Depositor and the Administrative Trustees, by agreed action of the majority of such Trustees, shall have power to appoint, and upon the written request of the Administrative Trustees, the Depositor shall for such purpose join with the Administrative Trustees in the execution, delivery, and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to appoint, one or more Persons approved by the Property Trustee either to act as co- trustee, jointly with the Property Trustee, of all or any part of such Trust Property, or to the extent required by law to act as separate trustee of any such property, in either case with 42 such powers as may be provided in the instrument of appointment, and to vest in such Person or Persons in the capacity aforesaid, any property, title, right or power deemed necessary or desirable, subject to the other provisions of this Section. If the Depositor does not join in such appointment within 15 days after the receipt by it of a request so to do, or in case a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property Trustee alone shall have power to make such appointment. Any co- trustee or separate trustee appointed pursuant to this Section shall either be (i) a natural person who is at least 21 years of age and a resident of the United States or (ii) a legal entity with its principal place of business in the United States that shall act through one or more persons authorized to bind such entity. Should any written instrument from the Depositor be required by any co- trustee or separate trustee so appointed for more fully confirming to such co- trustee or separate trustee such property, title, right, or power, any and all such instruments shall, on request, be executed, acknowledged and delivered by the Depositor. Every co-trustee or separate trustee shall, to the extent permitted by law, but to such extent only, be appointed subject to the following terms, namely: (a) The Trust Securities shall be executed and delivered and all rights, powers, duties, and obligations hereunder in respect of the custody of securities, cash and other personal property held by, or required to be deposited or pledged with, the Trustees specified hereunder shall be exercised solely by such Trustees and not by such co-trustee or separate trustee. (b) The rights, powers, duties, and obligations hereby conferred or imposed upon the Property Trustee in respect of any property covered by such appointment shall be conferred or imposed upon and exercised or performed by the Property Trustee or by the Property Trustee and such co-trustee or separate trustee jointly, as shall be provided in the instrument appointing such co-trustee or separate trustee, except to the extent that under any law of any jurisdiction in which any particular act is to be performed, the Property Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act, in which event such rights, powers, duties and obligations shall be exercised and performed by such co-trustee or separate trustee. (c) The Property Trustee at any time, by an instrument in writing executed by it, with the written concurrence of the Depositor, may accept the resignation of or remove any co-trustee or separate trustee appointed under this Section, and, in case a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Property Trustee shall have power to accept the resignation of, or remove, any such co-trustee or separate trustee without the concurrence of the Depositor. Upon the written request of the Property Trustee, the Depositor shall 43 join with the Property Trustee in the execution, delivery and performance of all instruments and agreements necessary or proper to effectuate such resignation or removal. A successor to any co-trustee or separate trustee so resigned or removed may be appointed in the manner provided in this Section. (d) No co-trustee or separate trustee hereunder shall be personally liable by reason of any act or omission of the Property Trustee or any other trustee hereunder. (e) The Property Trustee shall not be liable by reason of any act of a co- trustee or separate trustee. (f) Any Act of Holders delivered to the Property Trustee shall be deemed to have been delivered to each such co-trustee and separate trustee. Section 8.10 RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR. No resignation or removal of any Trustee (the "Relevant Trustee") and no appointment of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 8.11. Subject to the immediately preceding paragraph, the Relevant Trustee may resign at any time by giving written notice thereof to the Securityholders. If the instrument of acceptance by the successor Trustee required by Section 8.11 shall not have been delivered to the Relevant Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation, the Relevant Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Trust, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Relevant Trustee. Unless a Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, any Trustee may be removed at any time by Act of the Common Securityholder. If a Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, or both of them, may be removed at such time by Act of the Holders of a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities, delivered to the Relevant Trustee (in its individual capacity and on behalf of the Trust). In no event will the Holders of the Preferred Securities have the right to vote to appoint, remove or replace the Administrative Trustee. An Administrative Trustee may be removed by the Common Securityholder at any time. If any Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting as Trustee, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of any Trustee for any cause, at a time when no Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Common Securityholder, by Act of the Common Securityholder delivered to the retiring Trustee, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees, and the retiring Trustee shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 44 8.11. If the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of continuing to act as the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, as the case may be, at a time when a Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Preferred Securityholders, by Act of the Securityholders of a majority in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities then Outstanding delivered to the retiring Relevant Trustee, shall promptly appoint a successor Relevant Trustee or Trustees, and such successor Trustee shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 8.11. If an Administrative Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting as Administrative Trustee, at a time when a Debenture Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Common Securityholder by Act of the Common Securityholder delivered to the Administrative Trustee shall promptly appoint a successor Administrative Trustee or Administrative Trustees and such successor Administrative Trustee or Trustees shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section 8.11. If no successor Relevant Trustee shall have been so appointed by the Common Securityholder or the Preferred Securityholders and accepted appointment in the manner required by Section 8.11, any Securityholder who has been a Securityholder of Trust Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Relevant Trustee. The Property Trustee shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of a Trustee and each appointment of a successor Trustee to all Securityholders in the manner provided in Section 10.8 and shall give notice to the Depositor. Each notice shall include the name of the successor Relevant Trustee and the address of its Corporate Trust Office if it is the Property Trustee. Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Trust Agreement, in the event any Administrative Trustee or a Delaware Trustee who is a natural person dies or becomes, in the opinion of the Depositor, incompetent or incapacitated, the vacancy created by such death, incompetence or incapacity may be filled by (a) the unanimous act of the remaining Administrative Trustees if there are at least two of them or (b) otherwise by the Depositor (with the successor in each case being a Person who satisfies the eligibility requirement for Administrative Trustees or Delaware Trustee, as the case may be, set forth in Section 8.7). Section 8.11 ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR. In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Trust and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Depositor or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and if the Property Trustee is the resigning Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to the successor Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Property Trustee hereunder. In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Relevant Trustee, the retiring Relevant Trustee and each successor Relevant Trustee with respect to the Trust Securities shall execute and deliver an amendment hereto wherein each successor Relevant Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (a) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor Relevant Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Relevant Trustee with respect to the Trust Securities and the Trust and (b) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Trust Agreement as 45 shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the Trust by more than one Relevant Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such amendment shall constitute such Relevant Trustees co-trustees and upon the execution and delivery of such amendment the resignation or removal of the retiring Relevant Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein and each such successor Relevant Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Relevant Trustee; but, on request of the Trust or any successor Relevant Trustee such retiring Relevant Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Relevant Trustee all Trust Property, all proceeds thereof and money held by such retiring Relevant Trustee hereunder with respect to the Trust Securities and the Trust. Upon request of any such successor Relevant Trustee, the Trust shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor Relevant Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or second preceding paragraph, as the case may be. No successor Relevant Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Relevant Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article. Section 8.12 MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSIONS TO BUSINESS. Any Person into which the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Relevant Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business of such Relevant Trustee, shall be the successor of such Relevant Trustee hereunder, provided such corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. Section 8.13 PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST DEPOSITOR OR TRUST. In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other similar judicial proceeding relative to the Trust or any other obligor upon the Trust Securities or the property of the Trust or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Property Trustee (irrespective of whether any Distributions on the Trust Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Property Trustee shall have made any demand on the Trust for the payment of any past due Distributions) shall be entitled and empowered, to the fullest extent permitted by law, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise: 46 (a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of any Distributions owing and unpaid in respect of the Trust Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Property Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Property Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and (b) to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Property Trustee and, in the event the Property Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Property Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Property Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Property Trustee. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Property Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement adjustment or compensation affecting the Trust Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Property Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. Section 8.14 REPORTS BY PROPERTY TRUSTEE. (a) Not later than July 15 of each year commencing with July 15, 1998, the Property Trustee shall transmit to all Securityholders in accordance with Section 10.8, and to the Depositor, a brief report dated as of the immediately preceding December 31 with respect to: (i) its eligibility under Section 8.7 or, in lieu thereof, if to the best of its knowledge it has continued to be eligible under said Section, a written statement to such effect; (ii) a statement that the Property Trustee has complied with all of its obligations under this Trust Agreement during the twelve-month period (or, in the case of the initial report, the period since the Closing Date) ending with such December 31 or, if the Property Trustee has not complied in any material respect with such obligations, a description of such noncompliance; and (iii) any change in the property and funds in its possession as Property Trustee since the date of its last report and any action taken by the Property Trustee in the performance of its duties hereunder which it has not previously reported and which in its opinion materially affects the Trust Securities. 47 (b) In addition the Property Trustee shall transmit to Securityholders such reports concerning the Property Trustee and its actions under this Trust Agreement as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto. (c) A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Property Trustee with each national stock exchange, the OTC Bulletin Board or such other interdealer quotation system or self- regulatory organization upon which the Preferred Securities are listed or traded, with the Commission and with the Depositor. Section 8.15 REPORTS TO THE PROPERTY TRUSTEE. The Depositor and the Administrative Trustees on behalf of the Trust shall provide to the Property Trustee such documents, reports and information as required by Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act (if any) and the compliance certificate required by Section 314(a) of the Trust Indenture Act in the form, in the manner and at the times required by Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act. Section 8.16 EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH CONDITIONS PRECEDENT. Each of the Depositor and the Administrative Trustees on behalf of the Trust shall provide to the Property Trustee such evidence of compliance with any conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Trust Agreement that relate to any of the matters set forth in Section 314 (c) of the Trust Indenture Act. Any certificate or opinion required to be given by an officer pursuant to Section 314(c)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act shall be given in the form of an Officers' Certificate. Section 8.17 NUMBER OF TRUSTEES. (a) The number of Trustees shall be five (5) provided that the Holder of all of the Common Securities by written instrument may increase or decrease the number of Administrative Trustees. The Property Trustee and the Delaware Trustee may be the same Person. (b) If a Trustee ceases to hold office for any reason and the number of Administrative Trustees is not reduced pursuant to Section 8.17(a), or if the number of Trustees is increased pursuant to Section 8.17(a), a vacancy shall occur. The vacancy shall be filled with a Trustee appointed in accordance with Section 8.10. (c) The death, resignation, retirement, removal, bankruptcy, incompetence or incapacity to perform the duties of a Trustee shall not operate to annul the Trust. Whenever a vacancy in the number of Administrative Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled by the appointment of an Administrative Trustee in accordance with Section 8.10, the Administrative Trustees in office, regardless of their number (and notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement), shall have all the powers granted to the Administrative Trustees and 48 shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Administrative Trustees by this Trust Agreement. Section 8.18 DELEGATION OF POWER. (a) Any Administrative Trustee may, by power of attorney consistent with applicable law, delegate to any other natural person over the age of 21 his or her power for the purpose of executing any documents contemplated in Section 2.7(a), including any registration statement or amendment thereto filed with the Commission, or making any other governmental filing; and (b) The Administrative Trustees shall have power to delegate from time to time to such of their number or to the Depositor the doing of such things and the execution of such instruments either in the name of the Trust or the names of the Administrative Trustees or otherwise as the Administrative Trustees may deem expedient, to the extent such delegation is not prohibited by applicable law or contrary to the provisions of this Trust Agreement, as set forth herein. Section 8.19 VOTING. Except as otherwise provided in this Trust Agreement, the consent or approval of the Administrative Trustees shall require consent or approval by not less than a majority of the Administrative Trustees, unless there are only two, in which case both must consent. ARTICLE IX. DISSOLUTION, LIQUIDATION AND MERGER Section 9.1 DISSOLUTION UPON EXPIRATION DATE. Unless dissolved earlier, the Trust shall automatically dissolve on December 31, 2027 (the "Expiration Date"). Section 9.2 EARLY DISSOLUTION. The first to occur of any of the following events is an "Early Dissolution Event" which shall cause a dissolution of the Depositor: (a) the occurrence of a Bankruptcy Event in respect of, or the dissolution or liquidation of, the Depositor; (b) the written direction to the Property Trustee from the Depositor at any time to dissolve the Trust and distribute Debentures to Securityholders in exchange for a Like Amount of the Preferred Securities (which direction is optional and wholly within the discretion of the Depositor); (c) the redemption of all of the Preferred Securities in connection with the redemption of all the Debentures; and 49 (d) the entry of an order for dissolution of the Trust by a court of competent jurisdiction. Section 9.3 TERMINATION. The respective obligations and responsibilities of the Trustees and the Trust created and continued hereby shall terminate upon the latest to occur of the following: (a) the distribution by the Property Trustee to Securityholders upon the liquidation of the Trust pursuant to Section 9.4, or upon the redemption of all of the Trust Securities pursuant to Section 4.2, of all amounts required to be distributed hereunder upon the final payment of the Trust Securities; (b) the payment of any expenses owed by the Trust; (c) the discharge of all administrative duties of the Administrative Trustees, including the performance of any tax reporting obligations with respect to the Trust or the Securityholders; and (d) the filing of a Certificate of Cancellation by the Administrative Trustees under the Business Trust Act. Section 9.4 LIQUIDATION. (a) If an Early Dissolution Event specified in clause (a), (b) or (d) of Section 9.2 occurs or upon the Expiration Date, the Trust shall be liquidated by the Trustees as expeditiously as the Trustees determine to be possible by distributing, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of the Trust as provided by applicable law, to each Securityholder a Like Amount of Debentures, subject to Section 9.4(d). Notice of liquidation shall be given by the Property Trustee by first-class mail, postage prepaid mailed not later than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Liquidation Date to each Holder of Trust Securities at such Holder's address appearing in the Securities Register. All notices of liquidation shall: (i) state the Liquidation Date; (ii) state that from and after the Liquidation Date, the Trust Securities will no longer be deemed to be Outstanding and any Trust Securities Certificates not surrendered for exchange will be deemed to represent a Like Amount of Debentures; and (iii) provide such information with respect to the mechanics by which Holders may exchange Trust Securities Certificates for certificates representing the Like Amount of the Debentures, or if Section 9.4(d) applies receive a Liquidation Distribution, as the Administrative Trustees or the Property Trustee shall deem appropriate. (b) Except where Section 9.2(c) or 9.4(d) applies, in order to effect the liquidation of the Trust and distribution of the Debentures to Securityholders, the Administrative Trustees shall establish a record date for such distribution (which shall be not more than 45 days prior to the Liquidation Date) and, either itself acting as exchange agent or through the appointment of a 50 separate exchange agent, shall establish such procedures as it shall deem appropriate to effect the distribution of Debentures in exchange for the Outstanding Trust Securities Certificates. (c) Except where Section 9.2(c) or 9.4(d) applies, after the Liquidation Date, (i) the Trust Securities will no longer be deemed to be Outstanding, (ii) certificates representing a Like Amount of Debentures will be issued to holders of Trust Securities Certificates, upon surrender of such certificates to the Administrative Trustees or their agent for exchange, (iii) the Depositor shall use its best efforts to have the Debentures listed on the New York Stock Exchange or on such other exchange, interdealer quotation system or self-regulatory organization as the Preferred Securities are then listed, (iv) any Trust Securities Certificates not so surrendered for exchange will be deemed to represent a Like Amount of Debentures, accruing interest at the rate provided for in the Debentures from the last Distribution Date on which a Distribution was made on such Trust Securities Certificates until such certificates are so surrendered (and until such certificates are so surrendered, no payments of interest or principal will be made to Holders of Debentures represented by such certificates) and (v) all rights of Securityholders holding Trust Securities will cease, except the right of such Securityholders to receive a Like Amount of Debentures upon surrender of Trust Securities Certificates. (d) In the event that, notwithstanding the other provisions of this Section 9.4, whether because of an order for dissolution entered by a court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, distribution of the Debentures in the manner provided herein is determined by the Property Trustee not to be practical, the Trust Property shall be liquidated, and the Trust shall be wound-up or terminated, by the Property Trustee in such manner as the Property Trustee determines. In such event, Securityholders will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Trust available for distribution to Securityholders, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of the Trust as provided by applicable law, an amount equal to the Liquidation Amount per Trust Security plus accumulated and unpaid Distributions thereon to the date of payment (such amount being the "Liquidation Distribution"). If, upon any such winding up or termination, the Liquidation Distribution can be paid only in part because the Trust has insufficient assets available to pay in full the aggregate Liquidation Distribution, then, subject to the next succeeding sentence, the amounts payable by the Trust on the Trust Securities shall be paid on a pro rata basis (based upon Liquidation Amounts). The Holder of the Common Securities will be entitled to receive Liquidation Distributions upon any such winding-up or termination pro rata (determined as aforesaid) with Holders of Preferred Securities, except that, if a Debenture Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, Holders of the Preferred Securities shall have a priority over the Holders of Common Securities. 51 Section 9.5 MERGERS, CONSOLIDATIONS, AMALGAMATIONS OR REPLACEMENTS OF THE TRUST. The Trust may not merge with or into, consolidate, amalgamate, or be replaced by, or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any corporation or other body, except pursuant to this Section 9.5 or, as applicable, Section 9.4. At the request of the Depositor, with the consent of the Administrative Trustees and without the consent of the Holders of the Preferred Securities, the Property Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, the Trust may merge with or into, consolidate, amalgamate, or be replaced by or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to a trust organized as such under the laws of any State; provided, that (i) such successor entity either (a) expressly assumes all of the obligations of the Trust with respect to the Preferred Securities or (b) substitutes for the Preferred Securities other securities having substantially the same terms as the Preferred Securities (the "Successor Securities") so long as the Successor Securities rank the same as the Preferred Securities rank in priority with respect to distributions and payments upon liquidation, redemption and otherwise, (ii) the Depositor expressly appoints a trustee of such successor entity possessing the same powers and duties as the Property Trustee as the holder of the Debentures, (iii) the Successor Securities are listed or traded, or any Successor Securities will be listed upon notification of issuance, on any national securities exchange or other organization on which the Preferred Securities are then listed or traded, if any, (iv) such merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease does not cause the Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) to be downgraded by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, (v) such merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease does not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of the Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) in any material respect, (vi) such successor entity has a purpose substantially identical to that of the Trust, (vii) prior to such merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease, the Depositor has received an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (a) such merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease does not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of the Preferred Securities (including any Successor Securities) in any material respect, and (b) following such merger, consolidation, amalgamation, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease, neither the Trust nor such successor entity will be required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act and (viii) the Depositor owns all of the common securities of such successor entity and guarantees the obligations of such successor entity under the Successor Securities at least to the extent provided by the Guarantee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust shall not, except with the consent of holders of 100% in Liquidation Amount of the Preferred Securities, consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or be replaced by or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any other entity or permit any other entity to consolidate, amalgamate, merge with or into, or replace it if such consolidation, amalgamation, merger, replacement, conveyance, transfer or lease 52 would cause the Trust or the successor entity to be classified as other than a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes. ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Section 10.1 LIMITATION OF RIGHTS OF SECURITYHOLDERS. The death, incapacity, bankruptcy, dissolution or termination of any Person having an interest, beneficial or otherwise, in Trust Securities shall not operate to terminate this Trust Agreement or dissolve, terminate or annul the Trust, nor entitle the legal representatives or heirs of such person or any Securityholder for such person, to claim an accounting, take any action or bring any proceeding in any court for a partition or winding up of the arrangements contemplated hereby, nor otherwise affect the rights, obligations and liabilities of the parties hereto or any of them. Section 10.2 AMENDMENT. (a) This Trust Agreement may be amended from time to time by the Property Trustee, the Administrative Trustees and the Depositor, without the consent of any Securityholders, (i) to cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provision herein which may be inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this Trust Agreement, which shall not be inconsistent with the other provisions of this Trust Agreement, or (ii) to modify, eliminate or add to any provisions of this Trust Agreement to such extent as shall be necessary to ensure that the Trust will be classified for United States Federal income tax purposes as a grantor trust at all times that any Trust Securities are outstanding or to ensure that the Trust will not be required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act; provided, however, that in the case of clause (i), such action shall not adversely affect in any material respect the interests of any Securityholder, and any such amendments of this Trust Agreement shall become effective when notice thereof is given to the Securityholders. (b) Except as provided in Section 10.2(c) hereof, any provision of this Trust Agreement may be amended by the Trustees and the Depositor with (i) the consent of Trust Securityholders representing not less than a majority (based upon Liquidation Amounts) of the Trust Securities then Outstanding and (ii) receipt by the Trustees of an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such amendment or the exercise of any power granted to the Trustees in accordance with such amendment will not affect the Trust's status as a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes or the Trust's exemption from status of an investment company under the 1940 Act. (c) In addition to and notwithstanding any other provision in this Trust Agreement, without the consent of each affected Securityholder, this 53 Trust Agreement may not be amended to (i) change the amount or timing of any Distribution on the Trust Securities or otherwise adversely affect the amount of any Distribution required to be made in respect of the Trust Securities as of a specified date or (ii) restrict the right of a Securityholder to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such date; notwithstanding any other provision herein, without the unanimous consent of the Securityholders, this paragraph (c) of this Section 10.2 may not be amended. (d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Trust Agreement, no Trustee shall enter into or consent to any amendment to this Trust Agreement which would cause the Trust to fail or cease to qualify for the exemption from status of an investment company under the 1940 Act or fail or cease to be classified as a grantor trust for United States Federal income tax purposes. (e) Notwithstanding anything in this Trust Agreement to the contrary, without the consent of the Depositor, this Trust Agreement may not be amended in a manner which imposes any additional obligation on the Depositor. (f) In the event that any amendment to this Trust Agreement is made, the Administrative Trustees shall promptly provide to the Depositor a copy of such amendment. (g) Neither the Property Trustee nor the Delaware Trustee shall be required to enter into any amendment to this Trust Agreement which affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Trust Agreement. The Property Trustee shall be entitled to receive an Opinion of Counsel and an Officers' Certificate stating that any amendment to this Trust Agreement is in compliance with this Trust Agreement. Section 10.3 SEPARABILITY. In case any provision in this Trust Agreement or in the Trust Securities Certificates shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Section 10.4 GOVERNING LAW. THIS TRUST AGREEMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF EACH OF THE SECURITYHOLDERS, THE TRUST AND THE TRUSTEES WITH RESPECT TO THIS TRUST AGREEMENT AND THE TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE (WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES). Section 10.5 PAYMENTS DUE ON NON-BUSINESS DAY. If the date fixed for any payment on any Trust Security shall be a day that is not a Business Day, then such payment need not be made on such date but may be made on the next 54 succeeding day that is a Business Day (except as otherwise provided in Sections 4.1(a) and 4.2(d)), with the same force and effect as though made on the date fixed for such payment, and no interest shall accrue thereon for the period after such date. Section 10.6 SUCCESSORS. This Trust Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of any successor to the Depositor, the Trust or the Relevant Trustee, including any successor by operation of law. Except in connection with a consolidation, merger or sale involving the Depositor that is permitted under Article Eight of the Indenture and pursuant to which the assignee agrees in writing to perform the Depositor's obligations hereunder, the Depositor shall not assign its obligations hereunder. Section 10.7 HEADINGS. The Article and Section headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of this Trust Agreement. Section 10.8 REPORTS, NOTICES AND DEMANDS Any report, notice, demand or other communication which by any provision of this Trust Agreement is required or permitted to be given or served to or upon any Securityholder or the Depositor may be given or served in writing by deposit thereof, first-class postage prepaid, in the United States mail, hand delivery or facsimile transmission, in each case, addressed, (a) in the case of a Preferred Securityholder, to such Preferred Securityholder as such Securityholder's name and address may appear on the Securities Register; and (b) in the case of the Common Securityholder or the Depositor, to First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., 401 North 31st Street, Billings, MT 59101, Attention: Terrill R. Moore. Such notice, demand or other communication to or upon a Securityholder shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, upon hand delivery, mailing or transmission. Any notice, demand or other communication which by any provision of this Trust Agreement is required or permitted to be given or served to or upon the Trust, the Property Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or the Administrative Trustees shall be given in writing addressed (until another address is published by the Trust) as follows: (a) with respect to the Property Trustee to Wilmington Trust Company, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington , Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration; (b) with respect to the Delaware Trustee, to Wilmington Trust Company, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890; and (c) with respect to the Administrative Trustees, to them at the address above for notices to the Depositor, marked "Attention Administrative Trustees of FIB Capital Trust." Such notice, demand or other communication to or upon the Trust or the Property Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made only upon actual receipt of the writing by the Trust or the Property Trustee. 55 Section 10.9 AGREEMENT NOT TO PETITION. Each of the Trustees and the Depositor agree for the benefit of the Securityholders that, until at least one year and one day after the Trust has been terminated in accordance with Article IX, they shall not file, or join in the filing of, a petition against the Trust under any Bankruptcy Laws or otherwise join in the commencement of any proceeding against the Trust under any Bankruptcy Law. In the event the Depositor takes action in violation of this Section 10.9, the Property Trustee agrees, for the benefit of Securityholders, that at the expense of the Depositor, it shall file an answer with the bankruptcy court or otherwise properly contest the filing of such petition by the Depositor against the Trust or the commencement of such action and raise the defense that the Depositor has agreed in writing not to take such action and should be stopped and precluded therefrom and such other defenses, if any, as counsel for the Trustee or the Trust may assert. The provisions of this Section 10.9 shall survive the termination of this Trust Agreement. Section 10.10 TRUST INDENTURE ACT; CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT. (a) This Trust Agreement is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of this Trust Agreement and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. (b) The Property Trustee shall be the only Trustee which is a trustee for the purposes of the Trust Indenture Act. (c) If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision hereof which is required to be included in this Trust Agreement by any of the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, such required provision shall control. If any provision of this Trust Agreement modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust Indenture Act which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall be deemed to apply to this Trust Agreement as so modified or excluded, as the case may be. (d) The application of the Trust Indenture Act to this Trust Agreement shall not affect the nature of the Securities as equity securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust. Section 10.11 ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS OF TRUST AGREEMENT, GUARANTEE AND INDENTURE. THE RECEIPT AND ACCEPTANCE OF A TRUST SECURITY OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN BY OR ON BEHALF OF A SECURITYHOLDER OR ANY BENEFICIAL OWNER, WITHOUT ANY SIGNATURE OR FURTHER MANIFESTATION OF ASSENT, SHALL CONSTITUTE THE UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE BY THE SECURITYHOLDER AND ALL OTHERS HAVING A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN SUCH TRUST SECURITY OF ALL THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS TRUST AGREEMENT AND AGREEMENT TO THE SUBORDINATION PROVISIONS AND OTHER TERMS OF THE GUARANTEE AND THE INDENTURE, AND SHALL 56 CONSTITUTE THE AGREEMENT OF THE TRUST, SUCH SECURITYHOLDER AND SUCH OTHERS THAT THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THIS TRUST AGREEMENT SHALL BE BINDING, OPERATIVE AND EFFECTIVE AS BETWEEN THE TRUST AND SUCH SECURITYHOLDER AND SUCH OTHERS. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By: /s/ Terrill R. Moore -------------------------------- Name: Terrill R. Moore ------------------------------ Title: Senior Vice President ----------------------------- WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, as Property Trustee By: /s/ James P. Lawler -------------------------------- Name: James P. Lawler ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ----------------------------- WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, as Delaware Trustee By: /s/ James P. Lawler -------------------------------- Name: James P. Lawler ------------------------------ Title: Vice President ----------------------------- /s/ Terrill R. Moore ----------------------------------- Name: Terrill R. Moore as Administrative Trustee /s/ Thomas W. Scott ----------------------------------- Name: Thomas W. Scott as Administrative Trustee 57 /s/ William G. Wilson ----------------------------------- Name: William G. Wilson as Administrative Trustee 58 EXHIBIT A CERTIFICATE OF TRUST OF FIB CAPITAL TRUST This Certificate of Trust of FIB Capital Trust (the "Trust") dated _________________,1997, is being duly executed and filed by the undersigned, as trustees, to form a business trust under the Delaware Business Trust Act (12 Del. C. ((S)) 3801 et seq.). 1. NAME. The name of the business trust being formed hereby is FIB Capital Trust. 2. DELAWARE TRUSTEE. The name and business address of the trustee of the Trust in the State of Delaware are Wilmington Trust Company, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administrator. 3. EFFECTIVE DATE. This Certificate of Trust shall be effective upon its filing. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the trustees of the Trust, have executed this Certificate of Trust as of the date first above written. WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, as Trustee By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Title: ----------------------------- ----------------------------------- Name: Terrill R. Moore as Administrative Trustee 59 EXHIBIT B The Depository Trust Company, 55 Water Street, 49th Floor, New York, New York 10041-0099 , 1997 - -------------- Attention: General Counsel's Office Re: FIB Capital Trust ___% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities Ladies and Gentlemen: The purpose of this letter is to set forth certain matters relating to the issuance and deposit with The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") of the FIB Capital Trust ___% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities, (the "Trust Preferred Securities"), of FIB Capital Trust, a Delaware business trust (the "Issuer"), formed pursuant to an Amended and Restated Trust Agreement between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. ("First Interstate BancSystem"), and Wilmington Trust Company, as Property Trustee, Wilmington Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee, the Administrative Trustees named therein, and the holders, from time to time, of undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Issuer. The payment of distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities, and payments due upon liquidation of the Issuer or redemption of the Trust Preferred Securities, to the extent the Issuer has funds available for the payment thereof are guaranteed by First Interstate BancSystem to the extent set forth in a Guarantee Agreement dated November ____, 1997, by First Interstate BancSystem and Wilmington Trust Company, as guarantee trustee, with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities. First Interstate BancSystem and the Issuer propose to sell the Trust Preferred Securities to certain Underwriter(s) (the "Underwriter(s)") pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement dated November ___, 1997 by and among the Underwriter(s), the Issuer and Depositor and the Underwriter(s) wish to take delivery of the Trust Preferred Securities through DTC. Wilmington Trust Company is acting as transfer agent and registrar with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities (the "Transfer Agent and Registrar"). To induce DTC to accept the Trust Preferred Securities as eligible for deposit at DTC, and to act in accordance with DTC's rules with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities, the Issuer, the Transfer Agent and Registrar and DTC agree among each other as follows: 60 1. Prior to the closing of the sale of the Trust Preferred Securities to the Underwriter(s), which is expected to occur on or about November ___, 1997, there shall be deposited with DTC one or more global certificates (individually and collectively, the "Global Certificate") registered in the name of DTC's Trust Preferred Securities nominee, Cede & Co., representing an aggregate of Trust Preferred Securities and bearing the following legend: Unless this certificate is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company, a New York corporation ("DTC"), to the Issuer or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange, or payment, and any certificate issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or in such other name as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC (and any payment is made to Cede & Co. or to such other entity as is requested by an authorized representative of DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE, OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co., has an interest herein. 2. The Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Issuer provides for the voting by holders of the Trust Preferred Securities under certain limited circumstances. The Issuer shall establish a record date for such purposes and shall, to the extent possible, give DTC notice of such record date not less than 15 calendar days in advance of such record date. 3. In the event of a stock split, conversion, recapitalization, reorganization or any other similar transaction resulting in the cancellation of all or any part of the Trust Preferred Securities outstanding, the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar shall send DTC a notice of such event at least five business days prior to the effective date of such event. 4. In the event of distribution on, or an offering or issuance of rights with respect to, the Trust Preferred Securities outstanding, the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar shall send DTC a notice specifying: (a) the amount of and conditions, if any, applicable to the payment of any such distribution or any such offering or issuance of rights; (b) any applicable expiration or deadline date, or any date by which any action on the part of the holders of Trust Preferred Securities is required; and (c) the date any required notice is to be mailed by or on behalf of the Issuer to holders of Trust Preferred Securities or published by or on behalf of the Issuer (whether by mail or publication, the "Publication Date"). Such notice shall be sent to DTC by a secure means (e.g., legible telecopy, registered or certified mail, overnight delivery) in a timely manner designed to 61 assure that such notice is in DTC's possession no later than the close of business on the business day before the Publication Date. The Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar will forward such notice either in a separate secure transmission for each CUSIP number or in a secure transmission of multiple CUSIP numbers (if applicable) that includes a manifest or list of each CUSIP number submitted in that transmission. (The party sending such notice shall have a method to verify subsequently the use of such means and the timeliness of such notice.) The Publication Date shall be not less than 30 calendar days nor more than 60 calendar days prior to the payment of any such distribution or any such offering or issuance of rights with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities. After establishing the amount of payment to be made on the Trust Preferred Securities, the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar will notify DTC's Dividend Department of such payment five business days prior to payment date. Notices to DTC's Dividend Department by telecopy shall be sent to (212) 709-1723. Such notices by mail or by any other means shall be sent to: Manager, Announcements Dividend Department The Depository Trust Company 7 Hanover Square, 23rd Floor New York, New York 10004-2695 The Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar shall confirm DTC's receipt of such telecopy by telephoning the Dividend Department at (212) 709-1270. 5. In the event of a redemption by the Issuer of the Trust Preferred Securities, notice specifying the terms of the redemption and the Publication Date of such notice shall be sent by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar to DTC not less than 30 calendar days prior to such event by a secure means in the manner set forth in paragraph 4. Such redemption notice shall be sent to DTC's Call Notification Department at (516) 227-4164 or (516) 227-4190, and receipt of such notice shall be confirmed by telephoning (516) 227-4070. Notice by mail or by any other means shall be sent to: Call Notification Department The Depository Trust Company 711 Stewart Avenue Garden City, New York 11530-4719 6. In the event of any invitation to tender the Trust Preferred Securities, notice specifying the terms of the tender and the Publication Date of such notice shall be sent by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar to DTC by a secure means and in a timely manner as described in paragraph 4. Notices to DTC pursuant to this paragraph and notices of other corporate actions 62 (including mandatory tenders, exchanges and capital changes) shall be sent, unless notification to another department is expressly provided for herein, by telecopy to DTC's Reorganization Department at (212) 709-1093 or (212) 709-1094 and receipt of such notice shall be confirmed by telephoning (212) 709-6884, or by mail or any other means to: Manager, Reorganization Department Reorganization Window The Depository Trust Company 7 Hanover Square, 23rd Floor New York, New York 10004-2695 7. All notices and payment advices sent to DTC shall contain the CUSIP number or numbers of the Trust Preferred Securities and the accompanying designation of the Trust Preferred Securities, which, as of the date of this letter, is "FIB Capital Trust ___% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities." 8. Distribution payments or other cash payments with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities evidenced by the Global Certificate shall be received by Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC, or its registered assigns in next day funds on each payment date (or in accordance with existing arrangements between the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar and DTC). Such payments shall be made payable to the order of Cede & Co., and shall be addressed as follows: NDFS Redemption Department The Depository Trust Company 7 Hanover Square, 23rd Floor New York, New York 10004-2695 9. DTC may by prior written notice direct the Issuer and the Transfer Agent and Registrar to use any other telecopy number or address of DTC as the number or address to which notices or payments may be sent. 10. In the event of a conversion, redemption, or any other similar transaction (e.g., tender made and accepted in response to the Issuer's or the Transfer Agent and Registrar's invitation) necessitating a reduction in the aggregate number of Trust Preferred Securities outstanding evidenced by Global Certificates, DTC, in its discretion: (a) may request the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar to issue and countersign a new Global Certificate; or (b) may make an appropriate notation on the Global Certificate indicating the date and amount of such reduction. 11. DTC may discontinue its services as a securities depository with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities at any time by giving at least 90 days' prior written notice to the Issuer and the Transfer Agent and Registrar (at which 63 time DTC will confirm with the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar the aggregate number of Trust Preferred Securities deposited with it) and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Issuer may determine to make alternative arrangements for book-entry settlement for the Trust Preferred Securities, make available one or more separate global certificates evidencing Trust Preferred Securities to any Participant having Trust Preferred Securities credited to its DTC account, or issue definitive Trust Preferred Securities to the beneficial holders thereof, and in any such case, DTC agrees to cooperate fully with the Issuer and the Transfer Agent and Registrar, and to return the Global Certificate, duly endorsed for transfer as directed by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar, together with any other documents of transfer reasonably requested by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar. 12. In the event that the Issuer determines that beneficial owners of Trust Preferred Securities shall be able to obtain definitive Trust Preferred Securities, the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar shall notify DTC of the availability of certificates. In such event, the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar shall issue, transfer and exchange certificates in appropriate amounts, as required by DTC and others, and DTC agrees to cooperate fully with the Issuer and the Transfer Agent and Registrar and to return the Global Certificate, duly endorsed for transfer as directed by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar, together with any other documents of transfer reasonably requested by the Issuer or the Transfer Agent and Registrar. 13. This letter may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. Nothing herein shall be deemed to require the Transfer Agent and Registrar to advance funds on behalf of FIB Capital Trust. Very truly yours, FIB CAPITAL TRUST By: ------------------------------- Name: ----------------------------- Title: Administrative Trustee 64 WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, as Transfer Agent and Registrar By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Title: ----------------------------- Received and Accepted: THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY By: ------------------------------- Authorized Officer 65 EXHIBIT C THIS CERTIFICATE IS NOT TRANSFERABLE EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 5.10 OF THE TRUST AGREEMENT CERTIFICATE NUMBER C-1 NUMBER OF COMMON SECURITIES CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING COMMON SECURITIES OF FIB CAPITAL TRUST ___% COMMON SECURITIES (LIQUIDATION AMOUNT $25 PER COMMON SECURITY) FIB Capital Trust, a statutory business trust created under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Trust"), hereby certifies that First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. (the "Holder"), is the registered owner of ( ) common securities of the Trust representing beneficial interests of the Trust and designated the ___% Common Securities (liquidation amount $25 per Common Security) (the "Common Securities"). Except as set forth in Section 5.10 of the Trust Agreement (as defined below) the Common Securities are not transferable and any attempted transfer hereof shall be void. The designations, rights, privileges, restrictions, preferences and other terms and provisions of the Common Securities are set forth in, and this certificate and the Common Securities represented hereby are issued and shall in all respects be subject to the terms and provisions of, the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Trust dated as of November 7, 1997, as the same may be amended from time to time (the "Trust Agreement") including the designation of the terms of the Common Securities as set forth therein. The Trust will furnish a copy of the Trust Agreement to the Holder without charge upon written request to the Trust at its principal place of business or registered office. Upon receipt of this certificate, the Holder is bound by the Trust Agreement and is entitled to the benefits thereunder. 66 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, one of the Administrative Trustees of the Trust has executed this certificate this _____ day of November,1997. FIB CAPITAL TRUST By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Administrative Trustee 67 EXHIBIT D AGREEMENT AS TO EXPENSES AND LIABILITIES AGREEMENT AS TO EXPENSES AND LIABILITIES (this "Agreement"), dated as of November ___, 1997, between First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., a Montana corporation ("FIB"), and FIB Capital Trust, a Delaware business trust (the "Trust"). WHEREAS, the Trust intends to issue its Common Securities (the "Common Securities") to and receive Debentures from FIB and to issue and sell ____% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities (the "Trust Preferred Securities") with such powers, preferences and special rights and restrictions as are set forth in the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Trust dated as of November ___, 1997, as the same may be amended from time to time (the "Trust Agreement"); WHEREAS, FIB will directly or indirectly own all of the Common Securities of the Trust and will issue the Debentures; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the purchase by each holder of the Trust Preferred Securities, which purchase FIB hereby agrees shall benefit FIB and which purchase FIB acknowledges will be made in reliance upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement, FIB and Trust hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE I AGREEMENT Section 1.1 GUARANTEE BY FIB. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, FIB hereby irrevocably and unconditionally guarantees to each person or entity to whom the Trust is now or hereafter becomes indebted or liable (the "Beneficiaries") the full payment, when and as due, of any and all Obligations (as hereinafter defined) to such Beneficiaries. As used herein, "Obligations" means any costs, expenses or liabilities of the Trust, other than obligations of the Trust to pay to holders of any Trust Preferred Securities or other similar interests in the Trust the amounts due such holders pursuant to the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities or such other similar interests, as the case may be. This Agreement is intended to be for the benefit of, and to be enforceable by, all such Beneficiaries, whether or not such Beneficiaries have received notice hereof. Section 1.2 TERM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall terminate and be of no further force and effect upon the later of (a) the date on which full payment has been made of all amounts payable to all holders of all the Trust Preferred Securities (whether upon redemption, liquidation, exchange or otherwise) and (b) the date on which there are no Beneficiaries remaining; provided, however, that this Agreement shall continue to be effective or shall be reinstated, as the case 68 may be, if at any time any holder of Trust Preferred Securities or any Beneficiary must restore payment of any sums paid under the Trust Preferred Securities, under any Obligation, under the Guarantee Agreement dated the date hereof by FIB and Wilmington Trust Company, a Delaware banking corporation, as guarantee trustee or under this Agreement for any reason whatsoever. This Agreement is continuing, irrevocable, unconditional and absolute. Section 1.3 WAIVER OF NOTICE. FIB hereby waives notice of acceptance of this Agreement and of any Obligation to which it applies or may apply, and FIB hereby waives presentment, demand for payment, protest, notice of nonpayment, notice of dishonor, notice of redemption and all other notices and demands. Section 1.4 NO IMPAIRMENT. The obligations, covenants, agreements and duties of FIB under this Agreement shall in no way be affected or impaired by reason of the happening from time to time of any of the following: (a) the extension of time for the payment by the Trust of all or any portion of the Obligations or for the performance of any other obligation under, arising out of, or in connection with, the obligations; (b) any failure, omission, delay or lack of diligence on the part of the Beneficiaries to enforce, assert or exercise any right, privilege, power or remedy conferred on the Beneficiaries with respect to the Obligations or any action on the part of the Trust granting indulgence or extension of any kind; or (c) the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, sale of any collateral, receivership, insolvency, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, reorganization, arrangement, composition or readjustment of debt of, or other similar proceedings affecting, the Trust or any of the assets of the Trust. There shall be no obligation of the Beneficiaries to give notice to, or obtain the consent of, FIB with respect to the happening of any of the foregoing. Section 1.5 ENFORCEMENT. A Beneficiary may enforce this Agreement directly against FIB and FIB waives any right or remedy to require that any action be brought against the Trust or any other person or entity before proceeding against FIB. Section 1.6 SUBROGATION. FIB shall be subrogated to all (if any) rights of the Trust in respect of any amounts paid to the Beneficiaries by FIB under this Agreement; provided, however, that FIB shall not (except to the extent required by mandatory provisions of law) be entitled to enforce or exercise any rights which it may acquire by way of subrogation or any indemnity, reimbursement or other agreement, in all cases as a result of payment under this Agreement, if, at 69 the time of any such payment, any amounts are due and unpaid under this Agreement. ARTICLE II BINDING EFFECT Section 1.7 BINDING EFFECT. All guarantees and agreements contained in this Agreement shall bind the successors, assigns, receivers, trustees and representatives of FIB and shall inure to the benefit of the Beneficiaries. Section 1.8 AMENDMENT. So long as there remains any Beneficiary or any Trust Preferred Securities of any series are outstanding, this Agreement shall not be modified or amended in any manner adverse to such Beneficiary or to the holders of the Trust Preferred Securities. Section 1.9 NOTICES. Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be given in writing by delivering the same against receipt therefor by facsimile transmission (confirmed by mail), telex or by registered or certified mail, addressed as follows (and if so given, shall be deemed given when mailed or upon receipt of an answer-back, if sent by telex): FIB Capital Trust c/o First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 401 North 31st Street Billings, MT 59101 Fax: (406) 255-5350 Attention: Terrill R. Moore First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 401 North 31st Street Billings, MT 59101 Fax: (406) 255-5350 Attention: Terrill R. Moore Section 1.10 THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MONTANA (WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES). 70 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is executed as of the day and year first above written. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Title: ----------------------------- FIB CAPITAL TRUST By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Administrative Trustee 71 EXHIBIT E This Preferred Security is a Global Certificate within the meaning of the Trust Agreement hereinafter referred to and is registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company (the "Depository") or a nominee of the Depository. This Preferred Security is exchangeable for Trust Preferred Securities registered in the name of a person other than the Depository or its nominee only in the limited circumstances described in the Trust Agreement and no transfer of this Preferred Security (other than a transfer of this Preferred Security as a whole by the Depository to a nominee of the Depository or by a nominee of the Depository to the Depository or another nominee of the Depository) may be registered except in limited circumstances. Unless this Preferred Security is presented by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company (55 Water Street, New York) to FIB Capital Trust or its agent for registration of transfer, exchange or payment, and any Preferred Security issued is registered in the name of Cede & Co. or such other name as requested by an authorized representative of The Depository Trust Company and any payment hereon is made to Cede & Co., ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY A PERSON IS WRONGFUL inasmuch as the registered owner hereof, Cede & Co., has an interest herein. CERTIFICATE NUMBER P-___ NUMBER OF TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES CUSIP NO. CERTIFICATE EVIDENCING TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES OF FIB CAPITAL TRUST ___% CUMULATIVE TRUST PREFERRED SECURITIES, SERIES (LIQUIDATION AMOUNT $25 PER PREFERRED SECURITY) FIB Capital Trust, a statutory business trust created under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Trust"), hereby certifies that (the "Holder") is the registered owner of ( ) Trust Preferred Securities of the Trust representing an undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the Trust and designated the FIB Capital Trust ___% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities, (liquidation amount 72 $25 per Preferred Security) (the "Trust Preferred Securities"). The Trust Preferred Securities are transferable on the books and records of the Trust, in person or by a duly authorized attorney, upon surrender of this certificate duly endorsed and in proper form for transfer as provided in Section 5.4 of the Trust Agreement (as defined below). The designations, rights, privileges, restrictions, preferences and other terms and provisions of the Trust Preferred Securities are set forth in, and this certificate and the Trust Preferred Securities represented hereby are issued and shall in all respects be subject to the terms and provisions of, the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Trust dated as of November ___, 1997, as the same may be amended from time to time (the "Trust Agreement") including the designation of the terms of Trust Preferred Securities as set forth therein. The Holder is entitled to the benefits of the Guarantee Agreement entered into by First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., a Montana corporation, and Wilmington Trust Company, as guarantee trustee, dated as of November ___, 1997, (the "Guarantee"), to the extent provided therein. The Trust will furnish a copy of the Trust Agreement and the Guarantee to the Holder without charge upon written request to the Trust at its principal place of business or registered office. Upon receipt of this certificate, the Holder is bound by the Trust Agreement and is entitled to the benefits thereunder. In Witness Whereof, one of the Administrative Trustees of the Trust has executed this certificate this day of November ___, 1997. FIB CAPITAL TRUST By: -------------------------------- Name: ------------------------------ Administrative Trustee 73 ASSIGNMENT For Value Received, the undersigned assigns and transfers this Preferred Security to: (Insert assignee's social security or tax identification number) (Insert address and zip code of assignee) and irrevocably appoints agent to transfer this Preferred Security Certificate on the books of the Trust. The agent may substitute another to act for him or her. 74 EX-4.9 4 EX-4.9 GUARANTEE AGMT FIB/WILMINGTON - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GUARANTEE AGREEMENT BETWEEN FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC., AS GUARANTOR, AND WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, AS TRUSTEE DATED AS OF NOVEMBER 7, 1997 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ---- Article I. Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Article II. Trust Indenture Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section 2.1 Trust Indenture Act; Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section 2.2 List of Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section 2.3 Reports by the Guarantee Trustee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 2.4 Periodic Reports to the Guarantee Trustee . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 2.5 Evidence of Compliance with Conditions Precedent. . . . . . 5 Section 2.6 Events of Default; Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 2.7 Event of Default; Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 2.8 Conflicting Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Article III. Powers, Duties and Rights of the Guarantee Trustee. . . . . . . 6 Section 3.1 Powers and Duties of the Guarantee Trustee. . . . . . . . . 6 Section 3.2 Certain Rights of Guarantee Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Section 3.3 Indemnity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Article IV. Guarantee Trustee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section 4.1 Guarantee Trustee: Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section 4.2 Appointment, Removal and Resignation of the Guarantee Trustee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Article V. Guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Section 5.1 Guarantee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 5.2 Waiver of Notice and Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 5.3 Obligations Not Affected. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 5.4 Rights of Holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Section 5.5 Guarantee of Payment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Section 5.6 Subrogation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Section 5.7 Independent Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Article VI. Covenants and Subordination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Section 6.1 Subordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Section 6.2 Pari Passu Guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Article VII. Consolidation, Merger, Conveyance, Transfer or Lease. . . . . . 13 Section 7.1 Guarantor May Consolidate, Etc., Only on Certain Terms. . . 13 Section 7.2 Successor Guarantor Substituted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Article VIII. Termination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 8.1 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Article IX. Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 i Section 9.1 Successors and Assigns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Section 9.2 Amendments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Section 9.3 Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Section 9.4 Benefit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 9.5 Interpretation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 9.6 Governing Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Section 9.7 Counterparts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ii CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* Section of Trust Section of Indenture Act of 1939, as amended Guarantee Agreement - --------------------------------- ------------------- 310(a).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1(a) 310(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8, 4.1(c) 310(c).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 311(a).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2(b) 311(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2(b) 311(c).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 312(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2(b) 313. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 314(a).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 314(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 314(c).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 314(d).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 316(c).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 317(a).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 317(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inapplicable 318(a).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1(b) 318(b).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 318(c).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1(a) * This Cross-Reference Table does not constitute part of the Guarantee Agreement and shall not affect the interpretation of any of its terms or provisions. iii GUARANTEE AGREEMENT This GUARANTEE AGREEMENT dated as of November 7, 1997, is executed and delivered by FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. a Montana corporation (the "Guarantor"), having its principal office at 401 North 31st Street, Billings, MT 59101, and WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY a Delaware banking corporation, as trustee (the "Guarantee Trustee"), for the benefit of the Holders from time to time of the Trust Preferred Securities (as defined herein) of FIB Capital Trust, a Delaware statutory business trust (the "Trust"). WHEREAS, pursuant to a Trust Agreement, dated as of November 7, 1997 (the "Trust Agreement"), among the Guarantor, as Depositor, Wilmington Trust Company as Property Trustee, Wilmington Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee, and the Administrative Trustees named therein and the Holders from time to time of undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust, the Trust issued $40,000,000 aggregate Liquidation Amount (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of its _____% Cumulative Trust Preferred Securities, Liquidation Amount $25 per Trust Preferred Security (the "Trust Preferred Securities"), representing preferred undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust and having the terms set forth in the Trust Agreement; WHEREAS, the Trust Preferred Securities will be issued by the Trust and the proceeds thereof, together with the proceeds from the issuance of the Trust's Common Securities (as defined below), will be used to purchase the Debentures (as defined in the Trust Agreement) of the Guarantor which was deposited with Wilmington Trust Company, as Property Trustee under the Trust Agreement, as assets of the Trust; and WHEREAS, as an incentive for the Holders to purchase the Trust Preferred Securities, the Guarantor desires irrevocably and unconditionally to agree, to the extent set forth herein, to pay to the Holders of the Trust Preferred Securities the Guarantee Payments (as defined herein) and to make certain other payments on the terms and conditions set forth herein. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the purchase by each Holder of Trust Preferred Securities, which purchase the Guarantor hereby agrees shall benefit the Guarantor, the Guarantor executes and delivers this Guarantee Agreement and pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof extends the Guarantee for the benefit of the Holders from time to time of the Trust Preferred Securities. ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS Section 1.1 DEFINITIONS. As used in this Guarantee Agreement, the terms set forth below shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the following meanings. Capitalized or otherwise defined terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Trust Agreement and the Indenture (as defined herein), each as in effect on the date hereof. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person; provided, however, that an Affiliate of the Guarantor shall not be deemed to be an Affiliate of the Trust. For the purposes of this definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. "Board of Directors" means either the board of directors of the Guarantor or any committee of that board duly authorized to act hereunder. "Common Securities" means the securities representing common undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust. "Event of Default" means a default by the Guarantor on any of its payment or other obligations under this Guarantee Agreement; provided, however, that, except with respect to a default in payment of any Guarantee Payments, the Guarantor shall have received notice of default and shall not have cured such default within 60 days after receipt of such notice. "Guarantee" has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1. "Guarantee Payments" means the following payments or distributions, without duplication, with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities, to the extent not paid or made by or on behalf of the Trust: (i) any accrued and unpaid Distributions (as defined in the Trust Agreement) required to be paid on the Trust Preferred Securities, to the extent the Trust shall have funds on hand available therefor at such time, (ii) the applicable Redemption Price (as defined in the Trust Agreement), to the extent the Trust shall have funds on hand available therefor at such time, and (iii) upon a voluntary or involuntary termination, winding up or liquidation of the Trust, unless Debentures are distributed to the Holders, the lesser of (a) the aggregate of the Liquidation Distribution (as defined in the Trust Agreement) and (b) the amount of assets of the Trust remaining available for 2 distribution to Holders of Trust Preferred Securities after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors of the Trust as required by applicable law. "Guarantee Trustee" means Wilmington Trust Company, until a Successor Guarantee Trustee has been appointed and has accepted such appointment pursuant to the terms of this Guarantee Agreement, and thereafter means each such Successor Guarantee Trustee. "Holder" means any holder, as registered on the books and records of the Trust, of any Trust Preferred Securities; provided, however, that in determining whether the holders of the requisite percentage of Trust Preferred Securities have given any request, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, "Holder" shall not include the Guarantor, the Guarantee Trustee, or any Affiliate of the Guarantor or the Guarantee Trustee. "Indenture" means the Junior Subordinated Indenture dated as of November 7, 1997, between the Guarantor and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, as supplemented and amended from time to time. "List of Holders" has the meaning specified in Section 2.2(a). "Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities" means, except as provided by the Trust Indenture Act, a vote by the Holder(s), voting separately as a class, of more than 50% of the Liquidation Amount of all then outstanding Trust Preferred Securities issued by the Trust. "Officers' Certificate" means, with respect to any Person, a certificate signed by the Chairman or a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of such Person or the President or a Vice President of such Person, and by the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of such Person, and delivered to the Guarantee Trustee. Any Officers' Certificate delivered with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Guarantee Agreement shall include: (a) a statement that each officer signing the Officers' Certificate has read the covenant or condition and the definitions relating thereto; (b) a brief statement of the nature and scope of the examination or investigation undertaken by each officer in rendering the Officers' Certificate; (c) a statement that each officer has made such examination or investigation as, in such officer's opinion, is necessary to enable such officer to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (d) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each officer, such condition or covenant has been complied with. 3 "Other Guarantees" mean any guarantees similar to the Guarantee issued, from time to time, by the Guarantor on behalf of holders of preferred trust interests issued by one or more business trusts, similar to the Trust. "Person" means a legal person, including any individual, corporation, estate, partnership, joint venture, association, joint stock company, limited liability company, trust, unincorporated association, or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof, or any other entity of whatever nature. "Responsible Officer" means, with respect to the Guarantee Trustee, any officer of the Corporate Trust Department of the Guarantee Trustee and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of that officer's knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. "Successor Guarantee Trustee" means a successor Guarantee Trustee possessing the qualifications to act as Guarantee Trustee under Section 4.1. "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. ARTICLE II. TRUST INDENTURE ACT Section 2.1 TRUST INDENTURE ACT; APPLICATION. (a) This Guarantee Agreement is subject to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are required to be part of this Guarantee Agreement and shall, to the extent applicable, be governed by such provisions. (b) If and to the extent that any provision of this Guarantee Agreement limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control. Section 2.2 LIST OF HOLDERS. (a) The Guarantor shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Guarantee Trustee (a) semiannually, on or before January 15 and July 15 of each year, a list, in such form as the Guarantee Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders ("List of Holders") as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the delivery thereof, and (b) at such other times as the Guarantee Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days after the receipt by the Guarantor of any such request, a List of Holders as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished, in each case to the extent such information is in the possession or control of the Guarantor and is not identical to a previously supplied list of Holders or has not otherwise been 4 received by the Guarantee Trustee in its capacity as such. The Guarantee Trustee may destroy any List of Holders previously given to it on receipt of a new List of Holders. (b) The Guarantee Trustee shall comply with its obligations under Section 311(a), Section 311(b) and Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. Section 2.3 REPORTS BY THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE. Not later than July 15 of each year, commencing July 15, 1998, the Guarantee Trustee shall provide to the Holders such reports as are required by Section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act, if any, in the form and in the manner provided by Section 313 of the Trust Indenture Act. The Guarantee Trustee shall also comply with the requirements of Section 313(d) of the Trust Indenture Act. Section 2.4 PERIODIC REPORTS TO THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE. The Guarantor shall provide to the Guarantee Trustee, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Holders such documents, reports and information, if any, as required by Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act and the compliance certificate required by Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act, in the form, in the manner and at the times required by Section 314 of the Trust Indenture Act. Section 2.5 EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH CONDITIONS PRECEDENT. The Guarantor shall provide to the Guarantee Trustee, on an annual basis, such evidence of compliance with such conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Guarantee Agreement that relate to any of the matters set forth in Section 314(c) of the Trust Indenture Act. Any certificate or opinion required to be given by an officer pursuant to Section 314(c)(1) may be given in the form of an Officers' Certificate. Section 2.6 EVENTS OF DEFAULT; WAIVER. The Holders of a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities may, by vote, on behalf of the Holders, waive any past Event of Default and its consequences. Upon such waiver, any such Event of Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Guarantee Agreement, but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or Event of Default or impair any right consequent therefrom. Section 2.7 EVENT OF DEFAULT; NOTICE. (a) The Guarantee Trustee shall, within 90 days after the occurrence of an Event of Default, transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Holders, notices of all Events of Default known to the Guarantee Trustee, unless such defaults have been cured before the giving of such notice, provided, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of a Guarantee Payment, the Guarantee Trustee shall be protected in 5 withholding such notice if and so long as the Board of Directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Guarantee Trustee in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interests of the Holders. (b) The Guarantee Trustee shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any Event of Default unless the Guarantee Trustee shall have received written notice, or a Responsible Officer charged with the administration of this Guarantee Agreement shall have obtained written notice, of such Event of Default. Section 2.8 CONFLICTING INTERESTS. The Trust Agreement shall be deemed to be specifically described in this Guarantee Agreement for the purposes of clause (i) of the first proviso contained in Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. ARTICLE III. POWERS, DUTIES AND RIGHTS OF THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE Section 3.1 POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE. (a) This Guarantee shall be held by the Guarantee Trustee for the benefit of the Holders, and the Guarantee Trustee shall not transfer this Guarantee to any Person except to a Holder exercising his or her rights pursuant to Section 7.1 or to a Successor Guarantee Trustee on acceptance by such Successor Guarantee Trustee of its appointment to act as Successor Guarantee Trustee. The right, title and interest of the Guarantee Trustee shall automatically vest in any Successor Guarantee Trustee, upon acceptance by such Successor Guarantee Trustee of its appointment hereunder, and such vesting and cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered pursuant to the appointment of such Successor Guarantee Trustee. (b) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Guarantee Trustee shall enforce this Guarantee for the benefit of the Holders. (c) The Guarantee Trustee, before the occurrence of any Event of Default and after the curing of all Events of Default that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Guarantee Agreement, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Guarantee Agreement against the Guarantee Trustee. In case an Event of Default has occurred (that has not been cured or waived pursuant to Section 2.6), the Guarantee Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Guarantee Agreement, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise thereof, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his or her own affairs. 6 (d) No provision of this Guarantee Agreement shall be construed to relieve the Guarantee Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that: (i) prior to the occurrence of any Event of Default and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default that may have occurred: (A) the duties and obligations of the Guarantee Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Guarantee Agreement, and the Guarantee Trustee shall not be liable except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Guarantee Agreement; and (B) in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Guarantee Trustee, the Guarantee Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Guarantee Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Guarantee Agreement; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof or of the Trust Indenture Act are specifically required to be furnished to the Guarantee Trustee, the Guarantee Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Guarantee Agreement; (ii) the Guarantee Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer of the Guarantee Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Guarantee Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts upon which such judgment was made; (iii) the Guarantee Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of not less than a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Guarantee Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Guarantee Trustee under this Guarantee Agreement; and (iv) no provision of this Guarantee Agreement shall require the Guarantee Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if the Guarantee Trustee shall have reasonable grounds for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Guarantee Agreement or adequate indemnity against such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Section 3.2 CERTAIN RIGHTS OF GUARANTEE TRUSTEE. (a) Subject to the provisions of Section 3.1: 7 (i) The Guarantee Trustee may rely and shall be fully protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document reasonably believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or presented by the proper party or parties. (ii) Any direction or act of the Guarantor contemplated by this Guarantee Agreement shall be sufficiently evidenced by an Officers' Certificate unless otherwise prescribed herein. (iii) Whenever, in the administration of this Guarantee Agreement, the Guarantee Trustee shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established before taking, suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, the Guarantee Trustee (unless other evidence is herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, request and rely upon an Officers' Certificate which, upon receipt of such request from the Guarantee Trustee, shall be promptly delivered by the Guarantor. (iv) The Guarantee Trustee may consult with legal counsel, and the written advice or opinion of such legal counsel with respect to legal matters shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it hereunder in good faith and in accordance with such advice or opinion. Such legal counsel may be legal counsel to the Guarantor or any of its Affiliates and may be one of its employees. The Guarantee Trustee shall have the right at any time to seek instructions concerning the administration of this Guarantee Agreement from any court of competent jurisdiction. (v) The Guarantee Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Guarantee Agreement at the request or direction of any Holder, unless such Holder shall have provided to the Guarantee Trustee such adequate security and indemnity as would satisfy a reasonable person in the position of the Guarantee Trustee, against the costs, expenses (including attorneys' fees and expenses) and liabilities that might be incurred by it in complying with such request or direction, including such reasonable advances as may be requested by the Guarantee Trustee; provided that, nothing contained in this Section 3.2(a)(v) shall be taken to relieve the Guarantee Trustee, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, of its obligation to exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Guarantee Agreement. (vi) The Guarantee Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Guarantee 8 Trustee, in its discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. (vii) The Guarantee Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through its agents or attorneys, and the Guarantee Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder. (viii) Whenever in the administration of this Guarantee Agreement the Guarantee Trustee shall deem it desirable to receive instructions with respect to enforcing any remedy or right or taking any other action hereunder, the Guarantee Trustee (A) may request instructions from the Holders, (B) may refrain from enforcing such remedy or right or taking such other action until such instructions are received and (C) shall be protected in acting in accordance with such instructions. (b) No provision of this Guarantee Agreement shall be deemed to impose any duty or obligation on the Guarantee Trustee to perform any act or acts or exercise any right, power, duty or obligation conferred or imposed on it in any jurisdiction in which it shall be illegal, or in which the Guarantee Trustee shall be unqualified or incompetent in accordance with applicable law, to perform any such act or acts or to exercise any such right, power, duty or obligation. No permissive power or authority available to the Guarantee Trustee shall be construed to be a duty to act in accordance with such power and authority. Section 3.3 INDEMNITY. The Guarantor agrees to indemnify the Guarantee Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Guarantee Trustee, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this Guarantee Agreement, including the costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder. ARTICLE IV. GUARANTEE TRUSTEE Section 4.1 GUARANTEE TRUSTEE: ELIGIBILITY. (a) There shall at all times be a Guarantee Trustee which shall: (i) not be an Affiliate of the Guarantor; and (ii) be a Person that is eligible pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000, and shall be a corporation meeting the requirements of Section 310(a) of the Trust Indenture 9 Act. If such corporation publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the supervising or examining authority, then, for the purposes of this Section 4.1(a)(ii) and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. (b) If at any time the Guarantee Trustee shall cease to be eligible to so act under Section 4.1(a), the Guarantee Trustee shall immediately resign in the manner and with the effect set out in Section 4.2(c). (c) If the Guarantee Trustee has or shall acquire any "conflicting interest" within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Guarantee Trustee and Guarantor shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. Section 4.2 APPOINTMENT, REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF THE GUARANTEE TRUSTEE. (a) Subject to Section 4.2(b), the Guarantee Trustee may be appointed or removed without cause at any time by the Guarantor. (b) The Guarantee Trustee shall not be removed until a Successor Guarantee Trustee has been appointed and has accepted such appointment by written instrument executed by such Successor Guarantee Trustee and delivered to the Guarantor. (c) The Guarantee Trustee appointed hereunder shall hold office until a Successor Guarantee Trustee shall have been appointed or until its removal or resignation. The Guarantee Trustee may resign from office (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by an instrument in writing executed by the Guarantee Trustee and delivered to the Guarantor, which resignation shall not take effect until a Successor Guarantee Trustee has been appointed and has accepted such appointment by instrument in writing executed by such Successor Guarantee Trustee and delivered to the Guarantor and the resigning Guarantee Trustee. (d) If no Successor Guarantee Trustee shall have been appointed and accepted appointment as provided in this Section 4.2 within 60 days after delivery to the Guarantor of an instrument of resignation, the resigning Guarantee Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Guarantor, any court of competent jurisdiction for appointment of a Successor Guarantee Trustee. Such court may thereupon, after prescribing such notice, if any, as it may deem proper, appoint a Successor Guarantee Trustee. 10 ARTICLE V. GUARANTEE Section 5.1 GUARANTEE. The Guarantor irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to pay in full on a subordinated basis to the Holders the Guarantee Payments (without duplication of amounts theretofore paid by or on behalf of the Trust), as and when due, regardless of any defense, right of set-off or counterclaim which the Trust may have or assert other than the defense of payment (the "Guarantee"). The Guarantor's obligation to make a Guarantee Payment may be satisfied by direct payment of the required amounts by the Guarantor to the Holders or by causing the Trust to pay such amounts to the Holders. Section 5.2 WAIVER OF NOTICE AND DEMAND. The Guarantor hereby waives (i) notice of acceptance of the Guarantee and of any liability to which it applies or may apply, (ii) presentment, (iii) demand for payment, (iv) any right to require a proceeding first against the Guarantee Trustee, Trust or any other Person before proceeding against the Guarantor, (v) protest, (vi) notice of nonpayment, (vii) notice of dishonor, (viii) notice of redemption and (ix) all other notices and demands. Section 5.3 OBLIGATIONS NOT AFFECTED. The obligations, covenants, agreements and duties of the Guarantor under this Guarantee Agreement shall in no way be affected or impaired by reason of the happening from time to time of any of the following: (a) the release or waiver, by operation of law or otherwise, of the performance or observance by the Trust of any express or implied agreement, covenant, term or condition relating to the Trust Preferred Securities to be performed or observed by the Trust; (b) the extension of time for the payment by the Trust of all or any portion of the Distributions (other than an extension of time for payment of Distributions that results from the extension of any interest payment period on the Debentures as provided in the Indenture), Redemption Price, Liquidation Distribution or any other sums payable under the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities or the extension of time for the performance of any other obligation under, arising out of, or in connection with, the Trust Preferred Securities; (c) any failure, omission, delay or lack of diligence on the part of the Holders to enforce, assert or exercise any right, privilege, power or remedy conferred on the Holders pursuant to the terms of the Trust Preferred Securities, or any action on the part of the Trust granting indulgence or extension of any kind; 11 (d) the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution, sale of any collateral, receivership, insolvency, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, reorganization, arrangement, composition or readjustment of debt of, or other similar proceedings affecting, the Trust or any of the assets of the Trust; (e) any invalidity of, or defect or deficiency in, the Trust Preferred Securities; (f) the settlement or compromise of any obligation guaranteed hereby or hereby incurred; or (g) any other circumstance whatsoever that might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor, it being the intent of this Section 5.3 that the obligations of the Guarantor hereunder shall be absolute and unconditional under any and all circumstances. There shall be no obligation of the Holders to give notice to, or obtain the consent of, the Guarantor with respect to the happening of any of the foregoing. Section 5.4 RIGHTS OF HOLDERS. The Guarantor expressly acknowledges that: (i) this Guarantee will be deposited with the Guarantee Trustee to be held for the benefit of the Holders; (ii) the Guarantee Trustee has the right to enforce this Guarantee on behalf of the Holders; (iii) the Holders of a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Guarantee Trustee in respect of this Guarantee Agreement or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Guarantee Trustee under this Guarantee Agreement; and (iv) any Holder may institute a legal proceeding directly against the Guarantor to enforce its rights under this Guarantee Agreement, without first instituting a legal proceeding against the Guarantee Trustee, the Trust or any other Person. Section 5.5 GUARANTEE OF PAYMENT. This Guarantee creates a guarantee of payment and not of collection. This Guarantee will not be discharged except by payment of the Guarantee Payments in full (without duplication of amounts theretofore paid by the Trust) or upon distribution of Debentures to Holders as provided in the Trust Agreement. Section 5.6 SUBROGATION. The Guarantor shall be subrogated to all (if any) rights of the Holders against the Trust in respect of any amounts paid to the Holders by the Guarantor under this Guarantee Agreement and shall have the right to waive payment by the Trust pursuant to Section 5.1; provided, however, that the Guarantor shall not (except to the extent required by mandatory provisions of law) be entitled to enforce or exercise any rights 12 which it may acquire by way of subrogation or any indemnity, reimbursement or other agreement, in all cases as a result of payment under this Guarantee, if, at the time of any such payment, any amounts are due and unpaid under this Guarantee. If any amount shall be paid to the Guarantor in violation of the preceding sentence, the Guarantor agrees to hold such amount in trust for the Holders and to pay over such amount to the Holders. Section 5.7 INDEPENDENT OBLIGATIONS. The Guarantor acknowledges that its obligations hereunder are independent of the obligations of the Trust with respect to the Trust Preferred Securities and that the Guarantor shall be liable as principal and as debtor hereunder to make Guarantee Payments pursuant to the terms of this Guarantee Agreement notwithstanding the occurrence of any event referred to in subsections (a) through (g), inclusive, of Section 5.3 hereof. ARTICLE VI. COVENANTS AND SUBORDINATION Section 6.1 SUBORDINATION. The obligations of the Guarantor under this Guarantee will constitute unsecured obligations of the Guarantor and will rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all Senior and Subordinated Debt (as defined in the Indenture) in the same manner as Debentures (as defined in the Trust Agreement). Section 6.2 PARI PASSU GUARANTEES. The obligations of the Guarantor under this Guarantee shall rank pari passu with the obligations of the Guarantor under all Other Guarantees. ARTICLE VII. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE Section 7.1 GUARANTOR MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC., ONLY ON CERTAIN TERMS. The Guarantor shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, and no Person shall consolidate with or merge into the Guarantor or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to the Guarantor, unless: (a) in case the Guarantor shall consolidate with or merge into another Person or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Guarantor is merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases, the 13 properties and assets of the Guarantor substantially as an entirety shall be a corporation, partnership or trust organized and existing under the laws of the United States of America or any State or the District of Columbia, and shall expressly assume the Guarantor's obligations under this Guarantee; (b) immediately after giving effect thereto, no Event of Default, and no event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have happened and be continuing; (c) such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease is permitted under the Trust Agreement and the Indenture and does not give rise to any breach or violation of the Trust Agreement or the Indenture; and (d) the Guarantor has delivered to the Guarantee Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer or lease and assumption of the Guarantor's obligations under this Guarantee Agreement comply with this Article and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with; and the Guarantee Trustee, subject to Section 3.1 hereof, may rely upon such Officers' Certificate and Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that such transaction complies with this Section 7.1. Section 7.2 SUCCESSOR GUARANTOR SUBSTITUTED. Upon any consolidation or merger by the Guarantor with or into any other Person, or any conveyance, transfer or lease by the Guarantor of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any Person in accordance with Section 7.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Guarantor is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Guarantor under this Guarantee Agreement with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Guarantor herein; and in the event of any such conveyance, transfer or lease the Guarantor shall be discharged from all obligations and covenants under this Guarantee Agreement. ARTICLE VIII. TERMINATION Section 8.1 TERMINATION. This Guarantee Agreement shall terminate and be of no further force and effect upon the earliest of (i) full payment of the applicable Redemption Price of all Trust Preferred Securities, (ii) the distribution of Debentures to the Holders in exchange for all of the Trust Preferred Securities or (iii) full payment of the amounts payable in accordance with the Trust Agreement upon liquidation of the Trust. Notwithstanding the foregoing clauses (i) through (iii), this Guarantee Agreement will continue to be effective or will be reinstated if it has been terminated pursuant to one of such clauses 14 (i) through (iii), as the case may be, if at any time any Holder must restore payment of any sums paid with respect to Trust Preferred Securities or this Guarantee Agreement. ARTICLE IX. MISCELLANEOUS Section 9.1 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. All guarantees and agreements contained in this Guarantee Agreement shall bind the successors, assigns, receivers, trustees and representatives of the Guarantor and shall inure to the benefit of the Holders of the Trust Preferred Securities then outstanding. Except in connection with a consolidation, merger or sale involving the Guarantor that is permitted under Article VII hereof and Article VIII of the Indenture, the Guarantor shall not assign its obligations hereunder. Section 9.2 AMENDMENTS. Except with respect to any changes which do not adversely affect the rights of the Holders in any material respect (in which case no vote will be required), this Guarantee Agreement may not be amended without the prior approval of the Holders of not less than a Majority in Liquidation Amount of the Trust Preferred Securities. The provisions of Article VI of the Trust Agreement concerning meetings of the Holders shall apply to the giving of such approval. Section 9.3 NOTICES. Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing, duly signed by the party giving such notice, and delivered, telecopied or mailed by first class mail as follows: (a) if given to the Guarantor, to the address set forth below or such other address, facsimile number or to the attention of such other Person as the Guarantor may give notice to the Holders: First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 401 North 31st Street Billings, Montana 59101 Facsimile No.: Attention: (b) if given to the Trust, in care of the Guarantee Trustee, at the Trust's (and the Guarantee Trustee's) address set forth below or such other address as the Guarantee Trustee on behalf of the Trust may give notice to the Holders: FIB Capital Trust c/o First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. 15 401 North 31st Street Billings, Montana 59101 Facsimile No.: Attention: with a copy to: Wilmington Trust Company 1100 North Market Wilmington, Delaware 19890 Facsimile No.: (302) 651-1000 Attention: Corporate Trust Administration (c) if given to any Holder, at the address set forth on the books and records of the Trust. All notices hereunder shall be deemed to have been given when received in person, telecopied with receipt confirmed, or mailed by first class mail, postage prepaid, except that if a notice or other document is refused delivery or cannot be delivered because of a changed address of which no notice was given, such notice or other document shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date of such refusal or inability to deliver. Section 9.4 BENEFIT. This Guarantee is solely for the benefit of the Holders and is not separately transferable from the Trust Preferred Securities. Section 9.5 INTERPRETATION. In this Guarantee Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: (a) capitalized terms used in this Guarantee Agreement but not defined in the preamble hereto have the respective meanings assigned to them in Section 1.1; (b) a term defined anywhere in this Guarantee Agreement has the same meaning throughout; (c) all references to "the Guarantee Agreement" or "this Guarantee Agreement" are to this Guarantee Agreement as modified, supplemented or amended from time to time; (d) all references in this Guarantee Agreement to Articles and Sections are to Articles and Sections of this Guarantee Agreement unless otherwise specified; 16 (e) a term defined in the Trust Indenture Act has the same meaning when used in this Guarantee Agreement unless otherwise defined in this Guarantee Agreement or unless the context otherwise requires; (f) a reference to the singular includes the plural and vice versa; and (g) the masculine, feminine or neuter genders used herein shall include the masculine, feminine and neuter genders. Section 9.6 GOVERNING LAW. THIS GUARANTEE AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF MONTANA WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAW PRINCIPLES THEREOF PROVIDED THAT THE IMMUNITIES AND STANDARD OF CARE OF THE TRUSTEE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY DELAWARE LAW. Section 9.7 COUNTERPARTS. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which so executed shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. [The Remainder of this Page Intentionally Left Blank.] 17 THIS GUARANTEE AGREEMENT is executed as of the day and year first above written. FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC. By: /s/ Terrill R. Moore ------------------------------------- Name: Terrill R. Moore ----------------------------------- Title: Senior Vice President ---------------------------------- WILMINGTON TRUST COMPANY, as Guarantee Trustee By: /s/ James P. Lawler ------------------------------------- Name: James P. Lawler ----------------------------------- Title: Vice President ---------------------------------- 18 EX-12.1 5 EX 12.1 COMPUTATION OF RATION OF EARNINGS EXHIBIT 12.1 COMPUTATION OF RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES(1) (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year ended December 31, 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EARNINGS: Net income from operations before tax $ 25,855 21,243 17,337 15,734 15,448 Applicable income taxes 15,730 13,351 10,844 9,861 9,321 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Income before taxes 41,585 34,594 28,181 25,595 24,769 Fixed charges: Interest expense excluding interest on deposits 8,060 3,389 2,488 1,391 835 Portion of rents representative of interest 472 492 829 866 - Preferred stock dividends including pre-tax effect 2,004 589 - - - Amortization of trust preferred securities issuance costs 14 - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed charges excluding interest on deposits 10,550 4,470 3,317 2,257 835 Interest on deposits 64,603 46,630 39,458 27,060 26,243 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fixed charges including interest on deposits $ 75,153 51,100 42,775 29,317 27,078 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Earnings excluding interest on deposits $ 52,135 39,064 31,498 27,852 25,604 Earnings including interest on deposits 116,738 85,694 70,956 54,912 51,847 Fixed charges excluding interest on deposits 10,550 4,470 3,317 2,257 835 Fixed charges including interest on deposits 75,153 51,100 42,775 29,317 27,078 RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES: Excluding interest on deposits 4.94x 8.74x 9.50x 12.34x 30.66x Including interest on deposits 1.55x 1.68x 1.66x 1.87x 1.91x - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) For purposes of computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings represents income before income taxes and fixed charges. Fixed charges represent interest expense and preferred stock dividends, which dividends commenced in October 1996 and concluded in October 1997. Deposits include interest-bearing deposits and repurchase agreements. Without including preferred stock dividends in fixed charges and excluding interest on deposits, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 were 5.87x and 9.91x, respectively. Without including preferred stock dividends in fixed charges and including interest on deposits, the ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 were 1.57x and 1.68x, respectively
EX-21.1 6 EX 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF 1ST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF FIRST INTERSTATE BANCSYSTEM, INC.
State of Incorporation or Subsidiary Jurisdiction of Organization Business Name - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ First Interstate Bank(1) (formerly known as First Interstate Bank of Commerce) Montana First Interstate Bank First Interstate Bank(2) (formerly known as First Interstate Bank of Commerce) Wyoming First Interstate Bank Commerce Financial, Inc. Montana Commerce Financial, Inc. FIB Capital Trust Delaware FIB Capital Trust
(1) In June 1997, First Interstate Bank of Montana, N.A. and Mountain Bank of Whitefish, Montana (doing business as First Interstate Bank), prior subsidiaries of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., were merged with and into this subsidiary. In December 1997, First Interstate Bank, fsb, a prior subsidiary of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc. was merged with and into this subsidiary. (2) In June 1997, First Interstate Bank of Wyoming, N.A., a prior subsidiary of First Interstate BancSystem, Inc., was merged with and into this subsidiary.
EX-27.1 7 EXHIBIT 27.1 FDS 10-K
9 THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME INCLUDED AS EXHIBIT 14 TO THE COMPANY'S FORM 10-K AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1,000 YEAR DEC-31-1997 JAN-01-1997 DEC-31-1997 136,025 34,447 58,675 0 188,650 236,953 238,122 1,470,414 28,180 2,234,764 1,805,006 191,966 60,599 31,526 0 0 11,490 134,177 2,234,764 140,083 23,067 2,658 165,808 58,129 72,663 93,145 4,240 89 74,166 41,585 41,585 0 0 25,855 3.07 3.05 5.00 9,681 4,883 928 39,213 27,797 6,951 3,094 28,180 2,584 0 25,596 INCLUDES $40,000 MANDATORILY REDEEMABLE PREFERRED SECURITIES OF SUBSIDIARY TRUST.
EX-27.2 8 EX 27.2 FDS (10-Q 1997)
9 THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME PREVIOUSLY FILED ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE PERIODS INDICATED AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1,000 3-MOS 6-MOS 9-MOS DEC-31-1997 DEC-31-1997 DEC-31-1997 JAN-01-1997 JAN-01-1997 JAN-01-1997 MAR-31-1997 JUN-30-1997 SEP-30-1997 131,878 130,362 170,043 2,033 37 42 27,695 19,275 38,070 0 0 0 98,709 83,479 128,590 268,097 313,452 256,197 284,421 312,081 256,949 1,405,570 1,475,852 1,467,153 28,393 28,757 28,456 2,061,002 2,131,351 2,169,437 1,649,456 1,673,035 1,751,492 168,359 228,710 182,919 29,339 19,497 20,859 64,259 56,184 54,081 0 0 0 20,000 20,000 20,000 8,476 8,350 9,665 121,113 125,575 130,421 2,061,002 2,131,351 2,169,437 33,330 68,233 104,419 5,594 11,289 17,015 237 808 1,206 39,161 80,330 122,640 13,387 27,470 42,269 16,392 34,373 52,670 22,769 45,957 69,970 1,223 2,281 3,288 58 73 72 17,703 35,987 54,376 10,468 21,174 32,414 6,462 13,094 20,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,462 13,094 20,070 0.76 1.54 2.36 0.76 1.54 2.35 4.62 5.07 5.06 6,555 7,750 8,993 7,756 3,769 11,893 380 1,352 1,348 61,378 69,421 73,777 27,797 27,797 27,797 1,361 2,973 4,949 734 1,652 2,320 28,393 28,757 28,456 4,087 3,174 2,599 0 0 0 24,306 25,583 25,857 RETROACTIVELY RESTATED TO GIVE EFFECT OF 4 FOR 1 STOCK SPLIT OCCURRING IN OCTOBER 1997. RETROACTIVELY RESTATED TO GIVE EFFECT OF 4 FOR 1 STOCK SPLIT OCCURRING IN OCTOBER 1997.
EX-27.3 9 EX27.3 FDS (PREVIOUS 10-KS)
9 THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AND CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME PREIOUSLY FILED ON FORMS 10-Q AND 10-K FOR THE PERIODS INDICATED AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. 1,000 6-MOS 9-MOS YEAR DEC-31-1996 DEC-31-1996 DEC-31-1996 JAN-01-1996 JAN-01-1996 JAN-01-1996 JUN-30-1996 SEP-30-1996 DEC-31-1996 89,546 91,620 160,962 1,033 6,035 6,545 12,960 22,555 4,945 0 0 0 67,771 64,583 124,502 179,546 171,407 279,069 177,317 169,820 278,876 940,248 948,091 1,375,479 15,406 15,916 27,797 1,350,478 1,364,052 2,063,837 1,082,487 1,106,807 1,679,424 129,315 110,564 155,658 12,895 13,919 18,027 10,234 10,234 64,667 0 0 0 0 0 20,000 6,038 9,172 8,941 109,509 113,356 117,120 1,350,478 1,364,052 2,063,837 44,600 68,109 99,882 7,429 10,859 16,325 825 1,107 1,718 52,854 80,075 117,925 19,456 29,250 42,122 22,551 33,906 50,019 30,303 46,169 67,906 1,152 1,852 3,844 2 2 18 23,207 35,265 53,395 16,684 25,133 34,594 10,270 15,482 21,243 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,270 15,482 21,243 1.32 1.96 2.65 1.31 1.96 2.64 5.10 5.15 5.15 3,775 4,596 6,822 2,595 3,473 6,432 1,689 1,643 1,763 8,861 16,990 24,579 15,171 15,171 15,171 1,566 2,017 3,758 649 910 1,987 15,406 15,916 27,797 2,312 2,224 2,264 0 0 0 13,094 13,692 25,533 RETROACTIVELY RESTATED TO GIVE EFFECT OF 4 FOR 1 STOCK SPLIT OCCURRING DURING OCTOBER 1997. RETROACTIVELY RESTATED TO GIVE EFFECT OF 4 FOR 1 STOCK SPLIT OCCURRING DURING OCTOBER 1997.
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