<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?><InstanceReport xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><Version>2.2.0.25</Version><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios><ReportLongName>0201 - Disclosure - Significant Accounting Policies</ReportLongName><DisplayLabelColumn>true</DisplayLabelColumn><ShowElementNames>false</ShowElementNames><RoundingOption /><HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports><Columns><Column><Id>1</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><LabelColumn>false</LabelColumn><CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode><FootnoteIndexer /><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios><MCU><KeyName>1/1/2011 - 3/31/2011
USD ($)

USD ($) / shares
</KeyName><CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol><contextRef><ContextID>Jan-01-2011_Mar-31-2011</ContextID><EntitySchema>http://www.sec.gov/CIK</EntitySchema><EntityValue>0000859139</EntityValue><PeriodDisplayName /><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><PeriodStartDate>2011-01-01T00:00:00</PeriodStartDate><PeriodEndDate>2011-03-31T00:00:00</PeriodEndDate><Segments /><Scenarios /></contextRef><UPS><UnitProperty><UnitID>USD</UnitID><UnitType>Standard</UnitType><StandardMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace></StandardMeasure><Scale>0</Scale></UnitProperty><UnitProperty><UnitID>USDEPS</UnitID><UnitType>Divide</UnitType><NumeratorMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace></NumeratorMeasure><DenominatorMeasure><MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema><MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue><MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace></DenominatorMeasure><Scale>0</Scale></UnitProperty></UPS><CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode><OriginalCurrencyCode>USD</OriginalCurrencyCode></MCU><CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol><Labels><Label Id="1" Label="3 Months Ended" /><Label Id="2" Label="Mar. 31, 2011" /></Labels></Column></Columns><Rows><Row><Id>2</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle><Level>0</Level><ElementName>us-gaap_NewAccountingPronouncementsAndChangesInAccountingPrinciplesAbstract</ElementName><ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsTuple>false</IsTuple><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><PreferredLabelRole /><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText /><NonNumericTextHeader /><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios></Cell></Cells><OriginalInstanceReportColumns /><Unit>Other</Unit><ElementDataType>xbrli:stringItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><IsEPS>false</IsEPS><Label>Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]</Label></Row><Row><Id>3</Id><IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle><Level>0</Level><ElementName>dfg_SignificantAccountingPolicyTextBlock</ElementName><ElementPrefix>dfg</ElementPrefix><IsBaseElement>false</IsBaseElement><BalanceType>na</BalanceType><PeriodType>duration</PeriodType><ShortDefinition>Description of the basis of accounting used to prepare the financial statements (for example, U.S. Generally Accepted...</ShortDefinition><IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle><IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle><IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd><IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle><IsTuple>false</IsTuple><IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow><IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow><IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance><IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance><IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign><PreferredLabelRole>verboselabel</PreferredLabelRole><FootnoteIndexer /><Cells><Cell><Id>1</Id><IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric><IsRatio>false</IsRatio><DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone><NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount><RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount><NonNumbericText>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note 1 - dfg:SignificantAccountingPolicyTextBlock--&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"&gt;
   &lt;!-- xbrl,ns --&gt;
   &lt;!-- xbrl,nx --&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left"&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;
   &lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note A &amp;#8212;Significant Accounting Policies&lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;The financial statements of Delphi Financial Group, Inc. (the &amp;#8220;Company,&amp;#8221; which term includes the
   Company and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise) included herein
   were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
   (&amp;#8220;GAAP&amp;#8221;) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article&amp;#160;10 of
   Regulation&amp;#160;S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by
   GAAP for complete financial statements. The information furnished includes all adjustments and
   accruals of a normal recurring nature, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a
   fair presentation of results for the interim periods. Certain reclassifications have been made in
   the March&amp;#160;31, 2010 consolidated financial statements to conform to the March&amp;#160;31, 2011 presentation.
   In addition, as discussed below under the caption &amp;#8220;Accounting Changes,&amp;#8221; certain 2010 financial
   information has been restated as a result of the Company&amp;#8217;s adoption of a new accounting principle.
   Operating results for the three months ended March&amp;#160;31, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the
   results that may be expected for the year ended December&amp;#160;31, 2011. For further information refer
   to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company&amp;#8217;s annual
   report on Form 10-K for the year ended December&amp;#160;31, 2010 (the &amp;#8220;2010 Form&amp;#160;10-K&amp;#8221;). Capitalized terms
   used herein without definition have the meanings ascribed to them in the 2010 Form 10-K.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Accounting Changes&lt;/i&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;The Company defers costs relating to the acquisition of new
   insurance business, such as commissions, certain costs associated with policy issuance and
   underwriting and certain sales support expenses, when incurred. On January&amp;#160;1, 2011, the Company adopted, on a retrospective basis, guidance issued by the Financial
   Accounting Standards Board (&amp;#8220;FASB&amp;#8221;) limiting the extent to which an insurer may capitalize costs
   incurred in the acquisition of an insurance contract. The guidance provides that, in order to be
   capitalized, such costs must be incremental and directly related to the acquisition of a new or
   renewal insurance contract. Insurers may only capitalize costs related to successful efforts in
   attaining a contract and advertising costs may only be capitalized if certain direct response
   advertising criteria are met. As a result of its adoption, the
   Company made an after-tax reduction to its retained earnings at January&amp;#160;1, 2010 in the amount of
   $60.0&amp;#160;million, net of an income tax benefit of $32.3&amp;#160;million, which represents the net reduction in
   deferred policy acquisition cost included in cost of business acquired on the consolidated balance
   sheet. In addition, this adoption resulted in the restatement of certain financial information for
   2010.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;On January&amp;#160;1, 2011, the Company adopted new guidance issued by the FASB clarifying that an
   insurance company should not consider any separate account interests in an investment to be the
   insurer&amp;#8217;s own interests and should not combine those interests with any interest of its general
   account in the same investment when assessing the investment for consolidation. Insurance
   companies are also required to consider a separate account as a subsidiary for purposes of
   evaluating whether the application of specialized accounting for investments in consolidation is
   appropriate. The adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated
   financial position or results of operations.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;On January&amp;#160;1, 2011, the Company adopted new guidance issued by the FASB requiring additional
   disclosures regarding fair value measurements. The guidance applies to all entities that are
   required to make disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair value measurements and requires
   separate disclosure of the activity in the Level 3 category related to purchases, sales, issuances
   and settlements on a gross basis. The requirement is effective for fiscal years beginning after
   December&amp;#160;15, 2010 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance
   did not have any effect on the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"&gt;In December&amp;#160;2010, the FASB issued
   guidance providing
   clarification relating to the testing of goodwill for impairment for entities carrying goodwill as an asset which have one or more reporting units
   whose carrying amount for purposes of performing the first step of the goodwill impairment test is zero or
   negative. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform the second step  of the goodwill
   impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining
   whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider
   whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. This
   guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning
   after December&amp;#160;15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance did not have any effect on the Company&amp;#8217;s consolidated
   financial position or results of operations.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- Folio --&gt;
   &lt;!-- /Folio --&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- PAGEBREAK --&gt;
   &lt;div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"&gt;
   &lt;b&gt;
   &lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
</NonNumbericText><NonNumericTextHeader>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note</NonNumericTextHeader><FootnoteIndexer /><CurrencyCode /><CurrencySymbol /><IsIndependantCurrency>false</IsIndependantCurrency><ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol><DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat><hasSegments>false</hasSegments><hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios></Cell></Cells><OriginalInstanceReportColumns /><Unit>Other</Unit><ElementDataType>us-types:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType><SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType><ElementDefenition>Description of the basis of accounting used to prepare the financial statements (for example, U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Represents disclosure of any changes in an accounting principle, including a change from one generally accepted accounting principle to another generally accepted accounting principle when there are two or more generally accepted accounting principles that apply or when the accounting principle formerly used is no longer generally accepted. Also disclose any change in the method of applying an accounting principle, or any change in an accounting principle required by a new pronouncement in the unusual instance that a new pronouncement does not include specific transition provisions.</ElementDefenition><ElementReferences>No authoritative reference available.</ElementReferences><IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel><IsEPS>false</IsEPS><Label>Significant Accounting Policies</Label></Row></Rows><Footnotes /><NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols><NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows><ReportName>Significant Accounting Policies</ReportName><MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel><SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel><PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel><ExchangeRateRoundingLevel>UnKnown</ExchangeRateRoundingLevel><HasCustomUnits>false</HasCustomUnits><SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded></InstanceReport>
