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Investments (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Apr. 28, 2018
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Summary of Available-for-Sale Investments
The following tables summarize the Company’s available-for-sale investments (in millions):
April 28, 2018
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
13,672

 
$
—

 
$
(141
)
 
$
13,531

U.S. government agency securities
1,166

 
—

 
(10
)
 
1,156

Non-U.S. government and agency securities
282

 
—

 
(1
)
 
281

Corporate debt securities
29,639

 
53

 
(454
)
 
29,238

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
2,009

 
—

 
(73
)
 
1,936

Commercial paper
195

 
—

 
—

 
195

Certificates of deposit
50

 
—

 
—

 
50

Total fixed income securities
47,013

 
53

 
(679
)
 
46,387

Publicly traded equity securities
843

 
486

 
(4
)
 
1,325

Total (1)
$
47,856

 
$
539

 
$
(683
)
 
$
47,712


July 29, 2017
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
19,880

 
$
3

 
$
(60
)
 
$
19,823

U.S. government agency securities
2,057

 
—

 
(5
)
 
2,052

Non-U.S. government and agency securities
389

 
—

 
(1
)
 
388

Corporate debt securities
31,626

 
202

 
(93
)
 
31,735

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
2,037

 
3

 
(17
)
 
2,023

Commercial paper
996

 
—

 
—

 
996

Certificates of deposit
60

 
—

 
—

 
60

Total fixed income securities
57,045

 
208

 
(176
)
 
57,077

Publicly traded equity securities
1,180

 
554

 
(27
)
 
1,707

Total (1)
$
58,225

 
$
762

 
$
(203
)
 
$
58,784

(1) Includes investments that were pending settlement as of the respective fiscal years. The net unsettled investment purchases (sales) were $(7) million and $(30) million as of April 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
Gross Realized Gains and Gross Realized Losses Related to Available-for-Sale Investment
The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to available-for-sale investments (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
April 28, 2018
 
April 29, 2017
 
April 28, 2018
 
April 29, 2017
Gross realized gains
$
101

 
$
43

 
$
333

 
$
91

Gross realized losses
(84
)
 
(119
)
 
(225
)
 
(182
)
Total
$
17

 
$
(76
)
 
$
108

 
$
(91
)
The following table presents the realized net gains (losses) related to available-for-sale investments by security type (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
April 28, 2018
 
April 29, 2017
 
April 28, 2018
 
April 29, 2017
Net gains (losses) on investments in publicly traded equity securities
$
56

 
$
(59
)
 
$
239

 
$
(50
)
Net gains (losses) on investments in fixed income securities
(39
)
 
(17
)
 
(131
)
 
(41
)
Total
$
17

 
$
(76
)
 
$
108

 
$
(91
)
Available-for-Sale Investments with Gross Unrealized Losses
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration that those losses had been unrealized at April 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017 (in millions):
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
 
TOTAL
April 28, 2018
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities 
$
7,585

 
$
(99
)
 
$
5,508

 
$
(42
)
 
$
13,093

 
$
(141
)
U.S. government agency securities
473

 
(5
)
 
682

 
(5
)
 
1,155

 
(10
)
Non-U.S. government and agency securities
110

 
—

 
171

 
(1
)
 
281

 
(1
)
Corporate debt securities
18,094

 
(348
)
 
3,706

 
(106
)
 
21,800

 
(454
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
1,104

 
(32
)
 
827

 
(41
)
 
1,931

 
(73
)
Total fixed income securities
27,366

 
(484
)

10,894


(195
)

38,260


(679
)
Publicly traded equity securities
41

 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
41

 
(4
)
Total
$
27,407

 
$
(488
)
 
$
10,894

 
$
(195
)
 
$
38,301

 
$
(683
)
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
 
TOTAL
July 29, 2017
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities 
$
14,962

 
$
(55
)
 
$
771

 
$
(5
)
 
$
15,733

 
$
(60
)
U.S. government agency securities
1,791

 
(4
)
 
130

 
(1
)
 
1,921

 
(5
)
Non-U.S. government and agency securities
368

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
368

 
(1
)
Corporate debt securities
9,487

 
(92
)
 
101

 
(1
)
 
9,588

 
(93
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
1,485

 
(16
)
 
38

 
(1
)
 
1,523

 
(17
)
Total fixed income securities
28,093

 
(168
)
 
1,040

 
(8
)
 
29,133

 
(176
)
Publicly traded equity securities
122

 
(27
)
 
—

 
—

 
122

 
(27
)
Total
$
28,215

 
$
(195
)
 
$
1,040

 
$
(8
)
 
$
29,255

 
$
(203
)
Maturities of Fixed Income Securities
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities as of April 28, 2018 (in millions): 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Less than 1 year
$
13,959

 
$
13,908

Due in 1 to 2 years
10,521

 
10,414

Due in 2 to 5 years
18,552

 
18,230

Due after 5 years
1,972

 
1,900

Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity
2,009

 
1,935

Total
$
47,013

 
$
46,387
Carrying Value of Investments
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):
 
 
April 28,
2018
 
July 29,
2017
Inventories:
 
 
 
 
Raw materials
 
$
459

 
$
289

Work in Process
 
—

 
1

Finished goods:
 
 
 
 
Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales
 
476

 
451

Manufactured finished goods
 
659

 
552

Total finished goods
 
1,135

 
1,003

Service-related spares
 
273

 
300

Demonstration systems
 
33

 
23

Total
 
$
1,900

 
$
1,616

For such investments that were accounted for under the equity and cost method as of April 28, 2018 and July 29, 2017, the amounts are summarized in the following table (in millions):
 
April 28, 2018
 
July 29, 2017
Equity method investments
$
118

 
$
124

Cost method investments
851

 
859

Total
$
969

 
$
983