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Investments (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jan. 27, 2018
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Summary of Available-for-Sale Investments
The following tables summarize the Company’s available-for-sale investments (in millions):
January 27, 2018
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
17,506

 
$
—

 
$
(140
)
 
$
17,366

U.S. government agency securities
1,722

 
—

 
(10
)
 
1,712

Non-U.S. government and agency securities
340

 
—

 
(1
)
 
339

Corporate debt securities
31,508

 
80

 
(233
)
 
31,355

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
2,106

 
—

 
(49
)
 
2,057

Commercial paper
1,414

 
—

 
—

 
1,414

Certificates of deposit
196

 
—

 
—

 
196

Total fixed income securities
54,792

 
80

 
(433
)
 
54,439

Publicly traded equity securities
924

 
697

 
(1
)
 
1,620

Total (1)
$
55,716

 
$
777

 
$
(434
)
 
$
56,059


July 29, 2017
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities
$
19,880

 
$
3

 
$
(60
)
 
$
19,823

U.S. government agency securities
2,057

 
—

 
(5
)
 
2,052

Non-U.S. government and agency securities
389

 
—

 
(1
)
 
388

Corporate debt securities
31,626

 
202

 
(93
)
 
31,735

U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
2,037

 
3

 
(17
)
 
2,023

Commercial paper
996

 
—

 
—

 
996

Certificates of deposit
60

 
—

 
—

 
60

Total fixed income securities
57,045

 
208

 
(176
)
 
57,077

Publicly traded equity securities
1,180

 
554

 
(27
)
 
1,707

Total (1)
$
58,225

 
$
762

 
$
(203
)
 
$
58,784

(1) Includes investments that were pending settlement as of the respective fiscal years. The net unsettled investment purchases (sales) were $(3) million and $(30) million as of January 27, 2018 and July 29, 2017, respectively.
Gross Realized Gains and Gross Realized Losses Related to Available-for-Sale Investment
The following table presents the gross realized gains and gross realized losses related to available-for-sale investments (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
January 27, 2018
 
January 28, 2017
 
January 27, 2018
 
January 28, 2017
Gross realized gains
$
165

 
$
18

 
$
232

 
$
48

Gross realized losses
(107
)
 
(48
)
 
(141
)
 
(63
)
Total
$
58

 
$
(30
)
 
$
91

 
$
(15
)

The following table presents the realized net gains (losses) related to available-for-sale investments by security type (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
January 27, 2018
 
January 28, 2017
 
January 27, 2018
 
January 28, 2017
Net gains (losses) on investments in publicly traded equity securities
$
154

 
$
4

 
$
183

 
$
9

Net gains (losses) on investments in fixed income securities
(96
)
 
(34
)
 
(92
)
 
(24
)
Total
$
58

 
$
(30
)
 
$
91

 
$
(15
)
Available-for-Sale Investments with Gross Unrealized Losses
The following tables present the breakdown of the available-for-sale investments with gross unrealized losses and the duration that those losses had been unrealized at January 27, 2018 and July 29, 2017 (in millions):
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
 
TOTAL
January 27, 2018
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities 
$
11,553

 
$
(96
)
 
$
5,804

 
$
(44
)
 
$
17,357

 
$
(140
)
U.S. government agency securities
1,152

 
(5
)
 
559

 
(5
)
 
1,711

 
(10
)
Non-U.S. government and agency securities
136

 
—

 
203

 
(1
)
 
339

 
(1
)
Corporate debt securities
16,003

 
(146
)
 
4,287

 
(87
)
 
20,290

 
(233
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
1,161

 
(19
)
 
876

 
(30
)
 
2,037

 
(49
)
Total fixed income securities
30,005

 
(266
)

11,729


(167
)

41,734


(433
)
Publicly traded equity securities
10

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
10

 
(1
)
Total
$
30,015

 
$
(267
)
 
$
11,729

 
$
(167
)
 
$
41,744

 
$
(434
)
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
LESS THAN 12 MONTHS
 
UNREALIZED LOSSES
12 MONTHS OR GREATER
 
TOTAL
July 29, 2017
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses
Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government securities 
$
14,962

 
$
(55
)
 
$
771

 
$
(5
)
 
$
15,733

 
$
(60
)
U.S. government agency securities
1,791

 
(4
)
 
130

 
(1
)
 
1,921

 
(5
)
Non-U.S. government and agency securities
368

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
368

 
(1
)
Corporate debt securities
9,487

 
(92
)
 
101

 
(1
)
 
9,588

 
(93
)
U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities
1,485

 
(16
)
 
38

 
(1
)
 
1,523

 
(17
)
Total fixed income securities
28,093

 
(168
)
 
1,040

 
(8
)
 
29,133

 
(176
)
Publicly traded equity securities
122

 
(27
)
 
—

 
—

 
122

 
(27
)
Total
$
28,215

 
$
(195
)
 
$
1,040

 
$
(8
)
 
$
29,255

 
$
(203
)
Maturities of Fixed Income Securities
The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s fixed income securities as of January 27, 2018 (in millions): 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Less than 1 year
$
15,881

 
$
15,847

Due in 1 to 2 years
12,267

 
12,188

Due in 2 to 5 years
22,095

 
21,926

Due after 5 years
2,443

 
2,421

Mortgage-backed securities with no single maturity
2,106

 
2,057

Total
$
54,792

 
$
54,439
Carrying Value of Investments
The following tables provide details of selected balance sheet items (in millions):
 
 
January 27,
2018
 
July 29,
2017
Inventories:
 
 
 
 
Raw materials
 
$
385

 
$
289

Work in Process
 
—

 
1

Finished goods:
 
 
 

Distributor inventory and deferred cost of sales
 
465

 
451

Manufactured finished goods
 
727

 
552

Total finished goods
 
1,192

 
1,003

Service-related spares
 
292

 
300

Demonstration systems
 
27

 
23

Total
 
$
1,896

 
$
1,616

For such investments that were accounted for under the equity and cost method as of January 27, 2018 and July 29, 2017, the amounts are summarized in the following table (in millions):
 
January 27, 2018
 
July 29, 2017
Equity method investments
$
121

 
$
124

Cost method investments
861

 
859

Total
$
982

 
$
983