Financing Receivables and Operating Leases


(a)	Financing Receivables

Financing receivables primarily consist of lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other. Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products and are typically collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Loan receivables represent financing arrangements related to the sale of the Company’s products and services, which may include additional funding for other costs associated with network installation and integration of the Company’s products and services. Lease receivables consist of arrangements with terms of four years on average, while loan receivables generally have terms of up to three years. The financed service contracts and other category includes financing receivables related to technical support and advanced services, software, and receivables related to financing of certain indirect costs associated with leases. Revenue related to the technical support services is typically deferred and included in deferred service revenue and is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are to be performed, which typically ranges from one to three years.

A summary of the Company's financing receivables is presented as follows (in millions):



April 29, 2017	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Gross	$	2,792		$	2,659		$	4,096		$	9,547
Residual value	175			—			—			175
Unearned income	(146		)	—			—			(146		)
Allowance for credit loss	(220		)	(117		)	(32		)	(369		)
Total, net	$	2,601		$	2,542		$	4,064		$	9,207
Reported as:
Current	$	1,257		$	1,224		$	2,158		$	4,639
Noncurrent	1,344			1,318			1,906			4,568
Total, net	$	2,601		$	2,542		$	4,064		$	9,207



July 30, 2016	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Gross	$	3,272		$	2,135		$	3,370		$	8,777
Residual value	202			—			—			202
Unearned income	(174		)	—			—			(174		)
Allowance for credit loss	(230		)	(97		)	(48		)	(375		)
Total, net	$	3,070		$	2,038		$	3,322		$	8,430
Reported as:
Current	$	1,490		$	988		$	1,794		$	4,272
Noncurrent	1,580			1,050			1,528			4,158
Total, net	$	3,070		$	2,038		$	3,322		$	8,430

As of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, the deferred service revenue related to "Financed Service Contracts and Other" was $1,965 million and $1,716 million, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments to the Company on lease receivables as of April 29, 2017 are summarized as follows (in millions):



Fiscal Year	Amount
2017 (remaining three months)	$	350
2018	1,227
2019	704
2020	361
2021	135
Thereafter	15
Total	$	2,792

Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.


(b)	Credit Quality of Financing Receivables

Gross receivables, excluding residual value, less unearned income categorized by the Company’s internal credit risk rating as of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016 are summarized as follows (in millions):



	INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
April 29, 2017	1 to 4		5 to 6		7 and Higher		Total
Lease receivables	$	1,404	$	1,161	$	81	$	2,646
Loan receivables	1,493		990		176		2,659
Financed service contracts and other	2,771		1,305		20		4,096
Total	$	5,668	$	3,456	$	277	$	9,401



	INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
July 30, 2016	1 to 4		5 to 6		7 and Higher		Total
Lease receivables	$	1,703	$	1,294	$	101	$	3,098
Loan receivables	986		967		182		2,135
Financed service contracts and other	2,077		1,271		22		3,370
Total	$	4,766	$	3,532	$	305	$	8,603

The Company determines the adequacy of its allowance for credit loss by assessing the risks and losses inherent in its financing receivables by portfolio segment. The portfolio segment is based on the types of financing offered by the Company to its customers, which consist of the following: lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other.

The Company’s internal credit risk ratings of 1 through 4 correspond to investment-grade ratings, while credit risk ratings of 5 and 6 correspond to non-investment grade ratings. Credit risk ratings of 7 and higher correspond to substandard ratings.

In circumstances when collectibility is not deemed reasonably assured, the associated revenue is deferred in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies, and the related allowance for credit loss, if any, is included in deferred revenue. The Company also records deferred revenue associated with financing receivables when there are remaining performance obligations, as it does for financed service contracts. Total allowances for credit loss and deferred revenue as of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016 were $2,362 million and $2,112 million, respectively, and they were associated with total financing receivables before allowances for credit loss of $9,576 million and $8,805 million as of their respective period ends.

The following tables present the aging analysis of gross receivables, excluding residual value and less unearned income as of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016 (in millions):



	DAYS PAST DUE (INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
April 29, 2017	31-60		61-90		91+		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccrual Financing Receivables		Impaired Financing Receivables
Lease receivables	$	131	$	110	$	275	$	516	$	2,130	$	2,646	$	52	$	52
Loan receivables	31		28		61		120		2,539		2,659		59		59
Financed service contracts and other	244		129		425		798		3,298		4,096		31		11
Total	$	406	$	267	$	761	$	1,434	$	7,967	$	9,401	$	142	$	122



	DAYS PAST DUE (INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
July 30, 2016	31-60		61-90		91+		Total Past Due		Current		Total		Nonaccrual Financing Receivables		Impaired Financing Receivables
Lease receivables	$	111	$	25	$	251	$	387	$	2,711	$	3,098	$	60	$	60
Loan receivables	30		9		37		76		2,059		2,135		42		42
Financed service contracts and other	213		152		565		930		2,440		3,370		30		10
Total	$	354	$	186	$	853	$	1,393	$	7,210	$	8,603	$	132	$	112

Past due financing receivables are those that are 31 days or more past due according to their contractual payment terms. The data in the preceding tables is presented by contract, and the aging classification of each contract is based on the oldest outstanding receivable, and therefore past due amounts also include unbilled and current receivables within the same contract. The balances of either unbilled or current financing receivables included in the category of 91 days plus past due for financing receivables were $318 million and $670 million as of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively.

As of April 29, 2017, the Company had financing receivables of $425 million, net of unbilled or current receivables, that were in the category of 91 days plus past due but remained on accrual status as they are well secured and in the process of collection. Such balance was $144 million as of July 30, 2016.


(c)	Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward

The allowances for credit loss and the related financing receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three months ended April 29, 2017	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables		Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Allowance for credit loss as of January 28, 2017	$	225		$	106	$	47		$	378
Provisions	3			10		(14		)	(1		)
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(8		)	—		(1		)	(9		)
Foreign exchange and other	—			1		—			1
Allowance for credit loss as of April 29, 2017	$	220		$	117	$	32		$	369



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Nine months ended April 29, 2017	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 30, 2016	$	230		$	97		$	48		$	375
Provisions	1			22			(15		)	8
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(10		)	(4		)	(1		)	(15		)
Foreign exchange and other	(1		)	2			—			1
Allowance for credit loss as of April 29, 2017	$	220		$	117		$	32		$	369



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three months ended April 30, 2016	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables		Financed Service Contracts and Other		Total
Allowance for credit loss as of January 23, 2016	$	248		$	80	$	37	$	365
Provisions	7			8		2		17
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(6		)	—		—		(6		)
Foreign exchange and other	1			5		1		7
Allowance for credit loss as of April 30, 2016	$	250		$	93	$	40	$	383



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Nine months ended April 30, 2016	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables		Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 25, 2015	$	259		$	87	$	36		$	382
Provisions	3			2		7			12
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(10		)	—		(4		)	(14		)
Foreign exchange and other	(2		)	4		1			3
Allowance for credit loss as of April 30, 2016	$	250		$	93	$	40		$	383

The Company assesses the allowance for credit loss related to financing receivables on either an individual or a collective basis. The Company considers various factors in evaluating lease and loan receivables and the earned portion of financed service contracts for possible impairment on an individual basis. These factors include the Company’s historical experience, credit quality and age of the receivable balances, and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. When the evaluation indicates that it is probable that all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the financing agreement, including scheduled interest payments, are unable to be collected, the financing receivable is considered impaired. All such outstanding amounts, including any accrued interest, will be assessed and fully reserved at the customer level. The Company’s internal credit risk ratings are categorized as 1 through 10, with the lowest credit risk rating representing the highest quality financing receivables.

Typically, the Company also considers receivables with a risk rating of 8 or higher to be impaired and will include them in the individual assessment for allowance. These balances, as of April 29, 2017 and July 30, 2016, are presented under “(b) Credit Quality of Financing Receivables” above.

The Company evaluates the remainder of its financing receivables portfolio for impairment on a collective basis and records an allowance for credit loss at the portfolio segment level. When evaluating the financing receivables on a collective basis, the Company uses expected default frequency rates published by a major third-party credit-rating agency as well as its own historical loss rate in the event of default, while also systematically giving effect to economic conditions, concentration of risk, and correlation.


(d)	Operating Leases

The Company provides financing of certain equipment through operating leases, and the amounts are included in property and equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts relating to equipment on operating lease assets and the associated accumulated depreciation are summarized as follows (in millions):



	April 29, 2017			July 30, 2016
Operating lease assets	$	322		$	296
Accumulated depreciation	(187		)	(161		)
Operating lease assets, net	$	135		$	135

Minimum future rentals on noncancelable operating leases as of April 29, 2017 are summarized as follows (in millions):



Fiscal Year	Amount
2017 (remaining three months)	$	53
2018	157
2019	81
2020	23
2021	5
Thereafter	2
Total	$	321