RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES, NET

The following table presents the restructuring and other charges, net that related to each segment in 2018, 2017, and 2016.



	Years ended December 31,
	2018		2017	2016
	(In thousands)
Fleet Management Solutions	$	16,785	2,995	3,550
Dedicated Transportation Solutions	—		771	22
Supply Chain Solutions	7,668		2,278	278
Central Support Services	654		15,361	1,224
Total	$	25,107	21,405	5,074

In 2018, 2017 and 2016, we executed restructuring plans to reduce our workforce in multiple locations as a result of cost containment actions. In the second quarter of 2018, we committed to a plan to shutdown our Singapore business operations and recognized employee termination costs of $4 million. We expect to incur additional restructuring charges related to exiting Singapore business operations in 2019, but we do not expect these charges to be material to our financial statements.

Additionally, in 2018, we incurred $4 million in charges attributable to workforce reductions. During 2018, we recorded an impairment charge of $16 million related to our FMS Europe reporting unit. We also recorded restructuring credits of $4 million related to the gains on the sale of certain U.K. facilities that were closed as part of our December 2017 restructuring activities, and we recorded $4 million of professional fees related to the pursuit of a commercial claim and $2 million of acquisition transaction costs related to the acquisitions of MXD and Metro.

During 2017, we incurred charges of $11 million, related to consulting fees associated with cost-savings programs and restructuring credits of $3 million related to the gains on sales of certain UK facilities that were closed as part of prior year restructuring activities. In 2017 and 2016, our restructuring plans resulted in charges of $13 million and $5 million in each of the respective years. All of these items were included within "Restructuring and other charges, net" in our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

The following table summarizes the activities within, and components of, restructuring liabilities for 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Employee Termination Costs
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	12,333
Workforce reduction charges	5,074
Utilization ⁽¹⁾	(10,129		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	7,278
Workforce reduction charges	13,320
Utilization ⁽¹⁾	(7,524		)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	13,074
Workforce reduction charges	8,366
Utilization ⁽¹⁾	(13,845		)
Balance as of December 31, 2018 ⁽²⁾	$	7,595

_________________

Note: The restructuring liabilities shown above are included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(1) Principally represents cash payments.

(2) The majority of the balance remaining for employee termination costs is expected to be paid by the end of 2019.