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Loans Held for Investment
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans
The following table presents loans by class of receivable and portfolio segment as of the dates indicated:
March 31,
2024
December 31,
2023
Real estate:  
Commercial$9,060.4 $8,869.2 
Construction1,609.2 1,826.5 
Residential2,258.4 2,244.3 
Agricultural719.7 716.8 
Total real estate13,647.7 13,656.8 
Consumer:
Indirect739.9 740.9 
Direct and advance lines136.7 141.6 
Credit card72.6 76.5 
Total consumer949.2 959.0 
Commercial2,922.2 2,906.8 
Agricultural696.0 769.4 
Other, including overdrafts0.2 0.1 
Loans held for investment18,215.3 18,292.1 
Deferred loan fees and costs(12.5)(12.5)
Loans held for investment, net of deferred fees and costs18,202.8 18,279.6 
Allowance for credit losses(227.7)(227.7)
Net loans held for investment$17,975.1 $18,051.9 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables represent, by loan portfolio segments, the activity in the allowance for credit losses for loans held for investment:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Beginning BalanceProvision for (reversal of) Credit Losses
Loans Charged-Off(2)
Recoveries CollectedEnding Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1)
Real estate$160.1 $(4.7)$(3.2)$0.7 $152.9 
Consumer13.0 2.4 (3.8)1.0 12.6 
Commercial50.2 11.2 (4.0)0.6 58.0 
Agricultural4.4 (0.5)— 0.3 4.2 
Total allowance for credit losses$227.7 $8.4 $(11.0)$2.6 $227.7 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Beginning BalanceProvision for (reversal of) Credit Losses
Loans Charged-Off(2)
Recoveries CollectedEnding Balance
Allowance for credit losses (1)
Real estate$138.7 $13.4 $(4.8)$0.2 $147.5 
Consumer23.3 0.7 (3.4)1.2 21.8 
Commercial54.9 (0.8)(0.7)1.0 54.4 
Agricultural3.2 (1.1)— 0.3 2.4 
Total allowance for credit losses$220.1 $12.2 $(8.9)$2.7 $226.1 
(1) Amounts presented exclude the allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments and investment securities. The allowance for credit losses related to unfunded commitments and investment securities are included in the “Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” Note and “Investment Securities” Note, respectively.
(2) Loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses when management believes the collectability of the principal is unlikely, or, with respect to consumer installment loans, according to an established delinquency schedule.
Collateral-Dependent Financial Loans
A collateral-dependent financial loan relies substantially on the operation or sale of the collateral securing the loan for repayment. A loan may become collateral-dependent when foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and its sources of repayment become inadequate over time. At such time, the Company develops an expectation that repayment will be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.
The following tables present the principal balance of collateral-dependent loans by class of receivable as of the dates indicated:
Collateral Type
As of March 31, 2024Business AssetsReal PropertyOtherTotal
Real estate:
Commercial$— $35.2 $— $35.2 
Construction— 16.2 — 16.2 
Residential— 0.5 — 0.5 
Agricultural— 1.1 — 1.1 
Total real estate— 53.0 — 53.0 
Commercial60.6 1.0 0.7 62.3 
Agricultural0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 
Total collateral-dependent loans$61.1 $54.4 $0.9 $116.4 
Collateral Type
As of December 31, 2023Business AssetsReal PropertyOtherTotal
Real estate:
Commercial$— $26.6 $— $26.6 
Construction— 17.0 — 17.0 
Residential— 0.5 — 0.5 
Agricultural— 1.2 — 1.2 
Total real estate— 45.3 — 45.3 
Commercial4.5 1.4 0.7 6.6 
Agricultural0.7 — — 0.7 
Total collateral-dependent loans$5.2 $46.7 $0.7 $52.6 
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans classified in the following table as 90 days or more past due continue to accrue interest. The following tables present the contractual aging of the Company’s recorded principal balance of loans by class of receivable as of the dates indicated:
Total Loans
30 - 5960 - 8990 or more30 or More
DaysDaysDaysDaysCurrentNon-accrualTotal
As of March 31, 2024Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoans
Loans (1)
Loans
Real estate:
Commercial$1.5 $0.2 $— $1.7 $9,021.7 $37.0 $9,060.4 
Construction0.9 1.2 0.1 2.2 1,590.7 16.3 1,609.2 
Residential13.2 0.3 0.9 14.4 2,231.5 12.5 2,258.4 
Agricultural0.1 5.6 — 5.7 709.1 4.9 719.7 
Total real estate15.7 7.3 1.0 24.0 13,553.0 70.7 13,647.7 
Consumer:
Indirect6.1 1.9 0.3 8.3 728.2 3.4 739.9 
Direct0.8 0.4 0.1 1.3 135.0 0.4 136.7 
Credit card0.5 0.2 0.7 1.4 71.2 — 72.6 
Total consumer7.4 2.5 1.1 11.0 934.4 3.8 949.2 
Commercial10.3 0.5 0.8 11.6 2,843.0 67.6 2,922.2 
Agricultural19.1 — 0.1 19.2 646.9 29.9 696.0 
Other, including overdrafts— — — — 0.2 — 0.2 
Loans held for investment$52.5 $10.3 $3.0 $65.8 $17,977.5 $172.0 $18,215.3 

Total Loans
30 - 5960 - 8990 or more30 or More
DaysDaysDaysDaysCurrentNon-accrualTotal
As of December 31, 2023Past DuePast DuePast DuePast DueLoans
Loans (1)
Loans
Real estate:
Commercial$12.7 $6.1 $— $18.8 $8,822.2 $28.2 $8,869.2 
Construction3.1 0.4 — 3.5 1,805.8 17.2 1,826.5 
Residential11.9 3.1 0.6 15.6 2,218.0 10.7 2,244.3 
Agricultural1.8 — — 1.8 709.6 5.4 716.8 
Total real estate29.5 9.6 0.6 39.7 13,555.6 61.5 13,656.8 
Consumer:
Indirect8.0 2.2 0.4 10.6 727.6 2.7 740.9 
Direct0.9 0.2 — 1.1 140.2 0.3 141.6 
Credit card0.7 0.5 0.6 1.8 74.7 — 76.5 
Total consumer9.6 2.9 1.0 13.5 942.5 3.0 959.0 
Commercial14.5 1.1 0.3 15.9 2,879.4 11.5 2,906.8 
Agricultural0.1 — 3.0 3.1 735.9 30.4 769.4 
Other, including overdrafts— — — — 0.1 — 0.1 
Loans held for investment$53.7 $13.6 $4.9 $72.2 $18,113.5 $106.4 $18,292.1 

(1) As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income. Additionally, no material interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were $1.8 million and $0.3 million in reversals of accrued interest during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
Modifications of loans are made in the ordinary course of business and are completed on a case-by-case basis through negotiation with the borrower in connection with the ongoing loan collection processes. Loan modifications are made to provide payment relief to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.
From time to time, we may modify certain loans to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. In some cases, these modifications may result in new loans. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, or a combination thereof, among other things.
The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans, by class and by type of modification, at March 31, 2024 and 2023 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the periods indicated. The percentage of the principal balance of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the principal balance of each class of receivable is also presented below:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionTerm Extension and Interest Rate ReductionTotal
% of Total Class of Loans Held for Investment (1)
Real estate:
Commercial$— $22.7 $— $22.7 0.25 %
Residential— 0.1 — 0.1 — 
Agricultural— 6.1 — 6.1 0.85 
Total real estate— 28.9 — 28.9 0.21 
Commercial— 4.8 5.9 10.7 0.37 
Agricultural— 1.0 — 1.0 0.14 
Loans held for investment (2)
$— $34.7 $5.9 $40.6 0.22 %
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Principal ForgivenessTerm ExtensionTerm Extension and Interest Rate ReductionTotal
% of Total Class of Loans Held for Investment (1)
Real estate:
Commercial$1.6 $3.7 $— $5.3 0.06 %
Construction— 0.2 — 0.2 0.01 
Residential0.1 — — 0.1 — 
Agricultural— 1.2 — 1.2 0.16 
Total real estate1.7 5.1 — 6.8 0.05 
Commercial— 2.6 — 2.6 0.09 
Agricultural— 17.8 — 17.8 2.70 
Loans held for investment (2)
$1.7 $25.5 $— $27.2 0.15 %
(1) Based on the principal balance as of period end, divided by the period end principal balance of the corresponding class of receivables.
(2) As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company excluded $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in accrued interest from the amortized cost of the identified loans.
The following tables present the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Principal ForgivenessWeighted-Average Months of Term ExtensionWeighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Months of Term ExtensionWeighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction
Real estate:
Commercial$— 6.0— %0.0— %
Construction— 0.0— 0.0— 
Residential— 11.0— 0.0— 
Agricultural— 7.0— 0.0— 
Total real estate— 
Commercial— 7.7— 5.01.00 
Agricultural— 3.3— 0.0— 
Loans held for investment (1)
$— 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
Principal ForgivenessWeighted-Average Months of Term ExtensionWeighted-Average Interest Rate ReductionWeighted-Average Months of Term ExtensionWeighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction
Real estate:
Commercial$1.3 6.1— %0.0— %
Construction— 12.4— 0.0— 
Residential0.3 37.6— 0.0— 
Agricultural— 7.2— 0.0— 
Total real estate1.6 
Commercial— 10.9— 0.0— 
Agricultural— 9.3— 0.0— 
Loans held for investment (1)
$1.6 
(1) Balances based on loan original contractual terms.
The Company monitors the performance of loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. Of the loans that were modified during the twelve-months ended March 31, 2024, there were $19.1 million of loans classified as past due 30 days or more, with the remaining loans performing in accordance with the modified terms and are classified as current at March 31, 2024.
There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose terms have been modified during the three months ended March 31, 2024 through either principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, term extension, or other than insignificant payment delay.
There were $2.8 million payment defaults on these loans subsequent to their modifications during the twelve-months ended March 31, 2024. The Company considers a payment default to occur when the loan is 90 days or more past due or the loan is placed on non-accrual status after the modification. The Company monitors the performance of modified loans on an ongoing basis. In the event of subsequent default, the allowance for credit losses continues to be reassessed based on an individual evaluation of each loan. The modifications made during the periods presented did not significantly impact the Company’s determination of the allowance for credit losses.
Credit Quality Indicators
As part of the on-going and continuous monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks internally assigned risk classifications of loans based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt. The factors considered by the Company include, among other factors, the borrower’s current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the credit risk of the loans. This analysis generally includes loans with an outstanding balance greater than $1.0 million, which are generally considered non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial loans and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed no less than on an annual basis, depending upon the size of exposure and the contractual obligations governing the borrower’s financial reporting frequency. Homogeneous loans, including small business loans, are typically monitored by payment performance. The Company internally risk rates its loans in accordance with a Uniform Classification System developed jointly by the various bank regulatory agencies. The Uniform Classification System defines three broad categories of criticized assets, which the Company uses as credit quality indicators in addition to the 6 Pass ratings in its 10-point rating scale:
Special Mention — includes loans that exhibit a potential weakness in financial condition, loan structure, or documentation that warrants management’s close attention. If not promptly corrected, the potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard — includes loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower which have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Although the primary source of repayment for a substandard loan may not currently be sufficient, collateral or other sources of repayment are sufficient to satisfy the debt. Continuance of a substandard loan is not warranted unless positive steps are taken to improve the worthiness of the credit.
Doubtful — includes loans that exhibit pronounced weaknesses based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values to a point where collection or liquidation for full repayment is highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful loans are required to be placed on non-accrual status and are assigned specific loss exposure.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above-described process are considered pass-rated loans.
The Company evaluates the credit quality and loan performance for the allowance for credit losses of the following class of receivables by origination year using the origination date or the loan’s subsequent renewal or modification date based on the aforementioned risk scale as of and for the periods ended:
 As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
Commercial real estate:
Pass$293.8 $1,426.6 $2,041.5 $1,556.0 $1,195.8 $2,232.6 $50.2 $28.0 $8,824.5 
Special mention1.9 8.0 4.5 25.2 6.4 37.5 — — 83.5 
Substandard14.5 25.0 14.7 31.7 10.1 54.2 2.2 — 152.4 
Total$310.2 $1,459.6 $2,060.7 $1,612.9 $1,212.3 $2,324.3 $52.4 $28.0 $9,060.4 
Current-period gross charge-offs— 2.9 — — — — — — 2.9 
Construction real estate:
Pass$67.2 $399.3 $666.6 $271.1 $20.8 $36.9 $111.5 $7.3 $1,580.7 
Special mention1.3 1.4 6.5 — — 0.3 — — 9.5 
Substandard— 0.3 — 0.1 — 0.5 — 5.1 6.0 
Doubtful— — 13.0 — — — — — 13.0 
Total$68.5 $401.0 $686.1 $271.2 $20.8 $37.7 $111.5 $12.4 $1,609.2 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — 0.1 — — — 0.1 
Agricultural real estate:
Pass$26.9 $73.4 $121.9 $125.7 $88.8 $170.9 $30.6 $3.0 $641.2 
Special mention0.3 6.6 4.5 3.3 2.8 13.0 0.2 — 30.7 
Substandard11.3 4.5 25.5 3.8 1.7 0.9 0.1 — 47.8 
Total$38.5 $84.5 $151.9 $132.8 $93.3 $184.8 $30.9 $3.0 $719.7 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial:
Pass$133.4 $455.9 $471.7 $371.1 $200.4 $347.9 $785.6 $0.6 $2,766.6 
Special mention1.7 3.5 4.6 1.7 2.1 2.5 9.6 0.2 25.9 
Substandard10.3 15.5 14.8 8.0 7.6 3.2 18.1 1.6 79.1 
Doubtful1.2 3.3 0.9 0.6 — — 44.6 — 50.6 
Total$146.6 $478.2 $492.0 $381.4 $210.1 $353.6 $857.9 $2.4 $2,922.2 
Current-period gross charge-offs— 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 — 0.6 2.9 4.0 
Agricultural:
Pass$32.8 $86.2 $53.5 $28.2 $19.3 $10.6 $347.8 $4.4 $582.8 
Special mention1.0 3.6 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.3 3.9 — 10.1 
Substandard1.0 46.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 29.9 24.4 — 102.7 
Doubtful— — — 0.4 — — — — 0.4 
Total$34.8 $136.0 $54.5 $29.3 $20.1 $40.8 $376.1 $4.4 $696.0 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
December 31, 2023
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
Commercial real estate:
Pass$1,268.0 $2,065.0 $1,612.2 $1,200.1 $716.5 $1,660.5 $46.5 $28.1 $8,596.9 
Special mention4.2 9.1 42.6 12.9 27.5 17.1 0.3 — 113.7 
Substandard65.4 11.8 18.9 2.4 30.1 28.5 0.2 — 157.3 
Doubtful— — 1.3 — — — — — 1.3 
Total$1,337.6 $2,085.9 $1,675.0 $1,215.4 $774.1 $1,706.1 $47.0 $28.1 $8,869.2 
Current-period gross charge-offs1.7 0.3 1.7 2.6 — 1.3 — — 7.6 
Construction:
Pass$493.7 $735.3 $331.2 $36.7 $16.8 $36.2 $104.4 $13.7 $1,768.0 
Special mention0.5 6.6 1.3 — — 0.2 — 0.9 9.5 
Substandard7.0 4.0 24.4 0.2 — 0.4 — — 36.0 
Doubtful— 13.0 — — — — — — 13.0 
Total$501.2 $758.9 $356.9 $36.9 $16.8 $36.8 $104.4 $14.6 $1,826.5 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — 0.1 — 0.6 — — 9.6 10.3 
Agricultural real estate:
Pass$86.2 $123.7 $126.2 $93.5 $56.7 $124.3 $31.8 $7.0 $649.4 
Special mention2.6 9.5 3.5 1.9 1.5 11.3 0.5 — 30.8 
Substandard8.1 20.8 3.6 2.6 0.4 1.1 — — 36.6 
Total$96.9 $154.0 $133.3 $98.0 $58.6 $136.7 $32.3 $7.0 $716.8 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Commercial:
Pass$481.6 $507.7 $389.8 $215.1 $108.7 $272.9 $762.3 $7.6 $2,745.7 
Special mention7.3 4.7 6.6 3.1 0.9 1.9 14.8 0.2 39.5 
Substandard15.8 19.6 9.0 7.0 1.6 3.0 58.8 0.4 115.2 
Doubtful3.3 1.3 1.6 — — 0.1 0.1 — 6.4 
Total$508.0 $533.3 $407.0 $225.2 $111.2 $277.9 $836.0 $8.2 $2,906.8 
Current-period gross charge-offs0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.1 1.4 0.1 3.4 
Agricultural:
Pass$105.7 $57.7 $31.6 $22.4 $6.1 $7.2 $421.9 $3.4 $656.0 
Special mention2.6 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 9.0 3.1 16.4 
Substandard43.8 0.3 2.7 0.7 28.8 2.2 18.5 — 97.0 
Total$152.1 $58.8 $34.8 $23.3 $35.0 $9.5 $449.4 $6.5 $769.4 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
The Company evaluates the credit quality, loan performance, and the allowance for credit losses of its residential and consumer loan portfolios based primarily on the aging status of the loan and borrower payment activity. Accordingly, loans on nonaccrual status, loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are considered nonperforming for purposes of credit quality evaluation. The following tables present the recorded investment of these loan portfolios based on the credit risk profile of loans that are performing and loans that are nonperforming as of the periods indicated:
 As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2024
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20242023202220212020PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
Residential:
Performing$1.4 $52.0 $401.5 $515.8 $487.4 $293.5 $471.1 $22.3 $2,245.0 
Nonperforming0.1 0.9 2.4 2.3 1.6 6.1 — — 13.4 
Total$1.5 $52.9 $403.9 $518.1 $489.0 $299.6 $471.1 $22.3 $2,258.4 
Current-period gross charge-offs— 0.1 — 0.1 — — — — 0.2 
Consumer indirect:
Performing$66.8 $181.8 $239.3 $104.1 $72.0 $72.2 $— $— $736.2 
Nonperforming— 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.8 — — 3.7 
Total$66.8 $182.4 $240.5 $104.7 $72.5 $73.0 $— $— $739.9 
Current-period gross charge-offs— 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 — — 2.1 
Consumer direct and advance lines:
Performing$13.3 $38.0 $28.8 $15.9 $7.8 $8.2 $24.0 $0.2 $136.2 
Nonperforming0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 — — — — 0.5 
Total$13.4 $38.2 $28.9 $16.0 $7.8 $8.2 $24.0 $0.2 $136.7 
Current-period gross charge-offs— 0.1 0.3 0.1 — 0.5 — — 1.0 
Consumer credit card:
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $71.9 $— $71.9 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 0.7 — 0.7 
Total$— $— $— $— $— $— $72.6 $— $72.6 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — 0.7 — 0.7 
December 31, 2023
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Risk by Collateral20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisRevolving Loans Converted To TermTotal
Residential:
Performing$44.7 $356.9 $521.3 $500.6 $88.5 $217.1 $471.8 $32.1 $2,233.0 
Nonperforming1.1 2.1 1.2 1.1 0.7 5.1 — — 11.3 
Total$45.8 $359.0 $522.5 $501.7 $89.2 $222.2 $471.8 $32.1 $2,244.3 
Current-period gross charge-offs0.3 — 0.1 0.1 — 0.1 — — 0.6 
Consumer indirect:
Performing$194.9 $264.7 $115.4 $81.1 $32.9 $48.8 $— $— $737.8 
Nonperforming0.4 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 — — 3.1 
Total$195.3 $265.6 $116.0 $81.5 $33.1 $49.4 $— $— $740.9 
Current-period gross charge-offs0.5 3.2 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.7 — — 7.3 
Consumer direct and advance lines:
Performing$44.5 $32.9 $18.5 $9.4 $3.6 $6.0 $26.2 $0.2 $141.3 
Nonperforming0.1 0.1 0.1 — — — — — 0.3 
Total$44.6 $33.0 $18.6 $9.4 $3.6 $6.0 $26.2 $0.2 $141.6 
Current-period gross charge-offs0.2 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1 2.6 0.1 — 4.1 
Consumer credit card:
Performing$— $— $— $— $— $— $75.9 $— $75.9 
Nonperforming— — — — — — 0.6 — 0.6 
Total$— $— $— $— $— $— $76.5 $— $76.5 
Current-period gross charge-offs— — — — — — 2.6 — 2.6 
In the normal course of business, there were no material purchases of portfolio loans and no material sales of loans held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.