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Share-Based Compensation Plans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Share-based incentive awards are provided to employees under the terms of various share-based compensation plans (collectively, the “Plans”). The Plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Awards under the Plans principally include at-the-money stock options, nonvested stock and cash awards.

The following table provides information on share-based compensation expense and income tax benefits recognized during the periods:
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
(In thousands)
Stock option and stock purchase plans
$
2,554

 
2,370

 
$
7,192

 
6,974

Nonvested stock
2,547

 
1,927

 
6,994

 
5,663

Share-based compensation expense
5,101

 
4,297

 
14,186

 
12,637

Income tax benefit
(1,637
)
 
(1,425
)
 
(4,643
)
 
(4,212
)
Share-based compensation expense, net of tax
$
3,464

 
2,872

 
$
9,543

 
8,425



During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, approximately 460,000 and 710,000 stock options, respectively, were granted under the Plans. These awards generally vest evenly over a three year period from the date of grant and have contractual terms of seven years. The fair value of each option award at the date of grant was estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing valuation model. The weighted-average fair value per option granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $14.07 and $12.88, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, approximately 93,000 and 140,000 market-based restricted stock rights, respectively, were granted under the Plans. For the 2012 grant, the awards were segmented into three equal performance periods of one, two and three years. At the end of each performance period, 25%-125% of the award may be earned based on Ryder's total shareholder return (TSR) compared to the target TSR of the S&P 500 over the applicable performance period. Employees will receive the grant of stock at the end of the three year period provided they continue to be employed with Ryder, subject to Compensation Committee approval. For grants prior to 2012, employees only receive the grant of stock if Ryder’s cumulative average TSR at least meets the S&P 500 cumulative average TSR over an applicable three-year period. The fair value of the market-based restricted stock rights was estimated using a lattice-based option-pricing valuation model that incorporates a Monte-Carlo simulation. The fair value of the market-based awards was determined and fixed on the grant date and considers the likelihood of Ryder achieving the market-based condition. The weighted-average fair value per market-based restricted stock right granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $43.39 and $25.37, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, approximately 124,000 and 200,000 time-vested restricted stock rights and restricted stock units (RSU), respectively, were granted under the plans. The time-vested restricted stock rights entitle the holder to shares of common stock when the awards vest at the end of a three-year period. The fair value of the time-vested awards is determined and fixed on the date of grant based on Ryder’s stock price on the date of grant. The weighted-average fair value per time-vested restricted stock right and RSU granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $52.44 and $52.78, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, employees who received market-based restricted stock rights also received market-based cash awards. In addition, in 2012, the majority of the employees who received time-vested restricted stock also received market-based cash awards. For the 2012 grant, the cash awards have the same vesting provisions as the market-based restricted stock rights. For grants prior to 2012, the awards have the same vesting provisions as the market-based restricted stock rights except that Ryder’s TSR must at least meet the TSR of the 33rd percentile of the S&P 500. The cash awards are accounted for as liability awards under the share-based compensation accounting guidance as the awards are based upon the performance of our common stock and are settled in cash. As a result, the liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at the end of each reporting period. The fair value of the cash awards was estimated using a lattice-based option-pricing valuation model that incorporates a Monte-Carlo simulation.

The following table is a summary of compensation expense recognized for cash awards in addition to the share-based compensation expense reported in the previous table:
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2012
 
2011
 
(In thousands)
Cash awards
$737
 
396
 
$2,122
 
1,216


Total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to all share-based compensation arrangements at September 30, 2012 was $33.6 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.