Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 25, 2020

Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	January 25, 2020		January 26, 2019		January 25, 2020		January 26, 2019
Cost of sales—product	$	23	$	22	$	46	$	45
Cost of sales—service	36		31		70		64
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales	59		53		116		109
Research and development	146		133		292		263
Sales and marketing	119		125		246		262
General and administrative	55		65		115		127
Restructuring and other charges	5		19		13		42
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses	325		342		666		694
Total share-based compensation expense	$	384	$	395	$	782	$	803
Income tax benefit for share-based compensation	$	109	$	126	$	240	$	291

Summary of Restricted Stock and Stock Unit Activity

A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):



	Restricted Stock/ Stock Units		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Aggregate Fair Value
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018	119		$	30.56
Granted	45		47.71
Vested	(50	)	29.25		$	2,446
Canceled/forfeited/other	(14	)	32.01
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019	100		38.66
Granted	28		42.09
Vested	(25	)	33.28		$	1,207
Canceled/forfeited/other	(5	)	39.29
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JANUARY 25, 2020	98		$	40.94