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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2013
Loans and Allowance For Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Note 5 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
 
Major classifications of loans as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, are summarized as follows (in thousands).
 
   
March 31,
   
December 31,
   
March 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
   
2012
 
                         
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 1,804,030     $ 1,813,365     $ 1,843,207  
Commercial & industrial
    453,764       458,246       439,496  
Commercial construction
    152,410       154,769       167,122  
Total commercial
    2,410,204       2,426,380       2,449,825  
Residential mortgage
    1,245,975       1,214,203       1,131,248  
Residential construction
    371,733       381,677       435,375  
Consumer installment
    165,648       152,748       111,118  
Total loans
    4,193,560       4,175,008       4,127,566  
Less allowance for loan losses
    (105,753 )     (107,137 )     (113,601 )
Loans, net
  $ 4,087,807     $ 4,067,871     $ 4,013,965  
 
The Bank makes loans and extends credit to individuals and a variety of firms and corporations located primarily in counties in north Georgia, the Atlanta, Georgia metropolitan statistical area, the Gainesville, Georgia metropolitan statistical area, coastal Georgia, western North Carolina, east Tennessee and the Greenville, South Carolina metropolitan statistical area.  Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate and is dependent upon the real estate market.
 
United considers all loans that are on nonaccrual with a balance of $500,000 or greater and all troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) to be impaired.  In addition, United reviews all accruing substandard loans greater than $2 million to determine if the loan is impaired.  A loan is considered impaired when, based on current events and circumstances, it is probable that all amounts due, according to the contractual terms of the loan, will not be collected.  All TDRs are considered impaired regardless of accrual status.  Impairment is measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  A specific reserve is established for impaired loans for the amount of calculated impairment.  Interest payments received on impaired nonaccrual loans are applied as a reduction of the outstanding principal balance.   For impaired loans not on nonaccrual status, interest is accrued according to the terms of the loan agreement.  Impairment amounts are recorded quarterly and specific reserves are recorded in the allowance for loan losses.
 
Each quarter, United’s management prepares an analysis of the allowance for loan losses to determine the appropriate balance that measures and quantifies the amount of loss inherent in the loan portfolio.  The allowance is comprised of specific reserves which are determined as described above, general reserves which are determined based on historical loss experience as adjusted for current trends and economic conditions and an unallocated portion.  United uses eight quarters of historical loss experience weighted toward the most recent quarters to determine the loss factors to be used.  Eight quarters has been determined to be an appropriate time period as it is recent enough to be relevant to current conditions and covers a length of time sufficient to normalize for nonrecurring and unusual activity that might otherwise influence a shorter time period.  The weighted average is calculated by multiplying each quarter’s annualized historical net charge-off rate by 1 through 8, with 8 representing the most recent quarter and 1 representing the oldest quarter.  United uses annualized charge-off rates under the broad assumption that losses inherent in the loan portfolio will generally be resolved within twelve months.  Problem loans that are not resolved within twelve months are generally larger loans that are more complex in nature requiring more time to either rehabilitate or work out of the bank.  These credits are subject to impairment testing and specific reserves.
 
The weighted loss factor results for each quarter are added together and divided by 36 (the sum of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) to arrive at the weighted average historical loss factor for each category of loans.  United calculates loss factors for each major category of loans (commercial real estate, commercial & industrial, commercial construction, residential construction and consumer installment) except residential real estate loans which are further divided into home equity first lien, home equity junior lien and all other residential real estate loans and a loss factor is calculated for each category.
 
Management carefully reviews the resulting loss factors for each category of the loan portfolio and evaluates whether qualitative adjustments are necessary to take into consideration recent credit trends such as increases or decreases in past due, nonaccrual, criticized and classified loans, acceleration or delays in timing of recognition of losses that may render the use of annualized charge-off rates to be inappropriate, and other macro environmental factors such as changes in unemployment rates, lease vacancy rates and trends in property values and absorption rates.
 
To validate the results, management closely monitors the loan portfolio to determine the range of potential losses based upon probability of default and losses upon default for each major loan category. The potential range of losses resulting from this analysis is compared to the resulting loss factors for each major loan category to validate the loss factors and determine if qualitative adjustments are necessary. United’s management believes that its method of determining the balance of the allowance for loan losses provides a reasonable and reliable basis for measuring and reporting losses that are inherent in the loan portfolio as of the reporting date.
 
The following table presents the balance and activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on the impairment method as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012 (in thousands).
 
   
Commercial
                                           
   
(Secured by
   
Commercial
   
Commercial
   
Residential
   
Residential
   
Consumer
             
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Real Estate)
   
& Industrial
   
Construction
   
Mortgage
   
Construction
   
Installment
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
Allowance for loan losses:
                                               
Beginning balance
  $ 27,847     $ 5,537     $ 8,389     $ 26,642     $ 26,662     $ 2,747     $ 9,313     $ 107,137  
Charge-offs
    (5,454 )     (1,823 )     (45 )     (2,356 )     (2,982 )     (707 )           (13,367 )
Recoveries
    211       322       49       209       9       183             983  
Provision
    7,804       1,590       (285 )     2,433       (363 )     (131 )     (48 )     11,000  
Ending balance
  $ 30,408     $ 5,626     $ 8,108     $ 26,928     $ 23,326     $ 2,092     $ 9,265     $ 105,753  
Ending allowance attributable to loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 5,089     $ 1,026     $ 2,093     $ 1,804     $ 1,945     $ 14     $     $ 11,971  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    25,319       4,600       6,015       25,124       21,381       2,078       9,265       93,782  
Total ending allowance balance
  $ 30,408     $ 5,626     $ 8,108     $ 26,928     $ 23,326     $ 2,092     $ 9,265     $ 105,753  
Loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 86,978     $ 50,347     $ 38,970     $ 22,156     $ 31,936     $ 407     $     $ 230,794  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    1,717,052       403,417       113,440       1,223,819       339,797       165,241             3,962,766  
Total loans
  $ 1,804,030     $ 453,764     $ 152,410     $ 1,245,975     $ 371,733     $ 165,648     $     $ 4,193,560  
Year Ended December 31, 2012
                                                               
Allowance for loan losses:
                                                               
Ending allowance attributable to loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 6,106     $ 490     $ 2,239     $ 2,165     $ 625     $ 19     $     $ 11,644  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    21,741       5,047       6,150       24,477       26,037       2,728       9,313       95,493  
Total ending allowance balance
  $ 27,847     $ 5,537     $ 8,389     $ 26,642     $ 26,662     $ 2,747     $ 9,313     $ 107,137  
Loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 104,409     $ 51,501     $ 40,168     $ 22,247     $ 34,055     $ 430     $     $ 252,810  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    1,708,956       406,745       114,601       1,191,956       347,622       152,318             3,922,198  
Total loans
  $ 1,813,365     $ 458,246     $ 154,769     $ 1,214,203     $ 381,677     $ 152,748     $     $ 4,175,008  
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
                                                               
Beginning balance
  $ 31,644     $ 5,681     $ 6,097     $ 29,076     $ 30,379     $ 2,124     $ 9,467     $ 114,468  
Charge-offs
    (3,928 )     (756 )     (364 )     (5,767 )     (5,629 )     (753 )           (17,197 )
Recoveries
    231       87       30       392       315       275             1,330  
Provision
    2,667       460       3,820       3,655       4,408       252       (262 )     15,000  
Ending balance
  $ 30,614     $ 5,472     $ 9,583     $ 27,356     $ 29,473     $ 1,898     $ 9,205     $ 113,601  
Ending allowance attributable to loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 7,654     $ 1,122     $ 1,920     $ 2,254     $ 3,236     $ 63     $     $ 16,249  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    22,960       4,350       7,663       25,102       26,237       1,835       9,205       97,352  
Total ending allowance balance
  $ 30,614     $ 5,472     $ 9,583     $ 27,356     $ 29,473     $ 1,898     $ 9,205     $ 113,601  
Loans:
                                                               
Individually evaluated for impairment
  $ 117,999     $ 60,568     $ 46,549     $ 21,525     $ 47,048     $ 331     $     $ 294,020  
Collectively evaluated for impairment
    1,725,208       378,928       120,573       1,109,723       388,327       110,787             3,833,546  
Total loans
  $ 1,843,207     $ 439,496     $ 167,122     $ 1,131,248     $ 435,375     $ 111,118     $     $ 4,127,566  
 
When a loan officer determines that a loan is uncollectible, he or she is responsible for recommending to the local bank president that the loan be charged off. Full or partial charge-offs may also be recommended by the Collections Department, the Special Assets Department and the Foreclosure / OREO department. Nonaccrual loans that are collateral dependent are generally charged down to 80% of the appraised value of the underlying collateral at the time they are placed on nonaccrual status.
 
A committee consisting of the Chief Risk Officer, Senior Risk Officer and the Senior Credit Officers meets monthly to review charge-offs that have occurred during the previous month. The 10 largest charge-offs are reported quarterly to the Board of Directors.
 
Generally, closed-end retail loans (installment and residential mortgage loans) past due 120 cumulative days are charged-off unless the loan is well secured and in process of collection (within the next 90 days). Open-end (revolving) retail loans which are past due 180 cumulative days from their contractual due date are generally charged-off.
 
At March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, loans with a carrying value of $1.94 billion, $1.90 billion and $1.58 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral to secure FHLB advances and other contingent funding sources.
 
The average balances of impaired loans and income recognized on impaired loans while they were considered impaired is presented below for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (in thousands).
 
    Three Months Ended March 31,  
    2013     2012  
         
Interest
               
Interest
       
         
Revenue
   
Cash Basis
         
Revenue
   
Cash Basis
 
         
Recognized
   
Interest
         
Recognized
   
Interest
 
   
Average
   
During
   
Revenue
   
Average
   
During
   
Revenue
 
   
Balance
   
Impairment
   
Received
   
Balance
   
Impairment
   
Received
 
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 91,631     $  946     $  1,000     $  117,551     $  1,251     $  1,341  
Commercial & industrial
     43,694        156        629       43,249       118       610   
Commercial construction
     39,208        151        232        40,759        267        457  
Total commercial
    174,533       1,253       1,861       201,559       1,636       2,408  
Residential mortgage
     20,414        241       223       24,262       225       261  
Residential construction
     40,592        326       428       54,467       401       518  
Consumer installment
     276        6       6       338       5       5  
Total
  $ 235,815     $ 1,826     $ 2,518     $ 280,626     $ 2,267     $ 3,192  
 
The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012 (in thousands).
 
   
March 31, 2013
   
December 31, 2012
   
March 31, 2012
 
               
Allowance
               
Allowance
               
Allowance
 
   
Unpaid
         
for Loan
   
Unpaid
         
for Loan
   
Unpaid
         
for Loan
 
   
Principal
   
Recorded
   
Losses
   
Principal
   
Recorded
   
Losses
   
Principal
   
Recorded
   
Losses
 
   
Balance
   
Investment
   
Allocated
   
Balance
   
Investment
   
Allocated
   
Balance
   
Investment
   
Allocated
 
With no related allowance recorded:
                                                     
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 50,386     $ 37,202     $     $ 74,066     $ 62,609     $     $ 91,399     $ 82,593     $  
Commercial & industrial
    73,196       46,895             74,572       49,572             81,896       56,896        
Commercial construction
    23,486       16,703             23,938       17,305             30,188       27,295        
Total commercial
    147,068       100,800             172,576       129,486             203,483       166,784        
Residential mortgage
    7,762       6,306             10,336       8,383             15,375       13,041        
Residential construction
    19,026       15,223             35,439       19,093             44,018       28,477        
Consumer installment
                                                     
Total with no related allowance recorded
    173,856       122,329             218,351       156,962             262,876       208,302        
With an allowance recorded:
                                                                       
Commercial (secured by real estate)
    52,363       49,777       5,089       44,395       41,800       6,106       36,536       35,406       7,654  
Commercial & industrial
    3,562       3,451       1,026       2,170       1,929       490       3,672       3,672       1,122  
Commercial construction
    23,150       22,267       2,093       23,746       22,863       2,239       20,056       19,254       1,920  
Total commercial
    79,075       75,495       8,208       70,311       66,592       8,835       60,264       58,332       10,696  
Residential mortgage
    16,104       15,850       1,804       14,267       13,864       2,165       9,255       8,484       2,254  
Residential construction
    17,244       16,713       1,945       15,412       14,962       625       19,235       18,571       3,236  
Consumer installment
    420       407       14       441       430       19       340       331       63  
Total with an allowance recorded
    112,843       108,465       11,971       100,431       95,848       11,644       89,094       85,718       16,249  
Total
  $ 286,699     $ 230,794     $ 11,971     $ 318,782     $ 252,810     $ 11,644     $ 351,970     $ 294,020     $ 16,249  
 
There were no loans more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest at March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 or March 31, 2012. Nonaccrual loans include both homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually evaluated impaired loans. United’s policy is to place loans on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the principal and interest on a loan is not likely to be repaid in accordance with the loan terms or when the loan becomes 90 days past due and is not well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is classified on nonaccrual status, interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current interest revenue. Principal and interest payments received on a nonaccrual loan are applied to reduce outstanding principal.
 
The following table presents the recorded investment (unpaid principal less amounts charged-off) in nonaccrual loans by loan class as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2102 (in thousands).
 
    Nonaccrual Loans  
   
March 31,
   
December 31,
   
March 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
   
2012
 
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 17,304     $ 22,148     $ 26,081  
Commercial & industrial
    29,545       31,817       36,314  
Commercial construction
    22,359       23,843       23,319  
Total commercial
    69,208       77,808       85,714  
Residential mortgage
    11,817       12,589       18,741  
Residential construction
    14,592       18,702       24,341  
Consumer installment
    389       795       908  
Total
  $ 96,006     $ 109,894     $ 129,704  
                         
Balance as a percentage of unpaid principal
    66.3 %     69.5 %     70.6 %
 
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012 by class of loans (in thousands).
 
    Loans Past Due    
Loans Not
       
As of March 31, 2013
 
30 - 59 Days
   
60 - 89 Days
   
> 90 Days
   
Total
   
Past Due
   
Total
 
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 7,402     $ 2,304     $ 5,750     $ 15,456     $ 1,788,574     $ 1,804,030  
Commercial & industrial
    1,485       419       219       2,123       451,641       453,764  
Commercial construction
    856             5,530       6,386       146,024       152,410  
Total commercial
    9,743       2,723       11,499       23,965       2,386,239       2,410,204  
Residential mortgage
    11,899       2,667       4,159       18,725       1,227,250       1,245,975  
Residential construction
    2,310       2,371       2,373       7,054       364,679       371,733  
Consumer installment
    682       152       109       943       164,705       165,648  
Total loans
  $ 24,634     $ 7,913     $ 18,140     $ 50,687     $ 4,142,873     $ 4,193,560  
As of December 31, 2012
                                               
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 8,106     $ 3,232     $ 7,476     $ 18,814     $ 1,794,551     $ 1,813,365  
Commercial & industrial
    1,565       429       867       2,861       455,385       458,246  
Commercial construction
    2,216             4,490       6,706       148,063       154,769  
Total commercial
    11,887       3,661       12,833       28,381       2,397,999       2,426,380  
Residential mortgage
    12,292       2,426       4,848       19,566       1,194,637       1,214,203  
Residential construction
    2,233       1,934       5,159       9,326       372,351       381,677  
Consumer installment
    1,320       245       289       1,854       150,894       152,748  
Total loans
  $ 27,732     $ 8,266     $ 23,129     $ 59,127     $ 4,115,881     $ 4,175,008  
As of March 31, 2012
                                               
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 6,777     $ 3,219     $ 14,461     $ 24,457     $ 1,818,750     $ 1,843,207  
Commercial & industrial
    1,930       244       2,905       5,079       434,417       439,496  
Commercial construction
    256       55       8,620       8,931       158,191       167,122  
Total commercial
    8,963       3,518       25,986       38,467       2,411,358       2,449,825  
Residential mortgage
    14,540       5,223       9,103       28,866       1,102,382       1,131,248  
Residential construction
    7,462       1,584       11,201       20,247       415,128       435,375  
Consumer installment
    961       248       346       1,555       109,563       111,118  
Total loans
  $ 31,926     $ 10,573     $ 46,636     $ 89,135     $ 4,038,431     $ 4,127,566  
 
As of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012, and March 31, 2012, $8.12 million, $9.50 million and $12.2 million of specific reserves were allocated to customers whose loan terms have been modified in TDRs. United committed to lend additional amounts totaling up to $613,000, $689,000, and $891,000 as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively, to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs.
 
The modification of the terms of the TDRs included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the amortization period that would not otherwise be considered in the current market for new debt with similar risk characteristics; a permanent reduction of the principal amount; a restructuring of the borrower’s debt into an A/B note structure where the A note would fall within the borrower’s ability to pay and the remainder would be included in the B note, or a mandated bankruptcy restructuring.
 
The following table presents additional information on TDRs including the number of loan contracts restructured and the pre- and post-modification recorded investment as of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands).
 
    March 31, 2013     December 31, 2012     March 31, 2012  
         
Pre-
   
Post-
         
Pre-
   
Post-
         
Pre-
   
Post-
 
         
Modification
   
Modification
         
Modification
   
Modification
         
Modification
   
Modification
 
   
Number
   
Outstanding
   
Outstanding
   
Number
   
Outstanding
   
Outstanding
   
Number
   
Outstanding
   
Outstanding
 
   
of
   
Recorded
   
Recorded
   
of
   
Recorded
   
Recorded
   
of
   
Recorded
   
Recorded
 
   
Contracts
   
Investment
   
Investment
   
Contracts
   
Investment
   
Investment
   
Contracts
   
Investment
   
Investment
 
Commercial (sec by RE)
    97     $ 80,618     $ 74,675       96     $ 80,261     $ 75,340       92     $ 83,230     $ 79,844  
Commercial & industrial
    41       8,944       8,834       32       7,492       7,250       26       3,487       3,487  
Commercial construction
    25       36,491       32,614       25       37,537       33,809       16       35,184       34,066  
Total commercial
    163       126,053       116,123       153       125,290       116,399       134       121,901       117,397  
Residential mortgage
    120       19,901       19,023       117       20,323       19,296       99       15,718       14,832  
Residential construction
    71       25,651       23,345       67       25,822       23,786       63       27,128       25,948  
Consumer installment
    46       282       269       51       1,292       1,282       40       340       330  
Total loans
    400     $ 171,887     $ 158,760       388     $ 172,727     $ 160,763       336     $ 165,087     $ 158,507  
 
Loans modified under the terms of a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 are presented in the table below. In addition, the following table presents loans modified under the terms of a TDR that became 90 days or more delinquent during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 that were initially restructured within one year prior to the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 (dollars in thousands).
 
                     
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
                     
Modified Within the Previous
 
                     
Twelve Months that Have
 
         
Pre-
   
Post-
   
Subsequently Defaulted During
 
         
Modification
   
Modification
   
the Three Months Ended
 
New Troubled Debt
       
Outstanding
   
Outstanding
   
March 31, 2013
 
Restructurings for the Three
 
Number of
   
Recorded
   
Recorded
   
Number of
   
Recorded
 
Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Contracts
   
Investment
   
Investment
   
Contracts
   
Investment
 
Commercial (secured by real estate)
    8     $ 3,568     $ 3,568     $ 1     $ 432  
Commercial & industrial
    9       815       709       1       35  
Commercial construction
                      2       1,454  
Total commercial
    17       4,383       4,277       4       1,921  
Residential mortgage
    11       2,115       2,115       1       68  
Residential construction
    5       784       655       2       117  
Consumer installment
    4       21       21       3       20  
Total loans
    37     $ 7,303     $ 7,068       10     $ 2,126  
 
 
                               
                     
Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
                     
Modified Within the Previous
 
                     
Twelve Months that Have
 
         
Pre-
   
Post-
   
Subsequently Defaulted During
 
         
Modification
   
Modification
   
the Three Months Ended
 
New Troubled Debt
       
Outstanding
   
Outstanding
   
March 31, 2012
 
Restructurings for the Three
 
Number of
   
Recorded
   
Recorded
   
Number of
 
Recorded
 
Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Contracts
   
Investment
   
Investment
   
Contracts
 
Investment
 
                                         
Commercial (secured by real estate)
    24     $ 15,099     $ 13,741     $     $  
Commercial & industrial
    10       2,724       2,724       1       43  
Commercial construction
    7       20,781       20,781       2       4,174  
Total commercial
    41       38,604       37,246       3       4,217  
Residential mortgage
    24       5,279       5,273       3       373  
Residential construction
    14       3,751       3,189       3       1,476  
Consumer installment
    7       60       55              
Total loans
    86     $ 47,694     $ 45,763       9     $ 6,066  
 
Collateral dependent TDRs that subsequently default or are otherwise placed on nonaccrual are charged down to the fair value of the collateral consistent with United’s policy for nonaccrual loans. Impairment on TDRs that are not collateral dependent continues to be measured on discounted cash flows regardless of whether the loan has subsequently defaulted.
 
Risk Ratings
 
United categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current industry and economic trends, among other factors. United analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. United uses the following definitions for its risk ratings:
 
Watch. Loans in this category are presently protected from apparent loss; however, weaknesses exist that could cause future impairment, including the deterioration of financial ratios, past due status and questionable management capabilities. These loans require more than the ordinary amount of supervision. Collateral values generally afford adequate coverage, but may not be immediately marketable.
 
Substandard. These loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged. Specific and well-defined weaknesses exist that may include poor liquidity and deterioration of financial ratios. The loan may be past due and related deposit accounts experiencing overdrafts. There is the distinct possibility that United will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected. If possible, immediate corrective action is taken.
 
Doubtful. Specific weaknesses characterized as Substandard that are severe enough to make collection in full highly questionable and improbable. There is no reliable secondary source of full repayment.
 
Loss. Loans categorized as Loss have the same characteristics as Doubtful; however, probability of loss is certain. Loans classified as Loss are charged-off.
 
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. Loans listed as not rated are generally deposit account overdrafts that have not been assigned a grade.
 
As of March 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows (in thousands).
 
               
Substandard
   
Doubtful /
             
As of March 31, 2013
 
Pass
   
Watch
   
Performing
   
Nonaccrual
   
Loss
   
Not Rated
   
Total
 
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 1,593,193     $ 65,413     $ 128,120     $ 17,304     $     $     $ 1,804,030  
Commercial & industrial
    396,363       6,775       20,320       29,545             761       453,764  
Commercial construction
    104,413       7,176       18,462       22,359                   152,410  
Total commercial
    2,093,969       79,364       166,902       69,208             761       2,410,204  
Residential mortgage
    1,139,249       30,806       64,103       11,817                   1,245,975  
Residential construction
    296,029       23,230       37,882       14,592                   371,733  
Consumer installment
    161,577       888       2,794       389                   165,648  
Total loans
  $ 3,690,824     $ 134,288     $ 271,681     $ 96,006     $     $ 761     $ 4,193,560  
As of December 31, 2012
                                                       
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 1,592,677     $ 80,997     $ 117,543     $ 22,148     $     $     $ 1,813,365  
Commercial & industrial
    401,606       5,404       18,477       31,817             942       458,246  
Commercial construction
    104,296       7,345       19,285       23,843                   154,769  
Total commercial
    2,098,579       93,746       155,305       77,808             942       2,426,380  
Residential mortgage
    1,102,746       33,689       65,179       12,589                   1,214,203  
Residential construction
    292,264       32,907       37,804       18,702                   381,677  
Consumer installment
    147,214       1,086       3,653       795                   152,748  
Total loans
  $ 3,640,803     $ 161,428     $ 261,941     $ 109,894     $     $ 942     $ 4,175,008  
As of March 31, 2012
                                                       
Commercial (secured by real estate)
  $ 1,586,934     $ 96,352     $ 133,840     $ 26,081     $     $     $ 1,843,207  
Commercial & industrial
    381,098       4,126       17,217       36,314             741       439,496  
Commercial construction
    99,825       20,722       23,256       23,319                   167,122  
Total commercial
    2,067,857       121,200       174,313       85,714             741       2,449,825  
Residential mortgage
    995,981       40,790       75,736       18,741                   1,131,248  
Residential construction
    298,592       48,168       64,274       24,341                   435,375  
Consumer installment
    106,124       1,476       2,610       908                   111,118  
Total loans
  $ 3,468,554     $ 211,634     $ 316,933     $ 129,704     $     $ 741     $ 4,127,566