Segment Information and Major Customers


(a)	Revenue and Gross Margin by Segment

The Company conducts business globally and is primarily managed on a geographic basis consisting of three segments: the Americas; EMEA; and APJC. The Company’s management makes financial decisions and allocates resources based on the information it receives from its internal management system. Sales are attributed to a segment based on the ordering location of the customer. The Company does not allocate research and development, sales and marketing, or general and administrative expenses to its segments in this internal management system because management does not include the information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments. In addition, the Company does not allocate amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, impacts to cost of sales from purchase accounting adjustments to inventory, charges related to asset impairments and restructurings, significant litigation settlements, and other charges to the gross margin for each segment because management does not include this information in its measurement of the performance of the operating segments.

Summarized financial information by segment for fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, based on the Company’s internal management system and as utilized by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), is as follows (in millions):



Years Ended	July 27, 2013			July 28, 2012			July 30, 2011
Revenue:
Americas	$	28,639		$	26,501		$	25,015
EMEA	12,210			12,075			11,604
APJC	7,758			7,485			6,599
Total	$	48,607		$	46,061		$	43,218
Gross margin:
Americas	$	17,887		$	16,639		$	15,766
EMEA	7,876			7,605			7,452
APJC	4,637			4,519			4,143
Segment total	30,400			28,763			27,361
Unallocated corporate items	(960		)	(554		)	(825		)
Total	$	29,440		$	28,209		$	26,536

Revenue in the United States, which is included in the Americas, was $24.6 billion, $22.6 billion, and $21.5 billion for fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.


(b)	Revenue for Groups of Similar Products and Services

The Company designs, manufactures, and sells Internet Protocol IP-based networking and other products related to the communications and IT industry, and provides services associated with these products and their use. The Company groups its products and technologies into the following categories: Switching, NGN Routing, Service Provider Video, Collaboration, Wireless, Data Center, Security, and Other Products. These products, primarily integrated by Cisco IOS Software, link geographically dispersed local-area networks (LANs), metropolitan-area networks (MANs), and wide-area networks (WANs). The Company has made certain reclassifications to the prior period amounts to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The following table presents revenue for groups of similar products and services (in millions):



Years Ended	July 27, 2013		July 28, 2012		July 30, 2011
Revenue:
Switching	$	14,741	$	14,589	$	14,177
NGN Routing	8,230		8,382		8,186
Service Provider Video	4,852		3,861		3,515
Collaboration	3,956		4,193		4,072
Wireless	2,166		1,659		1,400
Data Center	2,073		1,298		696
Security	1,347		1,341		1,191
Other	664		1,003		1,289
Product	38,029		36,326		34,526
Service	10,578		9,735		8,692
Total	$	48,607	$	46,061	$	43,218


(c)	Additional Segment Information

The majority of the Company’s assets, excluding cash and cash equivalents and investments, as of July 27, 2013 and July 28, 2012 were attributable to its U.S. operations. The Company’s total cash and cash equivalents and investments held by various foreign subsidiaries were $40.4 billion and $42.5 billion as of July 27, 2013 and July 28, 2012, respectively, and the remaining $10.2 billion and $6.2 billion at the respective fiscal year ends was available in the United States. In fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue.

Property and equipment information is based on the physical location of the assets. The following table presents property and equipment information for geographic areas (in millions):



	July 27, 2013		July 28, 2012		July 30, 2011
Property and equipment, net:
United States	$	2,780	$	2,842	$	3,284
International	542		560		632
Total	$	3,322	$	3,402	$	3,916