Segment Information and Major Customers


(a)	Revenue and Gross Margin by Segment

We conduct business globally and are primarily managed on a geographic basis consisting of three segments: the Americas, EMEA, and APJC. Our management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from our internal management system. Sales are attributed to a segment based on the ordering location of the customer. We do not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to our segments in this internal management system because management does not include the information in our measurement of the performance of the operating segments. In addition, we do not allocate amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, significant litigation settlements and other contingencies, charges related to asset impairments and restructurings, and certain other charges to the gross margin for each segment because management does not include this information in our measurement of the performance of the operating segments.

Summarized financial information by segment for the second quarter and the first six months of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, based on our internal management system and as utilized by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), is as follows (in millions):



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	January 26, 2019			January 27, 2018			January 26, 2019			January 27, 2018
Revenue:
Americas	$	7,352		$	7,004		$	15,103		$	14,354
EMEA	3,223			3,062			6,447			5,971
APJC	1,872			1,820			3,968			3,698
Total	$	12,446		$	11,887		$	25,518		$	24,023
Gross margin:
Americas	$	4,796		$	4,614		$	9,866		$	9,336
EMEA	2,070			1,977			4,141			3,816
APJC	1,109			1,094			2,309			2,259
Segment total	7,975			7,685			16,316			15,411
Unallocated corporate items	(202		)	(187		)	(397		)	(486		)
Total	$	7,773		$	7,498		$	15,919		$	14,925

Amounts may not sum and percentages may not recalculate due to rounding.

Revenue in the United States was $6.4 billion and $6.1 billion for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively, and $13.3 billion and $12.6 billion for the first six months of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.


(b)	Revenue for Groups of Similar Products and Services

We design, manufacture, and sell Internet Protocol (IP)-based networking and other products related to the communications and information technology (IT) industry and provide services associated with these products and their use.

The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products and services (in millions):



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	January 26, 2019		January 27, 2018		January 26, 2019		January 27, 2018
Revenue:
Infrastructure Platforms	$	7,128	$	6,710	$	14,770	$	13,690
Applications	1,465		1,184		2,884		2,387
Security	658		557		1,308		1,142
Other Products	22		258		200		544
Total Product	9,273		8,709		19,163		17,763
Services	3,173		3,178		6,355		6,260
Total⁽¹⁾	$	12,446	$	11,887	$	25,518	$	24,023

⁽¹⁾ Includes SPVSS business revenue of $0 and $230 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $168 million and $478 million for the first six months of fiscal 2019 and fiscal 2018, respectively.


(c)	Additional Segment Information

The majority of our assets was attributable to our U.S. operations as of each of January 26, 2019 and July 28, 2018.

Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):



	January 26, 2019		July 28, 2018
Property and equipment, net:
United States	$	2,394	$	2,487
International	537		519
Total	$	2,931	$	3,006