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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

Note 14.  Income Taxes

 

Deferred tax assets are recognized for estimated tax effects that are attributable to deductible temporary differences and tax carryforwards related to tax credits and operating losses. They are realized when existing temporary differences are carried back to a profitable year(s) and/or carried forward to a future year(s) having taxable income. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if an assessment of their components indicates that it is more likely than not that all or some portion of these assets will not be realized. This assessment considers, among other things, cumulative losses; forecasts of future profitability; the duration of statutory carryforward periods; the Company’s experience with loss carryforwards not expiring unused; and tax planning alternatives. In light of the unavailability of net operating loss carrybacks and the Company’s assessment of the factors listed above, it was determined that an allowance against its deferred tax assets was required. Therefore, in accordance with ASC No. 740 (“ASC 740”), “Income Taxes,” the Company maintained a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets. The net valuation allowance was reduced by $8.4 million to offset the Company’s tax expense for the first quarter of 2013. The balance of the deferred tax valuation allowance totaled $250.5 million and $258.9 million at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. To the extent that the Company generates sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize the tax benefits of related deferred tax assets, it will experience a reduction in its effective tax rate during those periods in which the valuation allowance is reversed. For federal purposes, net operating losses can be carried forward 20 years; for state purposes, they can generally be carried forward 10 to 20 years, depending on the taxing jurisdiction. Federal net operating loss carryforwards, if not utilized, will begin to expire in 2031. Tax credit carryforwards can be carried forward 5 years, with expiration dates beginning in 2014.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company’s provision for income tax presented overall effective income tax expense rates of 0.9 percent and 0.0 percent, respectively, primarily due to noncash adjustments to the Company’s deferred tax valuation allowance, which offsets the tax expense or benefits generated during the quarters.