
7.	Financing Receivables and Guarantees


(a)	Financing Receivables

Financing receivables primarily consist of lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other. Lease receivables represent sales-type and direct-financing leases resulting from the sale of the Company’s and complementary third-party products and are typically collateralized by a security interest in the underlying assets. Loan receivables represent financing arrangements related to the sale of the Company’s products and services, which may include additional funding for other costs associated with network installation and integration of the Company’s products and services. Lease receivables consist of arrangements with terms of four years on average, while loan receivables generally have terms of up to three years. The financed service contracts and other category includes financing receivables related to technical support and advanced services, as well as receivables related to financing of certain indirect costs associated with leases. Revenue related to the technical support services is typically deferred and included in deferred service revenue and is recognized ratably over the period during which the related services are to be performed, which typically ranges from one to three years.

A summary of the Company’s financing receivables is presented as follows (in millions):



April 26, 2014	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total Financing Receivables
Gross	$	3,783		$	1,621		$	2,810		$	8,214
Unearned income	(246		)	—			—			(246		)
Allowance for credit loss	(249		)	(92		)	(19		)	(360		)
Total, net	$	3,288		$	1,529		$	2,791		$	7,608
Reported as:
Current	$	1,480		$	814		$	1,777		$	4,071
Noncurrent	1,808			715			1,014			3,537
Total, net	$	3,288		$	1,529		$	2,791		$	7,608



July 27, 2013	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total Financing Receivables
Gross	$	3,780		$	1,649		$	3,136		$	8,565
Unearned income	(273		)	—			—			(273		)
Allowance for credit loss	(238		)	(86		)	(20		)	(344		)
Total, net	$	3,269		$	1,563		$	3,116		$	7,948
Reported as:
Current	$	1,418		$	898		$	1,721		$	4,037
Noncurrent	1,851			665			1,395			3,911
Total, net	$	3,269		$	1,563		$	3,116		$	7,948

As of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013, the deferred service revenue related to the financed service contracts and other was $1,592 million and $2,036 million, respectively.

Contractual maturities of the gross lease receivables at April 26, 2014 are summarized as follows (in millions):



Fiscal Year	Amount
2014 (remaining three months)	$	589
2015	1,471
2016	971
2017	524
2018	194
Thereafter	34
Total	$	3,783

Actual cash collections may differ from the contractual maturities due to early customer buyouts, refinancings, or defaults.


(b)	Credit Quality of Financing Receivables

Financing receivables categorized by the Company’s internal credit risk rating as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013 are summarized as follows (in millions):



	INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
April 26, 2014	1 to 4		5 to 6		7 and Higher		Total		Residual Value		Gross Receivables, Net of Unearned Income
Lease receivables	$	1,604	$	1,557	$	133	$	3,294	$	243	$	3,537
Loan receivables	894		595		132		1,621		—		1,621
Financed service contracts and other	1,569		1,160		81		2,810		—		2,810
Total	$	4,067	$	3,312	$	346	$	7,725	$	243	$	7,968



	INTERNAL CREDIT RISK RATING
July 27, 2013	1 to 4		5 to 6		7 and Higher		Total		Residual Value		Gross Receivables, Net of Unearned Income
Lease receivables	$	1,681	$	1,482	$	93	$	3,256	$	251	$	3,507
Loan receivables	842		777		30		1,649		—		1,649
Financed service contracts and other	1,876		1,141		119		3,136		—		3,136
Total	$	4,399	$	3,400	$	242	$	8,041	$	251	$	8,292

The Company determines the adequacy of its allowance for credit loss by assessing the risks and losses inherent in its financing receivables by portfolio segment. The portfolio segment is based on the types of financing offered by the Company to its customers, which consist of the following: lease receivables, loan receivables, and financed service contracts and other.

The Company’s internal credit risk ratings of 1 through 4 correspond to investment-grade ratings, while credit risk ratings of 5 and 6 correspond to non-investment grade ratings. Credit risk ratings of 7 and higher correspond to substandard ratings.

In circumstances when collectibility is not deemed reasonably assured, the associated revenue is deferred in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies, and the related allowance for credit loss, if any, is included in deferred revenue. The Company also records deferred revenue associated with financing receivables when there are remaining performance obligations, as it does for financed service contracts. Total allowances for credit loss and deferred revenue as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013 were $1,989 million and $2,453 million, respectively, and they were associated with financing receivables (net of unearned income) of $7,968 million and $8,292 million as of their respective period ends.

The following tables present the aging analysis of financing receivables as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013 (in millions):



	DAYS PAST DUE (INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
April 26, 2014	31-60		61-90		91+		Total Past Due		Current		Gross Receivables, Net of Unearned Income		Nonaccrual Financing Receivables		Impaired Financing Receivables
Lease receivables	$	83	$	41	$	165	$	289	$	3,248	$	3,537	$	67	$	54
Loan receivables	5		6		15		26		1,595		1,621		8		8
Financed service contracts and other	228		96		239		563		2,247		2,810		11		8
Total	$	316	$	143	$	419	$	878	$	7,090	$	7,968	$	86	$	70



	DAYS PAST DUE (INCLUDES BILLED AND UNBILLED)
July 27, 2013	31-60		61-90		91+		Total Past Due		Current		Gross Receivables, Net of Unearned Income		Nonaccrual Financing Receivables		Impaired Financing Receivables
Lease receivables	$	85	$	48	$	124	$	257	$	3,250	$	3,507	$	27	$	22
Loan receivables	6		3		11		20		1,629		1,649		11		9
Financed service contracts and other	75		48		392		515		2,621		3,136		18		11
Total	$	166	$	99	$	527	$	792	$	7,500	$	8,292	$	56	$	42

Past due financing receivables are those that are 31 days or more past due according to their contractual payment terms. The data in the preceding tables are presented by contract, and the aging classification of each contract is based on the oldest outstanding receivable, and therefore past due amounts also include unbilled and current receivables within the same contract. The balances of either unbilled or current financing receivables included in the category of 91 days plus past due for financing receivables were $295 million and $406 million as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013, respectively.

As of April 26, 2014, the Company had financing receivables of $88 million, net of unbilled or current receivables from the same contract, that were in the category of 91 days plus past due but remained on accrual status. Such balance was $87 million as of July 27, 2013. A financing receivable may be placed on nonaccrual status earlier if, in management’s opinion, a timely collection of the full principal and interest becomes uncertain.


(c)	Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward

The allowances for credit loss and the related financing receivables are summarized as follows (in millions):



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three Months Ended April 26, 2014	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Allowance for credit loss as of January 25, 2014	$	254		$	98		$	22		$	374
Provisions	(6		)	(10		)	(2		)	(18		)
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(1		)	4			(1		)	2
Foreign exchange and other	2			—			—			2
Allowance for credit loss as of April 26, 2014	$	249		$	92		$	19		$	360
Gross receivables as of April 26, 2014, net of unearned income	$	3,537		$	1,621		$	2,810		$	7,968



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Nine Months Ended April 26, 2014	Lease Receivables		Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other			Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 27, 2013	$	238	$	86		$	20		$	344
Provisions	9		5			—			14
Recoveries (write-offs), net	—		4			(1		)	3
Foreign exchange and other	2		(3		)	—			(1		)
Allowance for credit loss as of April 26, 2014	$	249	$	92		$	19		$	360



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Three Months Ended April 27, 2013	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other		Total
Allowance for credit loss as of January 26, 2013	$	247		$	101		$	13	$	361
Provisions	30			8			6		44
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(29		)	(15		)	—		(44		)
Foreign exchange and other	(3		)	(1		)	—		(4		)
Allowance for credit loss as of April 27, 2013	$	245		$	93		$	19	$	357
Gross receivables as of April 27, 2013, net of unearned income	$	3,478		$	1,671		$	2,924	$	8,073



	CREDIT LOSS ALLOWANCES
Nine Months Ended April 27, 2013	Lease Receivables			Loan Receivables			Financed Service Contracts and Other		Total
Allowance for credit loss as of July 28, 2012	$	247		$	122		$	11	$	380
Provisions	27			(15		)	8		20
Recoveries (write-offs), net	(29		)	(15		)	—		(44		)
Foreign exchange and other	—			1			—		1
Allowance for credit loss as of April 27, 2013	$	245		$	93		$	19	$	357

The Company assesses the allowance for credit loss related to financing receivables on either an individual or a collective basis. The Company considers various factors in evaluating lease and loan receivables and the earned portion of financed service contracts for possible impairment on an individual basis. These factors include the Company’s historical experience, credit quality and age of the receivable balances, and economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. When the evaluation indicates that it is probable that all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the financing agreement, including scheduled interest payments, are unable to be collected, the financing receivable is considered impaired. All such outstanding amounts, including any accrued interest, will be assessed and fully reserved at the customer level. The Company’s internal credit risk ratings are categorized as 1 through 10, with the lowest credit risk rating representing the highest quality financing receivables.

Typically, the Company also considers receivables with a risk rating of 8 or higher to be impaired and will include them in the individual assessment for allowance. These balances, as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013, are presented under “(b) Credit Quality of Financing Receivables” above.

The Company evaluates the remainder of its financing receivables portfolio for impairment on a collective basis and records an allowance for credit loss at the portfolio segment level. When evaluating the financing receivables on a collective basis, the Company uses expected default frequency rates published by a major third-party credit-rating agency as well as its own historical loss rate in the event of default, while also systematically giving effect to economic conditions, concentration of risk, and correlation.


(d)	Financing Guarantees

In the ordinary course of business, the Company provides financing guarantees for various third-party financing arrangements extended to channel partners and end-user customers. Payments under these financing guarantee arrangements were not material for the periods presented.

Channel Partner Financing Guarantees The Company facilitates arrangements for third-party financing extended to channel partners, consisting of revolving short-term financing, generally with payment terms ranging from 60 to 90 days. These financing arrangements facilitate the working capital requirements of the channel partners, and, in some cases, the Company guarantees a portion of these arrangements. The volume of channel partner financing was $5.8 billion for each of the three months ended April 26, 2014 and April 27, 2013, respectively. The volume of channel partner financing was $17.9 billion and $17.2 billion for the nine months ended April 26, 2014 and April 27, 2013, respectively. The balance of the channel partner financing subject to guarantees was $1.1 billion and $1.4 billion as of April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013, respectively.

End-User Financing Guarantees The Company also provides financing guarantees for third-party financing arrangements extended to end-user customers related to leases and loans, which typically have terms of up to three years. The volume of financing provided by third parties for leases and loans as to which the Company had provided guarantees was $44 million and $38 million for the three months ended April 26, 2014 and April 27, 2013, respectively, and was $89 million and $137 million for the nine months ended April 26, 2014 and April 27, 2013, respectively.

Financing Guarantee Summary The aggregate amounts of financing guarantees outstanding at April 26, 2014 and July 27, 2013, representing the total maximum potential future payments under financing arrangements with third parties along with the related deferred revenue, are summarized in the following table (in millions):



	April 26, 2014			July 27, 2013
Maximum potential future payments relating to financing guarantees:
Channel partner	$	247		$	438
End user	229			237
Total	$	476		$	675
Deferred revenue associated with financing guarantees:
Channel partner	$	(132	)	$	(225	)
End user	(198		)	(191		)
Total	$	(330	)	$	(416	)
Maximum potential future payments relating to financing guarantees, net of associated deferred revenue	$	146		$	259