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Income Taxes (Notes)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted tax legislation referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act) which significantly changes U.S. corporate income tax laws beginning, generally, in 2018. These changes include, among others, (i) a permanent reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from a top marginal rate of 35% to a flat rate of 21%, (ii) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax, (iii) immediate deductions for certain new investments instead of deductions for depreciation expense over time, (iv) limitation on the tax deduction for interest expense to 30% of adjusted taxable income, (v) limitation of the deduction for net operating losses to 80% of current year taxable income and elimination of net operating loss carrybacks, and (vi) elimination of many business deductions and credits, including the domestic production activities deduction, the deduction for entertainment expenditures, and the deduction for certain executive compensation in excess of $1 million. The Company included the impacts of the Tax Act in the fourth quarter 2017 consolidated financial statements, and no changes were made to those provisional amounts during the first quarter 2018. The Company will continue to examine the impact of this legislation and future regulations. Additional impacts from the enactment of the Tax Act will be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB No. 118, which extends up to one year from the enactment date. The first quarter 2018 tax provision reflects the law changes noted above, including the new corporate tax rate of 21%.
Income tax expense decreased $23.6 million due to a lower effective tax rate and slightly lower pre tax income. The effective tax rates for the first three months of 2018 and 2017 were 25.3% and 37.4%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the impact of the Tax Act law changes that were effective January 1, 2018, partially offset by an increase in the blended state statutory tax rate as a result of changes in the Company's state apportionment factors due to the Eagle Ford Shale asset divestiture in February 2018.