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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Oct. 26, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
October 26, 2019
 
October 27, 2018
Cost of sales—product
$
23

 
$
23

Cost of sales—service
34

 
33

Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales
57

 
56

Research and development
146

 
130

Sales and marketing
127

 
137

General and administrative
60

 
62

Restructuring and other charges
8

 
23

Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses
341

 
352

Total share-based compensation expense
$
398

 
$
408

Income tax benefit for share-based compensation
$
131

 
$
165
Summary of Share-Based Awards Available for Grant
A summary of share-based awards available for grant is as follows (in millions):
 
Share-Based Awards
Available for Grant
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018
245

Restricted stock, stock units, and other share-based awards granted
(67
)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired
18

Shares withheld for taxes and not issued
23

Other
1

BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019
220

Restricted stock, stock units, and other share-based awards granted
(13
)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired
4

Shares withheld for taxes and not issued
5

BALANCE AT OCTOBER 26, 2019
216
Summary of Restricted Stock and Stock Unit Activity
A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
 
Restricted Stock/
Stock Units
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair
Value per Share
 
Aggregate Fair  Value
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018
119

 
$
30.56

 
 
Granted
45

 
47.71

 
 
Vested
(50
)
 
29.25

 
$
2,446

Canceled/forfeited/other
(14
)
 
32.01

 
 
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019
100

 
38.66

 
 
Granted
8

 
44.56

 
 
Vested
(12
)
 
29.71

 
$
551

Canceled/forfeited/other
(3
)
 
38.57

 
 
UNVESTED BALANCE AT OCTOBER 26, 2019
93

 
$
40.28

 
 
Schedule of Assumptions Used The assumptions for the valuation of time-based RSUs and PRSUs are summarized as follows:
 
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
 
PERFORMANCE BASED
RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
Three Months Ended
October 26, 2019
 
October 27, 2018
 
October 26, 2019
 
October 27, 2018
Number of shares granted (in millions)
6

 
6

 
2

 
2

Grant date fair value per share
$
45.97

 
$
44.32

 
$
41.91

 
$
47.00

Weighted-average assumptions/inputs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Expected dividend yield
2.8
%
 
2.8
%
 
2.8
%
 
2.8
%
   Range of risk-free interest rates
1.7% - 2.0%

 
2.1% - 2.9%

 
1.7% - 2.0%

 
2.1% - 3.0%

   Range of expected volatilities for index
N/A

 
N/A

 
13.7% - 69.0%

 
13.0%-65.2%