The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through the management of its business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative financial instruments. The Company enters into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap contracts to manage or hedge exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates and interest rate exposures. The Company does not enter into interest rate swap agreements for trading or speculative purposes.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into interest rate lock commitments to finance residential mortgage loans that are not designated as accounting hedges. These commitments, which contain fixed expiration dates, offer the borrower an interest rate guarantee, provided the loan meets underwriting guidelines, and closes within the timeframe established by the Company. Interest rate risk arises on these commitments and subsequently on closed loans if interest rates change between the time of the interest rate lock and the delivery of the loan to the investor. Loan commitments related to residential mortgage loans intended to be sold are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings. In addition to the effects of the change in market interest rate, the fair value measurement of the derivative also contemplates the expected cash flows to be received from the counterparty from the future sale of the loan.

The Company sells residential mortgage loans on either a best efforts or mandatory delivery basis. The Company mitigates the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing interest rate lock commitments by entering into forward loan sales contracts. The forward loan sales contracts are marked to market through earnings and are not designated as accounting hedges during the interest rate lock commitment period and through the duration of the forward loan sales contracts. Exclusive of the fair value component associated with the projected cash flows from the loan delivery to the investor, the changes in fair value related to movements in market rates of the interest rate lock commitments and the forward loan sales contracts generally move in opposite directions, and the net impact of changes in these valuations on net income during the loan commitment period is generally inconsequential. When the loan is funded to the borrower, the interest rate lock commitment derivative expires, and the Company records a loan held for sale. The forward loan sales contract acts as a hedge against the variability in cash to be received from the loan sale. The changes in measurement of the estimated fair values of the interest rate lock commitments and forward loan sales contracts are included in mortgage banking revenues in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

The Company also enters into certain interest rate swap contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments. These derivative contracts relate to transactions in which the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a client while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with a third-party financial institution. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for the client, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts for the most part offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and collars as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges on the trust preferred securities involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. During 2021 and the first quarter of 2022, such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with the existing variable-rate borrowings (trust preferred securities). The trades that the Company had in place on its trust preferred securities matured during the first and second quarters of 2022.

As part of the Company’s overall asset and liability management strategy, in August 2022, the Company entered into two interest rate collars related to variable-rate loans that were designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional amount of $300.0 million. The collars designated as cash flow hedges synthetically fix the interest income received by the Company when the collar index falls below a floor rate on a rate reset during the term of the collar and when the collar index exceeds the cap rate on a rate reset during the term of the collar without exchange of the underlying notional amount. In October 2022, the Company entered into four forward starting receive-fixed hedges related to pools of variable-rate loans and securities that were designated as cash flow hedges with a total notional amount of $850.0 million. The swaps designated as cash flow hedges synthetically fix the interest income received by the Company once they become effective.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income related to derivatives will be reclassified as interest expense when interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $5.4 million will be reclassified to interest income.

The Company is exposed to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate assets due to changes in benchmark interest rates. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in fair value on these instruments attributable to changes in the designated benchmark interest rate. Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed-rate amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. During 2021, the Company entered into two forward starting, fixed interest rate fair value hedges associated with U.S. Treasury securities. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company terminated the $500.0 million, two-year forward starting, three-year pay-fixed interest rate swap, resulting in a $23.3 million gain. The gain associated with the $500.0 million interest rate swap was to be accreted into income through May 2026. However, the U.S. Treasury securities associated with the swap were sold during the fourth quarter of 2022. As such, the gain was accreted through August 2022 and then in September 2022 the remaining gain was recognized as income. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company terminated the $200.0 million, three-year forward starting, four-year pay fixed interest rate swap, resulting in a $8.5 million gain that will be accreted into income through July 2028.


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment		Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment
Available-for-sale securities	$	191.9	$	8.1	$	695.6	$	(4.4)

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Company provides to certain customers. The Company executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting derivatives that the Company executes with a third party, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate derivatives associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer derivatives and the offsetting derivatives are recognized directly in earnings.

The Company acquired from GWB risk participation agreements under which it assumes credit risk associated with a borrower’s performance related to derivative contracts. The Company only enters into these credit risk participation agreements in instances in which the Company is also a party to the related loan participation agreements for such borrowers. The Company manages its credit risk under risk participation agreements by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrower, based on its normal credit review process.

The following table summarizes the fair values of our derivative instruments on a gross and net basis for the periods indicated. The derivative asset and liability balances are presented on a gross basis, prior to the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the variation margin payments with central clearing organizations have been applied as settlement, as applicable. Total derivative assets and liabilities are adjusted to account for the impact of legally enforceable master netting agreements that allow us to settle all derivative contracts with a single counterparty on a net basis and to offset the net derivative position with the related cash collateral. Securities collateral related to legally enforceable master netting agreements is not offset on the balance sheet.


	December 31, 2022					December 31, 2021
	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Estimated Fair Value		Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Estimated Fair Value

Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate swap contracts	$	550.0		$	3.5	$	700.0		$	4.1

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Interest rate swap contracts	1,728.1			41.6		913.9			22.2
Interest rate lock commitments	—			—		77.3			1.8
Forward loan sales contracts	12.6			0.1		—			—


Derivative assets in the balance sheet	$	2,290.7	Other Assets	$	45.2	$	1,691.2	Other Assets	$	28.1


Derivatives designated as hedges:
Interest rate collars	$	300.0		$	5.4	$	—		$	—
Interest rate swap contracts	300.0			0.3		87.6			0.1

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Interest rate swap contracts	1,728.1			153.9		913.9			18.1
Risk participation agreements	106.1			—		—			—
Interest rate lock commitments	14.8			—		—			—
Forward loan sales contracts	—			—		102.4			—


Derivative liabilities in the balance sheet	$	2,449.0	Accrued Expenses	$	159.6	$	1,103.9	Accrued Expenses	$	18.2

As of December 31, 2022 there was $2.2 million of net unrealized fair value loss on derivative instruments in accumulated other comprehensive loss. There were no material effects of derivative instruments in fair value or cash flow hedge accounting on accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income during the period ended December 31, 2021.


	December 31, 2022
	Gross Assets Recognized		Gross Assets Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Assets in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Interest rate swap and collar contracts	$	45.1	$	—	$	45.1	$	—	$	45.1	$	—
Forward loan sales contracts	0.1		—		0.1		—		—		0.1
Total derivatives	45.2		—		45.2		—		45.1		0.1
Total assets	$	45.2	$	—	$	45.2	$	—	$	45.1	$	0.1

	Gross Liabilities Recognized		Gross Liabilities Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Liabilities in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Interest rate swap and collar contracts	$	159.6	$	—	$	159.6	$	—	$	—	$	159.6
Risk participation agreements	—		—		—		—		—		—
Forward loan sales contracts	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total derivatives	159.6		—		159.6		—		—		159.6
Repurchase agreements	1,052.9		—		1,052.9		—		1,052.9		—
Total liabilities	$	1,212.5	$	—	$	1,212.5	$	—	$	1,052.9	$	159.6


	December 31, 2021
	Gross Assets Recognized		Gross Assets Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Assets in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
Interest rate swap contracts	$	26.3	$	—	$	26.3	$	—	$	8.0	$	18.3
Mortgage related derivatives	1.8		—		1.8		—		—		1.8
Total derivatives	28.1		—		28.1		—		8.0		20.1
Total assets	$	28.1	$	—	$	28.1	$	—	$	8.0	$	20.1

	Gross Liabilities Recognized		Gross Liabilities Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Liabilities in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Posted		Net Amount
Interest rate swap contracts	$	18.2	$	—	$	18.2	$	—	$	—	$	18.2

Total derivatives	18.2		—		18.2		—		—		18.2
Repurchase agreements	1,051.1		—		1,051.1		—		1,051.1		—
Total liabilities	$	1,069.3	$	—	$	1,069.3	$	—	$	1,051.1	$	18.2

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The Company has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well / adequately capitalized institution, then in certain instances the Company could be required to post additional capital and in certain instances the counterparty would have the right to terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements.

As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, was zero related to these agreements. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has not posted excess collateral. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at December 31, 2022, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.