Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Apr. 25, 2020

Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):



	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	April 25, 2020		April 27, 2019		April 25, 2020		April 27, 2019
Cost of sales—product	$	23	$	22	$	69	$	67
Cost of sales—service	37		32		107		96
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales	60		54		176		163
Research and development	148		135		440		398
Sales and marketing	125		124		371		386
General and administrative	49		63		164		190
Restructuring and other charges	5		3		18		45
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses	327		325		993		1,019
Total share-based compensation expense	$	387	$	379	$	1,169	$	1,182
Income tax benefit for share-based compensation	$	81	$	98	$	321	$	389

Summary of Restricted Stock and Stock Unit Activity

A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):



	Restricted Stock/ Stock Units		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Aggregate Fair Value
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018	119		$	30.56
Granted	45		47.71
Vested	(50	)	29.25		$	2,446
Canceled/forfeited/other	(14	)	32.01
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019	100		38.66
Granted	31		41.70
Vested	(31	)	33.64		$	1,448
Canceled/forfeited/other	(8	)	40.30
UNVESTED BALANCE AT APRIL 25, 2020	92		$	41.14