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Financing Receivables and Operating Leases
6 Months Ended
Jan. 28, 2017
Receivables [Abstract]  
Financing Receivables and Operating Leases
Financing Receivables and Operating Leases
(a)
Financing Receivables
Financing receivables primarily consist of lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other. Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products and are typically collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Loan receivables represent financing arrangements related to the sale of the Company’s products and services, which may include additional funding for other costs associated with network installation and integration of the Company’s products and services. Lease receivables consist of arrangements with terms of four years on average, while loan receivables generally have terms of up to three years. The financed service contracts and other category includes financing receivables related to technical support and advanced services, software, and receivables related to financing of certain indirect costs associated with leases. Revenue related to the technical support services is typically deferred and included in deferred service revenue and is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are to be performed, which typically ranges from one to three years.
A summary of the Company's financing receivables is presented as follows (in millions):
January 28, 2017
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Gross
$
2,967

 
$
2,369

 
$
4,165

 
$
9,501

Residual value
191

 

 

 
191

Unearned income
(154
)
 

 

 
(154
)
Allowance for credit loss
(225
)
 
(106
)
 
(47
)
 
(378
)
Total, net
$
2,779

 
$
2,263

 
$
4,118

 
$
9,160

Reported as:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
1,419

 
$
1,040

 
$
2,037

 
$
4,496

Noncurrent
1,360

 
1,223

 
2,081

 
4,664

Total, net
$
2,779

 
$
2,263

 
$
4,118

 
$
9,160

July 30, 2016
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Gross
$
3,272

 
$
2,135

 
$
3,370

 
$
8,777

Residual value
202

 

 

 
202

Unearned income
(174
)
 

 

 
(174
)
Allowance for credit loss
(230
)
 
(97
)
 
(48
)
 
(375
)
Total, net
$
3,070

 
$
2,038

 
$
3,322

 
$
8,430

Reported as:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
1,490

 
$
988

 
$
1,794

 
$
4,272

Noncurrent
1,580

 
1,050

 
1,528

 
4,158

Total, net
$
3,070

 
$
2,038

 
$
3,322

 
$
8,430


As of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016, the deferred service revenue related to "Financed Service Contracts and Other" was $1,922 million and $1,716 million, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments to the Company on lease receivables as of January 28, 2017 are summarized as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
Amount
2017 (remaining six months)
$
768

2018
1,141

2019
656

2020
300

2021
95

Thereafter
7

Total
$
2,967


Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.
(b)
Credit Quality of Financing Receivables
Gross receivables, excluding residual value, less unearned income categorized by the Company’s internal credit risk rating as of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016 are summarized as follows (in millions):
 
INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
January 28, 2017
1 to 4
 
5 to 6
 
7 and Higher
 
Total
Lease receivables
$
1,505

 
$
1,209

 
$
99

 
$
2,813

Loan receivables
1,259

 
934

 
176

 
2,369

Financed service contracts and other
2,756

 
1,355

 
54

 
4,165

Total
$
5,520

 
$
3,498

 
$
329

 
$
9,347

 
INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
July 30, 2016
1 to 4
 
5 to 6
 
7 and Higher
 
Total
Lease receivables
$
1,703

 
$
1,294

 
$
101

 
$
3,098

Loan receivables
986

 
967

 
182

 
2,135

Financed service contracts and other
2,077

 
1,271

 
22

 
3,370

Total
$
4,766

 
$
3,532

 
$
305

 
$
8,603


The Company determines the adequacy of its allowance for credit loss by assessing the risks and losses inherent in its financing receivables by portfolio segment. The portfolio segment is based on the types of financing offered by the Company to its customers, which consist of the following: lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other.
The Company’s internal credit risk ratings of 1 through 4 correspond to investment-grade ratings, while credit risk ratings of 5 and 6 correspond to non-investment grade ratings. Credit risk ratings of 7 and higher correspond to substandard ratings.
In circumstances when collectibility is not deemed reasonably assured, the associated revenue is deferred in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies, and the related allowance for credit loss, if any, is included in deferred revenue. The Company also records deferred revenue associated with financing receivables when there are remaining performance obligations, as it does for financed service contracts. Total allowances for credit loss and deferred revenue as of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016 were $2,327 million and $2,112 million, respectively, and they were associated with total financing receivables before allowances for credit loss of $9,538 million and $8,805 million as of their respective period ends.
The following tables present the aging analysis of gross receivables, excluding residual value and less unearned income as of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016 (in millions):
 
DAYS PAST DUE
(INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January 28, 2017
31-60
 
61-90 
 
91+
 
Total
Past Due
 
Current
 
Total
 
Nonaccrual
Financing
Receivables
 
Impaired
Financing
Receivables
Lease receivables
$
106

 
$
55

 
$
237

 
$
398

 
$
2,415

 
$
2,813

 
$
66

 
$
66

Loan receivables
34

 
24

 
67

 
125

 
2,244

 
2,369

 
56

 
56

Financed service contracts and other
111

 
225

 
494

 
830

 
3,335

 
4,165

 
29

 
9

Total
$
251

 
$
304

 
$
798

 
$
1,353

 
$
7,994

 
$
9,347

 
$
151

 
$
131

 
DAYS PAST DUE
(INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
July 30, 2016
31-60
 
61-90 
 
91+
 
Total
Past Due
 
Current
 
Total
 
Nonaccrual
Financing
Receivables
 
Impaired
Financing
Receivables
Lease receivables
$
111

 
$
25

 
$
251

 
$
387

 
$
2,711

 
$
3,098

 
$
60

 
$
60

Loan receivables
30

 
9

 
37

 
76

 
2,059

 
2,135

 
42

 
42

Financed service contracts and other
213

 
152

 
565

 
930

 
2,440

 
3,370

 
30

 
10

Total
$
354

 
$
186

 
$
853

 
$
1,393

 
$
7,210

 
$
8,603

 
$
132

 
$
112


Past due financing receivables are those that are 31 days or more past due according to their contractual payment terms. The data in the preceding tables is presented by contract, and the aging classification of each contract is based on the oldest outstanding receivable, and therefore past due amounts also include unbilled and current receivables within the same contract. The balances of either unbilled or current financing receivables included in the category of 91 days plus past due for financing receivables were $444 million and $670 million as of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016, respectively.
As of January 28, 2017, the Company had financing receivables of $316 million, net of unbilled or current receivables, that were in the category of 91 days plus past due but remained on accrual status as they are well secured and in the process of collection. Such balance was $144 million as of July 30, 2016.
(c)
Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward
The allowances for credit loss and the related financing receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):
 
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three months ended January 28, 2017
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Allowance for credit loss as of October 29, 2016
$
227

 
$
111

 
$
48

 
$
386

Provisions
2

 

 
(1
)
 
1

Recoveries (write-offs), net
(2
)
 
(4
)
 

 
(6
)
Foreign exchange and other
(2
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(3
)
Allowance for credit loss as of January 28, 2017
$
225

 
$
106

 
$
47

 
$
378


 
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Six months ended January 28, 2017
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 30, 2016
$
230

 
$
97

 
$
48

 
$
375

Provisions
(2
)
 
12

 
(1
)
 
9

Recoveries (write-offs), net
(2
)
 
(4
)
 

 
(6
)
Foreign exchange and other
(1
)
 
1

 

 

Allowance for credit loss as of January 28, 2017
$
225

 
$
106

 
$
47

 
$
378


 
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three months ended January 23, 2016
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Allowance for credit loss as of October 24, 2015
$
255

 
$
90

 
$
33

 
$
378

Provisions
(4
)
 
(10
)
 
5

 
(9
)
Recoveries (write-offs), net

 

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Foreign exchange and other
(3
)
 

 

 
(3
)
Allowance for credit loss as of January 23, 2016
$
248

 
$
80

 
$
37

 
$
365



 
CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Six months ended January 23, 2016
Lease
Receivables
 
Loan
Receivables
 
Financed Service
Contracts and Other
 
Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 25, 2015
$
259

 
$
87

 
$
36

 
$
382

Provisions
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
5

 
(5
)
Recoveries (write-offs), net
(4
)
 

 
(4
)
 
(8
)
Foreign exchange and other
(3
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(4
)
Allowance for credit loss as of January 23, 2016
$
248

 
$
80

 
$
37

 
$
365


The Company assesses the allowance for credit loss related to financing receivables on either an individual or a collective basis. The Company considers various factors in evaluating lease and loan receivables and the earned portion of financed service contracts for possible impairment on an individual basis. These factors include the Company’s historical experience, credit quality and age of the receivable balances, and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. When the evaluation indicates that it is probable that all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the financing agreement, including scheduled interest payments, are unable to be collected, the financing receivable is considered impaired. All such outstanding amounts, including any accrued interest, will be assessed and fully reserved at the customer level. The Company’s internal credit risk ratings are categorized as 1 through 10, with the lowest credit risk rating representing the highest quality financing receivables.
Typically, the Company also considers receivables with a risk rating of 8 or higher to be impaired and will include them in the individual assessment for allowance. These balances, as of January 28, 2017 and July 30, 2016, are presented under “(b) Credit Quality of Financing Receivables” above.
The Company evaluates the remainder of its financing receivables portfolio for impairment on a collective basis and records an allowance for credit loss at the portfolio segment level. When evaluating the financing receivables on a collective basis, the Company uses expected default frequency rates published by a major third-party credit-rating agency as well as its own historical loss rate in the event of default, while also systematically giving effect to economic conditions, concentration of risk, and correlation.
(d)
Operating Leases
The Company provides financing of certain equipment through operating leases, and the amounts are included in property and equipment in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts relating to equipment on operating lease assets and the associated accumulated depreciation are summarized as follows (in millions):
 
January 28, 2017
 
July 30, 2016
Operating lease assets
$
297

 
$
296

Accumulated depreciation
(169
)
 
(161
)
Operating lease assets, net
$
128

 
$
135


Minimum future rentals on noncancelable operating leases as of January 28, 2017 are summarized as follows (in millions):
Fiscal Year
Amount
2017 (remaining six months)
$
123

2018
168

2019
76

2020
14

2021
5

Thereafter
2

Total
$
388